A Michelson interferometer-like molecular detector

Abstract

The present invention relates to a light-like Michelson interferometer molecular detector, and belongs to the technical field of molecular detectors. The light-like Michelson interferometer molecular detector comprises: an emitting electrode, a graphene substrate, a light-like semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, a light-like total reflection mirror, a collecting electrode, an insulating layer and a substrate electrode. The emitting electrode and the collecting electrode are electrically connected to the graphene substrate respectively. The carriers emitted by the emitting electrode are split by the light-like semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror after passing through the electron-like light momentum selector, and are respectively reflected to the collecting electrode through the light-like detection arm and the light-like comparison arm through the light-like total reflection mirror. Beneficial effect: The wavelength of graphene-like light transport is shorter and more sensitive to potential changes. When molecules are adsorbed on the photoelectron detection arm, the collected electronic current changes greatly, and the size and range of the interaction potential between the molecule and the graphene can be obtained to measure the molecule.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of molecular detectors, and in particular relates to an optical Michelson interferometer-like molecular detector. Background Art

[0002] Molecular detection technology is a technology for studying single molecules. Due to the small size of molecules, high detection accuracy is required. Scanning tunneling microscopy is a relatively common single molecule detection method, which uses the tunneling effect principle to control the probe to image single molecules. However, this method requires an extremely low temperature environment and a slow scanning speed, which is not conducive to the rapid detection of biological macromolecules.

[0003] In recent years, studies have found that the high specific surface area of ​​graphene gives it a large adsorption area, which is conducive to the adsorption of molecules on the graphene surface. Adsorbed molecules will change the carrier concentration and scattering process of graphene, thereby affecting the conductivity of graphene. Therefore, adsorbed molecules can be detected by detecting changes in the conductivity of graphene. However, since the conductivity of graphene changes little with the carrier concentration, a large change in carrier concentration is required to be detected. This method can only be used to measure molecules that interact strongly with graphene, and a large number of molecules need to be adsorbed. The time resolution is low, and chemical reactions between molecules cannot be detected.

[0004] Traditional optical Michelson interferometers are often used to measure the wavelength of monochromatic light, small displacements, etc. Michelson interferometers can measure changes in the order of wavelength, but the size of molecules is much smaller than the wavelength of light. Therefore, traditional Michelson interferometers are difficult to use for accurate detection of molecules. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a photonic Michelson interferometer-like molecular detector. The wavelength of electrons or holes transported by graphene-like light is shorter, and the sensitivity is higher than that of traditional Michelson interferometers. It is also more sensitive to changes in electric potential. When molecules are adsorbed on the photonic electron detection arm, the collected electron current changes greatly, and the size and range of the interaction potential between the molecule and graphene can be obtained to measure the molecule.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a light-like Michelson interferometer molecular detector comprises: an emitting electrode, a graphene substrate, a light-like semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, a light-like total reflection mirror, a collecting electrode, an insulating layer and a substrate electrode, the emitting electrode and the collecting electrode are electrically connected to the graphene substrate respectively, the carriers emitted by the emitting electrode are split by the light-like semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror after passing through the electronic light-like momentum selector, and are respectively reflected to the collecting electrode through the light-like detection arm and the light-like comparison arm via the light-like total reflection mirror, the gates of the light-like momentum selector, the light-like semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror and the light-like total reflection mirror are all arranged vertically above the graphene substrate, and the insulating layer is provided between the light-like momentum selector, the light-like semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, the light-like total reflection mirror and the graphene substrate, and between the graphene substrate and the substrate electrode.

[0007] Beneficial effects: The photo-like carriers are respectively reflected to the collecting electrode through the photo-like detection arm and the photo-like comparison arm via the photo-like total reflection mirror. Due to the interference between the carriers, the current collected by the collecting electrode is closely related to the optical path difference between the photo-like detection arm and the photo-like comparison arm. When the molecules are adsorbed, the carrier concentration changes, and the optical path of the photo-like detection arm will change accordingly. Since the wavelength of the carriers in graphene photo-like transport is about ten nanometers, the resolution can reach less than 1 nanometer, so that the molecules can be detected. By adjusting the voltage between the graphene substrate and the substrate electrode, the interaction between graphene and molecules can be changed. After fitting, the size and range of the interaction between graphene and molecules can be obtained, thereby measuring the size and type of the molecules. In addition, the photo-like transport speed is fast, and molecular detection can be carried out in nanoseconds.

[0008] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0009] Furthermore, the light-like total reflection mirror is a graphene barrier controlled by a 90-degree V-shaped gate.

[0010] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are: the vertical incidence transmittance of light-like particles is 1, and the light-like total reflector formed by controlling the potential barrier formed by graphene with a 90-degree V-shaped gate can more effectively reflect the light-like particles to the collecting electrode, and the gate adjustment can more quickly obtain a high reflectivity according to the voltage adjustment between the graphene substrate and the substrate electrode.

[0011] Furthermore, the light-like semi-transmissive and semi-reflective mirror is a graphene barrier controlled by a 45-degree rectangular gate.

[0012] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that the rectangular potential barrier formed in the graphene by 45-degree gate control can effectively separate light-like particles without causing additional optical path difference. Similarly, the gate control can more quickly adjust the voltage between the graphene substrate and the substrate electrode to obtain the appropriate reflectivity and transmittance.

[0013] Furthermore, a light-like negative refraction lens controlled by a grid is provided on the light-like detection arm or the light-like comparison arm.

[0014] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that the light-like negative refractive lens can effectively gather scattered electrons to the collecting electrode to reduce the influence of carrier scattering.

[0015] Furthermore, the insulating layer is made of silicon dioxide.

[0016] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that the gate is separated from the graphene substrate, and the graphene substrate is separated from the substrate electrode.

[0017] Furthermore, there are a plurality of the light-like semi-transmissive and semi-reflective mirrors and a plurality of the light-like total-reflective mirrors.

[0018] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is that both the light-like semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirrors and the light-like total reflection mirrors are controlled by the gate voltage. When the gate voltage is removed, the device does not affect the transport of electrons. In this way, the position of adsorbed molecules and the movement of molecules on the graphene surface can be detected through different combinations of light-like semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirrors and light-like total reflection mirrors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 A top view of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a simulation diagram of the actual effect;

[0022] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:

[0023] 1. Emitting electrode; 2. Graphene substrate; 3. Electronic photo-momentum selector; 4. Photo-like semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror; 5. Photo-like total reflection mirror; 6. Photo-like detection arm; 7. Photo-like contrast arm; 8. Collecting electrode; 9. Insulating layer; 10. Substrate electrode; 11. Photo-like negative refractive lens. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0025] Example

[0026] like Figure 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides a light-like Michelson interferometer molecular detector, including an emitting electrode 1, a graphene substrate 2, a light-like semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror 4, a light-like total reflection mirror 5, a collecting electrode 8, an insulating layer 9 and a substrate electrode 10. Light-like transport refers to a special transport behavior in which the transport behavior of electrons or holes in graphene and carbon nanotubes is similar to the transport behavior of light. The emitting electrode 1 and the collecting electrode 8 are electrically connected to the graphene substrate 2 respectively. The carriers emitted by the emitting electrode 1 are split by the light-like semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror 4 after passing through the light-like momentum selector 3, and are reflected to the collecting electrode 8 through the light-like detection arm 6 and the light-like comparison arm 7 via the light-like total reflection mirror 5 for signal detection. The light-like momentum selector 3 can be an electron or hole light-like momentum selector. The gates of the light-like momentum selector 3, the light-like semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror 4 and the light-like total reflection mirror 5 are all arranged vertically above the graphene substrate 2. The insulating layer 9 is provided between the electron light-like momentum selector 3, the light-like semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror 4 and the light-like total reflection mirror 5 and the graphene substrate 2, and between the graphene substrate 2 and the substrate electrode 10. The insulating layer 9 is made of silicon dioxide.

[0027] The light-like momentum selector 3, the light-like semi-transmissive and semi-reflective mirror 4 and the light-like total reflector 5 all regulate the Fermi level in graphene by gate voltage to form a potential barrier, thereby regulating the tunneling probability or propagation direction of electrons or holes. By changing the gate voltage, the incident electron momentum, the reflection and propagation of the electron can be easily changed, and the device has extremely strong controllability.

[0028] The electronic photon momentum selector 3 is composed of two grids tilted at negative 45 degrees, with a grid width of 15 nanometers, a spacing of 30 nanometers, and a length of 200 nanometers. The electronic photon momentum selector 3 can play a filtering role. Only electrons with a specific momentum can pass through the electronic photon momentum selector 3, limiting the speed and direction of the emitted electrons; the light-like semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror 4 is composed of a grid tilted at 45 degrees, with a grid width of 20 nanometers and a length of 200 nanometers. The light-like semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror 4 reflects half of the incident electrons to the light-like detection arm 6 and transmits half to the light-like contrast arm 7; the light-like total reflector 5 is composed of a grid tilted at 45 degrees and a grid tilted at negative 45 degrees superimposed to form a 90-degree V-shaped grid control barrier, with a grid width of 65 nanometers and a length of 200 nanometers. The light-like total reflector 5 reflects the incident electrons or holes from the light-like detection arm 6 and the light-like contrast arm 7 back in parallel. There are 2 light-like semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirrors 4 and 6 light total reflectors 5. The minimum distance between the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirrors 4 and the six optical total reflection mirrors is 1 micron. The light-like negative refractive lens 11 is composed of a horizontal grid with a width of 40 nanometers. The light-like negative refractive lens 11 is similar to the optical convex lens and can converge scattered electrons or holes to the collecting electrode 8. The grid and graphene are separated by a silicon dioxide insulating layer with a thickness of 20 nanometers. The graphene substrate 2 and the substrate electrode 10 are also separated by a silicon dioxide insulating layer with a thickness of 50 nanometers. The light-like detection arm 6 and the light-like comparison arm 7 refer to two vertical propagation paths on the graphene. There is no grid on the upper part of the light-like detection arm 6 and the light-like comparison arm 7. The upper part of the light-like detection arm 6 is exposed to the outside for adsorbing the molecules to be detected, and the upper part of the light-like comparison arm 7 is covered with a silicon dioxide insulating layer to isolate the adsorption of molecules.

[0029] The effect simulation results obtained in this application are as follows Figure 3 As shown, the resolution of the arm length or adsorbed molecule size can be less than 1 nanometer.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, “plurality” means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0031] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0032] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0033] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Michelson interferometer-like molecular detector, characterized in that: The invention comprises an emitting electrode (1), a graphene substrate (2), a quasi-light semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror (4), a quasi-light total reflection mirror (5), a collecting electrode (8), an insulating layer (9) and a substrate electrode (10), wherein the emitting electrode (1) and the collecting electrode (8) are respectively electrically connected to the graphene substrate (2), and the carriers emitted by the emitting electrode (1) are split by the quasi-light semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror (4) after passing through a quasi-light momentum selector (3), and are respectively passed through a quasi-light detection arm (6) and a quasi-light comparison arm (7) and the quasi-light detection arm (8). The light is reflected by the total reflection mirror (5) onto the collection electrode (8); the light-like momentum selector (3), the light-like semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror (4), and the grid of the light-like total reflection mirror (5) are all arranged vertically above the graphene substrate (2); and the insulating layer (9) is provided between the light-like momentum selector (3), the light-like semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror (4), and the grid of the light-like total reflection mirror (5) and the graphene substrate (2), and between the graphene substrate (2) and the substrate electrode (10); The light-like momentum selector (3) is composed of two grids inclined at a negative 45 degree angle; the light-like semi-transmissive and semi-reflective mirror (4) is a graphene barrier controlled by a 45 degree rectangular grid; the light-like total reflection mirror (5) is a graphene barrier controlled by a 90 degree V-shaped grid, and the light-like total reflection mirror (5) is composed of a 45 degree inclined grid and a negative 45 degree inclined grid superimposed to form a 90 degree V-shaped grid controlled barrier.

2. The optical Michelson interferometer-like molecular detector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quasi-light detection arm (6) or the quasi-light comparison arm (7) is provided with a grid-controlled quasi-light negative refraction lens (11); the quasi-light negative refraction lens (11) is composed of a horizontal grid.

3. The optical Michelson interferometer-like molecular detector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The insulating layer (9) is made of silicon dioxide.

4. The optical Michelson interferometer-like molecular detector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: There are a plurality of the light-like semi-transmissive and semi-reflective mirrors (4) and a plurality of the light-like total-reflective mirrors (5).

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