Structural plain bearing and structural bearing system

Abstract

The invention relates to a structural plain bearing (210) for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component. The structural plain bearing (210) has a bearing housing (212) which can be connected to the first structural component, a plain plate (216) which can be connected to the second structural component, and an intermediate bearing assembly (214) which is arranged between the bearing housing (212) and the plain plate (216), wherein a primary sliding surface (226) of the structural plain bearing (210) is arranged between the intermediate bearing assembly (214) and the plain plate (216). The primary sliding surface (226) has at least two partial sliding surfaces (228A) and (228B), each of which is disposed in a sliding plane (230A) and (230B) which is angled relative to one another, the sliding planes (230A) and (230B) intersecting in a common intersection line (S) which forms a movement axis (A) of the structural plain bearing (210) along which the plain plate (216) can be moved. The two sliding planes (230A) and (230B) subtend a first angle (a), the first angle (a) being chosen such that, when the structural plain bearing (210) is in use, no gaps occur in the region of the primary sliding surface (226). Furthermore, the invention relates to a structural bearing system (700) in which the advantageous principles of the structural plain bearing (210) apply.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The invention relates to a structural sliding bearing for connecting first and second structural components and to a structural bearing system having at least two sliding bearings for connecting at least two structural components. BACKGROUND

[0002] A general structural sliding bearing generally has a bearing housing which can be connected to a first structural component, a sliding plate which can be connected to a second structural component, and an intermediate bearing element which is arranged between the bearing housing and the sliding plate. A primary sliding surface of the structural sliding bearing is generally thus provided between the intermediate bearing element and the sliding plate, along which the sliding plate can slide in the state of use of the structural sliding bearing. Several such structural sliding bearings together form a structural bearing system and have a corresponding number of connection points between the respective structural components.

[0003] Such structural sliding bearings or structural bearing systems for connecting a wide variety of structural components are well known from the prior art.

[0004] The structural sliding bearing generally transmits vertical and horizontal loads and allows, if necessary, rotation and relative displacement. It is thus a special type of structural sliding bearing which is generally used for any type of structure, such as in particular bridges, girders and any type of building or components thereof, in particular for road and rail transport. It thus allows relative movements between the two components of the structure in question which can be caused by the use of the structure or also by any external influences such as wind or earthquakes. Damage to the corresponding structure can thus be avoided in particular in the case of use of such a structural sliding bearing or corresponding structural bearing system.

[0005] Various designs and operating modes of structural sliding bearings are known from the DIN EN 1337 standard. Depending on the design and operating mode, they have different structures and different numbers of degrees of freedom. The structural sliding bearings can thus be designed as bearings which are fixed on all sides or as bearings which can be displaced to all sides or to one side. According to the DIN 4141-13 standard, there are also solutions for converting guide bearings into fixed bearings using locking devices. The invention relates in particular to structural sliding bearings with single-axis guidance or unidirectional displacement, in which a specific axial displacement of the sliding plate along the primary sliding surface is thereby made possible. Fixed bearings which are converted later are also relevant to the invention. Such single-axis guidance structural sliding bearings can be implemented for example as pot bearings or as spherical bearings. Both types of structural sliding bearings are shown schematically in Figure 1 and 2 and are briefly explained below.

[0006] Figure 1A single-axis guiding structure sliding bearing in the form of a so-called pot bearing 10 known from the prior art is shown. As can be seen from the figure, the pot bearing 10 has a pot body 12 as a bearing housing which can be connected to a first structural component. The pot body 12 comprises a machined recess 14 for accommodating an elastic pad 16, an inner seal 18 and a pot cover 20 which is an intermediate bearing component of the pot bearing 10. The pot cover 20 closes the opening of the pot body 12 and rests exactly on the elastic pad 16 arranged thereunder. Above the pot cover 20 a sliding plate 22 is arranged which is connected to a second structural component. Both the pot cover 20 and the sliding plate 22 are oriented horizontally, so that a horizontal primary sliding surface 24 of the pot bearing 10 extends between these two components. For this purpose, a sliding material 26 is arranged on the pot cover 20 to reduce the friction between the pot cover 20 and the sliding plate 22. This results in the sliding plate 22 sliding along the primary sliding surface 24 with as little resistance as possible.

[0007] The pot bearing 10 can thus absorb and transmit induced forces or loads vertically via the sliding plate 22, the horizontal primary sliding surface 24, the pot cover 20 and the elastic pad 16 to the underlying pot body 12. At the same time, the elastic pad 16 allows arbitrary rotation of the pot bearing 10. This occurs by the exact sinking of the elastic pad 16 in the area of the induced forces by the pot cover 20. The inner seal 18 is arranged in such a way that as soon as a compressive load occurs on the elastic pad 16, the elastic pad 16 is pressed out through the gap between the pot wall and the pot cover 20. In addition, an outer seal can be arranged between the pot cover 20 and the pot body 12 to keep moisture and dirt away from the corresponding gap.

[0008] In addition, the pot bearing 10 has a central guide rail 28 to enable single-axis displaceability of the sliding plate 22. In the area of the primary sliding surface 24, the central guide rail 28 is arranged above the pot cover 20 and engages with a corresponding slot of the sliding plate 22. The guide rail 28 thus defines a movement axis of the pot bearing 10, so that it can absorb all horizontal forces transverse to the sliding direction. Two sliding surfaces between the guide rail 28 and the sliding plate 22 are arranged vertically along the movement axis. The horizontal forces are thus applied orthogonally from both sides to the central guide rail 28 and can be effectively absorbed. The guide rail 28 also has a sliding material 30 along the two vertical sliding surfaces, which first lubricates the sliding surfaces. The friction between the guide rail 28 and the sliding plate 22 is thus reduced and facilitates the movement of the sliding plate 22 along the movement axis.

[0009] If, therefore, horizontal forces acting parallel to the course of the guide rail 28 act on the pot bearing 10, the sliding plate 22 is displaced relative to the underlying pot cover 20. The components of these forces are thus not absorbed and transmitted by the pot bearing 10. Corresponding movements of the structural components can thus be compensated.

[0010] For horizontal forces acting transversely to the guide rail 28, the situation is different. The sliding plate 22 cannot perform any horizontal movement transversely to the guide rail 28. This orientational force is therefore absorbed and transmitted by the guide rail 28 or the pot bearing 10. Corresponding movements of the structural assemblies cannot therefore be compensated.

[0011] In addition to the design shown, there are also solutions in which the guide rail is formed on the sliding plate and the slot is formed on the pot cover in turn. The basic functional principle described above for the degrees of freedom and the force transmission between the pot cover and the sliding plate applies accordingly here. Figure 1

[0012] Figure 2 An example of a single-axis guide structure sliding bearing known from the prior art in the form of a spherical bearing 110 is shown. The spherical bearing 110 comprises a bearing housing 112 which can be connected to a first structural assembly. Furthermore, the spherical bearing 110 comprises a cap 114 which is an intermediate bearing assembly of the spherical bearing 110. The cap 114 is convexly curved downwards and is accommodated in a corresponding recess at the top of the bearing housing 112. A secondary sliding surface 116 of the spherical bearing 110 or a secondary sliding surface is thus formed in the middle of the cap 114 and the bearing housing 112. A sliding material 118 is arranged in the region of the secondary sliding surface 116 to allow the cap 114 to be moved within the recess of the bearing housing 112 with as little resistance as possible. A sliding plate 120 sits above the cap, the sliding plate 120 being connectable to a second structural assembly. A primary horizontal sliding surface 122 of the spherical bearing 110 or a primary sliding surface is thus located between the cap 114 and the sliding plate 120. In the region of the primary sliding surface 122, a sliding material 124 is arranged on the cap 114 to reduce the friction between the cap 114 and the sliding plate 120. As a result, sliding of the sliding plate 24 along the primary sliding surface 122 with as little resistance as possible is also possible here.

[0013] The spherical bearing 110 can therefore absorb vertical forces or loads via the sliding plate 120, the horizontal primary sliding surface 122 and the cap 114 and transmit them to the bearing housing 112. At the same time, the convex curvature of the cap 114 and the accommodating recess of the bearing housing 112 allow corresponding rotation of the cap 114 or the spherical bearing 110. This occurs here by the cap 114 being slid along the secondary sliding surface 116.

[0014] ​In this embodiment, the single-axis guidance of the spherical bearing 110 is implemented by two horizontal lateral guides 126. On the side of the bearing housing 112, each of these is arranged adjacent to the primary sliding surface 122 in order to engage with the sliding plate 120. Thus, any horizontal forces that cross the two lateral guides 126 are also absorbed here, thereby defining the movement axis of the spherical bearing 110. Here, as in the case of the pot-shaped sliding bearing 10, each sliding surface between the two lateral sliding shoes 126 and the sliding plate 120 is formed perpendicularly to the movement axis. Since the horizontal forces act perpendicularly on the sliding surfaces of the two guides 126, a high force effect can also be effectively absorbed. Similarly, the two lateral guides 126 have a sliding material 128 in the region of the primary lubricated vertical sliding surface. Thus, the friction between the two guides 126 and the sliding plate 120 can be greatly reduced, which facilitates the corresponding movement of the sliding plate 120 along the movement axis.

[0015] Horizontal forces that act parallel to the two lateral guides 126 on the spherical bearing 110 cause the sliding plate 120 to be displaced relative to the underlying spherical bearing 110. Thus, these horizontal forces are not absorbed and transmitted by the spherical bearing 110. Accordingly, a corresponding movement of the structural assembly can be compensated.

[0016] For horizontal forces that act transversely to the two lateral guides 126, the opposite case occurs. The sliding plate 120 cannot perform a corresponding horizontal movement in this direction. Thus, this horizontally oriented force is absorbed by the two lateral guides 126 or is transmitted directly from the sliding plate 120 to the bearing housing 112. Accordingly, horizontal forces that run transversely to the two lateral guides 126 are absorbed by the spherical bearing 110. Thus, a corresponding movement of the structural assembly cannot be compensated.

[0017] Thus, in the single-axis guided structural sliding bearing in the described form, there is a functional separation between the transmission of vertical and horizontal forces. While the vertical loads are absorbed by the respective primary sliding surface of the intermediate bearing assembly, horizontal forces that act transversely to the movement axis are transmitted to the corresponding guide. As specified in DIN EN 1337-2:2004, clause 6.8, for bearings in the construction industry, the dimensions of the known structural sliding bearings are selected such that, in the state of use, no gaps occur in the region of the primary horizontal sliding surface. In the present disclosure, a gap is understood to be a local elevation within the sliding surface. Thus, for the load-carrying capacity of the structural sliding bearing, the total gap is determined.

[0018] According to the standard DIN EN 1990:2010-12 for the basis of structural design, the state of use extends up to and includes the state of serviceability. If the state of serviceability is exceeded, the prescribed conditions for the structure or component in the state of use are no longer met. Thus, the limit state, which influences the function of the structure or one of its components under normal conditions of use or comfort of the user or the outer appearance of the structure, is also divided into the state of serviceability.

[0019] Thus, in the case of a special structural sliding bearing or structural sliding system designed for extreme cases such as earthquakes, the state of use can still be assumed when the extreme case occurs. This applies, in particular, only after triggering of any emergency and buffer functions used in the extreme case. Here, for example, the sliding plate is implemented to be raised from the intermediate bearing assembly in a targeted manner in the state of use.

[0020] Although any orientation of the faces, axes and forces is described herein as horizontal or vertical for the sake of simplicity, it is not limited to horizontal or vertical planes or directions in the strict sense. In the present disclosure, such indications of orientation refer only to the plane of motion of the structural sliding bearing or structural sliding system. This applies in particular when the structural sliding bearing or structural sliding system is installed at an angle. Thus, in this case, the orientation of the horizontal main sliding face can differ from the horizontal plane in a narrower sense and can accordingly also be inclined. The same applies to the vertical guide faces arranged orthogonally thereto and the correspondingly described force effects.

[0021] While this verifies the principle of force transmission, it has been found that, in particular during the long-term use of such structural sliding bearings, a large amount of dust, dirt or other foreign bodies can accumulate in the region of the track structure. If no regular maintenance of the structural sliding bearing is carried out, this can cause increased wear of the sliding material or destroy the sliding properties of the structural sliding bearing. This is mainly due to the fact that in such track structures, in the region of the vertical sliding faces between the guide rail and the sliding plate, there is a certain amount of spacing between the respective components, which is unavoidable in theory. Thus, normally, when the structural sliding bearing is in the state of use, there is a gap in the region of the vertical guide faces. This spacing or gap also causes edge compression in the region of the guide faces. The result is an uneven force transmission within the structural sliding bearing, which can lead to increased and uneven wear of the sliding material. In addition, because of this spacing, the guide faces of the guide rail structure can only be lubricated at first, and a permanent supply of lubricant is not ensured. In addition, a sliding material must be used which is able to absorb high local compressions. Thus, here ultimately a sliding material is used which exhibits poor sliding properties because of the relatively high coefficient of friction and the relatively high wear.

[0022] In particular, the single-shaft construction sliding bearing with central guide rail can only be used to support very high forces to a limited extent. On the other hand, when two lateral guide rails are used, the rotation of the bearing about the vertical axis is impeded. Finally, the described construction sliding bearing exhibits a complex structure which requires a correspondingly high level of effort in terms of installation space as well as manufacturing and maintenance costs. The same disadvantages affect the construction bearing system featuring such a construction sliding bearing. SUMMARY

[0023] It is therefore the task of the present invention to provide an improved construction sliding bearing and construction bearing system which, on the one hand, is designed as simply as possible and, on the other hand, operates as long as possible without maintenance and reliably even when subjected to increased forces, so that costs and effort can be reduced during manufacturing and during use.

[0024] According to the invention, a solution to the above-mentioned problem is achieved with the construction sliding bearing according to claim 1 and the construction bearing system according to claim 21. Advantageous further embodiments of the invention result from the dependent claims 2 to 20 and 22 to 36.

[0025] The construction sliding bearing according to the invention is therefore characterized in that the main sliding surface has at least two partial sliding surfaces, each of which is arranged in an angularly offset sliding plane to one another, the sliding planes intersecting in a common intersection line, the common intersection line forming a movement axis of the construction sliding bearing along which the sliding plate can move. Furthermore, the two sliding planes comprise a first angle which is selected in such a way that in the state of use of the construction sliding bearing no gap occurs in the region of the primary sliding surface. In other words, a construction sliding bearing is provided which has no gaps in all sliding surfaces.

[0026] The two sliding surfaces of the primary sliding surface which are angularly offset to one another fulfill both the function of vertical force and horizontal force transmission within the construction sliding bearing. Any vertical forces acting transversely to the movement axis as well as horizontal forces can now be absorbed by the main sliding surface of the construction sliding bearing. As a result, the rail structure which was previously used centrally or laterally is no longer necessary, since its function is fully carried out by the primary sliding surface. As a result, the structure of the construction sliding bearing is greatly simplified and the corresponding manufacturing costs can be reduced. The installation space which was only partially available to a limited extent can also be significantly reduced. This applies not only to the omission of the rail structure, but also to the corresponding design of the sliding plate. Sections or recesses which engage with the rail structure are no longer necessary in or on the sliding plate, which means that the dimensions and in particular the thickness of the sliding plate can be reduced. The omission of the rail structure also eliminates the possibility of dirt and foreign bodies entering this area due to the lateral spacing of the movement.

[0027] By selection of the intersection angle or the first angle of the two partial sliding surfaces relative to each other, the maximum possible ratio of the vertical force to the horizontal force of the structural sliding bearing can be optimally adjusted. Thus, with a suitable selection of the intersection angle of the two partial sliding surfaces relative to each other, in the state of use of the structural sliding bearing, even with the maximum horizontal force combined with the corresponding minimum vertical force, a clearance in the region of the main sliding surface can be avoided. For example, if the structural sliding bearing is designed for higher horizontal loads, the two inclined partial sliding surfaces are designed so steeply relative to the acting horizontal force that in the state of use of the structural sliding bearing, no lifting of the sliding plate from the intermediate bearing assembly occurs. At the same time, however, in the region of the main sliding surface, a sliding material with the lowest possible friction can be used to facilitate the movement of the sliding plate in the direction of the movement axis.

[0028] Due to the constant and uniform compression in the region of the main sliding surface, permanent lubricated sliding materials, such as known from the standard DIN EN 1337-2:2004 for bearings in the construction industry, are now also suitable for the guide. These permanent lubricated sliding materials have a low coefficient of friction and are in particular low-wear. In tests carried out by the applicant, it has been possible to demonstrate that the resistance of the corresponding sliding material at the accumulated sliding distance in the primary sliding surface of the guide is up to 25 times higher than in the previously independently initially lubricated guide surface.

[0029] In addition, the two partial sliding surfaces angled relative to each other keep the sliding plate constantly self-centered on the center of the intermediate bearing assembly of the structural sliding bearing relative to the movement axis. Thus, optimally, the sliding plate is always positioned relative to the intermediate bearing assembly and a possible edge pressure along the movement axis can be avoided. Only because of the bearing spacing of the arbitrary lubricated guide rail, this no longer occurs.

[0030] Preferably, the primary sliding surface has exactly two, optimally only two partial sliding surfaces. It can thus be seen that the structural sliding bearing according to the invention is as simple as possible. The two inclined partial sliding surfaces can for example form a continuous primary sliding surface which is only curved once in the region of the movement axis. Here, in addition to the mutually angled sliding planes, the two mutually inclined partial sliding surfaces thus also intersect along the movement axis. Alternatively, in the respective sliding plane, the two inclined partial sliding surfaces can be formed independently of each other.

[0031] Preferably, the structural sliding bearing is a single-axis guide structural sliding bearing, in which the sliding plate can only be moved relative to the intermediate bearing assembly along the movement axis. This ensures that the structural sliding bearing does not permit a movement of the sliding plate relative to the intermediate bearing assembly further than those. Thus, in particular, the structural sliding bearing can be used when a horizontal movement in a single direction is to be permitted.

[0032] Preferably, the two sliding plates are arranged such that the intersection line is oriented horizontally. This means that the movement axis of the structural sliding bearing is also horizontal. With this configuration, the structural sliding bearing is loaded as equally as possible with regard to force transmission. Furthermore, the sliding plates can be moved at an equal resistance in both directions of the movement axis at a constant speed. As explained above, this horizontal alignment should be understood with reference to the movement plane of the structural sliding bearing. Thus, in a narrow sense, the intersection line can also have a different orientation than the horizontal line.

[0033] Advantageously, the first angle is chosen such that in the final limit state of the structural sliding bearing no gap occurs in the area of the primary sliding surface. The final limit state occurs if the load on the structural sliding bearing is increased further from the state of use. According to the standard DIN EN 1990:2010-12 on the basis of structural data, this state involves a collapse or other form of structural failure. Thus, those limit states are also classified as final limit states which also affect the safety of persons and / or the safety of the structure. This has the advantage that even in this state it is ensured that no gap occurs in the area of the primary sliding surface or that the sliding plate is not lifted from the intermediate bearing assembly.

[0034] Advantageously, the primary sliding surface has a permanently lubricated sliding material, preferably with PTFE, UHMWPE, POM and / or PA. Because of the permanently lubricated sliding material in the area of the primary sliding surface, the friction between the sliding plate and the intermediate bearing assembly can be significantly reduced. Because of the at least two partial sliding surfaces which are angled relative to each other, a sliding material with a low coefficient of friction can be used here. High levels of force can be absorbed by the corresponding intersection angle of the angled partial sliding surfaces. This facilitates the sliding of the sliding plate along the movement axis. Preferably, the sliding material has a coefficient of friction of not more than 0.03 for the rated compression value in the sliding material.

[0035] Advantageously, the sliding material has at least one lubricated sliding disc, which preferably has at least one lubrication groove. The prefabricated lubrication groove can store lubricant and distribute it uniformly over the sliding surface. This results in a particularly low-wear sliding material with a low coefficient of friction. This facilitates the sliding of the sliding plate along the movement axis and prolongs the maintenance intervals of the structural sliding bearing.

[0036] Preferably, the at least two partial sliding surfaces which are angled towards each other are arranged such that the corresponding sliding planes form a gable roof shape. The gable roof is designed such that the intersection line or the movement axis forms the ridge of the gable roof. The shape of the gable roof has the particular advantage that the accumulation of dirt and foreign bodies in the area of the at least two partial sliding surfaces which are angled towards each other can be avoided as much as possible. This applies in particular in the area of the movement axis, since this is the highest point of the gable roof as the roof ridge.

[0037] Preferably, the at least two partial sliding surfaces which are angled with respect to one another are arranged such that the corresponding sliding planes form a head- down hip roof shape. Here, the hip roof is designed such that the intersection line or the movement axis also forms the ridge of the hip roof. Due to the head-down roof shape, the center of the sliding plate can be made stronger than the edges, without further installation space being required in the vertical direction, which thus bears the greatest load. Thus, although the load is increased, installation space can still be saved once again.

[0038] Furthermore, the at least two partial sliding surfaces which are angled with respect to one another can be formed symmetrically with respect to one another in conjunction with a symmetry plane which runs obliquely in the vertical direction. The symmetrical arrangement of the at least two mutually oblique partial sliding surfaces results in the sliding plate improving its positioning on the central bearing assembly. In addition, it is advantageous if the displacement of the sliding plate along the movement axis in both directions is as equal as possible in the case of a balanced force application from all sides. In addition, the design of the structural sliding bearing is simple and thus cost-effective to manufacture. As explained further above, this vertical direction is to be understood with reference to the movement plane of the architectural sliding bearing. Thus, in a narrow sense, the vertical direction can also have a different orientation from the vertical.

[0039] Preferably, the at least two sliding surfaces which are angled with respect to one another of the primary sliding surface are of different size. This design is particularly advantageous when different magnitudes of horizontal forces act on the structural sliding bearing from different directions. Thus, the structural sliding bearing according to the application can be designed in particular such that it can absorb greater forces from a certain horizontal direction transverse to the movement axis than from the opposite direction. This ensures that even if the forces are not applied uniformly, no gaps occur or the sliding plate is still raised. Alternatively or additionally, the two opening angles between the symmetry plane and the respective oblique partial sliding surface can also be of different size.

[0040] Advantageously, the at least one sliding plane is inclined with respect to the horizontal by a second angle, which is between 0° and 10°, preferably 6°. For the sake of clarity, it is pointed out here that the boundary value of 0° is not to be considered as included in the range indicated, since the inclined arrangement of the guide plane with respect to the horizontal. For a steeper second angle, a corresponding higher horizontal force transverse to the movement axis can be absorbed by the respective oblique partial sliding surface. At the same time, in the region of the primary sliding surface, a sliding material with a low coefficient of friction can still be used. On the one hand, this prevents gaps or even the lifting of the sliding plate from the central bearing assembly. On the other hand, it ensures that the sliding plate moves along the movement axis with as little resistance as possible. As explained further above, this horizontal direction is to be understood with reference to the movement plane of the structural sliding bearing. Thus, in a narrow sense, the horizontal can also have a different orientation from the horizontal plane. Preferably, in particular, the second angle corresponds at least to the friction to be applied to the design.

[0041] Furthermore, the first angle can be between 160 and 180 degrees, preferably 168 degrees. For the sake of clarity, it is pointed out that, because of the angular arrangement of the sliding planes to one another, the edge value 180 degrees is not to be considered as included in the range indicated. For a sharper first angle, a correspondingly higher level force transverse to the movement axis can be absorbed by the respective deflected partial sliding surface. At the same time, in the region of the primary sliding surface, it is still possible to use a sliding material with a low coefficient of friction. On the one hand, this prevents a gap or even the lifting of the sliding plate from the intermediate bearing assembly. On the other hand, it ensures that the sliding plate moves along the movement axis with as little resistance as possible.

[0042] Preferably, the sliding plate is multi-component, and the distance between the respective sliding plate components is adjustable. With this arrangement of the structural sliding bearing according to the application, a simple height adjustment is provided. In particular, it is possible to adjust the distance between the sliding plate or the sliding plate components and the bearing seat. Thus, the distance between the two structural components is changed accordingly. Advantageously, the sliding plate is divided into two sliding plate components. In this simplest case, one sliding plate component is arranged along each of the two mutually deflected partial sliding surfaces. If the two sliding plate components are now pushed synchronously towards or away from one another along the corresponding sliding planes transverse to the movement axis, the horizontal distance between the two sliding plate components of the structural sliding bearing and the bearing seat also changes. On the other hand, for example, if only one of the two sliding plate components is displaced in this way, or if the two sliding plate components are displaced asynchronously, the second structural component is tilted in its position relative to the first structural component.

[0043] The structural sliding bearing is also designed as a pad bearing, wherein the intermediate bearing assembly has a pad cover and the bearing seat has a pad body with a spring pad. By means of the pad cover and the underlying spring pad, vertical forces can be effectively transmitted from the sliding plate to the pad body. At the same time, a torsion between the sliding plate and the pad body is made possible.

[0044] Alternatively, the structural sliding bearing is designed as a spherical bearing, wherein the intermediate bearing assembly has a cap. The cap has a convex portion and the bearing seat has a corresponding concave portion, and the convex portion of the cap is arranged to slide in the concave portion of the bearing seat. Likewise, by means of the cap, forces acting vertically are effectively transmitted from the sliding plate to the bearing seat. Similarly, a torsion between the sliding plate and the bearing seat is made possible. In combination with the design of at least two mutually deflected partial sliding surfaces in the form of a head-down hip roof, a significant reduction in the offset from the acting horizontal forces is also achieved. At the same time, the sliding plate is thicker in the centre than at the edges, where the greatest stresses occur. This means that the entire sliding plate can be thinner and thus more economically produced.

[0045] Preferably, the recess of the bearing seat has a recess at the lower pole, so that in the area of the recess the convexity of the cap does not come into contact with the recess of the bearing seat. The lower pole is to be understood as the lowest point of the recess of the bearing seat. The recess at the lower pole increases the radius of inertia, while the outer diameter remains the same, by reducing the pressure area, increasing the pressure, so that the resistance to friction and thus to torsion, i.e. the acting torque, is reduced. This reduces the risk of forming a gap. Accordingly, the counter-compression from the acting vertical load is increased compared to the compression from the elevated horizontal force. This ratio can be controlled by the diameter of the recess. Thus, on the one hand, even greater forces can be absorbed by the structural slide bearing, even without increasing the primary slide surface. On the other hand, the structural slide bearing can be adjusted independently of the design of the partial slide surfaces, which are inclined to each other in at least two primary slide surfaces. Thus, the selection of the first angle and the selection of the diameter of the recess offer the possibility of adjusting the ratio of the absorbable vertical force to the horizontal force.

[0046] Preferably, the recess is circular with the lower pole as the center. Because of this arrangement, an equal influence of the absorbable vertical force and the horizontal force from different directions of action is achieved. Similarly, any force acting on the bearing is transmitted uniformly from the cap to the lower assembly of the bearing. Elliptical recesses with a corresponding displacement of the equal force transmission can also be considered.

[0047] Advantageously, a sliding material, preferably a polymer slide disc, is arranged on the recess of the lower assembly of the bearing, and the recess is formed in the sliding material. The sliding material or the polymer slide disc can reduce the friction in the area of the secondary slide surface of the ball bearing. For this purpose, the sliding material is essentially in contact with the convexity of the cap. Therefore, the recess in the sliding material avoids such contact with the cap in this area to achieve the advantages already discussed. In addition, the recess in the sliding material is also easy to manufacture. For example, a ring-shaped polymer slide pad can be used, which can be attached to the recess of the bearing seat in the area of the secondary slide surface.

[0048] Advantageously, the structural slide bearing further comprises at least one abutment between the slide plate and the bearing seat. The abutment can be designed in any way to limit the movement of the slide plate relative to the bearing seat to a predetermined extent. Thus, the structural slide bearing can also be converted into a fixed bearing. On the other hand, such a bearing has no play in the movement transverse to the partial slide surfaces, which are inclined to each other. On the other hand, it exhibits a low resistance to torsion.

[0049] The structural bearing system according to the application comprises at least two plain bearings which connect at least two structural components. Each plain bearing comprises a bearing seat which can be connected to a first structural component, a sliding plate which can be connected to a second structural component, and an intermediate bearing component which is arranged between the bearing seat and the sliding plate. At least one main flat sliding surface of the plain bearing is arranged between the intermediate bearing part and the sliding plate. Furthermore, the structural bearing system is characterized in that the two plain bearings form a pair of bearings in which a primary sliding surface of the first plain bearing is arranged in a first sliding plane which is angled to the horizontal and a primary sliding surface of the second plain bearing is arranged in a second sliding plane which is angled to the horizontal. The sliding planes intersect in a common intersection line which forms a movement axis of the pair of bearings along which the sliding plate can move.

[0050] The advantages of the structural plain bearing according to the application described above are achieved here with a corresponding structural bearing system. The two primary sliding surfaces of the first and second plain bearings which are inclined to one another achieve the functional unification of the vertical and horizontal force transmission within the pair of bearings and thus within the entire structural plain system. Thus, any vertical forces acting transversely to the movement axis as well as horizontal forces can now be absorbed by the primary sliding surfaces of the first and second plain bearings. While the first plain bearing is able to absorb horizontal forces from only one specific direction transversely to the movement axis, horizontal forces from the opposite direction are absorbed by the second plain bearing. Thus, as a structural bearing system, the two plain bearings complement one another to enable the functions and advantages of the structural plain bearing described above.

[0051] Thus, since the horizontal force transmission is completely accomplished by the inclined primary sliding surfaces of the two plain bearings, here also any rail structure which is centrally or laterally installed is no longer necessary. This greatly simplifies the design of the individual plain bearings and thus the design of the corresponding structural bearing system. The corresponding manufacturing costs can be significantly reduced. It is also possible to reduce the installation space which is only partially available to a limited extent. This applies not only to the rail structure but also to the complementary sliding plate. A portion or groove which engages with the guide rail is no longer necessary in or on the sliding plate. Thus, it is possible to significantly reduce the size and in particular the thickness of the sliding plate. Similarly, the omission of the rail structure also eliminates the potential for dirt and foreign bodies to enter this area due to the lateral spacing of the movement. Finally, here it is also possible to use permanent lubricated sliding materials for the guide surfaces which have significantly lower friction and wear.

[0052] In addition, the two oblique sliding surfaces with respect to the two sliding bearings define a movement axis that successfully persists centrally of the system consisting of the two sliding plates and the connecting structure. Thus, the system is always positioned with respect to the middle bearing assembly of the two sliding bearings and possible edge stresses along the movement axis can be avoided. In addition, the bearing spacing of the guide rails used no longer occurs. Thus, this arrangement is particularly advantageous in the construction of bridges for high-speed railway lines. Here, it is essential to avoid corresponding lateral displacements.

[0053] For the two independent sliding plates of the two sliding bearings, a simple height adjustment is further provided. In particular, the distance between the two sliding plates and the respective bearing seat assembly can be adjusted. Accordingly, the distance between the two structural assemblies is also changed. If the two sliding plates are pushed towards each other or away from each other synchronously along the corresponding sliding planes transverse to the movement axis, the horizontal distance between the two sliding plates of the two sliding bearings and the respective bearing seat is also changed. On the other hand, for example, if only one of the two sliding plates is displaced in such a way, or if the two sliding plates are also present non-synchronously displaced, the second structural assembly is obliquely positioned in its position with respect to the first structural assembly. Alternatively, the two sliding plates can also be formed as a single piece.

[0054] As further explained above, this level should be understood with reference to the movement plane of the structural sliding system. Thus, in a narrow sense, the level can also have a different orientation than the horizontal plane.

[0055] Advantageously, the at least two sliding bearings are designed as sliding and tilting bearings. For example, spherical bearings can be considered, which bring the advantages described above. Alternatively, the at least two sliding bearings can be designed as elastomer bearings. In addition to their sliding properties, they also have a deformation property in the middle bearing assembly, which enables a particularly effective compensation of rotational and point loads.

[0056] Advantageously, the first sliding plane and the second sliding plane are arranged at a first angle, the first angle being chosen such that no gap occurs in the area of the primary sliding surface when the structural bearing system is in a state of use. Via the choice of the intersection angle or the first angle of the two primary sliding surfaces relative to each other, the ratio between the maximum possible vertical force and the horizontal force that can be absorbed by the structural bearing system can be optimally set. This can be achieved without having to adjust the individual primary sliding surface dimensions. In the case of a suitably chosen intersection angle of the two primary sliding surfaces relative to each other, in the state of use in which the structural bearing system is being used, a gap in the area of the primary sliding surface can be avoided even if the maximum horizontal force is combined with the corresponding minimum vertical force. For example, if the structural bearing system is designed for higher horizontal loads, the two oblique primary sliding surfaces are designed so steeply inclined relative to the respective horizontal force acting on them that in the state of use of the structural bearing system no gap or even lifting of the sliding plate from the respective intermediate bearing assembly occurs. At the same time, however, in the area of the primary sliding surface, a sliding material with the lowest possible friction can be used to facilitate the movement of the sliding plate in the direction of the movement axis as much as possible.

[0057] Preferably, the pair of bearings is a pair of single-axis guided bearings, wherein the sliding plate can only be moved relative to the intermediate bearing assembly along the movement axis. This ensures that the structural bearing system does not permit a movement of the sliding plate relative to the intermediate bearing assembly further than those. Thus, in particular, the structural bearing system can be used when a horizontal movement in a single direction is to be permitted.

[0058] Preferably, the first sliding plane and the second sliding plane are arranged such that the intersection line is horizontally oriented. Thus, the movement axis of the pair of bearings is also horizontally oriented. For such a configuration, the pair of bearings is equally loaded in terms of force transmission. Furthermore, the sliding plate can be moved at an equal resistance in both directions of the movement axis at a uniform speed. As explained earlier, the horizontal orientation should be understood with reference to the movement plane of the structural bearing system. Thus, in a narrow sense, the intersection line can also have a different orientation than the horizontal line.

[0059] Advantageously, the first angle is chosen such that in a final limit state of the structural bearing system no gap occurs in the area of the primary sliding surface. The final limit state occurs if the load on the structural bearing system is further increased from the state of use. According to the standard DIN EN 1990:2010-12, which is based on structural data, this state involves a collapse or other form of structural failure. Thus, also those limit states that affect the safety of people and / or the safety of the structure are classified as final limit states. Thus, even in this state, it is ensured that no gap occurs in the area of the primary sliding surface or that the sliding plate is not lifted from the intermediate bearing assembly.

[0060] Advantageously, at least one primary sliding surface has a permanently lubricated sliding material, preferably using PTFE, UHMWPE, POM and / or PA. The permanently lubricated sliding material in the area of the primary sliding surface can significantly reduce the friction between the sliding plate and the intermediate bearing assembly. Because of the oblique primary sliding surface, a sliding material with a low coefficient of friction can be used here. High levels of force can be absorbed by the primary sliding surface with the appropriate angle of intersection. This facilitates the sliding of the sliding plate along the movement axis. Preferably, the sliding material has a coefficient of friction of no more than 0.03 for the rated compression value in the sliding material.

[0061] Preferably, the sliding material has at least one lubricated sliding disc, which preferably has at least one lubrication groove. The prefabricated lubrication groove can store lubricant and distribute it uniformly over the sliding surface. This results in a particularly low-wear sliding material with a low coefficient of friction. This facilitates the sliding of the corresponding sliding plate along the movement axis and extends the maintenance intervals of the structural bearing system.

[0062] Advantageously, at least two primary sliding surfaces are arranged at an angle to each other such that the corresponding sliding planes form a hip roof shape. The hip roof is designed such that the intersection line or movement axis forms the ridge of the hip roof. The shape of the hip roof has the particular advantage that the accumulation of dirt and foreign bodies in the area of the primary sliding surfaces can be avoided as much as possible. In the case of a first and second sliding bearing next to each other, this applies in particular to the area of the movement axis, since the movement axis as the ridge of the hip roof, i.e. the highest point of the hip roof.

[0063] Advantageously, at least two primary sliding surfaces are arranged at an angle to each other such that the corresponding sliding planes form a hip roof shape. The hip roof is designed such that the intersection line or movement axis forms the ridge of the hip roof. The shape of the hip roof has the particular advantage that the accumulation of dirt and foreign bodies in the area of the primary sliding surfaces can be avoided as much as possible. In the case of a first and second sliding bearing next to each other, this applies in particular to the area of the movement axis, since the movement axis as the ridge of the hip roof, i.e. the highest point of the hip roof.

[0064] Advantageously, at least two primary sliding surfaces are arranged at an angle to each other such that the corresponding sliding planes form a hip roof shape. The hip roof is designed such that the intersection line or movement axis forms the ridge of the hip roof. The shape of the hip roof has the particular advantage that the accumulation of dirt and foreign bodies in the area of the primary sliding surfaces can be avoided as much as possible. In the case of a first and second sliding bearing next to each other, this applies in particular to the area of the movement axis, since the movement axis as the ridge of the hip roof, i.e. the highest point of the hip roof.

[0065] Preferably, the at least two angular primary sliding surfaces are of different magnitude. This design is particularly advantageous when different magnitudes of horizontal forces act on the structural bearing system from different directions. It is thereby possible to design the structural bearing system according to the application in such a way that it can absorb greater forces from a specific horizontal direction transverse to the movement axis than from the opposite direction. It is thereby possible to ensure that a gap or even a lifting of the sliding plate occurs even in the case of unevenly applied forces.

[0066] Advantageously, the at least one sliding surface is inclined downwardly with respect to the horizontal by a second angle, which is between 0 and 10 degrees, preferably 6 degrees. For the sake of clarity, it is pointed out that the boundary value of 0 degrees is not to be considered as included in the range indicated, since the angular arrangement of the guide surface with respect to the horizontal. For a steeper second angle, a correspondingly higher horizontal force transverse to the movement axis can be absorbed by the respective deflected partial sliding surface. At the same time, in the region of the primary sliding surface, it is still possible to use a sliding material with a low coefficient of friction. On the one hand, this prevents a gap or even a lifting of the sliding plate from the intermediate bearing assembly. On the other hand, it ensures that the sliding plate moves along the movement axis with as little resistance as possible. As explained further above, the horizontal is to be understood with reference to the movement plane of the structural bearing system. The horizontal can therefore also have a different orientation than a horizontal plane in a narrow sense. In particular, the second angle preferably corresponds at least to the friction to be permitted to be exerted on the design.

[0067] Preferably, the first angle can be between 160 and 180 degrees, preferably 168 degrees. For the sake of clarity, it is pointed out that the boundary value of 180 degrees is not to be considered as included in the range indicated, since the angular arrangement of the sliding surface. For a sharper first angle, a correspondingly higher horizontal force transverse to the movement axis can be absorbed by the respective deflected primary sliding surface. At the same time, in the region of the primary sliding surface, it is still possible to use a sliding material with a low coefficient of friction. On the one hand, this prevents a gap or even a lifting of the sliding plate from the intermediate bearing assembly. On the other hand, it ensures that the sliding plate moves along the movement axis with as little resistance as possible.

[0068] Advantageously, the first sliding bearing and / or the second sliding bearing has a preferably lateral abutment which limits the movement of the sliding plate with respect to the bearing housing. The rotation of the second structural assembly with respect to the first structural assembly is thereby impeded. Preferably, the abutment is designed in such a way that a torsional force acting on the second structural assembly is supported about an axis parallel to the movement axis. The abutment can be designed, for example, as a single-piece abutment or a multi-piece abutment. In one example, the abutment is attached to the bearing housing.

[0069] Advantageously, the abutment means are arranged on the side of the respective sliding bearing facing the movement axis or inclined to the movement axis. This arrangement allows the absorption of torsional forces acting on the second structural component about an axis parallel to the movement axis. Preferably, the abutment means are arranged on the higher side of the sliding bearing in the vertical direction. This has the advantage that, in the case of small or negligible torsional forces, the vertical force component of the dead weight acts predominantly on the bearing for the load of the stack due to the operation. Thus, the abutment means are completely relieved of force, which significantly reduces the friction on the abutment means and increases its service life.

[0070] Advantageously, the abutment means have an adjustment device for adjusting the position of the abutment means. With the adjustment device, the abutment means can be optimally and precisely adjusted with respect to the individual components of the sliding bearing depending on the situation. For example, the adjustment device can be implemented via a threaded connection. It is also conceivable that the adjustment device has an electric motor in order to adjust the position of the abutment means particularly precisely and / or automatically.

[0071] Preferably, the abutment means have a sliding device which guides the sliding plate in a direction parallel to the movement axis. The sliding device makes it possible for the abutment means to continue to move the sliding plate along the movement axis with respect to the bearing block with as little friction as possible, although its function is limited to movement towards or away from the movement axis. In one embodiment, the sliding device is designed as a sliding strip.

[0072] Advantageously, the structural bearing system has at least two pairs of bearings and axes. The bearing pairs are arranged one after the other along the axes, with the once sliding surfaces being arranged at an angle to one another such that the corresponding sliding planes of the bearing pairs form alternately a hip-and-ridge shape and a head-down hip-and-ridge shape along the axes. Preferably, the axes can be linear in shape. For roads, tracks or pipelines, it is also conceivable that the axes are curved, as can be the case. The alternating arrangement of the once sliding surfaces makes it possible to absorb torsional torsional forces of the structure in a targeted manner.

[0073] Preferably, the structural bearing system has at least two pairs of bearings and an axis. The bearing pairs are arranged successively along the axis, with primary sliding surfaces angled towards each other, such that at each second pair of bearings, the corresponding sliding surfaces of the bearing pairs alternately form a sloping roof shape and a downward-facing sloping roof shape along the axis. Preferably, the axis can be straight. Curved axes may also be considered for roads, tracks, or pipelines, where this is possible. This principle is particularly applicable when several single-span beams are supported along an axis, one behind the other, by the structural bearing system. Here, one end of each single-span beam is held by a pair of bearings. In all cases, at the connection points between single-span beams, a constant arrangement of the primary sliding surfaces of the two bearing pairs is used. Therefore, if there is lateral expansion in the structure, the height deviation at the joint between two single-span beams can be kept as small as possible. Preferably, for the two successive sliding bearings along the axis in the region of such connection points, the angle between the primary sliding surfaces is also equal. This further reduces the risk of height mismatch.

[0074] Therefore, the design of the structural sliding bearing and structural bearing system according to the present invention is as simple as possible, while at the same time being able to operate for a long time without maintenance and reliably under increased force. Thus, the cost and workload involved in the manufacture and operation of the structural sliding bearing and structural bearing system are reduced. Attached Figure Description

[0075] Advantageous embodiments of the invention will now be described schematically below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein

[0076] Figure 1 A perspective view of a single-axis guide basin bearing, as known from the prior art and described in the background section of this disclosure, is shown.

[0077] Figure 2 A perspective view of a single-axis guided spherical bearing, known from the prior art and described in the background section of this disclosure, is shown.

[0078] Figure 3 A perspective view of a sliding bearing in the form of a spherical bearing according to the first embodiment is shown;

[0079] Figure 4 Show Figure 3 An exploded view of the sliding bearing structure shown in the figure;

[0080] Figure 5 Showing the case of removing the slide Figure 3 A schematic top view of the sliding bearing structure shown in the figure;

[0081] Figure 6 Show along Figure 5 The cross-sectional view of line AA shown in the diagram;

[0082] Figure 7 a cross-sectional view along the line B-B shown in Figure 5

[0083] Figure 8 a series of schematic cross-sectional representations of a structural sliding bearing in the form of a spherical bearing according to a second embodiment, which illustrates height adjustment of the structural sliding bearing;

[0084] Figure 9 an exploded view of a structural sliding bearing in the form of a spherical bearing according to a third embodiment;

[0085] Figure 10 an exploded view of a structural sliding bearing in the form of a spherical bearing according to a fourth embodiment;

[0086] Figure 11 an exploded view of a structural sliding bearing in the form of a basin bearing according to a fifth embodiment;

[0087] Figure 12 a schematic side view of a structural bearing system according to a first embodiment;

[0088] Figure 13 a schematic side view of a structural bearing system according to a second embodiment;

[0089] Figure 14 a schematic side view of a structural bearing system according to a third embodiment;

[0090] Figure 15 a schematic top view of a structural bearing system according to a fourth embodiment; and

[0091] Figure 16 a schematic top view of a structural bearing system according to a fifth embodiment.

[0092] Identical parts in the various embodiments are marked with the same reference symbols. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0093] Figures 3 to 7 a schematic structure of a structural sliding bearing 210 corresponding to the particularly advantageous first embodiment is shown. The structural sliding bearing 210 is designed in the form of a single-shaft-guided spherical bearing and, for force transmission, has a bearing seat 212, which can be connected to a first structural component, a cap as an intermediate bearing component 214, and a sliding plate 216, which can be connected to a second structural component.

[0094] ​The bearing seat 212 comprises a recess 218 in which the convexity 220 of the cap is slidably accommodated. Between the convexity 220 of the cap and the recess 218 of the bearing seat 212 is thus a secondary sliding surface 222 of the structural sliding bearing 210. In the region of the secondary sliding surface 222, a sliding material 224 in the form of a polymer sliding disc is arranged on the recess 218 of the bearing seat 212. This makes it possible to reduce the friction between the convexity 220 of the cap and the recess 218 of the bearing seat 212. The movement of the cap relative to the bearing seat 212 is thus facilitated, and the structural sliding bearing 210 allows rotation about the vertical and horizontal axes.

[0095] Especially from Figure 4 It can be seen from the exploded view in Figure 5 that the sliding plate 216 is slidably seated on the cap, to be connected upward to the second structural assembly. The primary sliding surface 226 of the structural sliding bearing 210 is thus arranged between the cap and the sliding plate 216. As shown in the plan view in Figure 6 and Figure 7 the sectional view, the primary sliding surface 226 comprises two partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B which are skewed relative to one another. The two partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B are arranged in two mutually angled sliding planes 230A and 230B which intersect in a common horizontal intersection line S. The intersection line S forms the movement axis A of the structural sliding bearing 210 along which the sliding plane 216 can be moved. The first structural assembly can thus be permitted a suitable displacement relative to the second structural assembly.

[0096] The two partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B which are skewed relative to one another are arranged such that the corresponding sliding planes 230A and 230B form the shape of a gable roof. A head-down gable roof (not shown) can also be considered here, and in all cases the movement axis A forms the ridge of the gable roof. Furthermore, the two mutually skewed partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B are of equal size, and are symmetrically formed relative to one another relative to a symmetry plane E which extends through the intersection line S in the vertical direction. Alternatively, the two mutually skewed partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B can also be of different size (not shown).

[0097] In addition, the primary sliding surface 226 has a sliding material 232 to reduce the friction between the cap and the sliding plate 216. In this case, each of the two mutually inclined partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B has a permanently lubricated polymer sliding disc, which is fitted into a recess 234 on the cap. The polymer sliding disc is made of PTFE, UHMWPE, POM and / or PA and has preformed lubrication grooves in which lubricant can be stored and released uniformly over the entire contact surface. As a result, the sliding material 232 has a very low coefficient of friction and particularly low wear in its use. In the present embodiment, the coefficient of friction is at most 0.03.

[0098] The special arrangement of the primary sliding surface 226 or of the two partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B inclined relative to one another enables a functional combination of vertical force transmission and horizontal force transmission. Thus, on the one hand, the structural sliding bearing 210 is able to absorb and transmit vertical acting forces from the second structural component to the first structural component via the two mutually inclined partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B. Thus, in this embodiment, the vertical acting forces are introduced from the second structural component into the first structural component via the sliding plate 216, the cap and the bearing seat 212. On the other hand, horizontal forces oriented transversely to the movement axis A can also be absorbed and transmitted between the two structural components by the two mutually inclined partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B.

[0099] The ratio of the absorbable vertical load to the horizontal load transverse to the movement axis A can be adjusted by the angle of intersection of the two partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B or of the corresponding two sliding planes 230A and 230B. Thus, the two sliding planes 230A and 230B comprise a first angle a, which is chosen such that no gap occurs in the region of the primary sliding surface 226 when the structural sliding bearing 210 is in use. In fact, the first angle a of the structural sliding bearing 210 is chosen such that no gap occurs in the region of the primary sliding surface 226 even in the final limit state of the structural sliding bearing 210. Figures 3 to 7 The illustrated structural sliding bearing 210 has a first angle of 168 degrees. However, if the structural sliding bearing 210 is to be designed for very high horizontal forces, a sharper first angle a can be used.

[0100] Alternatively or additionally, the angle of intersection of the two sliding planes 230A and 230B can also be indicated by their intersection angle relative to the horizontal H. Therefore, the two sliding planes 230A and 230B are inclined downwards at a second angle β relative to the horizontal H. In the current embodiment, the two sliding planes 230A and 230B of the structural sliding bearing 210 have the same second angle β, which is 6 degrees. However, in the case of very high horizontal forces, a particularly steep angle can be selected. For sliding plane 230A, it is also possible to have a different second angle β than sliding plane 230B to specifically accommodate the application of forces (not shown) from different directions and at different levels.

[0101] Figure 8 Two schematic cross-sectional views of a series of structural sliding bearings 310 according to the second embodiment are shown, illustrating the height adjustment of the structural sliding bearing. The structural sliding bearing 310 is basically similar to the structural sliding bearing 210 of the first embodiment. Equivalent components will not be discussed further below.

[0102] However, the structural sliding bearing 310 differs from the structural sliding bearing 210 of the first embodiment in that the sliding plate 316 is formed in multiple components, and the distance between the corresponding sliding plate components 316A and 316B is adjustable. In this embodiment, the sliding plate 316 is divided into two halves, such that the sliding plate 316 is formed by two sliding plate portions 316A and 316B of equal size. The two sliding plate portions 316A and 316B are respectively arranged along one of two partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B that are offset relative to each other, to cooperate and thus provide a horizontal connection of the second structural component.

[0103] exist Figure 8 The left side of the two cross-sectional views shows the initial state of the structural sliding bearing 310 before height adjustment. Two sliding plate assemblies 316A and 316B are positioned separately from each other at a first horizontal distance d1. In this configuration, the two sliding plate assemblies 316A and 316B have the same horizontal distance from the movement axis A. For this arrangement, the structural sliding bearing 310 has a first total height G1.

[0104] If the two sliding plate assemblies 316A and 316B are now pushed synchronously towards each other or separately along their respective local sliding surfaces 228A and 228B, the first total height G1 of the structural sliding bearing changes by the height difference ΔH. Therefore, simple height adjustment of the structural sliding bearing 310 can be achieved. Figure 8In the right-hand side sectional view, an example of the final state of the structural plain bearing 310 is shown after a suitable movement of the two slide plate parts 316A and 316B towards each other. As can be seen from the illustration, the horizontal first distance dl between the two slide plate parts 316A and 316B has been reduced to a horizontal second distance d2. However, the two slide plate parts 316A and 316B still have the same horizontal distance from the movement axis A, respectively. Accordingly, the first total height Gl is increased by the height difference AH to the second total height G2. On the other hand, if the two slide plate parts 316A and 316B are moved apart, the first total height Gl is reduced accordingly.

[0105] Figure 9 A schematic exploded view of a structural plain bearing 410 according to the present application is shown in accordance with an advantageous third embodiment. The structural plain bearing 310 essentially corresponds to the structural plain bearing 210 of the first embodiment. Identical components are not further discussed in the following.

[0106] However, the structural plain bearing 410 differs from the structural plain bearing 210 of the first embodiment in that the recess 418 of the bearing housing 412 comprises a recess 436 at the lower pole P, such that in the area of the recess 436 the convexity 220 of the cap does not contact the recess 418 of the bearing housing 412. In the present embodiment, this recess 436 is formed in the polymer sliding disc of the sliding material 424 in the area of the secondary sliding surface 422. In this regard, the recess 436 has an annular shape centered on the lower pole P.

[0107] The recess 436 at the lower pole P increases the radius of inertia. Accordingly, the counter-pressure from the acting vertical load is increased compared to the pressure from the elevated horizontal force. This ratio can be controlled by the diameter D of the recess 436. Thus, on the one hand, the structural plain bearing 410 is even able to accommodate larger forces. On the other hand, the structural plain bearing 410 with the recess 436 provides a further adjustment possibility to adjust the ratio of absorbable vertical force to horizontal force. Thus, the selection of the intersection angle of the two partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B, which are skewed to each other, can be adapted to the diameter D of the recess 436 in order to optimally design the structural plain bearing 410 for a wide variety of force effects.

[0108] In Figure 10 A schematic exploded view of a structural plain bearing 510 according to the present application is shown in accordance with an advantageous fourth embodiment. The structural plain bearing 510 essentially corresponds to the structural plain bearing 210 of the first embodiment. Identical components are not further discussed in the following.

[0109] The structural plain bearing 510 differs from the structural plain bearing 210 of the first embodiment in that the sliding plate 516 comprises two abutments 538. The abutments 538 are arranged on the sliding plate 516 centrally, laterally and opposite one another, respectively. The two abutments 538 protrude in the direction of the bearing housing 212, such that the abutments 538 are arranged between the bearing housing 212 and the sliding plate 516. Thus, the movement of the sliding plate 516 relative to the bearing housing 212 is limited. In this embodiment, the abutments 538 are configured to convert the structural plain bearing 510 into a fixed bearing.

[0110] Figure 11 A perspective view of a structural plain bearing 610 according to the present application is shown according to an advantageous fifth embodiment. The structural plain bearing 610 is essentially identical to the structural plain bearing 210 of the first embodiment. Identical components are not discussed further below.

[0111] However, the structural plain bearing 610 differs from the structural plain bearing 210 of the first embodiment in that it is configured as a pot bearing. Thus, the intermediate bearing assembly 614 is formed as a pot cover, on which the sliding plate 216 sits in a slidable manner. On the other hand, the bearing housing 612 has a pot body and a resilient pad 640 to allow the pot cover arranged thereon to rotate or displace slightly and thus allow the pot bearing to rotate or displace slightly. All the advantages of the plain sliding surface discussed apply accordingly.

[0112] In Figure 12 A schematic side view of a structural bearing system 700 according to the present application is shown according to the first embodiment. Here, the advantages of the structural plain bearing described above are implemented by two separate plain bearings 710A and 710B. Thus, the structural bearing system 700 has a first plain bearing 710A and a second plain bearing 710B to connect a first structural component 712 to a second structural component 714. In this example, the first plain bearing 710A and the second plain bearing 710B are each a plain and tilt bearing.

[0113] The first plain and tilt bearing 710A and the second plain and tilt bearing 710B have identical components in theory. Thus, the first plain and tilt bearing 710A comprises a bearing housing 716A, which can be attached to the first structural component 712, a sliding plate 718A, which can be attached to the second structural component 714, and an intermediate bearing assembly 720A or tilt assembly, which is arranged between the bearing housing 716A and the sliding plate 718A. In this regard, the flat primary sliding surface 722A of the first plain and tilt bearing 710A extends between the intermediate bearing portion 720A and the sliding plate 718A.

[0114] The second slide and tilt bearing 710B also has a bearing seat 716B which can be attached to the first structural assembly 712, a slide plate 718B which can be attached to the second structural assembly 714, and an intermediate bearing assembly 720B or tilt assembly which is arranged between the bearing seat 716B and the slide plate 718B. Accordingly, the flat primary slide face 722B of the second slide and tilt bearing 710B extends between the intermediate bearing part 720B and the slide plate 718B.

[0115] The two slide and tilt bearings 710A and 710B form a pair of single axis guided bearings, wherein the primary slide face 722A of the first slide and tilt bearing 710A is arranged in a first slide plane 724A which is tilted with respect to the horizontal H. Likewise, the primary slide face 722B of the second slide and tilt bearing 710B is arranged in a second slide plane 724B which is tilted with respect to the horizontal H. Thus, the slide planes 724A and 724B intersect in a common horizontal intersection line S, and thus the common horizontal intersection line S forms the axis of movement A of the pair of bearings and both slide plates 718A and 718B can be moved along the common horizontal intersection line S. Thus, a corresponding displacement of the first structural assembly 712 with respect to the second structural assembly 714 can be permitted.

[0116] The two tilted primary slide faces 722A and 722B are arranged such that the first slide plane 724A and the second slide plane 724B form the shape of a head-down sloping roof. It is also conceivable here to be the shape of a normal sloping roof (not shown), and in all cases the axis of movement A forms the ridge of the sloping roof. Furthermore, the two mutually tilted primary slide faces 722A and 722B have equal size, and are symmetrically formed with respect to each other with respect to a symmetry plane E which extends through the intersection line S in the vertical direction. Alternatively, the two mutually tilted primary slide faces 722A and 722B can also be of different size (not shown).

[0117] In addition, each of the two primary sliding surfaces 722A and 722B comprises a sliding material 726 to reduce the friction between the two intermediate bearing sections 720A and 720B and the respective sliding plates 718A and 718B. In this case, each of the two oblique primary sliding surfaces 722A and 722B comprises a permanently lubricated polymer sliding disc, each of which is arranged in a recess 728 on the respective intermediate bearing part 720A and 720B. The polymer sliding discs are made of PTFE, UHMWPE, POM and / or PA and have preformed lubrication grooves in which lubricant can be stored and released uniformly over the entire contact surface. As a result, the sliding material 726 has a very low coefficient of friction and particularly low wear in its use. In the present embodiment, the coefficient of friction is at most 0.03.

[0118] Due to the special arrangement of the two primary sliding surfaces 722A and 722B, the function of vertical and horizontal force transmission within the bearing pair is also achieved here. Thus, on the one hand, the bearing pair is able to absorb vertical forces via the two oblique primary sliding surfaces 722A and 722B and to transmit the vertical forces from the second structural assembly 714 to the first structural assembly 712. Thus, in this embodiment, the vertically acting forces are introduced from the second structural assembly 714 into the first structural assembly 712 via the two sliding plates 718A and 718B, the two intermediate bearing sections 720A and 720B and the bearing seats 716A and 716B, respectively. On the other hand, horizontal forces oriented transversely to the movement axis A can also be absorbed by the two primary sliding surfaces 722A and 722B, which are oblique relative to one another, and are accordingly transmitted between the two structural assemblies 712 and 714.

[0119] The ratio of the vertically absorbable load to the horizontally absorbable load transversely to the movement axis A can be adjusted by the angle of intersection of the two primary sliding surfaces 722A and 722B or the first sliding plane 724A and the second sliding plane 724B. Thus, the two sliding planes 724A and 724B comprise a first angle a which is selected such that no gap is formed in the region of the two primary sliding surfaces 722A and 722B when the structural bearing system 700 is in use. The first angle a of the structural bearing system 700 is even selected such that no gap occurs in the region of the two primary sliding surfaces 722A and 722B even in the final limit state of the structural bearing system 700. The illustrated structural bearing system 700 has a first angle a of 140 degrees. However, if the structural bearing system 700 is to be designed for not very high horizontal forces, a more obtuse first angle a can be used, for example between 160 and 180 degrees, or precisely 168 degrees.

[0120] Alternatively or additionally, the intersection angle of the first sliding plane 724A and the second sliding plane 724B can also be indicated via its intersection angle with respect to the horizontal H. Thus, both sliding planes 724A and 724B are inclined downward with respect to the horizontal H by a second angle β. In the present embodiment, both sliding planes 724A and 724B of the structural bearing system 700 have the same second angle β, which in this case is 20 degrees. However, if a horizontal force is applied which is smaller, a smaller second angle β can be chosen, for example between 0 and 10 degrees or precisely 6 degrees. The sliding plane 724A can also have a different second angle β than the sliding plane 724B, in order to specifically accommodate different horizontal force applications from different directions (not shown).

[0121] Since in the structural bearing system 700 both sliding and tilting bearings 710A and 710B have independent sliding plates 718A and 718B, respectively, a pure height adjustment is also possible here with the aid of the corresponding bearing pair. The height adjustment principle shown can be applied Figure 8 in which the two sliding plates 718A and 718B represent the sliding plate assemblies 316A and 316B of the two-component sliding plate 316, respectively.

[0122] In Figure 13 , a schematic side view of a structural bearing system 700 according to the second embodiment according to the application is shown. The structural bearing system 700 of the second embodiment essentially corresponds to the structural bearing system 700 of the first embodiment. Components of identical design are not discussed further below.

[0123] The structural bearing system 700 of the second embodiment differs from the structural bearing system 700 of the first embodiment in that the two oblique primary sliding surfaces 722A and 722B are arranged such that the first sliding plane 724A and the second sliding plane 724B form the shape of a normal gable roof. In addition, the first sliding and tilting bearing 710A comprises a lateral abutment device 730A which limits the movement of the sliding plate 718A with respect to the bearing seat 716A. The abutment device 730A is arranged on the side of the first sliding and tilting bearing 710A which faces the movement axis A. For this purpose, the abutment device 730A is formed integrally and attached to the bearing seat 716A. In addition, the abutment device 730A has a sliding device 732A in the form of a sliding bar which guides the sliding plate 718A in a direction parallel to the movement axis A. With the aid of an adjustment device, it is possible to adjust the lateral distance of the abutment device 730A from the bearing seat 716A and thus also from the sliding plate 718A. This can be achieved here by a threaded connection between the bearing seat 716A and the abutment device 730A.

[0124] Furthermore, the second slide and tilt bearing 710B has a lateral abutment 730B which limits the movement of the slide plate 718B relative to the bearing seat 716B. The abutment 730B is arranged on the lateral side of the second slide and tilt bearing 710B facing the movement axis A. For this purpose, the abutment 730B is integrally formed and fixed to the bearing seat 716B. In addition, the abutment 730B has a slide 732B in the form of a slide bar which guides the slide plate 718B in a direction parallel to the movement axis A. By means of an adjustment device, the lateral distance of the abutment 730B from the bearing seat 716B and thus also from the slide plate 718B can be adjusted. This is also achieved in this case by means of a threaded connection between the bearing seat 716B and the abutment 730B.

[0125] If a torque M acts on the second structural component 714 in a clockwise direction about an axis parallel to the movement axis A, the abutment 730A facing the first slide and tilt bearing 710A pulls it and on the other side supports it in the instantaneous center of rotation MP in the base of the second slide and tilt bearing 710B. As a result, a force F acts into the abutment 730A, which counteracts the rotation of the second structural component 714. The same applies in the case of a counterclockwise torque. In this case, the abutment 730B facing the second slide and tilt bearing 710B pulls the second structural component 714 and on the other side supports it in the instantaneous center of rotation in the base of the first slide and tilt bearing 710A.

[0126] In this embodiment, the two abutments 730A and 730B are arranged on the higher lateral side of the corresponding slide and tilt bearings 710A and 710B in the vertical direction. Thus, if the acting torque is small or negligible, the vertical force component of the dead weight mainly acts onto the bearings for the load due to the operation, whereby the abutments 730A and 730B are completely free of force. Thus, with a suitable dimensioning, the abutments 730A and 730B are only activated in very exceptional cases, which is advantageous for the service life due to fatigue.

[0127] Figure 14 A schematic side view of a structural bearing system 700 according to the present application is shown in accordance with a third embodiment. The structural bearing system 700 of the third embodiment essentially corresponds to the structural bearing system 700 of the second embodiment. Components of identical design are not further discussed in the following.

[0128] The structural bearing system 700 of the third embodiment differs from the structural bearing system 700 of the second embodiment in that the first sliding bearing 710A and the second sliding bearing 710B are designed as elastic bearings. For this purpose, the respective intermediate bearing assemblies 720A and 720B have an elastomer layer which gives its corresponding deformation properties.

[0129] In Figure 15 Fig. 8 shows a schematic top view of a structural bearing system 800 according to the fourth embodiment according to the present application. The structural bearing system 800 has two pairs of bearings 810 and 820 arranged along an axis B. Each pair of bearings 810 and 820 comprises two sliding bearings 810A, 810B, 820A, 820B. Thus, the first pair of bearings 810 comprises a first sliding bearing 810A and a second sliding bearing 810B. The second pair of bearings 820 comprises a first sliding bearing 820A and a second sliding bearing 820B.

[0130] The second structural assembly 714 is supported by the structural bearing system 800. Thus, the two pairs of bearings 810 and 820 are arranged at the elongated ends of the second structural assembly 714 such that a single-span beam is formed. The first pair of bearings 810 corresponds to the pair of bearings of the structural bearing system 700 of the first embodiment as Figure 12 shown. Thus, two primary sliding surfaces are arranged at an angle to each other such that the corresponding sliding planes form a head-down gable roof.

[0131] Moreover, the second pair of bearings 820 is essentially identical to the pair of bearings of the first embodiment. However, here, two primary sliding surfaces are arranged at an angle to each other such that the corresponding sliding planes form the shape of a normal gable roof. Thus, the primary sliding surfaces of the pair of bearings 810, 820 are arranged at an angle to each other such that the corresponding sliding planes of the first pair of bearings 810 and the second pair of bearings 820 form alternately the shape of a gable roof and the shape of a head-down gable roof along the axis B. It is also possible to apply this principle to two consecutive pairs of bearings. The alternating arrangement of the primary sliding surfaces at an angle to each other along the axis B is particularly effective in absorbing torsional torques of the second structural assembly 714. In another embodiment, the pair of bearings of the structural bearing system 700 of the second or third embodiment is used for the structural bearing system 800.

[0132] Figure 16A schematic top view of a structural bearing system 900 according to the present application is shown according to a fifth embodiment. The structural bearing system 900 has four pairs of bearings 910, 920, 930, 940 arranged along an axis B. Each pair of bearings 910, 920, 930, 940 comprises two sliding bearings. Thus, all pairs of bearings 910, 920, 930, 940 comprise a first sliding bearing 910A, 920A, 930A, 940A and a second sliding bearing 910B, 920B, 930B, 940B. The second structural component 914 comprises two single-span beams 914A, 914B. The two single-span beams 914A, 914B are arranged in close succession along the axis B. For example, the independent single-span beams 914A, 914B represent a track section, a road section or a pipeline section.

[0133] As mentioned above, the two single-span beams 914A, 914B are supported at their elongated ends by the pairs of bearings 910, 920, 930, 940. Thus, the first single-span beam 914A is supported by the first pair of bearings 910 and the second pair of bearings 920. On the other hand, the first single-span beam 914B is supported by the third pair of bearings 930 and the fourth pair of bearings 940.

[0134] All pairs of bearings 910, 920, 930, 940 are essentially identical to the pairs of bearings of the structural bearing system 700 of the first embodiment. However, here, the primary sliding faces are arranged skewed to each other such that for each second pair of bearings along the axis B, the corresponding sliding planes of the pairs of bearings 910, 920, 930, 940 alternately form a hip-and-ridge shape and a head-down hip-and-ridge shape. In particular, the two sliding planes of the first pair of bearings 910 and the fourth pair of bearings 940 have a hip-and-ridge shape. On the other hand, the two sliding planes of the second pair of bearings 920 and the third pair of bearings 930 have a head-down hip-and-ridge shape. Thus, in the area of the connection point of the two single-span beams 914A, 914B, the same arrangement of primary sliding faces or sliding planes is used.

[0135] The intersection angle of the primary sliding face of the first sliding and tilted bearing 920A of the second pair of bearings 920 with the primary sliding face of the first sliding and tilted bearing 930A of the third pair of bearings 930 is identical. Thus, here, the corresponding first angle and the second angle are also identical. The same applies to the primary sliding face of the second sliding and tilted bearing 920B of the second pair of bearings 920 with the primary sliding face of the second sliding and tilted bearing 930B of the third pair of bearings 930. It follows that, in case of a lateral expansion of the structure, the height deviation between the two single-span beams 714A, 714B in the area of the connection point remains as small as possible. In a further embodiment, the pairs of bearings of the structural bearing system 700 of the second or third embodiment are used for the structural bearing system 900.

[0136] Reference signs

[0137] 10 pot bearing

[0138] 12 pot body

[0139] 14 recess

[0140] 16 resilient pad

[0141] 18 inner seal

[0142] 20 pot cover

[0143] 22 sliding plate

[0144] 24 primary sliding surface

[0145] 26 sliding material

[0146] 28 central rail

[0147] 30 sliding material

[0148] 110 spherical bearing

[0149] 112 bearing housing

[0150] 114 cap

[0151] 116 secondary sliding surface

[0152] 118 sliding material

[0153] 120 sliding plate

[0154] 122 primary sliding surface

[0155] 124 sliding material

[0156] 126 lateral rail

[0157] 128 sliding material

[0158] 210 structural sliding bearing

[0159] 212 bearing housing

[0160] 214 intermediate bearing assembly

[0161] 216 sliding plate

[0162] 218 recess

[0163] 220 protrusion

[0164] 222 secondary sliding surface

[0165] 224 sliding material

[0166] 226 primary sliding surface

[0167] 228A partial sliding surface

[0168] 228B partial sliding surface

[0169] 230A angled sliding plane

[0170] 230B angled sliding plane

[0171] 232 sliding material

[0172] 234 recess

[0173] 310 structural sliding bearing

[0174] 316 sliding plate

[0175] 316A sliding plate assembly

[0176] 316B sliding plate assembly

[0177] 316B sliding plate assembly

[0178] 410 structural sliding bearing

[0179] 412 bearing seat

[0180] 418 recess

[0181] 422 secondary sliding surface

[0182] 424 sliding material

[0183] 436 recess

[0184] 510 structural sliding bearing

[0185] 516 sliding plate

[0186] 538 abutment

[0187] 610 structural sliding bearing

[0188] 612 bearing seat

[0189] 614 intermediate bearing assembly

[0190] 640 resilient layer

[0191] 700 structural bearing system

[0192] 710A first sliding bearing

[0193] 710B second sliding bearing

[0194] 712 first structural assembly

[0195] 714 second structural assembly

[0196] 716A bearing seat

[0197] 716B bearing seat

[0198] 718A sliding plate

[0199] 718B sliding plate

[0200] 720A intermediate bearing assembly

[0201] 720B intermediate bearing assembly

[0202] 722A primary sliding surface

[0203] 722B primary sliding surface

[0204] 724A first sliding plane

[0205] 724B second sliding plane

[0206] 726 sliding material

[0207] 728 recess

[0208] 730A docking device

[0209] 730B docking device

[0210] 732A sliding device

[0211] 732B sliding device

[0212] 800 structural bearing system

[0213] 810 first pair of bearings

[0214] 810A first sliding bearing

[0215] 810B second sliding bearing

[0216] 820 second pair of bearings

[0217] 820A first sliding bearing

[0218] 820B second sliding bearing

[0219] 900 structural bearing system

[0220] 910 first pair of bearings

[0221] 910A first sliding bearing

[0222] 910B second sliding bearing

[0223] 914 second structural assembly

[0224] 914A first single-span beam

[0225] 914B second single-span beam

[0226] 920 second pair of bearings

[0227] 920A first plain bearing

[0228] 920B second plain bearing

[0229] 930 third pair of bearings

[0230] 930A first plain bearing

[0231] 930B second plain bearing

[0232] 940 fourth pair of bearings

[0233] 940A first plain bearing

[0234] 940B second plain bearing

[0235] A axis of movement

[0236] B axis

[0237] D diameter

[0238] E plane of symmetry

[0239] F force

[0240] G1 first overall height

[0241] G2 second overall height

[0242] H horizontal

[0243] M torque

[0244] MP instantaneous center of rotation

[0245] P lowermost point

[0246] S line of intersection

[0247] d1 first distance

[0248] d2 second distance

[0249] a first angle

[0250] β second angle

[0251] AH height difference

Claims

1. A structural plain bearing (210) for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component, comprising: a bearing housing (212) which is attachable to the first structural component; a plain plate (216) which is attachable to the second structural component; and an intermediate bearing assembly (214) which is arranged between the bearing housing (212) and the plain plate (216), wherein a primary plain bearing face (226) of the structural plain bearing (210) is arranged between the intermediate bearing assembly (214) and the plain plate (216), characterized in that: the primary plain bearing face (226) comprises at least two partial plain bearing faces (228A, 228B), each of which is disposed in a sliding plane (230A, 230B) which is angled relative to one another, which intersect in a common intersection line (S) which forms an axis of movement (A) of the structural plain bearing (210) along which the plain plate (216) is movable; and the two sliding planes (230A, 230B) subtend a first angle (a), wherein the first angle (a) is chosen such that in a limit of use state of the structural plain bearing (210) no gap occurs in the region of the primary plain bearing face (226).

2. The structural plain bearing (210) for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 1, characterized in that the structural plain bearing (210) is a single-axis-guided structural plain bearing, wherein the plain plate (216) is movable relative to the intermediate bearing assembly (214) only along the axis of movement (A).

3. The structural plain bearing (210) for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the two sliding planes (230A, 230B) are disposed such that the intersection line (S) is horizontal.

4. The structural plain bearing (210) for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first angle (a) is chosen such that in a final limit state of the structural plain bearing (210) no gap occurs in the region of the primary plain bearing face (226).

5. The structural plain bearing for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the primary plain bearing face has a permanently lubricated plain bearing material (232).

6. The structural plain bearing (210) for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 5, characterized in that the plain bearing material has a friction coefficient of no more than 0.

03.

7. The structural plain bearing (210) for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 5, characterized in that The sliding material (232) comprises at least one lubricated sliding disc.

8. A structural plain bearing (210) for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least two partial sliding surfaces (228A, 228B) are arranged at an angle to each other such that the corresponding sliding planes (230A, 230B) form the shape of a hipped roof.

9. A structural plain bearing (210) for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least two partial sliding surfaces (228A, 228B) are arranged at an angle to each other such that the corresponding sliding planes (230A, 230B) form the shape of a hipped roof with the head pointing downwards.

10. A structural plain bearing (210) for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least two partial sliding surfaces (228A, 228B) are arranged at an angle to each other such that the corresponding sliding planes (230A, 230B) form the shape of a hipped roof with the head pointing downwards.

11. A structural plain bearing (210) for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least two partial sliding surfaces (228A, 228B) of the primary sliding surface (226) are formed at different sizes relative to each other.

12. A structural plain bearing (210) for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one sliding plane (230A, 230B) is inclined downwards by a second angle (β) relative to the horizontal (H), the second angle (β) being between 0 and 10 degrees.

13. A structural plain bearing (210) for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first angle (a) is between 160 and 180 degrees.

14. A structural plain bearing for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sliding plate is multi-component and the distance between the corresponding sliding plate components is adjustable.

15. A structural plain bearing for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the structural plain bearing is designed as a pot bearing, wherein the intermediate bearing component has a pot cover and the bearing housing has a pot body and a spring pad.

16. A structural plain bearing (210) for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the structural plain bearing (210) is designed as a spherical bearing, wherein the intermediate bearing component (214) comprises a cap, wherein the cap has a protrusion (220) and the bearing seat (212) has a corresponding recess (218), and the protrusion (220) of the cap is slidably arranged in the recess (218) of the bearing seat (212).

17. The structural plain bearing for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 16, characterized in that the recess of the bearing seat has a groove at a lower pole (P) such that in the area of the groove the protrusion (220) of the cap does not come into contact with the recess of the bearing seat.

18. The structural plain bearing for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 17, characterized in that the groove (436) is circular with a lower pole (P) as a center.

19. The structural plain bearing for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 17, characterized in that a sliding material is arranged at the recess of the bearing seat and the groove is formed in the sliding material.

20. The structural plain bearing for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 16, characterized in that between the sliding plate and the bearing seat (212) the structural plain bearing further comprises at least one abutment.

21. The structural plain bearing for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 5, characterized in that the permanently lubricated sliding material (232) has PTFE, UHMWPE, POM and / or PA.

22. The structural plain bearing (210) for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 7, characterized in that the lubricated sliding disc comprises at least one lubrication groove.

23. The structural plain bearing (210) for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 12, characterized in that the second angle (β) is 6 degrees.

24. The structural plain bearing (210) for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 13, characterized in that the first angle (a) is 168 degrees.

25. The structural plain bearing for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component according to claim 19, characterized in that the sliding material is a polymer sliding disc.

26. A structural bearing system (700) comprising at least two plain bearings (710A, 710B) for connecting at least two structural components (712, 714), each plain bearing (710A, 710B) comprising: a bearing seat (716A, 716B) capable of attaching the bearing seat (716A, 716B) to a first structural component (712); a sliding plate (718A, 718B) capable of attaching the sliding plate (718A, 718B) to a second structural component (714); and a sliding material (720A, 720B) arranged between the bearing seat (716A, 716B) and the sliding plate (718A, 718B). - an intermediate bearing assembly (720A, 720B) arranged between the bearing seat (716A, 716B) and the sliding plate (718A, 718B), wherein at least one planar primary sliding face (722A, 722B) of the at least two plain bearings (710A, 710B) is arranged between the intermediate bearing assembly (720A, 720B) and the sliding plate (718A, 718B), characterized in that - the at least two plain bearings (710A, 710B) form a pair of bearings in which the primary sliding face (722A) of a first plain bearing (710A) of the at least two plain bearings (710A, 710B) is arranged in a first sliding plane (724A) that is angled to a horizontal (H) and the primary sliding face (722B) of a second plain bearing (710B) of the at least two plain bearings (710A, 710B) is arranged in a second sliding plane (724B) that is angled to the horizontal (H), wherein the sliding planes (724A, 724B) intersect in a common intersection line (S) that forms a movement axis (A) of the pair of bearings along which the sliding plate (718A, 718B) is movable.

27. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 26, characterized in that - the at least two plain bearings (710A, 710B) are designed as sliding and tilting bearings or as resilient bearings.

28. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that - the first sliding plane (724A) and the second sliding plane (724B) enclose a first angle (a), wherein the first angle (a) is chosen such that in a state of use of the structural bearing system (700) no gaps occur in the area of the primary sliding faces (722A, 722B).

29. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 28, characterized in that - the first angle (a) is between 160 degrees and 180 degrees.

30. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 28, characterized in that - the first angle (a) is chosen such that in a final limit state of the structural bearing system (700) no gaps occur in the area of the primary sliding faces (722A, 722B).

31. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that - the pair of bearings is a pair of single-axis guided bearings, wherein the sliding plate (718A, 718B) can only be moved relative to the intermediate bearing assembly (720A, 720B) along the movement axis (A).

32. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that - the first sliding plane (724A) and the second sliding plane (724B) are arranged such that the intersection line (S) is horizontal.

33. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the at least one primary sliding surface (722A, 722B) comprises a permanently lubricated sliding material (726).

34. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 33, characterized in that the sliding material has a friction coefficient of not more than 0.

03.

35. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 33, characterized in that the sliding material (726) comprises at least one lubricated sliding disc.

36. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that at least two primary sliding surfaces (722A, 722B) are formed angularly relative to each other symmetrically relative to each other with respect to a symmetry plane (E) extending through the intersection line (S) in the vertical direction.

37. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that at least two primary sliding surfaces (722A, 722B) are formed angularly relative to each other in different sizes.

38. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that at least one sliding plane (724A, 724B) is inclined downwardly relative to the horizontal (H) by a second angle (β) between 0 and 10 degrees.

39. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that at least two primary sliding surfaces (722A, 722B) are arranged angularly relative to each other such that the corresponding sliding planes (724A, 724B) form the shape of a gable roof.

40. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that at least two primary sliding surfaces (722A, 722B) are arranged angularly relative to each other such that the corresponding sliding planes (724A, 724B) form the shape of a head-down gable roof.

41. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the first sliding bearing (710A) and / or the second sliding bearing (710B) has a docking device (730A, 730B) which limits the movement of the sliding plate (718A, 718B) relative to the bearing housing (716A, 716B).

42. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 41, characterized in that the docking device (730A, 730B) is arranged on the side of the respective sliding bearing (710A, 710B) facing or away from the movement axis (A).

43. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 41, characterized in that the docking device (730A, 730B) comprises an adjustment device for adjusting the position of the docking device (730A, 730B).

44. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 41, characterized in that The docking device (730A, 730B) comprises a sliding device (732A, 732B) which guides the sliding plate (718A, 718B) in a direction parallel to the movement axis (A).

45. The structural bearing system according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that The structural bearing system comprises at least two pairs of bearings and an axis (B), and the at least two pairs of bearings are arranged successively along the axis (B), wherein the primary sliding surfaces are arranged at an angle relative to each other such that the corresponding sliding planes of the at least two pairs of bearings form alternately a hipped roof shape and a head down hipped roof shape along the axis (B).

46. The structural bearing system according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that The structural bearing system comprises at least two pairs of bearings and an axis (B), and the at least two pairs of bearings are arranged successively along the axis (B), wherein the primary sliding surfaces are arranged at an angle relative to each other such that the corresponding sliding planes of the at least two pairs of bearings form alternately a hipped roof shape and a head down hipped roof shape along the axis (B).

47. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 29, characterized in that The first angle (a) is 168 degrees.

48. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 33, characterized in that The permanently lubricated sliding material has PTFE, UHMWPE, POM and / or PA.

49. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 35, characterized in that The lubricated sliding disc comprises at least one lubrication groove.

50. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 38, characterized in that The second angle (b) is 6 degrees.

51. The structural bearing system (700) according to claim 41, characterized in that The docking device (730A, 730B) is a lateral docking device.

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