A compact, open-type, full-face rock tunnel boring machine with small turns

Abstract

The present application discloses a small-turn compact open-type full-section rock tunnel boring machine, comprising: a main beam equipped with a main drive and a support shoe propulsion system capable of driving the main drive to move; a rear supporting system equipped with a second anchor drilling system capable of performing anchor support; a cutterhead equipped in front of the main drive, the main drive capable of driving the cutterhead to rotate; a slag discharge system capable of conveying rock slag equipped in the cutterhead; a shield capable of adhering to the tunnel wall equipped around the main drive; a first anchor drilling system capable of performing anchor support and an advance drilling system capable of drilling and grouting reinforcement in front of the cutterhead equipped around the support shoe propulsion system; and a rear support capable of holding the tunnel wall tight. The above-mentioned small-turn compact open-type full-section rock tunnel boring machine has a compact main beam structure, shortens the total length of the main beam, and enables the rock tunnel boring machine to adapt to small-turn rock tunnel excavation, thereby improving the scope of application of the rock tunnel boring machine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a small-turn, compact, open-type, full-face rock tunnel boring machine. Background Art

[0002] Rock tunnel excavation methods have evolved over a long period of time, primarily focusing on drill and blast and tunnel boring machines (TBMs). These methods are now mature. Among these, full-face tunnel boring machines (TBMs) have been widely used in China in recent years due to their high efficiency, safety, environmental friendliness, high degree of mechanization, and low labor intensity.

[0003] The main beams of existing open-type TBMs often require considerable length due to the space required for the support systems (steel arch assembly system, advance drilling system, and anchor drilling system). For example, a 6m-class open-type TBM typically has a main beam length of 16m. This excessively long main beam significantly increases the clearance between the top and the support area, increasing the risk of collapse in the support area. More importantly, the excessively long beam severely restricts the turning radius of the open-type TBM, making it impossible for conventional open-type TBMs to adapt to the tight turns required in tunnels.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a small-turn, compact, open-type, full-face rock tunnel boring machine that can solve the above-mentioned technical problems is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a small-turn compact open full-section rock tunnel boring machine with a compact main beam structure and shortened total main beam length, so that the rock tunnel boring machine can adapt to small-turn rock tunnel excavation and improve the applicability of the rock tunnel boring machine.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present application provides a small-turn compact open-type full-section rock tunnel boring machine, comprising a main beam and a rear supporting system connected to the rear of the main beam;

[0007] The main beam is equipped with a main drive and a gripper propulsion system, wherein the gripper propulsion system is connected to the main drive and can drive the main drive to move;

[0008] The rear supporting system is equipped with a second anchor drilling system, which can perform anchor support;

[0009] Among them, a cutter disc is installed in front of the main drive, and the main drive can drive the cutter disc to rotate; a slag discharge system is installed in the cutter disc, and the slag discharge system can transport rock slag; a shield is installed around the main drive, and the shield can be close to the cave wall; the first anchor drilling system and the advance drilling system are installed around the support shoe propulsion system, and the first anchor drilling system can perform anchor support, and the advance drilling system can perform drilling and grouting reinforcement in front of the cutter disc; a rear support is installed between the main beam and the rear supporting system, and the rear support can hold the cave wall tightly.

[0010] In some embodiments, the shield includes a top shield, a first side shield, a second side shield, a first overlapping shield, a second overlapping shield and a bottom shield for clinging to different positions on the cave wall. The first side shield and the second side shield are located on both sides of the top shield and the bottom shield, and the first overlapping shield and the second overlapping shield are respectively located between the top shield and the first side shield and between the top shield and the second side shield.

[0011] In some embodiments, the advance drilling system is located behind the shield, and both the first overlapping shield and the second overlapping shield are provided with advance drilling holes, and the advance drilling holes are used for the advance drilling system to pass through and perform advance drilling operations.

[0012] In some embodiments, the gripper propulsion system comprises:

[0013] Spreader boots, used to cling to the cave wall;

[0014] A single-sided saddle frame is installed on the main beam;

[0015] A gripper oil cylinder connected to the gripper and used to drive the gripper to tighten the hole wall; and

[0016] a propulsion cylinder connected to the main drive and used to drive the main drive to move when the gripper shoe tightens the hole wall;

[0017] There are at least two groups of gripper shoes and gripper shoe cylinders, and at least two groups are distributed on both sides of the main beam.

[0018] In some embodiments, the shield further includes a torque cylinder connected to the gripper cylinder, the torque cylinder being used to drive the gripper cylinder to move, and a driving direction of the torque cylinder is different from a driving direction of the gripper cylinder in the tunnel section.

[0019] In some embodiments, a main push cylinder lug is provided at the rear of the main drive, and the propulsion cylinder is hinged to the main push cylinder lug.

[0020] In some embodiments, the first anchor drilling system is arranged radially along the tunnel cross section, and a rotary reducer is provided on the base of the first anchor drilling system to enable the first anchor drilling system to perform operations in a radial area.

[0021] In some embodiments, the first anchor drilling system is arranged on a circumferential side of the propulsion cylinder, and the lead drilling system is arranged on a circumferential side of the gripper cylinder.

[0022] In some embodiments, the main beam is gradually lowered from front to rear, that is, its upper surface at the rear is lower than its upper surface at the front.

[0023] In some embodiments, the main beam includes a first beam body and a second beam body connected to each other, and is gradually lowered from the first beam body to the second beam body; the first beam body is installed with the main drive, and the second beam body is installed with the support shoe propulsion system.

[0024] Compared to the above-mentioned background technology, the small-turn compact open-type full-section rock tunnel boring machine provided in this application includes a cutterhead, a slag discharge system, a shield, a main drive, a first anchor drilling system, a main beam, a lead drilling system, a gripper propulsion system, a rear support, a second anchor drilling system, and a rear supporting system. The rear supporting system is connected to the rear of the main beam, the main drive and gripper propulsion system are installed on the main beam, the gripper propulsion system is connected to the main drive, the second anchor drilling system is installed in the rear supporting system, the cutterhead is installed in front of the main drive, the slag discharge system is installed in the cutterhead, the shield is installed around the main drive, the first anchor drilling system and the lead drilling system are installed around the gripper propulsion system, and the rear support is installed between the rear of the main beam and the rear supporting system. The main beam structure of this small-turn compact open-type full-section rock tunnel boring machine is compact, and the total length of the main beam is shortened, making the rock tunnel boring machine suitable for small-turn rock tunnel excavation and improving the applicability of the rock tunnel boring machine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without any creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a compact, open, full-face rock tunnel boring machine with a small turn provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Middle AA schematic diagram;

[0028] Figure 3A schematic diagram of the structure of the shield provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of the main beam provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] in:

[0031] 1-cutterhead, 2-slag discharge system, 3-shield, 4-main drive, 5-first anchor drilling system, 6-main beam, 7-advance drilling system, 8-gripper propulsion system, 9-rear support, 10-second anchor drilling system, 11-rear supporting system,

[0032] 301-top shield, 302-first side shield, 303-second side shield, 304-first overlapping shield, 305-second overlapping shield, 306-bottom shield, 307-advanced drilling rig reserved hole, 401-main push cylinder ear seat, 601-first beam, 602-second beam, 801-gripper, 802-gripper cylinder, 803-torque cylinder, 804-single-sided saddle, 805-thrust cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0035] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 ,in, Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a compact, open, full-face rock tunnel boring machine with a small turn provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA schematic diagram, Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the shield provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of the main beam provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] In the first specific embodiment, the present application provides a small-turn, compact, open, full-section rock tunnel boring machine, which mainly includes a cutter head 1, a slag discharge system 2, a shield 3, a main drive 4, a first anchor drilling system 5, a main beam 6, an advance drilling system 7, a support shoe propulsion system 8, a rear support 9, a second anchor drilling system 10 and a rear supporting system 11, and the rear supporting system 11 is connected to the rear of the main beam 6.

[0037] Among them, the cutter head 1 is installed in front of the main drive 4 to crush rocks.

[0038] The main drive 4 is mounted on the main beam 6 , and the main drive 4 drives the cutter head 1 to rotate, so that the cutter head 1 breaks rocks when rotating.

[0039] The slag discharge system 2 is installed in the cutterhead 1. The slag discharge system 2 plays the role of conveying rock slag. When the cutterhead 1 breaks the rock, the rock slag cut off is transported to the rear of the tunnel.

[0040] The gripper propulsion system 8 is installed on the main beam 6 and is connected to the main drive 4. The gripper propulsion system 8 drives the main drive 4 to move so that the main drive 4 and the cutterhead 1 can move forward.

[0041] The rear support 9 is installed between the rear of the main beam 6 and the rear supporting system 11, and the rear support 9 plays the role of tightening the cave wall.

[0042] The shield 3 is installed on the side of the main drive 4. The shield 3 sticks to the tunnel wall and stabilizes the tunnel boring machine and the tunnel during forward excavation.

[0043] The advance drilling system 7 is installed on the side of the support shoe propulsion system 8. The advance drilling system 7 plays the role of drilling and grouting reinforcement in front of the cutter head 1, and improves the geological conditions at the cutter head 1 through drilling and grouting reinforcement.

[0044] The first anchor drilling system 5 is installed on the side of the support shoe propulsion system 8, and the second anchor drilling system 10 is installed on the rear supporting system 11. The first anchor drilling system 5 and the second anchor drilling system 10 play the role of anchor support at different positions of the tunnel.

[0045] In this embodiment, when excavating, the support shoe propulsion system 8 first holds the tunnel wall tightly, creating a fulcrum that can push the main drive 4, and then directly pushes the main drive 4, thereby pushing the cutterhead 1 forward to excavate; the main drive 4 drives the cutterhead 1 to rotate, and the shield 3 is close to the tunnel wall during excavation; after being pushed into place, the rear support 9 holds the tunnel wall tightly, and the support shoe propulsion system 8 is retracted to complete the excavation of this section; the above steps are repeated to achieve continuous excavation.

[0046] During the implementation of support in poor geological conditions, when rockfall occurs above the cutterhead 1, the advance drilling system 7 performs drilling and grouting reinforcement in front of the cutterhead 1, the first anchor drilling system 5 and the second anchor drilling system 10 perform anchor support, and finally reinforcement is performed by spraying concrete through the spray-mix system in the auxiliary system 11.

[0047] This small-turn compact open-type full-section rock tunnel boring machine takes into account the support system and meets the support requirements. At the same time, the main beam 6 has a compact structure, which greatly reduces the length of the main beam 6 and has more ingenious flexibility, allowing the rock tunnel boring machine to adapt to the excavation of small-turn rock tunnels and improve the applicability of the rock tunnel boring machine.

[0048] In some embodiments, the shield 3 includes a top shield 301, a first side shield 302, a second side shield 303, a first overlapping shield 304, a second overlapping shield 305 and a bottom shield 306 for clinging to different positions of the cave wall. The first side shield 302 and the second side shield 303 are located on both sides of the top shield 301 and the bottom shield 306, and the first overlapping shield 304 and the second overlapping shield 305 are respectively located between the top shield 301 and the first side shield 302 and between the top shield 301 and the second side shield 303.

[0049] In this embodiment, shield 3 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder, expanding outward to support the cave wall. With the first side being the left and the second side being the right, first side shield 302 and first overlapping shield 304 are positioned to the left of top shield 301 and bottom shield 306, while second side shield 303 and second overlapping shield 305 are positioned to the right of top shield 301 and bottom shield 306.

[0050] In some embodiments, the advance drilling system 7 is located behind the shield 3, and the first overlapping shield 304 and the second overlapping shield 305 are both provided with advance drilling holes 307, which are used for the advance drilling system 7 to pass through and perform advance drilling operations.

[0051] In this embodiment, the advance drilling system 7 located behind the shield 3 is arranged along the center of the tunnel, and advance drilling operations are performed through the advance drilling holes 307 reserved on the shield 3.

[0052] In some embodiments, the gripper propulsion system 8 includes a gripper 801 , a gripper cylinder 802 , a torque cylinder 803 , a single-sided saddle 804 and a propulsion cylinder 805 .

[0053] Among them, the single-sided saddle frame 804 is installed on the main beam 6; the support shoe cylinder 802 has a fixed end and a driving end, and its two ends are respectively connected to the single-sided saddle frame 804 and the support shoe 801, and the support shoe 801 is driven by the support shoe cylinder 802 to tighten the tunnel wall; the propulsion cylinder 805 has a fixed end and a driving end, and its two ends are respectively connected to the support shoe 801 and the main drive 4, and the main drive 4 is pushed forward by the propulsion cylinder 805 when the support shoe 801 tightens the tunnel wall.

[0054] It should be noted that there are at least two groups of shoe supports 801 and shoe support cylinders 802, and at least two groups are distributed on both sides of the main beam 6; illustratively, the two shoe support cylinders 802 are located on the left and right sides, and horizontal turning is achieved by the left and right shoe support cylinders 802.

[0055] In this embodiment, during the excavation process, the support shoe cylinder 802 extends, driving the support shoe 801 to hold the tunnel wall tightly, creating a fulcrum for the propulsion cylinder 805; the propulsion cylinder 805 directly drives the main drive 4 and then drives the cutter head 1 to excavate forward; the main drive 4 drives the cutter head 1 to rotate; during excavation, the shield 3 is close to the tunnel wall; after the propulsion cylinder 805 is pushed into place, the rear support 9 supports the shoe and extends to hold the tunnel wall tightly, and the support shoe cylinder 802 retracts, driving the support shoe 801 away from the tunnel wall; the propulsion cylinder 805 retracts, thereby driving the support shoe 801 into place; repeat the above steps to achieve continuous excavation.

[0056] During the process of tunneling that requires a small turn, the tunneling machine achieves a turn by controlling the different extension amounts of the left and right support shoe cylinders 802. When the extension amount of the left cylinder is greater than that of the right, the tunneling machine will use the tightened left support shoe cylinder 802 as a fulcrum to deflect, that is, to make a horizontal left turn; when the extension amount of the left cylinder is less than that of the right, the tunneling machine will use the tightened right support shoe cylinder 802 as a fulcrum to deflect, that is, to make a horizontal right turn.

[0057] In some embodiments, the shield 3 further includes a torque cylinder 803, which is connected to the gripper cylinder 802. The torque cylinder 803 is used to drive the gripper cylinder 802 to move. The driving direction of the torque cylinder 803 is different from that of the gripper cylinder 802 in the tunnel section.

[0058] In this embodiment, the gripper cylinder 802 is hung upside down on the main beam 6 through four torque cylinders 803 and a single-sided saddle 804, and vertical turning is achieved by lifting and retracting the torque cylinder 803.

[0059] In some embodiments, a main push cylinder ear seat 401 is provided at the rear of the main drive 4 for providing an articulated position for the propulsion cylinder 805 so that the propulsion cylinder 805 is articulated with the main push cylinder ear seat 401 .

[0060] In this embodiment, the propulsion cylinder 805 is designed to be single on the left and right. One end of the propulsion cylinder 805 is connected to the support shoe 801, and the other end is hinged to the main propulsion cylinder ear seat 401 on the main drive 4. This not only greatly reduces the space requirement of the main beam 6, but also directly acts on the main drive 4 with the propulsion force, reducing the loss of propulsion force transmission.

[0061] In some embodiments, the first anchor drilling system 5 is arranged radially along the tunnel cross section, and a rotary reducer is provided on the base of the first anchor drilling system 5 so that the first anchor drilling system 5 can perform operations in the radial area.

[0062] In this embodiment, the support system for the mainframe of this compact, open-type, full-face rock tunnel boring machine includes a first anchor drilling system 5, a lead drilling system 7, and a second anchor drilling system 10. The first anchor drilling system 5, located above the propulsion cylinder 805, can operate within a 90° radial range. The second anchor drilling system 10, located in the rear supporting system 11 and mounted on a trolley, can also operate within a 90° radial range.

[0063] In some embodiments, the first anchor drilling system 5 is arranged on the side of the propulsion cylinder 805 , and the lead drilling system 7 is arranged on the side of the gripper cylinder 802 .

[0064] In this embodiment, the support system not only meets the support requirements, but also fully utilizes the space of the main beam 6, reduces the top distance, and provides conditions for shortening the main beam 6.

[0065] In some embodiments, the main beam 6 is gradually lowered from front to rear, that is, its upper surface at the rear is lower than its upper surface at the front.

[0066] In this embodiment, by gradually lowering the main beam 6 , more space is reserved above the main beam 6 for support.

[0067] In some embodiments, the main beam 6 includes a first beam body 601 and a second beam body 602 connected to each other, and gradually lowers from the first beam body 601 to the second beam body 602; the first beam body 601 is installed with a main drive 4, and the second beam body 602 is installed with a support shoe propulsion system 8.

[0068] In this embodiment, the main beam 6 is of split type, the first beam body 601 and the second beam body 602 are connected together by bolts, the first beam body 601 is connected to the main drive 4 by bolts, and the rear of the second beam body 602 is connected to the rear support 9.

[0069] This small-turn compact open-type full-section rock tunnel boring machine uses innovative design to adapt to the excavation of small-turn rock tunnels, greatly improving the applicability of the rock tunnel boring machine; the main beam structure is compact, and the total length of the main beam is greatly shortened, providing a basis for small-turn excavation of open TBMs, and the small top distance increases the safety factor of the support area; at the same time, the main beam structure gradually decreases from front to back, increasing the support area space, making support more convenient and improving support efficiency; compared with existing rock tunnel boring machines, it has a compact structure and more reasonable space utilization, which is convenient for transportation, on-site assembly and transfer.

[0070] It should be noted that many of the components mentioned in this application are universal standard parts or components known to those skilled in the art, and their structures and principles can be known to those skilled in the art through technical manuals or conventional experimental methods.

[0071] It should be noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as first and second are merely used to distinguish one entity from other entities, but do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities.

[0072] The above is a detailed introduction to the compact, open-type, full-face rock tunnel boring machine with small turns provided by this application. This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only intended to help understand the method and core concept of this application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of this application, several improvements and modifications can be made to this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A small-turn, compact, open-type, full-face rock tunnel boring machine, characterized in that: It comprises a main beam (6) and a rear supporting system (11) connected to the rear of the main beam (6); The main beam (6) is equipped with a main drive (4) and a gripper shoe propulsion system (8), wherein the gripper shoe propulsion system (8) is connected to the main drive (4), and the gripper shoe propulsion system (8) can drive the main drive (4) to move; The rear supporting system (11) is equipped with a second anchor drilling system (10), and the second anchor drilling system (10) can perform anchor support; A cutterhead (1) is installed in front of the main drive (4), and the main drive (4) can drive the cutterhead (1) to rotate; a slag discharge system (2) is installed in the cutterhead (1), and the slag discharge system (2) can transport rock slag; a shield (3) is installed around the main drive (4), and the shield (3) can be close to the hole wall; a first anchor drilling system (5) and an advance drilling system (7) are installed around the shoe propulsion system (8), and the first anchor drilling system (5) and the advance drilling system (7) are installed. ) can be used for anchor support, and the advanced drilling rig system (7) can perform drilling and grouting reinforcement in front of the cutterhead (1); a rear support (9) is installed between the main beam (6) and the rear supporting system (11), and the rear support (9) can hold the hole wall tight; the main beam (6) is gradually lowered from front to back, that is, its upper surface at the rear is lower than its upper surface at the front, and by gradually lowering the main beam (6), more space is left above the main beam (6) for support.

2. The small-turn compact open full-face rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shield (3) comprises a top shield (301), a first side shield (302), a second side shield (303), a first overlapping shield (304), a second overlapping shield (305) and a bottom shield (306) for being closely attached to different positions of a cave wall. The first side shield (302) and the second side shield (303) are located on both sides of the top shield (301) and the bottom shield (306). The first overlapping shield (304) and the second overlapping shield (305) are respectively located between the top shield (301) and the first side shield (302) and between the top shield (301) and the second side shield (303).

3. The small-turn compact open full-face rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The advance drilling system (7) is located behind the shield (3), and the first overlapping shield (304) and the second overlapping shield (305) are both provided with advance drilling reserved holes (307), and the advance drilling reserved holes (307) are used for the advance drilling system (7) to pass through and perform advance drilling operations.

4. The small-turn compact open-type full-face rock tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The gripper propulsion system (8) comprises: Gripper (801), used for adhering to the cave wall; A single-sided saddle frame (804) is mounted on the main beam (6); A gripper oil cylinder (802), connected to the gripper (801), for driving the gripper (801) to grip the hole wall; and A propulsion cylinder (805) connected to the main drive (4) is used to drive the main drive (4) to move when the support shoe (801) supports the cave wall; There are at least two groups of the gripper shoes (801) and the gripper shoe cylinders (802), and at least two groups are distributed on both sides of the main beam (6).

5. The small-turn compact open full-face rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The shield (3) further comprises a torque cylinder (803), wherein the torque cylinder (803) is connected to the gripper cylinder (802), and the torque cylinder (803) is used to drive the gripper cylinder (802) to move, and the driving direction of the torque cylinder (803) and the driving direction of the gripper cylinder (802) are different within the tunnel cross section.

6. The small-turn compact open full-face rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: A main push cylinder lug (401) is provided at the rear of the main drive (4), and the propulsion cylinder (805) is hinged to the main push cylinder lug (401).

7. The small-turn compact open-type full-face rock tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The first anchor drilling system (5) is arranged radially along the tunnel cross section, and a rotary reducer is provided on the base of the first anchor drilling system (5) so that the first anchor drilling system (5) can perform operations in a radial area.

8. The small-turn, compact, open-type, full-face rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first anchor drilling system (5) is arranged on the periphery of the propulsion cylinder (805), and the lead drilling system (7) is arranged on the periphery of the support shoe cylinder (802).

9. The small-turn compact open-type full-face rock tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The main beam (6) comprises a first beam body (601) and a second beam body (602) connected to each other, and is gradually lowered from the first beam body (601) to the second beam body (602); the first beam body (601) is installed with the main drive (4), and the second beam body (602) is installed with the support shoe propulsion system (8).

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