Multifunctional laser composite five-axis processing equipment with automatic head replacement and processing method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multifunctional laser composite five-axis machining device with automatic head change. The device comprises a numerical control system, a workbench, a moving component, a head change component, and a machining component. The moving component is disposed above the workbench, the head change component is connected to the moving component, and the machining component is connected to the head change component. The head change component comprises a lower head change mechanism and three upper head change mechanisms, and the machining component comprises three different laser machining mechanisms. In a non-machining state, the three laser machining mechanisms are respectively connected to the three upper head change mechanisms. In a machining state, the laser machining mechanism performing machining is disconnected from the upper head change mechanism and connected to the lower head change mechanism. The numerical control system is electrically connected to the moving component, the head change component, the machining component, and the like. The present invention utilizes automatic tool change to enable any combination of the three machining processes of laser cutting, laser welding, and laser cladding, thereby significantly improving production efficiency and significantly saving costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of laser processing technology, and in particular to a multifunctional laser composite five-axis processing device and method. Background Art

[0002] Laser processing equipment is used in various fields, such as the automotive industry, aerospace industry, engineering machinery, medical, metallurgical and other manufacturing industries. Taking the aviation manufacturing field as an example: 1. Laser cutting technology is mainly used for cutting special aviation materials. The aerospace parts processed include engine flame tubes, titanium alloy thin-walled casings, aircraft frames, etc.; 2. Laser welding technology is mainly used for precision welding of special aviation materials, such as titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, nickel alloys, chromium alloys, stainless steel, beryllium oxide, composite materials, electronic components, plastics, ceramics and quartz. The aerospace parts processed by laser welding include engine flame tubes, titanium alloy thin-walled casings, aircraft frames, titanium alloy skins, wing girders, tail panels, helicopter main rotors, aerospace communication equipment components, space shuttle ceramic insulation tiles, etc.; 3. Laser cladding technology can be used not only for processing parts in the aviation field, but also for prototype repair, functional model repair, technical model repair, and full-function part repair, such as the laser three-dimensional surface cladding repair of aircraft propeller blades.

[0003] This shows that laser cutting, laser cladding, and laser welding overlap in processing materials and components in the aviation field, and this overlap also applies to other fields. However, laser cutting, laser cladding, and laser welding are currently performed separately using different laser processing equipment, without the necessary equipment to combine them. As a result, workpieces need to be transported between different equipment and repositioned on different equipment, resulting in low processing efficiency and high processing costs. Furthermore, since each piece of equipment occupies a certain amount of space, this does not conform to the current trend of intensive development. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a multifunctional five-axis laser composite machining device with automatic head change and a machining method thereof. The multifunctional five-axis laser composite machining device of the present invention enables any combination of laser cutting, laser welding, and laser cladding processes, thereby significantly improving production efficiency, significantly reducing costs, and conserving equipment space.

[0005] The present invention provides multifunctional laser composite five-axis processing equipment with automatic head changing, which includes a numerical control system, a workbench, a moving component, a head changing component, and a processing component. The moving component is arranged above the workbench, the head changing component is connected to the moving component, and the processing component is connected to the head changing component; the head changing component includes a lower head changing mechanism and three upper head changing mechanisms, and the processing component includes three different laser processing mechanisms; in a non-processing state, the three laser processing mechanisms are respectively connected to the three upper head changing mechanisms; in a processing state, the laser processing mechanism performing processing is disconnected from the upper head changing mechanism and connected to the lower head changing mechanism; the numerical control system is electrically connected to the moving component, the head changing component, the processing component, etc.

[0006] Furthermore, the moving parts include an X-direction moving part, a Y-direction moving part, and a Z-direction moving part; the X-direction moving part includes a gantry and two tracks, the gantry spans the workbench 1, the two tracks are arranged on both sides of the workbench, and the gantry moves forward and backward along the tracks in the X direction; the Y-direction moving part includes a slide, the slide is arranged in front of the gantry beam, and moves left and right in the Y direction along the beam; the Z-direction moving part includes a ram, the ram is arranged inside the slide, and moves up and down in the Z direction along the mating surface of the two.

[0007] Furthermore, the head-changing component includes a lower head-changing mechanism and three upper head-changing mechanisms. The lower head-changing mechanism is connected to the ram, and the three upper head-changing mechanisms are respectively fixed on the front left and right surfaces of the slide. A lower head-changing mechanism includes an A / C swing head, a two-stage cylinder, an RFID reader, and a zero-point chuck I. The upper end of the A / C swing head is connected to the ram, the RFID reader and the two-stage cylinder are fixed in front of the A / C swing head, and the RFID reader is located above the two-stage cylinder. The zero-point chuck I is connected to the two-stage cylinder. The three The structure of the upper head-changing mechanism is the same. Each upper head-changing mechanism includes a guide rail, a slider, a lead screw, a motor, a zero-point chuck II, a proximity switch, a base plate, and a top plate. The motor is fixed on the top plate, one end of the lead screw passes through the top plate and is connected to the motor, and the other end passes through the slider and is connected to the base plate. The zero-point chuck II and the proximity switch are both fixed in front of the slider, and the zero-point chuck II is located above the proximity switch. The back of the slider is connected to the guide rail, and the upper and lower ends of the guide rail are fixed to the top plate and the bottom plate respectively. The base plate and the top plate are both fixed on the slide.

[0008] Furthermore, the processing components include three laser processing mechanisms, namely, a laser cutting mechanism, a laser welding mechanism, and a laser cladding mechanism; in the non-processing state, the three processing laser mechanisms are respectively connected to the three upper head-changing mechanisms; in the processing state, the processing laser mechanism performing processing is separated from the upper head-changing mechanism and connected to the lower head-changing mechanism.

[0009] Furthermore, the laser cutting mechanism includes a laser cutting head, an RFID I chip, an upper zero point pin I, a lower zero point pin I, a mounting plate I, and a three-dimensional drag chain I; the upper zero point pin I and the lower zero point pin I are respectively fixed to the upper and lower parts of the rear of the mounting plate I, the RFID chip I is embedded in the mounting plate I, the laser cutting head is fixed in front of the mounting plate I, and the three-dimensional drag chain I is connected to the top of the laser cutting head; in the non-working state, the upper zero point pin I is connected to the zero point chuck II, and in the working state, the lower zero point pin I is connected to the zero point chuck I.

[0010] Furthermore, the laser welding mechanism includes a laser welding head, an RFID chip II, an upper zero point pin II, a lower zero point pin II, a mounting plate II, a three-dimensional drag chain II, and a weld detection device; the upper zero point pin II and the lower zero point pin II are respectively fixed at the upper and lower parts of the rear of the mounting plate II, the RFID chip II is embedded in the mounting plate II, the laser welding head is fixed in front of the mounting plate II, the three-dimensional drag chain II is connected to the top of the laser welding cutting head, and the weld detection device is connected to the side of the laser welding head; in the non-working state, the upper zero point pin II is connected to the zero point chuck II, and in the working state, the lower zero point pin II is connected to the zero point chuck I.

[0011] Furthermore, the laser cladding mechanism includes a laser cladding head, an RFID chip III, an upper zero point pin III, a lower zero point pin III, a mounting plate III, and a three-dimensional drag chain III; the upper zero point pin III and the lower zero point pin III are respectively fixed to the upper and lower parts of the rear of the mounting plate III, the RFID chip III is embedded in the mounting plate III, the laser cladding head is fixed in front of the mounting plate III, and the three-dimensional drag chain III is connected to the top of the laser cladding head; in the non-working state, the upper zero point pin III is connected to the zero point chuck II, and in the working state, the lower zero point pin III is connected to the zero point chuck I.

[0012] Furthermore, the distance between the upper zero point pin and the lower zero point pin is L, the maximum value of the distance between the center of the zero point chuck II and the center of the zero point chuck I is L1, and the minimum value is L2. In order to ensure successful head replacement, the value range of L is L2≤L≤L1; among them, the maximum value L1 is the distance between the center of the zero point chuck II and the center of the zero point chuck I when the slider rises to the highest limit position, and the minimum value L2 is the distance between the center of the zero point chuck II and the center of the zero point chuck I when the slider descends to the lowest limit position.

[0013] The method for processing a workpiece by the device of the present invention is as follows: according to the type of laser processing required for the workpiece, after selecting a specific processing technology on the interface of the numerical control system operating platform, the device performs the following steps:

[0014] ① Start the automatic head changing program: rotate the lower head changing mechanism to the bottom of the laser processing mechanism corresponding to the specific processing technology, and connect the laser processing mechanism to the lower head changing mechanism through the cooperation of the upper and lower head changing mechanisms, and then separate it from the upper head changing mechanism to complete the head changing of the laser processing mechanism;

[0015] ② Check whether the head change is in place: The proximity switch in the upper head change mechanism detects whether the laser head is not on the upper head change mechanism. If not, it is in the empty blade state: If it is determined to be in the empty blade state, it means that the head change is in place and the next step is to proceed; if it is not in the empty blade state, return to step ① to change the head;

[0016] ③ Start the processing program, that is, control the laser processing mechanism to move to the starting processing position of the workpiece placed on the workbench through the XYZ three-axis linkage;

[0017] ④ Turn on the compressed gas and protective gas through PLC;

[0018] ⑤ The empty tool state detected by the proximity switch is used as the limiting condition for opening the laser processing head shutter. After the PLC reads the state correctly, the laser is powered on, the corresponding laser processing head shutter opens to emit light, and the laser processing head starts to move and walks along the preset trajectory;

[0019] ⑥ After the processing is completed, the laser stops emitting light, the laser head stops moving, the laser is powered off, and the protective gas and compressed gas are turned off in a delayed manner;

[0020] ⑦ Repeat the above process for the new workpiece. If the processing technology needs to be changed, the head needs to be replaced and reset;

[0021] ⑧Execute the head replacement reset procedure, the upper head replacement mechanism moves to the top of the lower head replacement mechanism, and the laser processing mechanism is connected to the upper head replacement mechanism and then separated from the lower head replacement mechanism through the cooperation of the upper head replacement mechanism and the lower head replacement mechanism, completing the head replacement reset of the laser processing mechanism;

[0022] ⑨Processing is completed.

[0023] Furthermore, the specific steps of step ① starting the automatic head changing program are: Ⅰ. The lower head changing mechanism is located below the laser processing mechanism through the A / C swing head, and then rises to the head changing position; Ⅱ. The motor operates to make the slider move downward, and the zero point chuck II drives the entire laser processing mechanism to move downward through the connected upper zero point pin until the lower zero point pin is horizontally aligned with the zero point chuck I; Ⅲ. The first stage of the two-stage cylinder extends, and the zero point chuck I clamps the lower zero point pin; Ⅳ. The zero point chuck II is released, the second stage of the two-stage cylinder extends, and the upper zero point pin and the zero point chuck II are disengaged; Ⅴ. The motor operates to make the slider move upward, and the head changing action is completed.

[0024] Furthermore, step ② checks whether the head change is in place: while the proximity switch is used to detect the empty knife state, the RFID reader is used to read the information of the RFID chip to identify whether the laser head is the laser head to be used for the processing process: if it is determined to be the laser head for the processing process, it indicates that the head change is correct and the next step is performed; if it is not the laser head for the processing process, the head change is returned to step ① to change the head; in step ⑤, the PLC reads the empty knife state detected by the proximity switch for judgment, and the RFID processor judges the information read by the RFID reader. After double judgment, the correctness and position of the head change are used as the limiting conditions for opening the processing head light gate in the laser generator to ensure safety.

[0025] Furthermore, the specific steps of step ③ to start the processing program are: the CNC system controls the two X-axis motors to drive the gantry to move along the X direction on the track, the Y-axis motor drives the slide to move along the Y direction along the crossbeam of the gantry 210, and the Z-axis motor drives the slide 3 to move along the Z-axis direction through the slide; that is, the laser processing head is controlled by three-axis linkage to move to the processing position of the workpiece on the workbench.

[0026] Furthermore, the specific steps of executing the head replacement reset procedure in step ⑧ are: I. The motor operates to move the slider downward until the zero point chuck II is horizontally aligned with the upper zero point pin; II. The first stage of the two-stage cylinder retracts, and the upper zero point pin enters the zero point chuck II and is clamped; III. The zero point chuck I is released, the second stage of the two-stage cylinder retracts, and the zero point chuck I is disengaged from the lower zero point pin; IV. The motor operates to move the slider upward, and the zero point chuck II drives the entire laser processing mechanism to move upward through the connected upper zero point pin; V. The A / C swing head descends and returns to its original position, and the head replacement reset action is completed.

[0027] The working principle of the equipment of the present invention is: three laser processing mechanisms are respectively arranged on the front left and right surfaces of the slide through the upper head changing mechanism; before one of the three laser processing mechanisms works, the position of the lower head changing mechanism is first determined according to the position (front left and right) of the laser processing mechanism that needs to work on the slide. When the lower head changing mechanism is in place, that is, it is located directly below the laser processing mechanism that needs to work, then the upper head changing mechanism connected to this laser processing mechanism moves downward to drive the laser processing mechanism downward. The connection between this laser processing mechanism and the lower head changing mechanism is realized through the cooperation of the actions of the lower head changing mechanism and the upper head changing mechanism, that is, the head change is realized. When the head change is completed, this laser processing mechanism starts to process the workpiece.

[0028] Therefore, the present invention realizes any combination of the three processing technologies of laser cutting, laser welding and laser cladding through automatic tool changing, thereby greatly improving production efficiency, greatly saving costs and saving equipment space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1It is a structural schematic diagram of the device of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the lower head changing mechanism of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the head-changing structure of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the laser cutting mechanism of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the laser welding mechanism of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the laser cladding mechanism of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the workflow of the method of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] from Figure 1 It can be seen that the present invention is a multifunctional laser composite five-axis processing equipment with automatic head changing, which includes a numerical control system, a workbench 1, a moving part 2, a head changing part, and a processing part. The moving part 2 is arranged above the workbench 1, the head changing part is connected to the moving part, and the processing part is connected to the head changing part; the head changing part includes a lower head changing mechanism 4 and three upper head changing mechanisms 3, and the processing part includes three different laser processing mechanisms; in the non-processing state, the three laser processing mechanisms are respectively connected to the three upper head changing mechanisms 3; in the processing state, the laser processing mechanism performing processing is detached from the upper head changing mechanism 3 and connected to the lower head changing mechanism 4; the numerical control system is electrically connected to the moving part 2, the head changing part, the processing part, etc.

[0039] The processing equipment of the present invention: When the workpiece to be processed is placed on the workbench 1, the laser processing mechanism that specifically implements the processing technology is first separated from the upper head changing mechanism 3 and connected to the lower head changing mechanism 4 through the head changing component to be in a processing preparation state, and then moved to the top of the workpiece through the moving component 2, and finally specific processing is carried out.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] from Figure 1 It can be seen that the equipment of the present invention: the moving part 2 includes an X-direction moving part, a Y-direction moving part, and a Z-direction moving part; the X-direction moving part includes a gantry 210 and two rails 211. The gantry 210 spans the workbench 1, and the two rails 211 are arranged on both sides of the workbench 1. The gantry 210 moves back and forth in the X direction along the rails 211; the Y-direction moving part includes a slide 212, which is arranged in front of the crossbeam of the gantry 210 and moves left and right in the Y direction along the crossbeam; the Z-direction moving part includes a slide 213, which is arranged inside the slide 212 and moves up and down in the Z direction along the mating surface of the two.

[0042] The moving component 2 can move the head-changing component and the processing component to the top of the workpiece to be processed placed on the workbench 1 by moving in the three directions of X, Y and Z, so as to process the workpiece.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] from Figure 2 、 Figure 3 It can be seen that the equipment of the present invention: the head-changing component includes a lower head-changing mechanism 4 and three upper head-changing mechanisms 3, the lower head-changing mechanism 4 is connected to the slide 213, and the three upper head-changing mechanisms 3 are respectively fixed on the front left and right surfaces of the slide 212; a lower head-changing mechanism 4 includes an A / C swing head 401, a two-stage cylinder 402, an RFID reader 403, and a zero-point chuck I 404; the upper end of the A / C swing head 401 is connected to the slide 213, the RFID reader 403 and the two-stage cylinder 402 are all fixed in front of the A / C swing head 401, and the RFID reader 403 is located above the two-stage cylinder 402, and the zero-point chuck I 404 is connected to the two-stage cylinder 402; the three upper head-changing mechanisms 3 have the same structure, and each upper head-changing mechanism 4 includes an A / C swing head 401, a two-stage cylinder 402, an RFID reader 403, and a zero-point chuck I 404. The head mechanism 3 includes a guide rail 301, a slider 302, a lead screw 303, a motor 304, a zero point chuck II 305, a proximity switch 306, a base plate 307, and a top plate 308; the motor 304 is fixed on the top plate 308, one end of the lead screw 303 passes through the top plate 308 and is connected to the motor 304, and the other end passes through the slider 302 and is connected to the base plate 307, the zero point chuck II 305 and the proximity switch 306 are both fixed in front of the slider 302, and the zero point chuck II 305 is located above the proximity switch 306, the back of the slider 302 is connected to the guide rail 301, the upper and lower ends of the guide rail 301 are respectively fixed to the top plate 308 and the bottom plate 307, and the bottom plate 307 and the top plate 308 are both fixed on the slide 212.

[0045] In the upper head-changing mechanism 3: when the motor 304 is working, the slider 302 moves up and down along the lead screw 303, driving the zero-point chuck II 305 and the proximity switch 306 to move up and down, and then driving the laser processing mechanism connected to the zero-point chuck 305 to move up and down, thereby realizing the connection or separation of the laser processing mechanism and the lower head-changing mechanism 4; the guide rail 301 not only provides guidance for the up and down movement of the slider 302, but also enhances the strength of the lead screw guide module 3, thereby ensuring the stability of the movement; the proximity switch 306 is used to detect whether the laser head in the laser processing mechanism is on the upper head-changing mechanism 3.

[0046] In the lower head-changing mechanism 4: the ram 213 drives the A / C swing head 401 to move up and down along the Z-axis, and the A / C swing head 401 swings around the X-axis to form the A-axis motion and rotates around the Z-axis to form the C-axis motion, thereby realizing five-axis machining; the A / C swing head 401 drives the two-stage cylinder 402, the RFID reader 403, and the zero-point chuck I 404 to perform C-axis motion and A-axis motion, so that the outer surface M of the two-stage cylinder 402 is parallel to the inner surface N of the mounting plate in the laser processing mechanism (the surface close to the upper head-changing mechanism), thereby ensuring that the zero-point chuck I 404 can tightly clamp the lower zero-point pin in the laser processing mechanism; the two-stage cylinder 402 drives the zero-point chuck I 404 to extend or retract in two stages, realizing the connection or separation between the zero-point chuck I 404 and the laser processing mechanism, thereby realizing head changing; the RFID reader 403 can read relevant information of the laser processing mechanism.

[0047] Example 4

[0048] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 As shown, the processing components include three laser processing mechanisms, namely, a laser cutting mechanism 7, a laser welding mechanism 5, and a laser cladding mechanism 6; in the non-processing state, the three processing laser mechanisms are respectively connected to the three upper head-changing mechanisms 3; in the processing state, the processing laser mechanism performing processing is separated from the upper head-changing mechanism 3 and connected to the lower head-changing mechanism 4.

[0049] The three laser processing mechanisms are respectively arranged on the front, left, and right surfaces of the slide 212 via the upper head-changing mechanism 3. Before one of the three laser processing mechanisms operates, the position of the lower head-changing mechanism 4 is first determined based on the position (front, left, and right) of the laser processing mechanism to be operated on the slide 212. Once the lower head-changing mechanism 4 is in place, directly below the laser processing mechanism to be operated, the upper head-changing mechanism 3 connected to the laser processing mechanism then moves downward, driving the laser processing mechanism downward. The coordinated action of the lower head-changing mechanism 4 and the upper head-changing mechanism 3 completes the connection between the laser processing mechanism and the lower head-changing mechanism 4, thus completing the head-changing process. After the head-changing process is completed, the laser processing mechanism begins processing the workpiece.

[0050] Example 5

[0051] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 As shown, the equipment of the present invention: the laser cutting mechanism 7 includes a laser cutting head 701, an RFIDⅠ chip 702, an upper zero point pin Ⅰ703, a lower zero point pin Ⅰ704, a mounting plate Ⅰ705, and a three-dimensional drag chain Ⅰ706; the upper zero point pin Ⅰ703 and the lower zero point pin Ⅰ704 are respectively fixed to the upper and lower parts behind the mounting plate Ⅰ705, the RFID chip Ⅰ702 is embedded in the mounting plate Ⅰ705, the laser cutting head 701 is fixed in front of the mounting plate Ⅰ705, and the three-dimensional drag chain Ⅰ706 is connected to the top of the laser cutting head 701; in the non-working state, the upper zero point pin Ⅰ703 is connected to the zero point chuck Ⅱ305, and in the working state, the lower zero point pin Ⅰ704 is connected to the zero point chuck Ⅰ404.

[0052] When the laser cutting mechanism 7 is in operation, the lower head change mechanism 4 moves along the C-axis via the A / C swing head 401 to the bottom of the laser cutting mechanism 7 and then rises. The upper head change mechanism 3 drives the laser cutting mechanism 7 downward. The laser cutting mechanism 7 is connected to the lower head change mechanism 4 and separated from the upper head change mechanism 3, thus completing the head change. The RFID chip I 702 is used to record the information of the laser cutting head 701. The RFID reader 403 uses the RFID chip I 702 to identify whether the laser head is the laser cutting head 701.

[0053] Example 6

[0054] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 5As shown, the equipment of the present invention: the laser welding mechanism 5 includes a laser welding head 501, an RFID chip II 502, an upper zero point pin II 503, a lower zero point pin II 504, a mounting plate II 505, a three-dimensional drag chain II 506, and a weld detection device 507; the upper zero point pin II 503 and the lower zero point pin II 504 are respectively fixed to the upper and lower parts of the rear of the mounting plate II 505, the RFID chip II 502 is embedded in the mounting plate II 505, the laser welding head 501 is fixed in front of the mounting plate II 505, the three-dimensional drag chain II 506 is connected to the top of the laser welding cutting head 501, and the weld detection device 507 is connected to the side of the laser welding head 501; in the non-working state, the upper zero point pin II 503 is connected to the zero point chuck II 305, and in the working state, the lower zero point pin II 504 is connected to the zero point chuck I 404.

[0055] When the laser welding mechanism 5 is operating, the lower head change mechanism 4 moves along the C-axis via the A / C swing head 401 to the bottom of the laser welding mechanism 5 and then rises. The upper head change mechanism 3 drives the laser welding mechanism 5 downward. The laser welding mechanism 5 connects to the lower head change mechanism 4 and separates from the upper head change mechanism 3, completing the head change. The RFID chip II 502 is used to record the information of the laser welding head 501. The RFID reader 403 uses the RFID chip II 502 to identify whether the laser head is the laser welding head 501.

[0056] Example 7

[0057] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 6 As shown, the apparatus of the present invention: the laser cladding mechanism 6 includes a laser cladding head 601, an RFID chip III 602, an upper zero point pin III 603, a lower zero point pin III 604, a mounting plate III 605, and a three-dimensional drag chain III 606; the upper zero point pin III 603 and the lower zero point pin III 604 are respectively fixed to the upper and lower portions of the rear of the mounting plate III 605, the RFID chip III 602 is embedded in the mounting plate III 605, the laser cladding head 601 is fixed to the front of the mounting plate III 605, and the three-dimensional drag chain III 606 is connected to the top of the laser cladding head 601; in the non-operating state, the upper zero point pin III 603 is connected to the zero point chuck II 305, and in the operating state, the lower zero point pin III 604 is connected to the zero point chuck I 404.

[0058] When the laser cladding mechanism 6 is operating, the lower head-changing mechanism 4 moves along the C-axis via the A / C swing head 401 to the bottom of the laser cladding mechanism 6 and then rises. The upper head-changing mechanism 3 drives the laser cladding mechanism 6 downward. The laser cladding mechanism 6 is connected to the lower head-changing mechanism 4 and separated from the upper head-changing mechanism 3, thus completing the head change. The RFID chip III 602 is used to record the information of the laser cladding head 601. The RFID reader 403 uses the RFID chip III 602 to identify whether the laser head is the laser cladding head 601.

[0059] In the three laser processing mechanisms described above, the distance between upper zero point pin I 703 and lower zero point pin I 704 (between upper zero point pin II 503 and lower zero point pin II 504, and between upper zero point pin III 603 and lower zero point pin III 604) is L. The maximum distance between the center of zero point chuck II 305 and the center of zero point chuck I 404 is L1, and the minimum distance is L2. To ensure successful head replacement, the value range of L is L2 ≤ L ≤ L1. The maximum value, L1, is the distance between the center of zero point chuck II 305 and the center of zero point chuck I 404 when slider 302 rises to its highest limit, and the minimum value, L2, is the distance between the center of zero point chuck II 305 and the center of zero point chuck I 404 when slider 302 descends to its lowest limit.

[0060] In the non-operating state, the zero-point chucks 305 in the three upper head-changing mechanisms clamp upper zero-point pins I 703, II 503, and III 603, respectively. In the operating state, zero-point chuck I 404 clamps one of the lower zero-point pins I 704, II 504, or III 604 in the laser processing mechanism to be operated. The A / C swing head 401 performs C-axis and A-axis motions, aligning the outer surface M of the two-stage cylinder 402 with the inner surface of the mounting plate I 705, II 505, or III 605 in the laser processing mechanism to be operated, thereby ensuring that zero-point chuck I 404 firmly clamps the lower part pins in the laser processing mechanism.

[0061] In the description of the upper head changing mechanism 3 , the lower head changing mechanism 4 , the laser cutting mechanism 7 , the laser welding mechanism 5 , and the laser cladding mechanism 6 , the part away from the slide 212 is the front, and the part close to the slide 212 is the back.

[0062] As can be seen from the above, the processing equipment is an overall bridge-type gantry structure, and its periphery is protected by laser-specific protective glass and protective covers to prevent the escape of metal and dust and protect personnel safety. The main degrees of freedom of the processing equipment include: forward and backward movement of the gantry (X-axis), left and right movement of the slide (Y-axis), up and down movement of the ram (Z-axis), rotation of the A / C swing head around the Z-axis (C-axis), and rotation of the A / C swing head around the X-axis (A-axis), totaling 5 degrees of freedom. Among them, the X-axis uses a dual-drive form to ensure synchronous movement of both ends of the beam, and the other axes are driven by a single motor. The above motors are all servo motors, which are not shown in the figure.

[0063] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention's equipment also includes laser accessories, which primarily include a laser generator 803, a wire feeder 804, and a powder feeder 805. The laser generator 803 is placed next to the workbench 1 and is connected to three laser heads via three optical fibers, providing light sources. Different optical gates are opened to provide energy for different processes, such as laser welding, laser cutting, and laser cladding, based on startup conditions. The positions of the wire feeder 804 and powder feeder 805 are not restricted, as long as they facilitate wire and powder feeding. To protect the optical fibers, a three-dimensional drag chain is placed around each of the three optical fibers.

[0064] The CNC system is a CNC system with five-axis linkage function, supports multiple channels, controls more than 7 axes, can be manually programmed and supports DNC function, has motion modes such as return to zero, manual, automatic, single-stage and MDI, supports handwheel control of machine tool movement, provides alarm function, and records alarm information. It has its own PLC hardware, manages IO points and is expandable, can be secondary developed, and realizes functions such as supporting device parameter setting, process operation and contour scanning, and has gantry axis function. The CNC system controls the servo driver and PLC hardware. The servo driver drives the servo motor to operate. The PLC hardware collects detection signals such as external switches, and logic programming controls the execution of solenoid valves, ordinary motors, etc. The offline programming module does not participate in the control and outputs the NC program as the input of the system. Among them, the equipment of the present invention is provided with an operating platform 801, in which the display component, operating component and control component of the CNC system are all installed, and all controls can be operated on the platform 801. In addition, the operating platform 801 has a built-in RFID processor 802. The RFID reader 403 reads the information of the RFID chip and makes a judgment through the RFID processor 802 and combines it with the PLC to read the status of the proximity switch 306. After the double judgment, the light gate of the corresponding laser head is opened to ensure safety; the CNC system and the RFID processor use PROFINET communication.

[0065] Example 8

[0066] like Figure 7As shown, according to the type of laser processing required for the workpiece, after selecting the specific processing technology on the interface of the CNC system operating platform, the equipment processes the workpiece according to the following steps:

[0067] ① Start the automatic head changing program: rotate the lower head changing mechanism to the bottom of the laser processing mechanism corresponding to the specific processing technology, and connect the laser processing mechanism to the lower head changing mechanism through the cooperation of the upper and lower head changing mechanisms, and then separate it from the upper head changing mechanism to complete the head changing of the laser processing mechanism;

[0068] ② Check whether the head change is in place: The proximity switch in the upper head change mechanism detects whether the laser head is not on the upper head change mechanism. If not, it is in the empty blade state: If it is determined to be in the empty blade state, it means that the head change is in place and the next step is to proceed; if it is not in the empty blade state, return to step ① to change the head;

[0069] ③ Start the processing program, that is, control the laser processing mechanism to move to the starting processing position of the workpiece placed on the workbench 1 through the XYZ three-axis linkage;

[0070] ④ Turn on the compressed gas and protective gas through PLC;

[0071] ⑤ The empty tool state detected by the proximity switch is used as the limiting condition for opening the laser processing head shutter. After the PLC reads the state correctly, the laser is powered on, the corresponding laser processing head shutter opens to emit light, and the laser processing head starts to move and walks along the preset trajectory;

[0072] ⑥ After the processing is completed, the laser stops emitting light, the laser head stops moving, the laser is powered off, and the protective gas and compressed gas are turned off in a delayed manner;

[0073] ⑦ Repeat the above process for the new workpiece. If the processing technology needs to be changed, the head needs to be replaced and reset;

[0074] ⑧Execute the head replacement reset procedure, the upper head replacement mechanism moves to the top of the lower head replacement mechanism, and the laser processing mechanism is connected to the upper head replacement mechanism and then separated from the lower head replacement mechanism through the cooperation of the upper head replacement mechanism and the lower head replacement mechanism, completing the head replacement reset of the laser processing mechanism;

[0075] ⑨Processing is completed.

[0076] Among them, the specific steps of step ① starting the automatic head changing program are: I. Use the A / C swing head 401 to make the lower head changing mechanism 4 located below the laser processing mechanism, and then rise to the head changing position; II. The motor 304 operates to make the slider 302 move downward, and the zero point chuck II 305 drives the entire laser processing mechanism to move downward through the connected upper zero point pin until the lower zero point pin is horizontally aligned with the zero point chuck I 404; III. The first stage of the two-stage cylinder 402 is extended, and the zero point chuck I 404 clamps the lower zero point pin; IV. The zero point chuck II 305 is released, and the second stage of the two-stage cylinder 402 is extended, and the upper zero point pin and the zero point chuck II 305 are disengaged; V. The motor 304 operates to make the slider 302 move upward, and the head changing action is completed.

[0077] Among them, in step ①: the A / C swing head 401 rotates along the C-axis, so that the cylinder 402, the FID reader 403, and the part chuck I 404 are all located below the laser processing mechanism and rise to the head-changing position; if the outer surface of the cylinder 402 is not parallel to the inner surface of the mounting plate, the A / C swing head 401 moves along the A-axis to make the outer surface parallel to the inner surface, so as to ensure that the zero-point chuck I 404 clamps the lower zero-point pin; the zero-point chuck I 404 and the zero-point chuck II 305 are clamped and released by the electromagnet controlled by the PLC program.

[0078] After step 1, the laser head is connected to the lower head-changing mechanism via the lower zero-point pin and positioned below the slide, facilitating workpiece processing. Furthermore, the optical fiber moves with the laser head via a three-dimensional drag chain, meeting the space requirements for both the C-axis and A-axis rotation of the A / C swing head.

[0079] Step 2 checks whether the laser head is in place: While the proximity switch detects the empty blade state, the RFID reader reads the RFID chip information to determine whether the laser head is the one for the processing process. If it is the laser head for the processing process, the head change is correct and the next step is continued. If it is not the laser head for the processing process, the head change is correct and the next step is continued. In this way, step 2 checks whether the laser head is in place. The redundant design of the proximity switch detection and chip information reading ensures that the laser head is correctly replaced and in place, ensuring the reliability of the processing.

[0080] At the same time, after adding the chip information reading in step ②, in step ⑤, the PLC reads the empty knife state detected by the proximity switch 306 for judgment, and the RFID processor 802 judges the information read by the RFID reader 403. After double judgment, the correct head change and the position are used as the limiting conditions for opening the processing head light gate in the laser generator to ensure safety.

[0081] Among them, the specific steps of step ③ starting the processing program are: the CNC system controls the two X-axis motors to drive the gantry 210 to move along the X direction on the track 211, the Y-axis motor drives the slide 212 to move along the Y direction along the crossbeam of the gantry 210, and the Z-axis motor drives the slide 213 to move along the Z-axis direction through the slide 212; that is, the laser processing head is controlled to move to the processing position of the workpiece on the workbench 1 through three-axis linkage.

[0082] The specific steps for executing the head replacement reset procedure in step ⑧ are as follows: I. Motor 304 operates to move the slider 302 downward until the zero-point chuck II 305 is horizontally aligned with the upper zero-point pin; II. The two-stage cylinder 402 retracts in the first stage, and the upper zero-point pin enters and clamps the zero-point chuck II 305; III. Zero-point chuck I 404 is released, and the two-stage cylinder 402 retracts in the second stage, disengaging the zero-point chuck I 404 from the lower zero-point pin; IV. Motor 304 operates to move the slider 302 upward, and the zero-point chuck II 305, connected to the upper zero-point pin, drives the entire laser processing mechanism upward; V. The A / C swing head 401 descends and returns to its original position, completing the head replacement reset. At this point, the entire laser processing mechanism is above the slide and will not interfere with the operation of other laser heads.

[0083] Example 9

[0084] The following takes the example that the laser cladding mechanism 6, the laser cutting mechanism 7, and the laser welding mechanism 5 are respectively located on the left, middle, and right sides of the slide 212, and the lower head changing mechanism 4 is initially located below the laser cutting mechanism 7, as follows: Figure 1 As shown:

[0085] 1. When performing laser cutting, select the laser cutting process in the CNC system interface of the operating platform 801 and perform the following steps:

[0086] ① Start the automatic head changing program: Ⅰ. ① The A / C swing head 401 swings along the A axis so that the outer surface M of the cylinder 402 is parallel to the inner surface N1 of the mounting plate Ⅰ705, and rises to the head changing position; Ⅱ. The motor 304 works to make the slider 302 move downward, and the zero point chuck Ⅱ305 drives the entire laser cutting mechanism 7 to move downward through the connected upper zero point pin Ⅰ703 until the lower zero point pin Ⅰ704 is horizontally aligned with the zero point chuck Ⅰ404; Ⅲ. The first stage of the two-stage cylinder 402 extends, and the lower zero point pin Ⅰ704 enters the zero point chuck. Inside disk I 404, the electromagnet is controlled by the PLC program to open the ventilation so that the zero point chuck I 404 clamps the lower zero point pin I 704; IV, the zero point chuck II 305 is pneumatically loosened, and the second stage of the two-stage cylinder 402 is extended to disengage the upper zero point pin I 703 and the zero point chuck II 305; V, the motor 304 is operated to make the slider 302 move upward, the upper head changing mechanism 3 is reset, and the head changing action is completed; at this time, since the lower head changing mechanism 4 is originally located below the laser cutting mechanism 7, the A / C swing head 401 does not need to rotate along the C axis.

[0087] ② Check whether the head change position is in place: the proximity switch 306 detects whether the head change position is in the empty blade state, and at the same time the RFID reader 403 reads the information of the RFID chip I 702 to identify whether the laser head is the laser cutting head 701: if it is determined to be in both the empty blade state and the laser cutting head 701 state, it means that the head change is in place and correct, and the next step is carried out; if it is not the empty blade state, the laser cutting head 701, or both, then return to step 1 to change the head;

[0088] ③ Start the processing program: The CNC system controls the two X-axis motors to drive the gantry 210 to move along the track 211 in the X direction, the Y-axis motor to drive the slide 212 to move along the crossbeam of the gantry 210 in the Y direction, and the Z-axis motor to drive the ram 213 to move along the slide 212 in the Z direction. That is, the laser cutting mechanism is controlled by the XYZ three-axis linkage to move to the starting processing position of the workpiece placed on the workbench 1;

[0089] ④ Turn on the compressed gas and protective gas through PLC;

[0090] ⑤ The idle blade state detected by the proximity switch 306 and the laser cutting head 701 information read by the RFID reader 403 are used as the limiting conditions for opening the laser cutting head shutter in the laser generator. After the state is correct, the laser generator 803 is powered on, the corresponding laser cutting head shutter opens to emit light and perforate, and the laser cutting head 701 starts to move and walks along the preset trajectory;

[0091] ⑥ After the processing is completed, the laser generator 803 stops emitting light, the laser cutting head 701 stops moving, the laser generator 803 is powered off, and the protective gas and compressed gas are turned off with a delay;

[0092] ⑦ Repeat the above process for the new workpiece. If the processing technology needs to be changed, the head needs to be replaced and reset;

[0093] ⑧Execute the head replacement reset procedure: I. The motor 304 operates to move the slider 302 downward until the zero point chuck I 305 is horizontally aligned with the upper zero point pin I 703; II. The two-stage cylinder 402 retracts at one stage, driving the entire laser cutting mechanism 7 to move backward until the upper zero point pin I 703 enters the zero point chuck I 305 and is clamped; III. The zero point chuck II 404 is released, the two-stage cylinder 402 retracts at the second stage, and the lower zero point pin I 704 is disengaged from the zero point chuck II 404; IV. The motor 304 operates to move the slider 302 upward, and the zero point chuck I 305 drives the entire laser cutting mechanism 7 to move upward through the connected upper zero point pin I 703; V. The A / C swing head 401 descends and swings along the A-axis to return to its original position, and the head replacement reset action is completed.

[0094] ⑨Processing is completed.

[0095] 2. When performing laser welding, select the laser welding process in the CNC system interface of the operating platform 801. The welding process can be divided into welding and wire welding. Perform the following steps:

[0096] ① Start the automatic head change program: I. The A / C swing head 401 rotates 90 degrees along the C axis so that the cylinder 402, the FID reader 403, and the parts chuck I 404 are all located below the laser welding mechanism 5. At the same time, the A / C swing head 401 swings along the A axis so that the outer surface M of the cylinder 402 is parallel to the inner surface N2 of the mounting plate II 505, and rises to the head change position; II. The motor 304 works to make the slider 302 move downward, and the zero point chuck II 305 drives the entire laser welding mechanism to move downward through the upper zero point pin II 503 connected to it until the lower The zero point pin II 504 is horizontally aligned with the zero point chuck I 404; III. The first stage of the two-stage cylinder 402 is extended, and the lower zero point pin II 504 enters the zero point chuck I 404. The PLC program controls the electromagnet to open the ventilation so that the zero point chuck I 404 clamps the lower zero point pin II 504; IV. The zero point chuck II 305 is pneumatically loosened, and the second stage of the two-stage cylinder 402 is extended to disengage the upper zero point pin II 503 and the zero point chuck II 305; V. The motor 304 works to move the slider 302 upward, the upper head changing mechanism 3 is reset, and the head changing action is completed.

[0097] ② Check whether the head change position is in place: the proximity switch 306 detects whether the head change position is in the empty blade state, and at the same time the RFID reader 403 reads the information of the RFID chip II 502 to identify whether the laser head is the laser welding head 501: if it is determined to be in both the empty blade state and the laser welding head 501 state, it means that the head change is in place and correct, and the next step is carried out; if it is not the empty blade state, the laser welding head 501, or both, then return to step 1 to change the head;

[0098] ③ Start the processing program: The CNC system controls the two X-axis motors to drive the gantry 210 to move along the track 211 in the X direction, the Y-axis motor to drive the slide 212 to move along the crossbeam of the gantry 210 in the Y direction, and the Z-axis motor to drive the ram 213 to move along the slide 212 in the Z direction. That is, the laser welding mechanism is controlled by the XYZ three-axis linkage to move to the starting processing position of the workpiece placed on the workbench 1;

[0099] ④ Turn on the compressed gas and protective gas through PLC;

[0100] ⑤ The idle blade state detected by the proximity switch 306 and the information of the laser welding head 501 read by the RFID reader 403 are used as the limiting conditions for opening the laser welding head shutter in the laser generator. After the state is correct, the laser generator 803 is powered on, the corresponding laser welding head shutter opens to emit light, and the laser welding head 501 starts to move and moves along the preset trajectory; if it is filler wire welding, the PLC program will control the wire feeder 804 to output wire; at the same time, the weld detection device 507 will feed back the detection data to the system to detect the welding quality;

[0101] ⑥ After the processing is completed, the laser generator 803 stops emitting light, the laser welding head 501 stops moving, the laser generator 803 is powered off, and the shielding gas and compressed gas are turned off with a delay; if it is filler wire welding, the PLC program controls the wire feeder 804 to stop feeding wire and perform the wire retraction action.

[0102] ⑦ Repeat the above process for the new workpiece. If the processing technology needs to be changed, the head needs to be replaced and reset;

[0103] ⑧Execute the head replacement reset procedure: I. The motor 304 works to move the slider 302 downward until the zero point chuck II 305 is horizontally aligned with the upper zero point pin II 503; II. The two-stage cylinder 402 retracts at one stage, driving the entire laser welding mechanism 5 to move backward until the upper zero point pin II 503 enters the zero point chuck II 305 and is clamped; III. The zero point chuck I 404 is released, the two-stage cylinder 402 retracts at the second stage, and the lower zero point pin II 504 is disengaged from the zero point chuck I 404; IV. The motor 304 works to move the slider 302 upward, and the zero point chuck II 305 drives the entire laser welding mechanism 5 to move upward through the connected upper zero point pin II 503; V. The A / C swing head 401 descends and rotates -90° along the C axis. At the same time, the A / C swing head 401 swings along the A axis to return to its original position, and the head replacement reset action is completed.

[0104] ⑨Processing is completed.

[0105] 3. When performing laser cladding processing, select the laser cladding processing technology in the CNC system interface of the operating platform 801 and perform the following steps:

[0106] ① Start the automatic head change program: I. The A / C swing head 401 rotates -90° along the C axis so that the cylinder 402, the FID reader 403, and the part chuck I 404 are all located below the laser cladding mechanism 6. At the same time, the A / C swing head 401 swings along the A axis so that the outer surface M of the cylinder 402 is parallel to the inner surface N3 of the mounting plate III 605, and rises to the head change position; II. The motor 304 works to make the slider 302 move downward, and the zero point chuck II 305 drives the entire laser cladding mechanism downward through the upper zero point pin III 603 connected thereto until The lower zero point pin III 604 is horizontally aligned with the zero point chuck I 404; III. The first stage of the two-stage cylinder 402 is extended, and the lower zero point pin III 604 enters the zero point chuck I 404. The electromagnet is controlled by the PLC program to open the ventilation so that the zero point chuck I 404 clamps the lower zero point pin III 604; IV. The zero point chuck II 305 is pneumatically loosened, and the second stage of the two-stage cylinder 402 is extended to disengage the upper zero point pin III 603 and the zero point chuck II 305; V. The motor 304 works to move the slider 302 upward, the upper head changing mechanism 3 is reset, and the head changing action is completed.

[0107] ② Check whether the head change position is in place: the proximity switch 306 detects whether the head change position is in the empty tool state. At the same time, the RFID reader 403 reads the information of the RFID chip III 602 to identify whether the laser head is the laser cladding head 601. If it is determined to be in both the empty tool state and the laser cladding head 601 state, it means that the head change is in place and correct, and the next step is carried out. If it is neither the empty tool state nor the laser cladding head 601, or both, then return to step 1 to change the head.

[0108] ③ Start the processing program: The CNC system controls the two X-axis motors to drive the gantry 210 to move along the track 211 in the X direction, the Y-axis motor to drive the slide 212 to move along the crossbeam of the gantry 210 in the Y direction, and the Z-axis motor to drive the ram 213 to move along the slide 212 in the Z direction. That is, the laser cladding mechanism is controlled by the XYZ three-axis linkage to move to the starting processing position of the workpiece placed on the workbench 1;

[0109] ④ Turn on the compressed gas and protective gas through PLC;

[0110] ⑤ The idle tool status detected by the proximity switch 306 and the information of the laser cladding head 601 read by the RFID reader 403 are used as the limiting conditions for opening the laser cladding head shutter in the laser generator. After the status is correct, the laser generator 803 is powered on, the corresponding laser cladding head shutter opens to emit light, and the laser cladding head 601 begins to move and moves along the preset trajectory; at the same time, the PLC program controls the powder feeder 805 to feed powder.

[0111] ⑥ After the processing is completed, the laser generator 801 stops emitting light, the laser cladding head 601 stops moving, the laser generator 801 is powered off, and the shielding gas and compressed gas are turned off with a delay; at the same time, the PLC program controls the powder feeder 805 to stop feeding powder.

[0112] ⑦ Repeat the above process for the new workpiece. If the processing technology needs to be changed, the head needs to be replaced and reset;

[0113] ⑧ Execute the head replacement reset procedure: I. The motor 304 operates to move the slider 302 downward until the zero point chuck II 305 is horizontally aligned with the upper zero point pin III 603; II. The two-stage cylinder 402 retracts at one stage, driving the entire laser cladding mechanism 6 to move backward until the upper zero point pin III 603 enters the zero point chuck II 305 and is clamped; III. The zero point chuck I 404 is released, the two-stage cylinder 402 retracts at the second stage, and the lower zero point pin III 604 is disengaged from the zero point chuck I 404; IV. The motor 304 operates to move the slider 302 upward, and the zero point chuck II 305 drives the entire laser cladding mechanism 6 to move upward through the connected upper zero point pin III 603; V. The A / C swing head 401 descends and rotates 90° along the C axis. At the same time, the A / C swing head 401 swings along the A axis to return to its original position, and the head replacement reset action is completed.

[0114] ⑨Processing is completed.

[0115] According to the specific processing technology of the workpiece, any combination of the above three processing technologies can be selected, so the processing is flexible and can meet various needs.

[0116] In summary, the present invention provides a multifunctional five-axis laser composite machining device with automatic head change. By automatically changing tools, it enables any combination of laser cutting, laser welding, and laser cladding, thereby significantly improving production efficiency, significantly saving costs, and conserving equipment space. This is particularly convenient for processes such as laser cutting, laser cladding, and laser welding to be performed on a single workpiece.

[0117] The most important thing about the device of the present invention is how to realize the conversion between different processing mechanisms, that is, changing the head, so as to use one device to combine different processing steps to complete the processing of the workpiece. Therefore, the three laser processing mechanisms are only specific embodiments and can be replaced with other processing mechanisms.

[0118] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multifunctional laser composite five-axis processing equipment with automatic head change, characterized by: It includes a numerical control system, a workbench (1), a moving part (2), a head-changing part, and a processing part. The moving part (2) is arranged above the workbench (1). The head-changing part is connected to the moving part, and the processing part is connected to the head-changing part. The head-changing part includes a lower head-changing mechanism (4) and three upper head-changing mechanisms (3). The processing part includes three different laser processing mechanisms, namely a laser cutting mechanism (7), a laser welding mechanism (5), and a laser cladding mechanism (6). In a non-processing state, the three laser processing mechanisms are respectively connected to the three upper head-changing mechanisms (3). In a processing state, the one that performs processing The laser processing mechanism is separated from the upper head changing mechanism (3) and connected to the lower head changing mechanism (4); the numerical control system is electrically connected to the moving component (2), the head changing component, and the processing component; the moving component (2) includes an X-direction moving component, a Y-direction moving component, and a Z-direction moving component; the X-direction moving component includes a gantry (210) and two rails (211); the gantry (210) is mounted on the workbench (1), and the two rails (211) are arranged on both sides of the workbench (1); the gantry (210) moves forward and backward in the X direction along the rails (211); the Y-direction moving component includes a slide (212), and the slide (212) is arranged The gantry (210) is arranged in front of the crossbeam and moves left and right in the Y direction along the crossbeam; the Z-moving component includes a ram (213), which is arranged inside the slide seat (212) and moves up and down in the Z direction along the mating surface of the two; the lower head-changing mechanism (4) is connected to the ram (213), and the three upper head-changing mechanisms (3) are respectively fixed on the front left and right surfaces of the slide seat (212); a lower head-changing mechanism (4) includes an A / C swing head (401), a two-stage cylinder (402), an RFID reader (403), and a zero-point chuck I (404); the A / C swing head (401) The upper end of the upper head changing mechanism (3) is connected to the ram (213), the RFID reader (403) and the two-stage cylinder (402) are fixed in front of the A / C swing head (401), and the RFID reader (403) is located above the two-stage cylinder (402), and the zero point chuck I (404) is connected to the two-stage cylinder (402); the three upper head changing mechanisms (3) have the same structure, and each upper head changing mechanism (3) includes a guide rail (301), a slider (302), a lead screw (303), a motor (304), a zero point chuck II (305), a proximity switch (306), a bottom plate (307), and a top plate (308);The motor (304) is fixed on the top plate (308), one end of the lead screw (303) passes through the top plate (308) and is connected to the motor (304), and the other end passes through the slider (302) and is connected to the bottom plate (307). The zero point chuck II (305) and the proximity switch (306) are fixed in front of the slider (302), and the zero point chuck II (305) is located above the proximity switch (306). The back of the slider (302) is connected to the guide The guide rail (301) is connected, and the upper and lower ends of the guide rail (301) are respectively fixed to the top plate (308) and the bottom plate (307), and the bottom plate (307) and the top plate (308) are both fixed on the slide (212); the laser cutting mechanism (7) includes a laser cutting head (701), an RFID chip I (702), an upper zero point pin I (703), a lower zero point pin I (704), a mounting plate I (705), and a three-dimensional drag chain I (706); The upper zero point pin I (703) and the lower zero point pin I (704) are respectively fixed to the upper and lower parts of the rear of the mounting plate I (705), the RFID chip I (702) is embedded in the mounting plate I (705), the laser cutting head (701) is fixed in front of the mounting plate I (705), and the three-dimensional drag chain I (706) is connected to the upper part of the laser cutting head (701); in the non-working state, the upper zero point pin I (703) is connected to the zero point chuck II (305), and in the working state, the lower zero point pin I (704) is connected to the zero point chuck I (404).

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser welding mechanism (5) includes a laser welding head (501), an RFID chip II (502), an upper zero point pin II (503), a lower zero point pin II (504), a mounting plate II (505), a three-dimensional drag chain II (506), and a weld detection device (507); the upper zero point pin II (503) and the lower zero point pin II (504) are respectively fixed to the upper and lower parts behind the mounting plate II (505), and the RFID chip II (502) is embedded in the mounting plate II (505). In plate II (505), the laser welding head (501) is fixed in front of the mounting plate II (505), the three-dimensional drag chain II (506) is connected to the top of the laser welding head (501), and the weld detection device (507) is connected to the side of the laser welding head (501); in the non-working state, the upper zero point pin II (503) is connected to the zero point chuck II (305), and in the working state, the lower zero point pin II (504) is connected to the zero point chuck I (404).

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser cladding mechanism (6) comprises a laser cladding head (601), an RFID chip III (602), an upper zero point pin III (603), a lower zero point pin III (604), a mounting plate III (605), and a three-dimensional drag chain III (606); the upper zero point pin III (603) and the lower zero point pin III (604) are respectively fixed to the upper and lower parts of the rear of the mounting plate III (605), the RFID chip III (602) is embedded in the mounting plate III (605), the laser cladding head (601) is fixed to the front of the mounting plate III (605), and the three-dimensional drag chain III (606) is connected to the upper part of the laser cladding head (601); in a non-working state, the upper zero point pin III (603) is connected to the zero point chuck II (305), and in a working state, the lower zero point pin III (604) is connected to the zero point chuck I (404).

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the upper zero point pin and the lower zero point pin is L, the maximum value of the distance between the center of the zero point chuck II (305) and the center of the zero point chuck I (404) is L1, and the minimum value is L2. In order to ensure the success of the head replacement, the value range of L is L2≤L≤L1; The maximum value L1 is the distance between the center of the zero point chuck II (305) and the center of the zero point chuck I (404) when the slider (302) rises to the highest limit position, and the minimum value L2 is the distance between the center of the zero point chuck II (305) and the center of the zero point chuck I (404) when the slider (302) falls to the lowest limit position.

5. A method for processing a workpiece using the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4 comprises: selecting a specific processing technique on an interface of a numerical control system operating platform according to the type of laser processing required for the workpiece, and then performing the following steps: ① Start the automatic head changing program: rotate the lower head changing mechanism to the bottom of the laser processing mechanism corresponding to the specific processing technology, and connect the laser processing mechanism to the lower head changing mechanism through the cooperation of the upper and lower head changing mechanisms, and then separate it from the upper head changing mechanism to complete the head changing of the laser processing mechanism; ② Check whether the head change is in place: The proximity switch in the upper head change mechanism detects whether the laser head is not on the upper head change mechanism. If not, it is in the empty blade state: If it is determined to be in the empty blade state, it means that the head change is in place and the next step is to proceed; if it is not in the empty blade state, return to step ① to change the head; ③ Start the processing program, that is, control the laser processing mechanism to move to the starting processing position of the workpiece placed on the workbench through the XYZ three-axis linkage; ④ Turn on the compressed gas and protective gas through PLC; ⑤ The empty tool state detected by the proximity switch is used as the limiting condition for opening the laser processing head shutter. After the PLC reads the state correctly, the laser is powered on, the corresponding laser processing head shutter opens to emit light, and the laser processing head starts to move and walks along the preset trajectory; ⑥ After the processing is completed, the laser stops emitting light, the laser head stops moving, the laser is powered off, and the protective gas and compressed gas are turned off in a delayed manner; ⑦ Repeat the above process for the new workpiece. If the processing technology needs to be changed, the head needs to be replaced and reset; ⑧Execute the head replacement reset procedure, the upper head replacement mechanism moves to the top of the lower head replacement mechanism, and the laser processing mechanism is connected to the upper head replacement mechanism and then separated from the lower head replacement mechanism through the cooperation of the upper head replacement mechanism and the lower head replacement mechanism, completing the head replacement reset of the laser processing mechanism; ⑨Processing is completed.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: The specific steps of step ① starting the automatic head changing program are: I. The lower head changing mechanism (4) is positioned below the laser processing mechanism through the A / C swing head (401), and then rises to the head changing position; II. The motor (304) operates to move the slider (302) downward, and the zero point chuck II (305) drives the entire laser processing mechanism downward through the connected upper zero point pin until the lower zero point pin is horizontally aligned with the zero point chuck I (404); III. The first stage of the two-stage cylinder (402) is extended, and the zero point chuck I (404) clamps the lower zero point pin; IV. The zero point chuck II (305) is released, and the second stage of the two-stage cylinder (402) is extended, and the upper zero point pin and the zero point chuck II (305) are disengaged; V. The motor (304) operates to move the slider (302) upward, and the head changing action is completed.

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein: Step ② checks whether the head change is in place: while the proximity switch is used to detect the empty knife state, the RFID reader is used to read the information of the RFID chip to identify whether the laser head is the laser head to be used for the processing process: if it is determined to be the laser head for the processing process, it indicates that the head change is correct and the next step is performed; if it is not the laser head for the processing process, the head change is returned to step ① to change the head; in step ⑤, the PLC reads the empty knife state detected by the proximity switch (306) for judgment, and the RFID processor (802) judges the information read by the RFID reader (403). After the double judgment, the correctness and position of the head change are used as the limiting conditions for opening the processing head light gate in the laser generator to ensure safety.

8. The method according to claim 5, wherein: The specific steps of step ③ starting the processing program are: the numerical control system controls the two X-axis motors to drive the gantry (210) to move along the X direction on the track (211), the Y-axis motor drives the slide (212) to move along the Y direction along the crossbeam of the gantry (210), and the Z-axis motor drives the ram (213) to move along the Z-axis through the slide (212); that is, the laser processing head is controlled to move to the processing position of the workpiece on the workbench (1) through the three-axis linkage.

9. The method according to claim 5, wherein: The specific steps of step ⑧ performing the head replacement reset procedure are: I. the motor (304) operates to move the slider (302) downward until the zero point chuck II (305) is horizontally aligned with the upper zero point pin; II. The first stage of the two-stage cylinder (402) is retracted, and the upper zero point pin enters the zero point chuck II (305) and is clamped; III. The zero point chuck I (404) is released, and the second stage of the two-stage cylinder (402) is retracted, and the zero point chuck I (404) is disengaged from the lower zero point pin; IV. The motor (304) operates to move the slider (302) upward, and the zero point chuck II (305) drives the entire laser processing mechanism to move upward through the connected upper zero point pin; V. The A / C swing head (401) descends and returns to its original position, and the head replacement and reset action is completed.

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