Capsules and systems for in vivo ultraviolet therapy, and methods of using the system.

Abstract

This invention relates to capsules and systems for in vivo ultraviolet therapy, and methods of using the system. The capsule for performing in vivo ultraviolet therapy may include: a battery; a UV light source connected to the battery inside the capsule, positioned to emit UV wavelengths outward from the capsule and in all directions outside the capsule; and a biocompatible and non-biodegradable shell covering the battery and the UV light source.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of patent application No. 201780041412.1, filed on May 30, 2017, entitled "Internal Ultraviolet Therapy". Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to apparatus, methods, and systems for ultraviolet therapy. More specifically, this disclosure relates to apparatus, methods, and systems for in vivo ultraviolet therapy. Background Technology

[0003] The following description includes information that may be used to understand the invention. It is not intended to imply that any information provided herein is prior art or related to the currently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.

[0004] The 21st century is considered the era of superbugs. Increasing numbers of resistant bacterial, fungal, and viral strains are being detected. Current antibiotic development research lags behind the adaptive capacity of microorganisms, which continue to mutate and contribute to an increase in infectious diseases. Safe alternatives to antibiotics could prove invaluable and potentially save millions of lives each year.

[0005] Beyond infectious diseases, immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases continue to pose a global challenge. Despite significant advances over the past few decades, treatments for these diseases remain less than ideal. For example, many patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) continue to suffer from inadequate subjective and objective control over their condition despite undergoing very expensive treatments with significant side effects. When drug therapy fails, invasive surgery remains the only viable option. Safe, effective, and low-cost alternatives to this therapy could save billions of dollars in healthcare costs and improve the quality of life for millions of patients. Furthermore, given the direct interaction between the microbiome and inflammation, treatment options that simultaneously target both entities are crucial. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Ultraviolet (UV) light is an invisible and non-ionizing spectral band, divided into three spectra: (1) UV-A (320 to 400 nm), (2) UV-B (280 to 320 nm), and (3) UV-C (110 to 280 nm). All of these components are present in sunlight, but UV-C is almost entirely absorbed by the ozone layer and does not reach the Earth's surface. UV-A and UV-B are involved in the formation of vitamin D in human skin. While UV-C light is traditionally used for disinfection of non-organic surfaces (e.g., hospital rooms, aquariums, vents, etc.), UV-A and UV-B light also have significant anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. The antibacterial effects of UV-A and UV-B light are induced by destroying the haploid DNA / RNA of microorganisms such as bacteria, archaea, fungi, yeast, and viruses within minutes. UV light can even halt the disease process of currently incurable prion-related diseases.

[0007] However, mammalian diploid DNA is significantly more resistant to this type of damage. For example, in selected individuals with relevant genetic susceptibility and skin type, decades of direct sunlight exposure are required to induce precancerous skin lesions. UV phototherapy is widely used in the management of skin diseases such as psoriasis, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, eczema, Kaposi's sarcoma, lichen planus, cutaneous lymphoma, and neonatal jaundice. This method has been proposed and used as a tool for detecting adenomatous polyps during colonoscopy, and it has also been proposed to combine it with superglue for closing patent foramen ovale.

[0008] Given the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of UV-A and UV-B light, it has the potential to revolutionize the management of non-dermal (i.e., visceral) infections and inflammatory diseases. While UV light has traditionally been used to treat skin conditions, a broader range of in vivo therapies for infections or inflammation has not yet been developed.

[0009] Therefore, as described herein, systems have been developed for emitting therapeutic doses of UV light using media such as catheters, capsules, endoscopes, tubes, or ports for the treatment or management of internal infections and / or inflammation within a patient. For example, in some instances, the inventors have developed devices that can deliver therapeutic doses of UV light in the UV-A / B region from catheters, endoscopes, capsules, or other devices to treat infections and inflammatory conditions within a patient.

[0010] In another example, a system has been developed that utilizes LEDs or cold cathodes to emit light capable of covering a wide area within the body. Therefore, these systems can emit UV-A and / or UV-B light from catheters, endoscopes, or other devices within the body to treat or manage infections or inflammatory conditions.

[0011] Implementation Plan

[0012] Implementation Scheme 1. A system for performing in vivo ultraviolet therapy, the system comprising: a delivery tube, wherein the delivery tube includes an electrical connection device; at least one UV light source within the delivery tube, configured to emit a wavelength, wherein the at least one UV light source is positioned to deliver radiation outwardly around the circumference of the delivery tube over a substantial length of the delivery tube; and a power source connected to the UV light source via the electrical connection device within the delivery tube.

[0013] Implementation Scheme 2. The system of Implementation Scheme 1, wherein the delivery tube is at least partially transparent.

[0014] Implementation Scheme 3. The system of Implementation Scheme 1, wherein the light source is a string of LEDs.

[0015] Implementation Scheme 4. The system of Implementation Scheme 1, wherein the light source is a cold cathode tube.

[0016] Implementation Scheme 5. The system of Implementation Scheme 1, wherein the light source is a neon-filled tube.

[0017] Implementation Scheme 6. The system of Implementation Scheme 1, wherein the delivery tube is an endoscope.

[0018] Implementation Scheme 7. The system of Implementation Scheme 1, wherein the delivery tube is a conduit.

[0019] Implementation Scheme 8. The system of Implementation Scheme 1, wherein the wavelength includes at least one of UV-A, UV-B, or any combination thereof.

[0020] Implementation Scheme 9. A system for performing in vivo ultraviolet therapy, the system comprising:

[0021] A delivery tube, wherein the delivery tube includes an electrical connection device;

[0022] A UV light source within a delivery tube, the UV light source being positioned to emit UV wavelengths outward from the tube and around the circumference of the tube; and

[0023] The power source is connected to the UV light source via an electrical connection device inside the delivery tube.

[0024] Implementation Scheme 10. The system of Implementation Scheme 9, wherein the delivery tube is a catheter, the catheter including a lumen configured to allow a guidewire to pass through.

[0025] Implementation Scheme 11. A capsule for performing in vivo ultraviolet therapy, said capsule comprising:

[0026] Battery;

[0027] A UV light source connected to a battery inside the capsule is positioned to emit UV wavelengths outward from the capsule and in all directions outside the capsule; and

[0028] A biocompatible and non-biodegradable casing covering the battery and UV light source.

[0029] Implementation Scheme 12. The capsule of Implementation Scheme 11, wherein the UV light source is configured to emit UV-A and UV-B radiation and filter UV-C radiation.

[0030] Implementation Scheme 13. The capsule of Implementation Scheme 11, wherein the UV light source is at least one LED.

[0031] Implementation Scheme 14. The capsule of Implementation Scheme 11, wherein the capsule is a suppository.

[0032] Implementation Scheme 15. The capsule of Implementation Scheme 11, wherein the shell is configured for swallowing.

[0033] Implementation Scheme 16. A system for performing in vivo ultraviolet therapy, the system comprising:

[0034] A delivery rod, wherein the delivery rod comprises a borosilicate segment and a silica segment;

[0035] A UV light source, wherein the UV light source is configured to emit wavelengths including at least one of UV-A and UV-B; and

[0036] A light source accessory, wherein the light source accessory is configured to be placed between the delivery rod and the UV light source.

[0037] Implementation Scheme 17. The system of Implementation Scheme 16, wherein the system further includes a power supply connected to the UV light source.

[0038] Implementation Scheme 18. The system of Implementation Scheme 17, wherein the light source accessory includes:

[0039] The main body includes a front aperture and a rear aperture, the front aperture being configured to connect to a light source, and the rear aperture being configured to connect to a rod; and

[0040] Fastening mechanism, wherein the fastening mechanism includes at least one of screw, flat-end locking screw and nail,

[0041] The fastening mechanism is configured to connect the body to the rod and stabilize the position of the rod relative to the light source.

[0042] Implementation Scheme 19. The system of Implementation Scheme 18, wherein the light source accessory further includes a convex lens configured to be placed between the front aperture and the rear aperture to reduce light loss from the UV light source.

[0043] Implementation Scheme 20. The system of Implementation Scheme 17, wherein the silicon dioxide segment is pure silicon dioxide.

[0044] Implementation Scheme 21. The system of Implementation Scheme 17, wherein the surface of the silicon dioxide segment is polished along its length.

[0045] Implementation Scheme 22. The system of Implementation Scheme 17, wherein the borosilicate segment is closer to the UV light source than the silicon dioxide segment.

[0046] Implementation Scheme 23. A method for treating an inflammatory or infectious condition in a patient, the method comprising:

[0047] Provide a UV treatment system according to claims 1, 8 and 17;

[0048] Insert the delivery tube into the patient's cavity; and

[0049] Turn on the power to emit a quantity of UV-A and / or UV-B radiation that is effective in treating infectious or inflammatory conditions.

[0050] Implementation Scheme 24. A system for performing in vivo ultraviolet therapy, the system comprising:

[0051] The delivery rod includes a UV-C filter section and a UV transmission section; and

[0052] At least one UV light source directed to the filter section;

[0053] Implementation Scheme 24. The system of Implementation Scheme 24, wherein the filter segment comprises borosilicate.

[0054] Implementation Scheme 25. The system of Implementation Scheme 24, wherein the delivery rod is flexible.

[0055] Implementation Scheme 26. The system of Implementation Scheme 24, wherein the delivery rod is configured to transmit UV-A and UV-B light. Attached Figure Description

[0056] The accompanying drawings, which are included in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the specification, serve to explain and illustrate the principles of the invention. The drawings are intended to illustrate the main features of exemplary embodiments in a illustrative manner. The drawings are not intended to depict every feature of an actual embodiment, nor to depict the relative dimensions of the elements drawn, and the drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0057] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a UV emitting device inserted into a patient's rectum is shown, the UV emitting device being constructed according to the principles of this disclosure;

[0058] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a UV emitting device comprising an LED constructed according to the principles of this disclosure is shown;

[0059] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a UV emitting device comprising a cold cathode constructed according to the principles of this disclosure is shown;

[0060] Figure 4 An example of a schematic diagram of a UV spectrum is shown;

[0061] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a UV emitting device inserted into a patient's rectum is shown, the UV emitting device being constructed according to the principles of this disclosure;

[0062] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a UV emitting device inserted into a patient's colon is shown, the UV emitting device being constructed according to the principles of this disclosure.

[0063] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a UV emitting device inserted into a patient's esophagus and stomach is shown, the UV emitting device being constructed according to the principles of this disclosure;

[0064] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a UV emitting device that is swallowed and passes through a patient's digestive system is shown, the UV emitting device being constructed according to the principles of this disclosure;

[0065] Figure 9A shows a side view of an example of a light source accessory constructed according to the principles of this disclosure;

[0066] Figure 9B shows a bottom view of an example of a light source accessory constructed according to the principles of this disclosure;

[0067] Figure 9C shows a top view of an example of a light source accessory constructed according to the principles of this disclosure;

[0068] Figure 9D A side view of an example of a light source accessory constructed according to the principles of this disclosure is shown;

[0069] Figure 9E A side view of an example of a light source accessory used in accordance with the principles of this disclosure is shown.

[0070] Figure 10 An example of a UV emitting device constructed according to the principles of this disclosure is shown;

[0071] Figure 11 An example of a method for using a UV emitting device on a Foley conduit according to the principles of this disclosure is shown.

[0072] Figure 12 Experimental data are shown, illustrating an example of a UV emitting device of this disclosure used to prevent the proliferation of Escherichia coli (E. coli).

[0073] Figure 13Another set of experimental data is shown, illustrating an example of a UV emitting device of this disclosure used to prevent the proliferation of Escherichia coli.

[0074] Figure 14 An example of a UV emitting device of the present disclosure is shown, which is used for colonoscopy of mice.

[0075] Figures 15A and 15B illustrate examples of the UV emitting device of this disclosure used for vaginal treatment of mice.

[0076] Figure 16A shows experimental data illustrating an example use of the UV emitting device of this disclosure with respect to liquid cultures containing Escherichia coli.

[0077] Figure 16B shows an example of a UV emitting device of the present disclosure for use with liquid cultures containing Escherichia coli.

[0078] Figure 17 Experimental data are shown, illustrating an example use of the UV emitting device of this disclosure with respect to liquid cultures containing Escherichia coli.

[0079] Figures 18A and 18B show experimental data illustrating an example use of the UV emitting device of this disclosure with respect to liquid cultures containing Escherichia coli.

[0080] Figure 19 Experimental data are shown, illustrating an example use of the UV emitting device of this disclosure with respect to liquid cultures containing Escherichia coli.

[0081] Figure 20 Experimental data are shown, illustrating an example use of the UV emitting device of this disclosure with respect to liquid cultures containing Escherichia coli.

[0082] Figure 21 Experimental data are shown, illustrating an example use of the UV emitting device of this disclosure with respect to liquid cultures containing Escherichia coli.

[0083] Figure 22 Experimental data are shown, illustrating an example use of the UV emitting device of this disclosure with respect to liquid cultures containing Escherichia coli.

[0084] In the accompanying drawings, for ease of understanding and convenience, the same reference numerals and any abbreviations identify elements or actions having the same or similar structure or function. For easy identification of any particular element or action in the discussion, one or more of the most significant digits in the reference numerals refer to the drawing number in which the element was first introduced. Detailed Implementation

[0085] Unless otherwise defined, the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Szycher's Dictionary of Medical Devices, CRC Press, 1995, can provide useful guidance for many of the terms and phrases used herein. Those skilled in the art will recognize many methods and materials similar to or equivalent to those described herein, which can be used in the practice of this invention. In fact, the invention is by no means limited to the methods and materials specifically described. For example, the accompanying drawings primarily illustrate the invention in the gastrointestinal tract, but as described throughout, the disclosed systems and methods can be used in other applications.

[0086] In some embodiments, attributes such as size, shape, relative position, etc., used to describe and protect certain embodiments of the invention should be understood to be modified by the term "about".

[0087] Various examples of the invention will now be described. The following description provides specific details for thorough understanding and description of these examples. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the invention can be practiced without many of these details. Similarly, those skilled in the art will also understand that the invention may include many other obvious features not described in detail herein. Additionally, some well-known structures or functions may not be shown or described in detail below to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the relevant descriptions.

[0088] The terminology used below will be interpreted in its broadest and most reasonable manner, even when used in conjunction with the detailed description of certain specific examples of the invention. In fact, some terms may even be emphasized below; however, any term intended to be interpreted in any limiting manner will also be clearly and specifically defined in this Detailed Description section.

[0089] While this specification contains numerous specific details of implementation, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of any invention or potentially claimed content, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular embodiments of the invention. Certain features described in the context of individual embodiments in this specification may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple embodiments. Furthermore, although features may be described above as functioning in certain combinations and even initially claimed in this way, in some cases one or more features from the claimed combination may be removed from the combination, and the claimed combination may refer to a sub-combination or a variation of the sub-combination.

[0090] Similarly, while operations may be depicted in a specific order in the accompanying drawings, this should not be construed as requiring these operations to be performed in the specific order shown or sequentially, or requiring all shown operations to achieve the desired result. In some cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Furthermore, the separation of the various system components in the above embodiments should not be construed as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated into a single software product or packaged as multiple software products.

[0091] Overview

[0092] While UV light in the UV-A and UV-B regions has traditionally been used to treat skin conditions, as well as for focused ablation of plaques in arteries and other targeted internal uses, it has not been developed for the broader treatment of infections or inflammation within the human body. This disclosure describes a system for delivering therapeutic doses of UV light via a catheter, capsule, endoscope, tube, or port, which can be used to manage internal infections and inflammatory conditions within a patient. The delivery of UV light may or may not be accompanied by a photosensitizer.

[0093] Figure 1 An example of a UV light management system is shown, which includes a delivery tube 100 and several UV light sources 150, as well as a power supply 120 to power the system. Thus, as shown, a caregiver (e.g., a doctor) manipulates the delivery tube 100 to the colon and turns on the power supply 120 to emit therapeutic light (e.g., UV light) into the colonic region.

[0094] Figure 9A to Figure 9E An example of a UV light management system including a light source accessory 900 is shown, wherein the light source accessory 900 is configured to be attached between a UV light source 950 and a delivery rod 940.

[0095] Delivery medium

[0096] Therapeutic UV light can be delivered to various parts of the body using various delivery tubes 100 or other delivery media. For example, the delivery tube 100 can be a suitable catheter, endoscope, capsule (for swallowing or suppository), or other device capable of accommodating one or more UV light sources 150.

[0097] In embodiments of this disclosure, the UV delivery tube 100 may include different domains, such as an endoscope, which can be inserted and manipulated via the rectum or mouth to reach the appropriate area to deliver an effective amount of anti-inflammatory UV light or other therapeutic doses of UV light. In another embodiment of this disclosure, the UV delivery tube 100 may include a catheter suitable for insertion into arteries, urethra, vagina and urinary tract, ear canal, etc. In yet another embodiment of this disclosure, the UV delivery tube 100 may include an indwelling catheter that can be inserted into a patient's bladder. Similarly, UV light may be emitted to internal organs, such as, for example, the vagina, rectum, gastroesophageal junction, stomach, bile duct, etc., via a light source within an inflatable balloon catheter. In yet another embodiment of this disclosure, UV light may be emitted via a light source within a glove or finger cot, which may be worn by a patient or physician. UV light may be digitally inserted into a patient's orifice, such as the mouth, rectum, vagina, etc.

[0098] The delivery tube 100 can be configured to include a feature that houses a light source 150 disposed within the tube 100. For example, the LED light source 150 can be disposed within a hollow tube inside the tube 100 and connected together in the middle. In other examples, the delivery tube 100 may include a hollow tube for inserting a guidewire, and the light source 150 and associated wiring may alternatively be embedded in a housing.

[0099] In another embodiment of this disclosure, the light source 150 may be distributed along the entire portion of the delivery tube 100, at the end of the delivery tube 100, or in other suitable layouts, thereby enabling a wider range of applications for the light source 150.

[0100] In yet another embodiment of this disclosure, the delivery tube (or rod) 100 may be constructed such that the entire delivery tube emits and transmits UV light uniformly throughout the delivery tube, such as, for example... Figure 10 As shown. The delivery tube 100 can be configured to conduct only light from the UV-A and / or UV-B regions, but not light from the UV-C region. Furthermore, the delivery tube 100 can be configured to limit heat conduction to 10 mm. In another embodiment of this disclosure, the delivery tube can be configured to perform heat conduction exceeding 10 mm. Light can be included in continuous and pulsed therapies, depending on efficacy and therapeutic variables determined by a physician.

[0101] The delivery tube (or rod) 100 may be made of any suitable structure (e.g., rigid or flexible), including various biocompatible polymers or those with biocompatible coatings. In embodiments of this disclosure, the delivery tube 100 may include at least one transparent outer layer to allow UV light from the light source 150 to be emitted into the internal cavity. In embodiments of this disclosure, the delivery tube 100 may be made of, for example, silicon, silica, borosilicate, polyurethane, polyethylene, Teflon / PTFE, borosilicate, or other suitable materials.

[0102] In another embodiment of this disclosure, the delivery medium may include a capsule instead of the delivery tube 100. In this case, the capsule may be inserted orally or anally, and the capsule may emit light for a period of time. For example, the capsule may include a transparent or translucent polymer or other biocompatible coating, which may be smooth to allow the capsule to pass through. In some examples, the capsule may include a light source 150 and a power source 120, such as a small battery. The capsule may unfold and be attached to an internal organ to prolong the illumination.

[0103] For example, the capsule has a smooth coating and an internal battery that powers a UV light source 150, such as an LED, which is positioned to emit light from all directions within the capsule. Therefore, as the capsule passes through the digestive system, it can deliver therapeutic light until it is excreted.

[0104] light source

[0105] Depending on the delivery tube 100 or other delivery device, various light sources 150 capable of emitting UV light can be utilized. For example, Figure 2 An embodiment of a flexible delivery tube 100 (e.g., catheter, endoscope, etc.) is shown, comprising a string of LED light sources 150 distributed along the tube 100. Each of the light sources 150 is attached together by an electrical connection and connected to a power supply 120. The light sources 150 may be advantageous because their small size and low power requirements allow them to be placed along the delivery tube 100.

[0106] Therefore, if the light source 150 is positioned along the delivery tube 100, the light source 150 can deliver UV light to a large delivery area within the patient's body. Thus, the treatment target area can be relatively large to treat inflammatory diseases that may affect a large portion of the colon.

[0107] Figure 3An example is shown in which the delivery tube 100 includes a light source 150, which is a cold cathode powered by a power supply 120. In this embodiment, the cold cathode light source 150 delivers light through a transparent, flexible delivery tube 100. This embodiment may include an inert gas filling the delivery tube (or vacuum tube) 100. The delivery tube 100 may include, for example, a cold cathode tube. The delivery tube 100 may include any cathode light emitter that is not electrically heated by a filament. For example, a cold cathode fluorescent lamp may utilize a discharge in mercury vapor to emit ultraviolet light.

[0108] However, in most implementations, for safety reasons, the gas used in the tube should be inert. For example, neon vapor can be powered by a 12-volt power supply to generate sufficient UV light. In other examples, other power supplies with various voltages and / or currents will be used to generate sufficiently strong light at the current wavelength.

[0109] In some embodiments, the light source 150 can emit x-rays. For these embodiments, the system may include a vacuum tube or an x-ray tube.

[0110] Power supply 120 may include an on / off switch or other controller to turn light source 150 on and off. In some examples, the power supply will include the ability to turn on UV light sources of various intensities, or the ability to adjust the intensity over time according to the therapeutic application. The power supply may differ for different types of UV light sources 150. For example, the power requirements of an LED embodiment may be lower than those of a cold cathode embodiment.

[0111] In another embodiment of this disclosure, and as shown, for example, in Figures 9A to 9B Figure 9E As shown, the UV light management system may include a delivery rod 900, a UV light source 950, and a light source accessory 920, wherein the light source accessory 920 is configured to attach between the UV light source 950 and the delivery rod 900. The delivery rod 900 may include a borosilicate segment 950 from which UVC has been removed from the spectrum, followed by a segment made of pure silica (quartz) 900, in order to extend the transmission distance of UV A / B with minimal loss. For example, using only the pure quartz segment has been shown to result in the detection of significant UV-C light emission (e.g., 4,300 microwatts / cm²). 2 The use of a pure quartz rod with a borosilicate short section (e.g., a borosilicate filter) between the UV light source 950 and the delivery rod 900 results in detection levels higher than UV-A and UV-B (e.g., exceeding 30 cm), and only 10 microwatts / cm at the tip of the delivery rod 900. 2 The UVC light is reflected back to the body of the delivery rod 900 to deliver UV light uniformly throughout the delivery rod 900. The UV light source 950 can be configured to be connected to a power supply (not shown) that powers the UV light source 950.

[0112] Also refer to Figure 9A to Figure 9E and Figure 10 The delivery rod 940 can be made by serration using industrial diamond, employing glass cutter oil and applying pressure from both sides to achieve a sharp (rather than blurry) break. The tip of the delivery rod 940 can be rounded using a drill bit (e.g., a 500 RPM drill bit) employing a high-quality diamond polishing pad (e.g., a 120-200 grit high-quality diamond polishing pad) and sandpaper (e.g., 400 grit sandpaper). The body of the delivery rod 900 can then be polished with a 120-200 grit high-quality diamond polishing pad to allow UV-C free light (e.g., UV-A and UV-B) to be emitted across the entire body of the delivery rod 900.

[0113] Light source accessories

[0114] refer to Figure 1 Figure 9A to Figure 9E and Figure 10 Each UV light management device may include a light source accessory 900 positioned between a delivery rod 940 (or delivery tube 100) and a light source 950 (or power supply 120). The light source accessory 900 may include a body 920 and a fastening mechanism 910 (e.g., screw, stop screw, fastener, nail, etc.) for attaching the body 920 to a housing (e.g., rod, conduit, handle, etc.). The body 920 may include a front aperture 970 configured to connect to the light source (or power supply) and a rear aperture 980 configured to connect to the rod (or conduit). The diameter of the front aperture 970 may be approximately 10.1 mm, and the diameter of the rear aperture 980 may be approximately 5 mm. The length of the fastening mechanism 910 may be approximately 3 mm. The light source accessory 900 may be made of aluminum for heat conduction and to reduce light intensity degradation. The diameters of the front aperture 970 and the rear aperture 980 may vary to accommodate, for example, specific conduits, tubes, rods, etc. The light source accessory 900 may also include a convex lens 930 located between the front aperture 970 and the rear aperture 980, the convex lens being configured to reduce light loss. The convex lens may include a semi-convex heat-resistant lens that reduces light loss and focuses light.

[0115] UV zone

[0116] Figure 4 The UV regions that can be implemented by the disclosed apparatus and methods are shown. For example, the light source may deliver only light from the UV-A and UV-B regions, but not light from the UV-C region. In other examples, the system and methods may deliver light from all three UV regions, or also deliver light from the visible spectrum. In some examples, for certain indications and treatments, only UV-A light or only UV-B light may be emitted.

[0117] Other electromagnetic ranges

[0118] In some cases, for the treatment of end-stage intestinal GVHD or tumor formation, the range of emitting wavelengths can also include X-rays. X-ray wavelengths are slightly shorter than light in the UV-C region.

[0119] Example

[0120] The following embodiments are provided to better illustrate the claimed invention and are not intended to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The specific materials or steps mentioned are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can develop equivalent methods or reactants without exercising inventiveness and without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0121] Gastrointestinal treatment

[0122] Figures 5 to 6 Exemplary applications for treating colonic and / or rectal conditions are shown. For example, Figure 5 A delivery tube 100, including a light source 150, is shown, which can be inserted into the colon by a caregiver through the anus. The delivery tube 100 can then be manipulated orally to reach a treatment site such as the colon, part or most of the intestine (see example...). Figure 6 ), or stomach (see example) Figure 7 Then, the power supply (or light source) 120 can be turned on to irradiate the treatment area with the UV light source 150.

[0123] In some cases, this can be used to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, IBD, infectious diseases, and other diseases described more fully herein. As shown, depending on the size, location, and type of the disease, the delivery tube 100 may include varying amounts of light sources 150, which may be embedded in or contained within certain portions or lengths of the delivery tube 100.

[0124] Figure 7 An embodiment is shown in which an endoscope or other delivery tube 100 is inserted through the mouth, through the esophagus, and into the stomach. In this example, an infection or inflammatory disease in the stomach can be treated with a UV light source 150.

[0125] capsule

[0126] Figure 8 An example of a system for using capsule 800 in a delivery device that can be swallowed by a patient is shown. Capsule 800 may contain a light source 150 and a power supply 120 for powering the light source 150. In some examples, the capsule or a portion thereof will be made of a transparent material to allow light to pass through and be emitted. The capsule may contain a tracking device to assess the capsule's position within the gastrointestinal tract. The capsule delivery system may be clipped into a hollow organ for continuous or intermittent controlled delivery.

[0127] In some cases, the capsule may be the size of a pill or smaller and can be taken orally. The capsule may include a timer for turning the UV light source on and off when the capsule reaches or is most likely to reach a location in the digestive tract. For example, the capsule may contain a simple timer to open the capsule after 30 minutes, one hour, or two hours. For example, the capsule may not turn on the light source until it reaches the digestive tract to treat IBS or other infectious or inflammatory conditions.

[0128] catheter

[0129] In some examples, the delivery device may be catheter 100, which can be inserted into an artery, urethra, or other part of the patient's body. For example, catheter 100 may include a hollow portion that allows a guidewire to pass through. Thus, a caregiver can manipulate the guidewire to the treatment site and then pass the catheter through the guidewire to manipulate the catheter to the treatment site or beyond.

[0130] Similar to the endoscopic implementation, the catheter 100 may contain any type of light source 150 suitable for delivering UV therapy into the artery. In some examples, this implementation may use a smaller light source 150, such as an LED.

[0131] In another example of this disclosure, the delivery device may be catheter 100, which can be inserted into the bladder as an indwelling catheter (e.g., Figure 11 As shown in the image, the delivery device can be used to disinfect urinary tract infections with UV light. In another example, the delivery device can be part of a balloon inserted into the rectum to treat the rectum with UV light. In yet another example, the delivery device can be incorporated into a vaginal bar to treat infections in the patient's vagina.

[0132] in vitro

[0133] In other examples, blood from a patient (e.g., using a dialysis machine) can be routed out of the body and irradiated with UV light (e.g., UV-A and UV-B). In these examples, the blood can pass through a machine that irradiates it with UV light before returning it to the patient. In this example, stronger or higher-powered UV-A and UV-B light can be used because it poses less danger to body tissues within the blood other than cells.

[0134] Treatment plan

[0135] The procedure described herein can be used to treat many different inflammatory and infectious diseases. Therefore, different amounts or time-period doses of UV radiation can be administered based on: (1) the type of disease, (2) the type of light source, (3) the power of the light source, (4) the UV zone of the light source, and (5) the severity of the infection or inflammation. For example, in some embodiments, the administration time will be determined by the capsule digestion rate, and other factors (e.g., light source power, UV zone, etc.) can be controlled to vary the dose. In other examples, the endoscope can be delivered by a physician / surgeon for one hour, 30 minutes, two hours, or other suitable time.

[0136] The following are examples of treatment options and their applications. Therefore, the apparatus and methods disclosed herein are adaptable to treating these different conditions.

[0137] Gastrointestinal tract:

[0138] 1. Treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, as well as acute / chronic cryptitis and other chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).

[0139] 2. Treatment of non-IBD-related proctitis

[0140] 3. Treatment of fistulas related to IBD or non-IBD

[0141] 4. Treatment of inflammatory stenosis

[0142] 5. Treatment of microscopic colitis

[0143] 6. Treatment of infectious diarrhea with UV photoluminescent capsules

[0144] 7. Treatment of refractory Helicobacter pylori and MALT lymphoma

[0145] 8. Treatment of esophageal lichen planus and pemphigus vulgaris

[0146] 9. Treatment of refractory Clostridium difficile

[0147] 10. Treatment of colonic inertia, tropical stomatitis, celiac disease, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, appendicitis, post-bone marrow transplant infection, pseudopolyps (similar to nasal polyps), and radiation enteritis.

[0148] 11. Treatment of Barrett's esophagus with or without developmental abnormalities.

[0149] 12. Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy with daily UV light capsules

[0150] 13. Treatment of blind loop syndrome in Roux en Y patients by placing an ILT (internal phototherapy) catheter via PEG in the residual stomach.

[0151] 14. Treatment of perianal fistulas with transparent drainage threads that emit UV light.

[0152] 15. Reduce the rate of infections associated with percutaneous feeding or inhalation tubes.

[0153] 16. Treatment of gastrointestinal cancers limited to the mucosa and submucosa

[0154] 17. Treatment of hepatobiliary infections, inflammations, and cancers limited to the mucosa and submucosa.

[0155] Urology and Nephrology:

[0156] 1. During dialysis, the blood of patients with known bacteremia, fungemia, or viremia is disinfected to eliminate or reduce the microbial load. Optionally, a light needle can be placed in the fistula to be opened, or even opened outside the dialysis window. Ex vivo sensitivity analysis will be performed for narrower but more intense ILTs.

[0157] 2. Disinfection of indwelling urinary catheters in catheter-dependent patients.

[0158] 3. Treatment limited to bladder and urethral cancers of the mucosa and submucosa.

[0159] 4. Treatment of refractory cystitis / urinary tract infection

[0160] 5. Incorporate UV phototherapy into the peritoneal dialysis catheter to reduce the risk of peritonitis and even long-term peritoneal sclerosis.

[0161] Cardiology

[0162] 1. LVAD is used to disinfect the blood of patients with known bacteremia, fungemia, or viremia to eliminate or reduce the microbial load. Optionally, the light needle can be placed in the fistula to be opened, or even opened outside the dialysis window. Ex vivo sensitivity analysis can be performed for narrower wavelength but more intense UV therapies.

[0163] 2. Treat refractory bacterial and fungal endocarditis with direct UV light irradiation of the valves. In this case, photosensitizers can be administered intravenously.

[0164] Dentistry

[0165] 1. Treatment of gingivitis.

[0166] 2. Treatment of leukoplakia and oral lichen planus.

[0167] 3. Treatment limited to cancers of the mucosa and submucosa

[0168] Pulmonology

[0169] 1. Insert an ILT tube while inhaling an ET tube to eliminate bacteria in the tube and bacteria that have accumulated around the throat to prevent pneumonia.

[0170] 2. Construct an ET tube with intermittent ILT emission capability.

[0171] 3. Improve the treatment of empyema by equipping the chest tube with an ILT.

[0172] Hematology / Oncology

[0173] 1. Treatment of intestinal graft-versus-host disease. In this case, X-ray wavelengths are emitted, causing lymphocyte death. This can be used for patients with advanced Crohn's disease awaiting small bowel transplantation or palliative care.

[0174] ENT

[0175] 1. Treatment of chronic sinusitis.

[0176] 2. Treatment of chronic otitis media.

[0177] 3. Treatment of acute otitis media in patients requiring tympanostomy.

[0178] 4. Treatment of nasal polyps (there is evidence that UV light shrinks them; see appendix).

[0179] 5. Treats halitosis.

[0180] 6. Treatment of recurrent tonsillitis / pharyngitis.

[0181] 7. Treatment of cancers limited to the mucosa and submucosa

[0182] Operation

[0183] 1. Improve the treatment of abscesses by equipping drainage tubes with UV light technology.

[0184] 2. Use with surgical drainage tubes to avoid reinfection.

[0185] 3. Accelerate the anastomosis healing process.

[0186] 4. Helps prevent adhesions.

[0187] Neurosurgery

[0188] 1. Intrathecal fiber optic delivery of UV light for the treatment of refractory meningitis.

[0189] 2. Treatment of refractory shunt device infections.

[0190] 3. Treat prion diseases with intrathecal or subarachnoid UV therapy.

[0191] 4. Treat JC virus-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by reducing viral load.

[0192] Gynecology

[0193] 1. Treatment of bacterial or fungal vaginitis.

[0194] 2. Treatment of rectovaginal / colovesical fistula.

[0195] 3. Treatment limited to cancers of the mucosa and submucosa

[0196] Rheumatology

[0197] 1. Intra-articular ILT is used to treat inflammatory and infectious large arthritis.

[0198] colonoscopy

[0199] 1. Figure 14 An example of a UV emitting device used for colonoscopy in mice is shown. The colonoscopy was performed safely. Parameters included 1,100 microwatts / cm². 2 Normal colonoscopy was performed 72 hours after 10 minutes and 30 minutes of UV exposure.

[0200] Vaginal therapy

[0201] 1. Figures 15A and 15B show examples of UV emitting devices used for vaginal treatment of mice.

[0202] experiment

[0203] The following set of experimental data is provided to better illustrate the claimed invention, rather than to be interpreted as limiting the scope.

[0204] Figure 12 and Figure 13 Experimental data are shown illustrating an example of the UV emitting device of this disclosure used to prevent the proliferation of *E. coli*. As shown, the control group without UV light continued to grow, while the test group receiving UV light through the UV emitting device showed a continuous decrease in *E. coli* over time. UV light demonstrates that it can both prevent the proliferation of *E. coli* and kill bacteria over time.

[0205] Figure 16B shows an example of the UV emitting device of this disclosure, used for liquid cultures containing *E. coli*. Experimental results are shown, for example, in Figures 16A and 16B. Figures 17 to 22 As shown. All results indicate that the growth of Escherichia coli was significantly slowed in the liquid sample, where UV-A and UV-B light was emitted onto the liquid sample by the UV emitting device of this disclosure.

[0206] Figure 16A shows the results of the experiment conducted under the conditions shown in Table 1 below.

[0207] Table 1. Results

[0208]

[0209] Figure 17 The results of the experiments conducted under the conditions shown in Table 2 below are presented.

[0210] Table 2. Results

[0211]

[0212] Figure 18A shows the results of the experiment conducted under the conditions shown in Table 3 below.

[0213] Table 3. Results

[0214]

[0215] Figure 18B shows the results of the experiment conducted under the conditions shown in Table 4 below.

[0216] Table 4. Results

[0217]

[0218] Figure 19 The results of experiments conducted under the conditions shown in Table 5 below are presented.

[0219] Table 5. Results

[0220]

[0221] Figure 20 The results of experiments conducted under the conditions shown in Table 6 below are presented.

[0222] Table 6. Results

[0223] 3 / 9 / 2017 UVA intensity: 13W / m2 side liquid culture UVC intensity: n / s 2ml test tube Exposure time: 1200 seconds Tip blockage Cumulative dose: <![CDATA[15.6KJ / m 2 ]]> side 0h 20min Comparison 8.45E+08 9.00E+08 test 8.45E+08 1.13E+09

[0224] Figure 21 The results of experiments conducted under the conditions shown in Table 7 below are presented.

[0225] Table 7. Results

[0226]

[0227] Figure 22 The results of experiments conducted under the conditions shown in Table 8 below are presented.

[0228] Table 8. Results

[0229]

[0230] in conclusion

[0231] The various methods and techniques described above provide numerous ways of carrying out the present invention. It should be understood, of course, that not all the objectives or advantages described may be achieved according to any particular embodiment described herein. Therefore, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the methods can be performed in a manner that achieves or optimizes one or more advantages taught herein without necessarily achieving other objects or advantages taught or suggested herein. Various alternatives are mentioned herein. It should be understood that some embodiments specifically include one, another, or several features, while others specifically exclude one, another, or several features, and still others mitigate a particular feature by incorporating one, another, or several advantageous features.

[0232] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize the applicability of various features from different implementations. Similarly, those skilled in the art can employ in various combinations the various elements, features, and steps discussed above, as well as other known equivalents of each such element, feature, or step, to perform methods according to the principles described herein. Among the various elements, features, and steps, some will be specifically included, and others will be specifically excluded in different implementations.

[0233] Although this application has been disclosed in the context of certain implementations and embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that the implementations of this application extend beyond the specifically disclosed implementations to other alternative implementations and / or uses, as well as modifications and equivalents thereof.

[0234] In some embodiments, the terms “a,” “an,” and “the,” and similar references used in the context of describing particular embodiments of this application (particularly in the context of some of the following claims) may be interpreted as encompassing both the singular and plural. Descriptions of numerical ranges herein are intended only as a way of abbreviating each individual value falling within the range. Unless otherwise stated herein, each individual value is incorporated into this specification as if it were separately referenced herein. All methods described herein may be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise stated herein or where the context clearly contradicts it. The use of any and all examples or exemplary language (e.g., “such”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended only to better illustrate the application and not to limit the scope of the originally claimed application. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any unclaimed element necessary to practice this application.

[0235] This document describes certain embodiments of this application. Variations of those embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. It is anticipated that those skilled in the art can appropriately employ such variations and practice this application in ways different from those specifically described herein. Therefore, many embodiments of this application include all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter set forth in the appended claims, as permitted by applicable law. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated herein or where the context clearly contradicts it, this application covers any combination of all possible variations of the foregoing elements.

[0236] Specific embodiments of the subject matter have been described. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions described in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or sequence shown to achieve the desired result.

[0237] All patents, patent applications, publications of patent applications, and other materials such as articles, books, specifications, publications, documents, articles, and / or the like cited herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes, except for: any application history relating to the foregoing, any application history inconsistent with or conflicting with this document, or any application history that may have a limiting effect on the widest scope of the claims relating to this document now or thereafter. For example, if there is any inconsistency or conflict between the description, definition, and / or use of terms relating to any of the included materials and the description, definition, and / or use of terms relating to this document, the description, definition, and / or use of terms in this document shall prevail.

[0238] Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative of the principles of the embodiments of this application. Other modifications that may be adopted are within the scope of this application. Therefore, as examples and not limitations, alternative configurations of the embodiments of this application can be utilized in accordance with the teachings herein. Thus, the embodiments of this application are not limited to those embodiments precisely shown and described.

Claims

1. A system for in vivo ultraviolet therapy for infection or inflammation, the system comprising: a delivery shaft, wherein the delivery shaft is made of borosilicate and is rigid; a UV light source, wherein the UV light source is configured to emit light comprising only wavelengths of UV-A; and a light source attachment, wherein the light source attachment is configured to be placed between the delivery shaft and the UV light source, wherein the light source attachment comprises: a body, wherein the body comprises a front end collar configured to connect with the UV light source, and a back end collar configured to connect with the delivery shaft; a fastening mechanism, wherein the fastening mechanism comprises at least one of a screw, a flat end set screw, and a nail; and a convex lens configured to be placed between the front end collar and the back end collar to reduce light loss from the UV light source, wherein the fastening mechanism is configured to connect the body with the delivery shaft and stabilize the position of the delivery shaft relative to the UV light source, and wherein the delivery shaft is an endoscope or a catheter.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a power source connected with the UV light source.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the delivery shaft is transparent.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the wavelengths comprising only the UV-A include wavelengths between 320 nm and 400 nm.

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