Grid framework structure

Abstract

An earthquake-resistant grid framework structure comprising a grid framework structure (114) for supporting a load handling device (30) operable to move one or more containers (110) in a stack, the grid framework structure (114) comprising: a series of intersecting grid members (118, 120) arranged to form a grid (50), the grid (50) comprising a number of substantially rectangular frameworks (54) in a horizontal plane, each substantially rectangular framework (54) constituting a grid cell, the grid (50) being supported at each intersection (56) of the series of grid members (118, 120) by a number of upright columns (116) to form a number of vertical storage locations (58) for stacking containers between and vertically guided by the upright columns (116) through the number of substantially rectangular frameworks (54), characterized in that the earthquake-resistant grid framework structure further comprises: an exoskeleton comprising a number of vertical framework columns (218) supported by at least one support member (220, 222), the grid being further supported by the exoskeleton to form a seismic force resisting system (SFRS).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of loading and processing equipment that is remotely operated on a track located on a grid frame structure, for processing storage containers or storage boxes stacked in the grid frame structure, and more specifically, to a grid frame structure for supporting the remotely operated loading and processing equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Storage systems comprising three-dimensional storage grid structures in which storage containers / cabins are stacked on top of each other are well known. PCT Patent No. WO2015 / 185628A (Ocado) describes a known storage and fulfillment system in which stacks of boxes or containers are arranged within a grid frame structure. The boxes or containers are accessed via a loading and handling device remotely operated on a track located at the top of the grid frame structure. This type of system is schematically illustrated in Figures 1 to 3.

[0003] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, stackable containers (known boxes or containers 10) are stacked on top of each other to form a stack 12. The stack 12 is placed in a grid frame structure 14 in a warehouse storage or production environment. The grid frame consists of several storage columns or grid columns. Each grid in the grid frame structure has at least one grid column for storing the stacked containers. Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of the grid frame structure 14, and Figure 2 is a top view of the stack 12 of boxes 10 placed in the frame structure 14. Each box 10 typically holds several product goods (not shown), and depending on the application, the product goods in the box 10 can be the same or different product types.

[0004] The grid frame structure 14 includes several upright members or columns 16 supporting the horizontal members 18 and 20. A first set of parallel horizontal grid members 18 is positioned perpendicular to a second set of parallel horizontal grid members 20 and arranged in a grid pattern to form a grid structure comprising several grid cells or grid spaces supported by the upright members 16. Members 16, 18, and 20 are typically made of metal and are typically welded together, bolted together, or a combination of both. Boxes 10 are stacked between members 16, 18, and 20 of the grid frame structure 14, such that the grid frame structure 14 prevents horizontal movement of the stack 12 of boxes 10 and guides vertical movement of boxes 10.

[0005] The top layer of the grid frame structure 14 includes tracks 22 arranged in a grid pattern on top of the stack 12. Furthermore, referring to Figure 3, the tracks 22 support several loading and handling devices 30. A first set 22a of parallel tracks 22 guides the robotic loading and handling devices 30 to move in a first direction (e.g., the Y direction) on top of the grid frame structure 14, and a second set 22b of parallel tracks 22, configured perpendicular to the first set 22a, guides the loading and handling devices 30 to move in a second direction (e.g., the X direction) perpendicular to the first direction. In this way, the tracks 22 allow the robotic loading and handling devices 30 to move laterally in two dimensions in a horizontal XY plane, enabling the loading and handling devices 30 to be moved to positions above any stack 12.

[0006] PCT Patent Publication No. WO2015 / 019055 (Ocado) (which is incorporated herein by reference) describes a known loading and handling device 30 shown in Figures 4 and 5, comprising a vehicle body 32, wherein each loading and handling device 30 covers only one grid space of a grid frame structure 14. Here, the loading and handling device 30 includes a wheel assembly comprising a first set of wheels 34 and a second set of wheels 36. The first set of wheels 34 consists of a pair of wheels at the front of the vehicle body 32 and a pair of wheels 34 at the rear of the vehicle body 32, for engaging a first set of tracks or rails to guide the device to move in a first direction. The second set of wheels 36 consists of a pair of wheels 36 on each side of the vehicle body 32 for engaging a second set of tracks or rails to guide the device to move in a second direction. Each set of wheels is driven to enable the vehicle to move along tracks in the X and Y directions, respectively. One or both sets of wheels can move vertically to lift each set of wheels off its respective track, thereby allowing the vehicle to move in the desired direction.

[0007] The loading and handling equipment 30 is equipped with lifting devices or a crane mechanism to lift the storage container from above. The crane mechanism includes winch ropes or cables 38 wound on a reel or spool (not shown) and gripping devices 39. The lifting devices include a set of lifting ropes 38 extending vertically and connected at or near the four corners of the lifting frame 39, also referred to as gripping devices (one rope near each of the four corners of the gripping device), for releasable connection to the storage container 10. The gripping devices 39 are configured to releasably clamp the top of the storage container 10 to lift it from a stack of containers in a storage system of the type shown in Figures 1 and 2.

[0008] Wheels 34 and 36 are arranged around the periphery of the inner cavity or recess (referred to as the container receiving space 40) in the lower portion. As shown in Figures 5 (a and b), the recess is sized to accommodate container 10 when it is lifted by a crane mechanism. While in the recess, the container is lifted off the track below so that the vehicle can move laterally to different locations. Upon reaching a target location (e.g., another stack, an access point in a storage system, or a conveyor belt), the box or container can be lowered from the container receiving portion and released from the gripping device.

[0009] However, grid frame structures are subject to a variety of external and internal forces. These forces include, but are not limited to, ground movement caused by the composition of the ground or soil type, forces generated by the movement of loading and handling equipment weighing over 100 kg on the grid frame structure, movement caused by nearby buildings or moving vehicles (such as trains), and even movement during earthquakes or storms. Due to these external forces experienced by the grid frame, it is crucial to keep the individual components within the grid frame structure intact.

[0010] To ensure the stability of grid frame structures, existing storage systems rely heavily on various supports and braces arranged within the grid or at least partially along its perimeter. However, using various supports and braces (anti-slip braces) to stabilize the grid frame structure from internal and external forces is disadvantageous for several reasons. The space or area occupied by the grid frame structure can be used for storage containers; therefore, it hinders the optimal use of available space or area for storage containers. The need for support structures can limit the available options for positioning the grid frame structure, as any auxiliary grid support structure typically needs to be connected to the surrounding structure (e.g., the interior walls of a building) and requires a cost-effective support structure.

[0011] WO2019 / 101367 (Autostore Technology AS) teaches a grid support structure for integration into a storage grid structure of an automated storage system. The grid support structure consists of four storage columns interconnected by multiple vertically inclined support struts. The cross-section of the storage column profile includes a hollow central portion and four corner portions, each corner portion including two vertical box guides for accommodating the corner of a storage box. The support struts have a width that allows them to fit between two parallel guides, thus not compromising the storage column's ability to accommodate container stacks or storage boxes.

[0012] Therefore, an alternative grid framework structure is needed that minimizes the impact on the available space or area for storage containers in order to provide a self-supporting storage grid or at least requires less auxiliary grid support structure.

[0013] Most of the world's population is distributed along earthquake fault lines or in the path of powerful storms such as hurricanes and tornadoes. Because current grid-frame structures may not be able to hold the grid together, positioning grid-frame structures in these earthquake and storm-prone areas carries a risk of structural damage. For example, strong earthquakes and storms can cause them to lose structural integrity because structural fasteners cannot securely attach the grid to upright members. Earthquakes are classified into four types—A, B, C, and D—based on their severity, with type A considered the weakest and type D the strongest. Types A through D are further classified based on their spectral acceleration, the maximum acceleration, measured in g, experienced by objects above ground level during an earthquake. Type D is considered to represent the strongest earthquake events, typically with spectral accelerations ranging from 0.5g to 1.83g (see Short Period Spectral Response Acceleration (SDS) at https: / / www.fegstructural.com / seismic-design-category-101 / ), and is responsible for most building damage. When a strong earthquake event acts on a structure, the three-dimensional dynamic forces can damage the structural fasteners that hold the grid frame structure together, causing them to loosen or detach from the embedded components, or, if they remain in place, to tear through the structural fasteners.

[0014] Many jurisdictions (such as the states in the United States) have passed laws requiring all new buildings, whether residential or commercial, to incorporate certain seismic bracing features. For example... Figure 6 As shown, a grid frame structure includes internal bracing features incorporated within the grid frame structure, wherein one or more upright members are supported together by one or more bracing members or support towers. Typically, the bracing members are distributed throughout the grid frame structure. The distribution of internal bracing depends heavily on the size of the grid frame structure, ground conditions, and environmental conditions (e.g., temperature). However, while grid frame structures can withstand very low-level seismic events with spectral accelerations less than 0.3g, there are currently no seismic-resistant systems for grid frame structures capable of withstanding Class C seismic events stronger than Class C and classified as Class C earthquakes with spectral accelerations ranging from 0.5g to 1.83g.

[0015] Therefore, a seismic-resistant grid frame structure capable of withstanding strong earthquake events is needed.

[0016] This application claims priority to UK Patent Application No. GB2003047.4, filed on 3 March 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Summary of the Invention

[0017] While current grid frame structures can withstand relatively small-scale ground motions, typically less than 0.33g (see Short-Period Spectral Response Acceleration (SDS) at https: / / www.fegstructural.com / seismic-design-category-101 / ), they cannot withstand ground motions exceeding 0.33g, which typically represent Class C and Class D seismic events. Joints (mostly bolted together) linking grid members and uprights tend to loosen and, in extreme cases, separate, affecting the grid frame structure's structural integrity. Even if one or more support towers are incorporated into the uprights to improve grid frame stability, this may be insufficient to maintain stability during Class C and Class D seismic events. This invention mitigates these problems by supporting the grid frame structure with an exoskeleton. The exoskeleton provides an additional level of support for the grid frame structure to resist seismic events. More specifically, this invention provides a seismic-resistant grid frame structure comprising a grid frame structure for supporting a loading and handling device operable to move one or more containers in a stack, the grid frame structure comprising:

[0018] A series of intersecting grid components are arranged to form a grid comprising several basic rectangular frames in a horizontal plane, each basic rectangular frame constituting a grid cell. At each intersection of the series of grid components, the grid is supported by several upright posts to form several vertical storage locations for stacking containers between the upright posts and guiding them vertically through the basic rectangular frames.

[0019] The seismic-resistant grid frame structure is characterized by further comprising:

[0020] The exoskeleton includes several vertical frame columns 218 supported by at least one support member, and the grid is further supported by the exoskeleton to form a seismic restraint system (SFRS).

[0021] The exoskeleton includes a perimeter bracing structure surrounding the grid frame structure to provide another layer of lateral support. The perimeter bracing structure is supported by several vertical frame columns to form a seismic restraint system (SFRS). More specifically, at least one support member extends from each of the several vertical columns to form the perimeter bracing structure to further support the grid. Preferably, the grid includes boundaries or outer regions such that the boundaries or outer regions of the grid are supported by the exoskeleton.

[0022] For the purposes of this invention, the grid is bordered by an outer region surrounding the perimeter of the grid. The width of the boundary or outer region is at least one grid cell, preferably a single grid cell. The grid is supported at or within the boundary such that at least one support member is placed inwardly within the boundary or outer region of the grid. For the purposes of this invention, the term "support" is interpreted as any mechanical connection. In this case, it refers to the mechanical connection between the grid at the boundary and at least one support member. Preferably, the at least one support member is placed inwardly from the edge of the grid such that the outer region or boundary of the grid extends or penetrates through the at least one support member. Because the bending moment is mostly located at the grid edges where the grid members intersect, the bending moment experienced by the support member is minimized by supporting the middle grid cells within the grid boundary. Although not ideal, the invention also covers the situation where the boundary or outer region of the grid constitutes the edge of the grid, such that a peripheral support structure surrounds the perimeter of the grid supporting the grid.

[0023] The applicant has recognized that by supporting the grid frame structure within an exoskeleton, lateral forces generated within the grid frame structure are absorbed by the exoskeleton. The exoskeleton can act as a erosion-resistant structure within the seismic grid frame structure, causing its components to erode to maintain the structural integrity of the grid frame structure. During an earthquake, the grid at the top of the uprights is affected by lateral movement due to ground motion. Because the grid members connect at the intersections of adjacent grid members and uprights, the outer support grid surrounding the grid at the grid edges or boundaries helps mitigate damage to the grid frame structure during earthquakes.

[0024] In this invention, an exoskeleton surrounds the boundary or outer region of a grid supporting the grid. The exoskeleton comprises a plurality of vertical frame columns supported by at least one support member extending from each of the vertical frame columns to form a seismic force restraint system (SFRS), i.e., the SFRS forms a moment-resisting frame. The SFRS, including the exoskeleton, supports the grid during strong earthquake events by supporting the grid frame structure. For the purposes of this invention, support is interpreted as including direct or indirect mechanical connection to the grid frame structure. For example, a grid supported by the peripheral support structure of this invention is connected to the peripheral support structure of this invention by mechanically connecting the grid around the grid edge at the edge of the grid or its boundary, and the peripheral support structure is supported by a plurality of vertical columns to form the exoskeleton; i.e., the exoskeleton includes the peripheral support structure.

[0025] Preferably, a series of intersecting grid members are rigidly connected together at the intersections to form at least one vierendeel truss assembly. As is known in the art, a vierendeel truss assembly is a series of rectangular frames that achieve stability through rigid connections between vertical web members and top and bottom chords. The vierendeel truss transmits shear force from the chords through bending moments at the joints and ultimately through bending moments in the vertical webs. Since the grid of the present invention lies in a horizontal plane, the grid members extend in a first direction and a second direction (the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction), representing the web members and the top and bottom chords of the vierendeel truss assembly. Therefore, all members of the grid are members subjected to a combination of stresses: axial stress, shear stress, and bending stress.

[0026] Preferably, the grid is attached between pairs of support members along the grid boundaries to form at least one open-web truss assembly, thereby providing lateral support for the grid frame structure in the left-right direction. Optionally, the at least one support member is a horizontal frame beam extending between at least two of several vertical frame columns to form a resistance strut. Optionally, the at least one support member is a diagonal support member extending between at least two of several vertical frame columns. For the purposes of the invention, the at least one support member may be a horizontal frame beam or strut extending between two vertical frame columns to form a resistance strut or at least one diagonal support member, or a combination thereof. A resistance strut, resistance truss, or collector is a single element or component designed to transfer lateral loads to a lateral load-resisting system parallel to the applied force. Here, the horizontal frame beam serves as a resistance strut or collector designed to resist and transfer lateral loads. According to ASCE 7 (American Society of Civil Engineers), a resistance strut is a structural element (which may be a truss) installed parallel to the applied load that collects diaphragm shear forces and transfers them to elements resisting vertical forces or distributes forces within the diaphragm. If properly designed, resistance strut trusses and their connections transfer lateral loads to the foundation and then safely to the ground.

[0027] Preferably, the diagonal members include a first diagonal member and a second diagonal member. Preferably, the at least one support member further includes a horizontal frame beam, and wherein the first diagonal support member, the second diagonal support member, and the horizontal frame beam are all arranged to form a K-brace placed between at least two of the plurality of vertical frame columns. If the at least one support member is a diagonal support member, it can be arranged as a K-brace connecting two vertical frame columns. Preferably, each of the at least two vertical frame columns has a bottom end and a top end, and each of the first and second diagonal support members has a first end forming its lower end and a second end forming its upper end. The first and second diagonal support members are arranged such that their lower ends are adjacent to the bottom ends of each of the at least two vertical frame columns and are inclined upwards, with their upper ends adjacent to each other at their peaks, such that the peaks meet at a point on the horizontal frame beam to form a K-brace. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one support member is a cross brace. Preferably, the first and second diagonal support members are arranged in a cross brace, which is placed between at least two of the several vertical frame columns 218, such that the at least two vertical frame columns are connected together by the cross brace. More preferably, each of the at least two vertical frame columns has an outer end, and the first and second diagonal support members are arranged in a cross shape, each having opposite ends, wherein at least two of the several vertical frame columns are connected together by the cross brace, such that the outer ends of the at least two vertical frame columns are connected to the opposite ends of the first and second diagonal support members.

[0028] During strong earthquake events, the exoskeleton may include K-braces or cross braces operating under tension and compression within the SFRS, and thus subjected to the greatest lateral forces. In extreme earthquake events, diagonal braces may bend as they absorb lateral forces from the grid. Because the SFRS of this invention forms an exoskeleton around the grid frame structure, the components of the SFRS located at the diagonal braces are easily replaceable.

[0029] Preferably, the SFRS of the present invention includes several vertical frame columns at the corners of a grid frame structure. The grid frame structure can be considered as a set of straight lines supporting the grid, formed by intersecting horizontal grid members (i.e., a four-walled three-dimensional frame). Preferably, the several vertical frame columns include four vertical frame columns arranged at the four corners of the grid frame structure, and at least one support member extending longitudinally from the top of each corner of the four vertical frame columns to form a generally rectangular or square perimeter frame in or around the boundary of the grid. The rectangular or square perimeter frame is supported by the vertical frame columns at the corners of the grid frame structure to form the outer skeleton of the present invention. By having a rectangular or square perimeter frame around the perimeter of the grid, the grid is supported by the perimeter frame around its perimeter. This can be located at the edge of the grid or at the boundary around the grid. The at least one support member extending from the top of each corner of the four vertical frame columns is a horizontal frame beam. Preferably, the grid is attached along its boundaries or outer regions between pairs of horizontal frame beams to form at least one open truss assembly, thereby providing lateral support for the grid frame structure in the left-right direction. In other words, the grid is attached along its edges or at its boundaries to horizontal frame beams that extend from the vertical frame beams to the corners of the grid frame.

[0030] Preferably, the plurality of vertical frame columns further includes at least one vertical frame column between at least two of the four vertical frame columns at the corner of the grid frame structure, and the at least one supporting member extends between at least one vertical frame column of the four vertical frame columns 218a at the corner of the grid frame structure 114 and at least one vertical frame column of the plurality of vertical frame columns 218b located between at least two of the four vertical frame columns 218a at the corner of the grid frame structure 114. Since the grid frame structure can be considered as a linear combination of vertical or upright columns supporting the grid, the SFRS of the present invention can also be considered as a three-dimensional linear combination of vertical frame columns at the corner of the grid frame structure and horizontal frame beams extending from the top of each vertical frame column. By having intermediate vertical frame columns between the vertical frame columns at the corners of the grid frame structure, and providing support between the vertical columns at one corner of the grid frame structure and the intermediate vertical frame columns, at least one face of the SFRS is divided into a support frame including at least one diagonal brace and one resistance strut. The diagonal brace and the resistance strut are located on either side of the intermediate vertical frame column. Preferably, the assembly of the support frame and the resistance strut is provided on all four faces of the SFRS of the present invention.

[0031] Rather than bolting mesh members at their intersections, which are prone to loosening during strong earthquakes, it is preferable to weld a series of mesh members at their intersections. The welded joints at the intersections provide a stronger and more rigid connection. As bending moments transfer at the intersections, the welded mesh members at these points can withstand the loads at those intersections.

[0032] Preferably, at least one of the grid members in this series is a tubular beam. Compared to beams of other shapes, using tubular beams to construct the grid members can provide greater bending resistance because the walls of the tubular beam are able to resist bending in all directions.

[0033] While welding mesh members at the intersections of intersecting mesh members provides a robust mesh structure resistant to bending moments, this presents the problem of requiring on-site construction of the mesh frame structure. Welding mesh members together on-site or in situ may violate health and safety regulations due to exposure to welding fumes and the risk of fire. The applicant mitigates this problem by subdividing the mesh into subframes. Preferably, the mesh is subdivided into several interconnected subframes, each subframe comprising at least one mesh unit. By dividing the mesh into subframes, where each subframe comprises at least one mesh unit, it is not necessary to weld mesh members at the intersections of intersecting mesh members. Each subframe can be joined together to form the mesh of the present invention. Various methods can be used to join adjacent subframes, including but not limited to the use of bolts or other mechanical fasteners such as rivets. Since bending moments are concentrated at the intersections where mesh members intersect with uprights, the joints that secure adjacent subframes together between the intersections (intermediate units) are not subjected to excessive bending moments. Preferably, adjacent subframes are joined together by joints between the intersections (i.e., intermediate units). The bending moment is greatest at the intersection, and decreases to a minimum between the intersections at the midpoint between them. Preferably, the joint is located substantially at the midpoint between the intersections. Therefore, the joint linking adjacent subframes is positioned at the midpoint between the intersections with the weakest bending moment, allowing the joint to use fewer fasteners, such as bolts or rivets. Preferably, adjacent subframes are bolted together by one or more bolts. Adjacent subframes are joined together so that the connection of the intermediate unit between the intersections of adjacent subframes completes the mesh cell.

[0034] To connect several vertical or upright posts to each other at their tops, the grid preferably includes at least one socket at the intersection, which can be received in the opening of the upright post. Each of the upright posts has a cross-sectional profile comprising a hollow central portion in the form of two vertical guide plates and four corner portions. The hollow central portion is preferably a box-like portion. The size of at least one socket can be received into the hollow cross-section of the upright post.

[0035] To provide lateral support to the SFRS of the present invention, preferably, at least one of the at least two vertical frame columns is an I-beam. More preferably, each of the at least two vertical frame columns is anchored to the ground (e.g., a concrete foundation) by one or more anchor bolts.

[0036] Preferably, rails or tracks are mounted on the grid to guide the loading and handling equipment on the grid. More preferably, the rails or tracks are mounted to the grid via snap-fit ​​and / or sliding fit configurations. The rails or tracks are mounted to the grid via track supports with a cross-sectional profile to receive the rails or tracks in a snap-fit ​​configuration. The track supports are preferably welded to the grid members.

[0037] Preferably, the crash barrier includes one or more impact absorbers, and the crash barrier is mounted on at least a portion of the grid. More preferably, the crash barrier includes a frame mounted on at least a portion of the grid. Preferably, the frame includes two or more vertical bars mounted on the edge of the grid. A horizontal crash beam connects the vertical bars. One or more impact absorbers are mounted to the horizontal crash beam.

[0038] To mitigate ground movement during an earthquake event, preferably, at least a portion of the grid is supported to several vertical posts 116 via one or more movable joints, such that the at least portion of the grid 50 and one or more of the vertical posts 116 can move independently of each other during seismic activity. During an earthquake event, lateral movement of the vertical posts is absorbed by the ground movement due to ground movement by one or more movable joints inserted between the vertical posts and the grid. In other words, the grid separates from the vertical posts but remains supported by them to allow lateral movement between the grid and the vertical posts.

[0039] The seismic grid frame structure of the present invention can be modularized, allowing adjacent modules to share at least a portion of the SFRS or the outer frame of the adjacent module. Preferably, each of two or more modular frames includes the seismic grid frame structure of the present invention, wherein adjacent modular frames are arranged in an assembly to share at least a portion of the SFRS between adjacent modular frames, such that each modular frame includes a grid with a predetermined number of grid elements supported by the outer frame. The versatility of the SFRS of the present invention, which can form an outer frame around the grid frame structure, allows adjacent grid frame structures to share portions of the peripheral support structure of adjacent modules. Each modular frame includes a predetermined number of grid elements. Adjacent modules can be joined together to increase the storage capacity of the grid frame structure. To share at least a portion of the SFRS, preferably, the grid of the adjacent modular frame extends through the outer frame of the adjacent modular frame. The outer frame of the present invention includes a peripheral support structure substantially surrounding the grid. By sharing the outer frame between adjacent modular frames, the grids of adjacent modular frames share at least a portion of the peripheral support structure shared between adjacent modular frames, such as vertical frame columns and at least one support member.

[0040] Due to the versatility and bending moment resistance of the SFRS of this invention, other structural systems can be integrated into the peripheral support structure of this invention. Preferably, at least one mezzanine is placed between two or more modular frames such that the grid of the two or more modular frames extends through the at least one mezzanine. The mezzanine provides a service area within the grid frame structure to house picking stations and / or service stations for servicing loading and / or charging stations for charging rechargeable power sources (e.g., batteries) built into the loading and processing equipment. Preferably, the at least one mezzanine is supported by two or more modular frames such that the mezzanine shares at least one vertical frame column shared between the two or more modular frames. To integrate the mezzanine within the grid frame structure, preferably, the at least one mezzanine shares at least one vertical frame column between two or more adjacent modular frames. The at least two vertical frame columns supporting the mezzanine can themselves be supported to resist lateral forces. Preferably, the at least two vertical frame columns shared by the at least one mezzanine are supported by at least one support member. More preferably, the at least one support member is a diagonal support member. The mezzanine can also provide structural support for the seismic grid frame structure by supporting the two vertical frame columns.

[0041] To prevent the movement of the modular frames, including the grid frame structure, from being transmitted to the mezzanine, especially when the mezzanine is used as a picking station, the mezzanine is preferably connected to two or more modular frames via one or more moving joints, allowing the mezzanine and the one or more modular frames to move independently of each other during seismic activity. In other words, the mezzanine is separated from the movement of the two or more modular frames, thus providing more individual protection for the work area enclosed by the mezzanine.

[0042] Furthermore, adjacent modular frames share a common perimeter support structure between adjacent modular frames, so that adjacent grids are supported by a common perimeter support structure, such as vertical frame columns and at least one support member. Adjacent modular frames can also share a common crash barrier for components installed to one or more grids.

[0043] According to another aspect of the present invention, a storage system is provided, comprising:

[0044] i) The seismic-resistant grid frame structure according to the present invention described above;

[0045] ii) A stack of containers arranged in storage columns located below the grid, wherein each storage column is vertically located below the grid cell;

[0046] iii) A plurality of loading and handling devices for lifting and moving containers stacked in a stack, the plurality of loading and handling devices being remotely operated to move laterally on a grid above the storage column to access the containers through a generally rectangular framework, each of the plurality of loading and handling devices comprising:

[0047] a) A wheel assembly used to guide the loading and processing equipment on the grid;

[0048] b) The container receiving space located above the grid; and

[0049] c) Lifting a single container from the stack to the container receiving space using lifting equipment.

[0050] According to another aspect of the present invention, a storage system is provided, comprising:

[0051] i) Components of two or more modular frames, wherein each of the two or more modular frames includes the seismic grid frame structure of the present invention;

[0052] ii) A stack of containers arranged in storage columns located below the grid, wherein each storage column is vertically located below the grid cell;

[0053] iii) A plurality of loading and handling devices for lifting and moving containers stacked in a stack, the plurality of loading and handling devices being remotely operated to move laterally on a grid above the storage column to access the containers through a generally rectangular framework, each of the plurality of loading and handling devices comprising:

[0054] a) A wheel assembly used to guide the loading and processing equipment on the grid;

[0055] b) The container receiving space located above the grid; and

[0056] c) Lifting a single container from the stack to the container receiving space using lifting equipment.

[0057] Other features of the invention will become apparent from the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0058] Other features and aspects of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0059] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the grid framework structure of a known system;

[0060] Figure 2 is a top view showing the stacking of boxes arranged within the frame structure of Figure 1;

[0061] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a system of known loading and processing equipment operating on a grid frame structure;

[0062] Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of the loading and processing equipment, showing the lifting device clamping the container from above;

[0063] Figures 5(a) and 5(b) are schematic cross-sectional views of the loading and processing equipment of Figure 4, showing (a) the container receiving space of the loading and processing equipment and (b) the container housed in the container receiving space of the loading and processing equipment.

[0064] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of a grid frame structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 6b This is a top plan view of the grid frame structure layout in a typical performance center according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 6c This is a side view model diagram of a typical execution center according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 6d This is a perspective view illustrating the arrangement of upright columns according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, which forms vertical storage positions or grid columns for stacking containers between the upright columns.

[0068] Figure 6e It is an illustration of panels surrounding a grid frame structure;

[0069] Figure 6f This is an illustration of a mesh panel according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 6g This is a perspective view of the panel and support structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional top view of the arrangement of upright columns or upright members in a grid frame structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 8 It is a perspective view of the storage space or storage column within the grid frame structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of an adjustable foot according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 10 This is a perspective view showing the insertion portion or cap of the adjustable foot according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 11 (a to c) are schematic diagrams of a support tower according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 12 This is a plan view of the distribution of support towers within a grid frame structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of connecting diagonal braces to the flange of a support tower according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 14 This is an enlarged view of a support tower according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, showing the connection between the diagonal braces and the central upright column;

[0079] Figure 15 This is an enlarged view of a support tower according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, showing the connection between the diagonal braces and the central upright column;

[0080] Figure 16a This is a side view of the anchor foot according to the second specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 16b This is a top view of the anchor foot according to the second specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 17 This is a perspective view of the grid element pattern of the grid according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0083] Figure 18 This is a perspective view of a cover plate for connecting adjacent grid elements at an intersection, according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0084] Figure 19 This is a perspective view of a cover plate according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, which links adjacent grid elements by connecting the ends of the grid elements at the intersection.

[0085] Figure 20 This is a perspective view of a cover plate according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, which links adjacent grid elements at the intersection by connecting the central portion of the grid element and the end of the adjacent grid element.

[0086] Figure 21 This is a perspective view of a cover plate assembled to an upright column according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, used to connect adjacent grid elements together at the intersection of grid elements.

[0087] Figure 22 This is a perspective view of the grid element pattern at the intersection point according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0088] Figure 23 This is a perspective view of a grid element or track support according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0089] Figure 24 This is according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. Figure 20 The perspective section view along line XX shows the joint between adjacent grid elements at the intersection;

[0090] Figure 25 This is a perspective view of a track element according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0091] Figure 26 This is a perspective view of the track arrangement at the intersection of grid elements according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0092] Figure 27 This is a perspective view of the seismic-resistant grid frame structure according to the first specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0093] Figure 28 This is a perspective view of the seismic-resistant grid frame structure according to the second specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0094] Figure 29 This is illustrated in a specific embodiment of the present invention. Figure 27 and Figure 28 A perspective view of the grid supported at the boundary of the seismic grid frame structure shown.

[0095] Figure 30This is a top plan view of the seismic-resistant grid frame structure according to a first specific embodiment of the present invention, showing the arrangement of the supports;

[0096] Figure 31 This is a top plan view of a seismic-resistant grid frame structure according to another specific embodiment of the present invention, showing the arrangement of supports;

[0097] Figure 32 This is a perspective cross-sectional view of an earthquake-resistant grid frame structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, showing the cross-sectional outline of the grid members;

[0098] Figure 33 It is the distribution of bending moments across the grid when a vierendeel truss is in operation;

[0099] Figure 34 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of subframes constituting a seismic-resistant grid frame structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0100] Figure 35 This is a top view schematic diagram of the sub-frame of the grid in the seismic-resistant grid frame structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0101] Figure 36 This is a bottom schematic diagram of the sub-frame of the mesh of the seismic-resistant grid frame structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0102] Figure 37 This is a schematic diagram of a sub-framework for a grid edge according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, showing a connection plate for connecting to the SFRS;

[0103] Figure 38 This is a top plan view of a sub-frame supported by SFRS according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0104] Figure 39 This is a cross-sectional view of the connection between the track and track support of the grid element of the seismic grid frame structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0105] Figure 40 This is a modular top plan view of the seismic-resistant grid frame structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0106] Figure 41 is a schematic diagram of a known fulfillment center, showing the interlayer between adjacent grid frame structures;

[0107] Figure 42 This is a cross-sectional view of a modular mesh frame structure incorporating an integrated interlayer according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0108] Figure 43This is a top plan view of the performance center of the interlayer incorporated according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0109] Figure 44 A mezzanine connected to a support structure via one or more movable joints is shown according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0110] Figure 45 One possible specific implementation of the movable joint is shown;

[0111] Figure 46 Possible configurations of the movable joint connected to the interlayer are shown;

[0112] Figure 47 Different configurations of the movable joint connected to the interlayer are shown;

[0113] Figure 48 It shows Figure 47 Different views of the configuration;

[0114] Figure 49 This is a perspective view of a collision barrier at the edge of a grid according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0115] Grid frame structure

[0116] Figure 6 A perspective view of a grid frame structure 114 according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is shown. The basic components of the grid frame structure 114 according to the present invention include a grid 50 located in a horizontal plane and mounted to a plurality of upright columns or upright members 116. The terms "upright member," "upright column," and "vertical column" are used interchangeably in the description to refer to the same thing or feature. Figure 6As shown, the grid 50 includes a series of horizontally intersecting beams or grid members 118, 120 arranged to form several rectangular frames 54. More specifically, a first set of grid members 118 extends in a first direction x, and a second set of grid members 120 extends in a second direction y, the second set of grid members 120 running transversely to the first set of grid members 118 in a substantially horizontal plane. The first and second sets of grid members respectively support first and second sets of tracks 57a, 57b for loading and processing equipment to move one or more containers on the grid frame structure. For the purposes of this invention, intersections 56 constitute nodes of the grid structure. Each rectangular frame 54 constitutes a grid cell, and the dimensions of the rectangular frames 54 are suitable for remotely operated loading and processing equipment or robots traveling on the grid frame structure to retrieve and lower one or more containers stacked between uprights 116. By being mounted to several uprights 116 at the intersections or nodes 56 of the grid members 118, 120, the grid 50 is raised above the ground to form several vertical storage locations 58 for stacking containers between the uprights 116 via several basic rectangular frames 54 and guided vertically by the uprights 116. For the purposes of this invention, the container stack may comprise several containers or one or more containers. The grid frame structure 114 can be considered as a set of straight lines supporting the grid 50, formed by intersecting horizontal grid members 118, 120 (i.e., four-walled frames). Two or more uprights are supported by at least one diagonal support member to provide one or more support towers 80 within the grid frame structure 114. For the purposes of this invention, the terms "vertical upright," "upright," and "upright member" are used interchangeably in the description.

[0117] Upon receiving an order, an operable loading and handling device moving along a track is instructed to pick up a storage box containing the ordered goods from a stack within a grid frame structure and transport the storage box to a picking station. The goods can then be retrieved from the storage box and transferred to one or more delivery containers. Typically, the picking station includes a container transport assembly to transport one or more containers to an access station where the contents of the containers can be accessed. The container transport assembly is typically a transport system comprising multiple adjacent transport units.

[0118] A typical layout of a fulfillment center for order fulfillment is as follows: Figure 6bAs shown. The fulfillment center comprises two distinct grid areas, referred to as the ambient grid area 114b and the refrigerated grid area 114c. Each of the ambient grid area 114b and the refrigerated grid area 114c includes a grid frame structure, i.e., the ambient grid area 114b includes a first grid frame structure 114b, and the refrigerated grid area 114c includes a second grid frame structure 114c. For the purposes of this invention, the ambient grid area 114b stores food and grocery goods at an ambient controlled temperature. For the purposes of this invention, the ambient controlled temperature covers a range of essentially 4°C to essentially 21°C, preferably essentially 4°C to essentially 18°C. Similarly, the refrigerated grid area 114c stores food and grocery goods at a refrigerated temperature. For the purposes of this invention, the refrigerated temperature covers a range of essentially 0°C to essentially 4°C. Both grid areas—the ambient and the refrigerated areas—are filled with containers (also referred to as storage containers, boxes, or storage crates) containing various grocery products. The containers may be plastic or any other suitable material. The heights of each grid region 114b and 114c can be different. For example, in Figure 6b and 6c In the fulfillment center shown, most of the environmental grid area consists of stacks of 21 containers high (approximately 7.7m), the refrigerated grid area consists of stacks of 8 containers high (approximately 3.0m), and the grid area above the picking station consists of stacks of 1 container high (approximately 448mm). Containers are stacked on the floor and placed between grid posts.

[0119] Each grid area includes a passageway 117, which is called a picking aisle. The passageway 117 accommodates one or more picking stations for picking up goods from storage bins or containers and transferring them to one or more delivery containers. Figure 6c A side view model of the frozen grid area 114c is shown, and the picking aisle 117 between the two grid areas is shown. Figure 6c A separate area is also shown, provided by incorporating a mezzanine supported by vertical beams within an adjacent grid frame structure. The mezzanine can be a freestanding structure. The mezzanine provides passageways to accommodate, for example, a picking station and / or any of the aforementioned stations.

[0120] Storage containers or bins for storing goods and general merchandise are transported to picking stations in the picking aisle by loading and handling equipment operating on a grid. At the picking station, one or more goods are picked from the storage bins or containers and transferred to one or more delivery containers. Figure 6d A perspective view is shown of uprights arranged to form a vertical storage position 58 for storing the container 10 within the vertical storage position 58. Figure 6d The bottom shows a representation of the vertical stacking of containers 10 between upright columns 116.

[0121] For health, safety, and operational reasons, panel 127 is used to restrict and contain access to the grid frame structure. Panel 127 is directly attached to the building structure or mezzanine columns or panel support columns 128. Depending on the structural requirements, different types of panels are used at different locations around the grid frame structure. These include trapezoidal panels, which are corrugated metal sheets used throughout the fulfillment center to separate the grid area from the sidewalk (see [link]). Figure 6e The outline of the trapezoidal panel shape is shown in... Figure 6e The bottom. Panels separating picking aisles in the refrigerated area can be made of mesh to allow for air circulation. Figure 6f The mesh paneling in the middle reveals upright column 116. Panel support rods 128 and panel 127 are secured along the mezzanine column using suitable beam clamps (see [reference]). Figure 6f ).like Figure 6g As shown, panel 127 is attached to panel support rod 128. (As indicated...) Figure 6g As shown, the bottom of the panel is fixed to the kick plate (not shown), and the top of the panel is fixed by a cover rail 125. The cover rail 125 is... Figure 6g The enlarged view on the right clearly shows this.

[0122] The components of the mesh frame structure 114 will be discussed in more detail below.

[0123] Upright column or upright component or vertical column

[0124] Figure 7 A top cross-sectional view of the upright column 116 of the present invention is shown, which is arranged within a grid frame structure to provide storage space 58 for containers 110 in a stack (see [reference]). Figure 8 The containers 110 are guided along the uprights 116 and through the grid cells 54. The spacing between the uprights is sized to accommodate one or more containers or storage boxes 110 that are generally rectangular in shape within the stack. Each upright is generally tubular. Figure 8 In the transverse section of the horizontal plane of the storage location 58, each upright 116 includes a hollow central portion 70, wherein one or more guides 72 are mounted to or formed to at least one wall of the upright 116, the at least one wall extending along the longitudinal length of the upright 116 for guiding the movement of the container. The hollow central portion 70 of the upright helps to reduce the weight of the grid frame structure. Figure 7 In the specific embodiment shown, the hollow central portion 70 of the upright column is a box-like portion. A guide or corner portion 72 is installed or formed at at least one corner of the box-like portion. However, there are no limitations on the cross-sectional shape of the hollow central portion of the upright column as a box-like portion; other cross-sectional shapes (e.g., circular, triangular) are also suitable for the present invention.

[0125] like Figure 7As shown, the uprights 116 are spaced apart such that guides 72 installed at the corners of different container sections cooperate with each other to provide a single storage location 58 for guiding containers in a stack to move vertically along the uprights. Depending on the position of the uprights 116 in the grid frame structure, the guides 72 are installed to one or all four corners of the container section of the upright 116. For example, when forming part of the outer wall-shaped frame of the grid frame structure, only one or two corners of the hollow central section may include guides or corner portions 72 to cooperate with one or two corners of the containers in the stack. When the uprights 116 are located inside the grid frame structure, all four corners of the central section of the container include guides or corner portions 72, with each upright 116 arranged to cooperate with the corners of four containers 110.

[0126] In a particular embodiment of the invention, each guide 72 is shown as V-shaped or having a 90° cross-sectional profile, the shape of which may mate with or accommodate the corner profiles of a generally rectangular corner of the container. Figure 7 As shown, the guide includes two vertical plates 72a, 72b (two container guide plates perpendicular to each other) extending longitudinally along the length of the upright column 116. Figure 7 The attached plate 72c extends along the length of the upright column and is used to connect the V-shaped guide to the corner of the hollow center portion 70 at the top of the V-shaped guide. The attached plate 72c is used to space the V-shaped guide from the corner of the hollow center portion 70, such that the guide 72 including the spacer 72c has an overall Y-shaped cross-sectional profile.

[0127] The upright column 116 of the present invention can be formed as a single body, for example by extrusion. Different materials can be used to manufacture the upright column, including but not limited to metals such as aluminum, steel, or even composite materials with sufficient structural rigidity to support the grid and the load-bearing device traveling on the grid structure.

[0128] By means of one or more spacers or struts 74 connected between adjacent uprights 116, at least a portion of the uprights 116 maintain a spatial relationship with each other in the grid frame structure (see [link]). Figure 8 The spacer 74 extends transversely (or perpendicularly) to the longitudinal direction of the uprights 116 and is bolted or riveted to the opposite walls of two adjacent uprights by one or more bolts or rivets. The length of the spacer or strut 74 is sized such that adjacent uprights 116 are sufficiently spaced to occupy one or more containers in a stack between the uprights 116. Figure 8 A perspective view of four upright posts 116 is shown, which are spaced apart from each other by one or more spacers or struts 74 to form a storage post or storage location 58 sized to accommodate one or more containers in a stack.

[0129] The spacer ring 74 is sized to fit between the corner portions of the guides 72, including the uprights 116, thereby allowing the uprights to accommodate stacks of containers between adjacent uprights 116, i.e., the spacer ring does not obstruct or cross the area (or vertical storage position) occupied by the guides 72 or guide plates at the corners of the uprights (see See [link]). Figure 7 One or more spacers / struts 74 are distributed at intervals along the length of two adjacent uprights 116 in the grid frame structure (see...). Figure 8 ). Figure 8 An embodiment of the storage location or storage column of the present invention is shown for occupying one or more containers in a stack, the storage location or storage column comprising four adjacent upright columns that are spaced apart within a grid frame structure by one or more spacers or struts 74.

[0130] Since the loading and handling equipment, which is largely operated remotely, travels on the grid structure, and it is necessary to prevent any tracks or paths from being damaged due to height differences between one or more uprights 116 in the grid frame structure, it is crucial that the grid be substantially level in the horizontal plane. To reduce the potential height differences between one or more uprights 116 in the grid frame structure, the height and level of the grid are adjusted by adjustable feet 90 at the lower end (first end) of one or more uprights 116 (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 8 ).

[0131] Figure 9 The adjustable foot 90 shown includes a base plate 92 and a threaded spindle or rod 94, which can be coupled with... Figure 10 The individual push-fit cap or plug 96 shown is threadedly engaged. The push-fit cap 96 is arranged to fit tightly onto the lower end of the upright 116 to adjust the height of the upright. Figure 9 and 10The push-fit cap 96 shown includes an insertion portion 98 shaped to be inserted into the hollow center portion of the upright column. A lip 100 is formed around the periphery of the insertion portion 98, which is arranged to abut the edge of the hollow center portion 70 when the insertion portion 98 is received within the hollow center portion of the upright column. The push-fit cap or plug 96 includes one or more compression clips or retaining clips 102 arranged around the insertion portion 98 to form a tight fit when the insertion portion 98 of the push-fit cap or plug 96 is inserted into the hollow center portion 70 of the upright column 116. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the shape of the insertion portion 98 is such that it forms a tight fit when inserted into the housing portion of the upright column. To create a tight fit between the insertion portion 98 and the hollow center portion of the upright column 116, the insertion portion 98 includes four walls 104, each wall 104 having one or more openings 106 for receiving one or more retaining clips or compression clips 102. One or more retaining clips 102 may be made of an elastic material (e.g., rubber). Together with the retaining clips 102, the insertion portion 98 is slightly larger than the hollow central portion 70 of the upright post 116 (which is the housing portion) to form a tight fit when the insertion portion 98 is inserted into the housing portion 70 of the upright post 116. In another description, the push-fit cap or plug 96 includes four corner portions, each of the four corner portions including two vertical strips or plates arranged at the corner of the base plate of the push-fit cap or plug 96. The dimensions of the space between the corner portions are sufficient to receive one or more retaining clips 102.

[0132] The push-fit cap 96 includes a threaded hole 108 for threaded engagement with the threaded spindle 94 of the adjustable foot 90. One or more webs 115 extending from each tip of the corner portion to the threaded hole 108 enhance the structural integrity of the push-fit cap 96. The push-fit cap 96 of the present invention can be made of metal or other suitable materials, such as metal, plastic, ceramic, and can be formed from a separate part, preferably as a single body, for example, by casting or molding.

[0133] In use, the threaded spindle 94 engages with the threaded hole 108 of the push-fit cap 96. The rotation of the threaded spindle 94 changes the distance between the base plate 92 resting on the floor and the push-fit cap 96, thereby changing the height of the uprights in the grid frame structure.

[0134] Support tower

[0135] The grid frame structure 114 can be considered as a self-supporting (or self-supporting) collection of straight columns 116 supporting a grid formed by intersecting horizontal beams or grid members (i.e., a four-walled frame). While spacers or struts 74 connecting adjacent columns 116 provide some degree of structural stiffness to the grid frame structure 114, the structural stiffness and moment resistance of the grid frame structure are primarily provided by incorporating one or more truss components or support towers 80 that are at least partially surrounding the perimeter and / or body of the grid frame structure (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 6 Truss assemblies can have triangular or other non-trapezoidal shapes. For example, a truss assembly can be any type of truss that provides structural stiffness to the grid frame structure against lateral forces, including but not limited to Warren trusses, K trusses, Fink trusses, Pratt trusses, Gambrel trusses, or Howe trusses. Bolts or other suitable attachments can be used to secure the diagonal braces to the uprights.

[0136] like Figure 11 As shown, a support tower 80 according to a specific embodiment of the present invention can be formed by rigidly connecting a subset or subgroup of several upright or vertical columns 116 through one or more angled supports, diagonal braces, or diagonal support members 82. For the purposes of the present invention, the diagonal braces 82 cooperate with the upright columns 116 in the support tower 80 to form one or more triangles. The subset of several upright columns supported together to form the support tower 80 of the present invention can be two or more adjacent upright columns 116, which are located in the same or a single vertical plane and connected together by one or more diagonal braces 82. In other words, the two or more adjacent upright columns 116 connected by one or more diagonal braces 82 are located in the same or a single vertical plane, i.e., they are coplanar. The one or more subgroups of upright columns 116 supported by one or more diagonal braces 82 within the grid frame structure improve the structural stiffness of the grid frame structure.

[0137] Not all uprights 116 are rigidly connected together by support components. The remaining uprights that do not form the support tower 80 are spatially connected within the grid frame structure by one or more spacers or struts 74 as described above (see [link]). Figure 8 Typically, one or more spacers 74 are made of sheet metal (e.g., steel). Figure 12A top plan or bird's-eye view of a portion of a grid frame structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, illustrating the distribution of support towers and spacers linking adjacent uprights 116 together. Here, each of the three support towers 80 can be shown as a subgroup of three uprights 116a, 116b, 116c, each of the three support towers lying in a single vertical plane, i.e., they are coplanar. The remaining uprights not connected by one or more diagonal braces are spaced apart in the grid frame structure by one or more spacers or struts 74, 74b. Compared to one or more diagonal braces 82 connecting adjacent uprights 116a, 116b, 116c in the support towers 80, the spacers or struts 74, 74b extend in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the uprights 116. This can be clearly shown in Figure 8 The storage column shown in the embodiment.

[0138] Figure 12 The distribution of spacers 74 and 74b separating the upright columns 116 is shown. Figure 12Two types of spacers 74, 74b are shown connecting adjacent uprights to the uprights 116 forming the support tower 80. The uprights 116a, 116b, 116c forming the support tower 80 are connected to one or more diagonal braces 82. Spacers 74b located in or extending in a vertical plane perpendicular to the vertical plane containing the uprights of the support tower 80 are mostly structural spacers 74b, and spacers 74 extending laterally or to the side of the support tower 80 to the adjacent uprights 116 are mostly standard spacers 74. The two different types of spacers 74, 74b depend on whether one or more spacers are located in a plane perpendicular to the vertical plane containing the uprights 116a, 116b, 116c of the support tower 80, or in the same vertical plane as the support tower 80 (the support tower is located in a single plane). In embodiments of the invention, the uprights 116a, 116b, 116c forming the support tower 80 can be connected to adjacent uprights via one or more structural spacers or struts 74b extending in a vertical plane perpendicular to the vertical plane in which the support tower is located. In other words, the uprights 116a, 116b, 116c constituting the support tower 80 are located in a first vertical plane, while the structural spacers 74b connecting the support tower 80 to adjacent uprights 116 are located in a second vertical plane; the second vertical plane is perpendicular to the first vertical plane. The structural spacers 74b differ from the spacers (standard spacers) 74 that connect other remaining uprights within a grid frame structure in that they more substantially include one or more reinforcements to structurally support the spacers 74b. Reinforcements include, but are not limited to, the thickness or width of the metal sheets constituting the spacers, or may include reinforcing beams. However, there is no limitation on the type of spacers used to space the uprights 116 within the grid frame structure and to connect the remaining uprights 116 adjacent to the support tower 80 of the present invention, i.e., the remaining uprights not supported by one or more diagonal braces are spaced apart by standard spacers 74 throughout the grid frame structure.

[0139] The number of subgroups of uprights forming the support towers 80 of the present invention are rigidly connected together by support components (one or more diagonal braces) within a grid frame structure, and thus, the distribution of the support towers 80 depends on a number of factors, including but not limited to ground conditions (e.g., soil conditions), environmental factors (e.g., temperature), and lateral forces generated by the loading and handling equipment. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the support towers 80 are distributed within the grid frame structure to provide support from external forces in the x and y directions. To do this, one or more support towers 80 are oriented within the grid frame structure 114 such that one or more support towers 80 are located in a first vertical plane and one or more support towers are located in a second vertical plane, the first vertical plane being perpendicular to the second vertical plane. In another embodiment, the support towers 80 may be alternated between uprights 116 within the body of the grid frame structure, such that each support tower is adjacent to an equal number of uprights 116. As described above, the support towers 80 are separated from adjacent uprights within the grid frame structure by one or more spacers or struts 74, 74b. In a given storage system including a grid frame structure, the number of uprights occupied by support towers (i.e., one or more diagonal braces rigidly connected together) ranges from 2% to 50% of all uprights.

[0140] To maximize the available space or area for storing containers, subsets or subgroups of adjacent uprights 116 forming the support tower 80, as well as one or more diagonal braces 82 connecting the subgroups of uprights, are all located in the same or a single vertical plane, i.e., they are coplanar. One or more diagonal braces 82 connecting subsets of adjacent uprights 116 in the support tower constitute a support plane. In the support tower of the present invention, the uprights of the support tower are located in a vertical plane parallel to the support plane. By supporting one or more adjacent uprights located in a single vertical plane or coplanar, the ability of the uprights to be arranged to accommodate stacked containers is not affected, i.e., the density of containers that can be stored in the grid frame structure is increased. In other words, the support members 82 do not pass through the storage location where containers are stacked, nor do they hinder the guidance of containers along adjacent uprights.

[0141] exist Figure 11 In a specific embodiment of the invention shown, each support tower 80 includes three parallel uprights located in a single vertical plane (coplanar), the three uprights being rigidly connected together by a plurality of diagonal braces 82. Two of the three uprights 116a, 116b are placed laterally on either side of the central upright 116c, and the two laterally placed uprights 116a, 116b are rigidly connected to the central upright 116c by a plurality of diagonal braces 82. Another way to describe the support tower 80 is as two outer uprights 116a, 116b on either side of the central upright 116c. Figure 11As shown, in each support tower 80, the outer uprights 116a, 116b are connected together by one or more cross bracing members, and the intermediate uprights 116c meet at the intersection of the cross bracing (more specifically, the support member 82 is used to connect the outer uprights to the intermediate uprights 116c on both sides of the intermediate uprights).

[0142] In the support tower 80 of the present invention, one end of the diagonal support member 82 is connected to the intermediate upright column via a connecting plate 130. The connecting plate 130 is inserted into a slot through the hollow center portion of the intermediate upright column 116c in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the upright column. Figure 14 As shown in the enlarged view of the central upright column, the connecting plate 130 is inserted through a slot in the opposite wall of the hollow central portion 70 of the upright column.

[0143] Each diagonal brace 82 has a width that allows it to fit between two parallel guides or guides at the corner portion 72 of the upright 116, so that the diagonal brace 82 does not impair the upright 116's ability to accommodate stacked containers. In other words, the diagonal brace 82 does not intersect or pass through adjacent guides or guides 72 at the corner of the upright (see...). Figure 7 To prevent the support member 82 from obstructing adjacent guide plates and thus damaging the area where containers are stacked or the storage location, slots for receiving the connecting plate 130 extend between the guides 72 at the corners of the uprights 116, such that when the support member 82 is connected to the connecting plate 130, the support member 82 does not obstruct the guides 72 from vertically guiding the containers along the uprights 116.

[0144] The opposite ends of the connecting plate 130 include one or more holes for secure attachment to the ends of the diagonal support members 82 by suitable bolts. Both ends of the connecting plate 130 are securely attached to the diagonal support members 82 on either side of the intermediate upright 116c, such that the connecting plate 130 is subjected to tension within the support tower 80. The second end 82b of the support member 82 is bolted to the outer uprights 116a, 116b via flange plates 122 that are securely attached to them (see...). Figure 13 — The first end 82a of the diagonal brace 82 is connected to the connecting plate 130. In Figure 13 In a specific embodiment of the invention shown, flange 122 includes angle steel bolted to external uprights 116a, 116b by bolts 123. To ensure that the ends of the diagonal braces 82 are connected between the guides 72 and thus do not interrupt one or more containers traveling along the guides, flange 122 is fixedly attached between the guides 72, and a second end 82a of the diagonal braces 82 is connected between the guides 72.

[0145] according to Figure 14In the first specific embodiment of the invention shown, to secure the diagonal support member 82 to the connecting plate 130, the connecting plate 130 includes an insert plate 124, which is arranged to be inserted through a slot extending through the hollow central portion 70 of the intermediate upright 116c. Wing plates 126 are bolted to both sides of the insert plate 124 for connecting the support member 82 to the connecting plate 130. The use of multiple plates 124, 126 constituting the connecting plate 130 allows for the use of a smaller insert plate 124, and therefore, the wing plates 126 bolted to the insert plate 124 bear the load applied to the connecting plate 130. However, according to... Figure 14 The problem with the connecting plate 130 of the first embodiment of the present invention shown is that multiple bolts are required to rigidly connect the support member 82 to the intermediate upright column 116c. Figure 14 In the specific embodiment of the invention shown, each wing 126 is bolted to the insert plate 124 by four bolts. Two additional bolts are used to connect the end (second end) of the support member 82 to the top and bottom of each wing 126.

[0146] exist Figure 15 In the improved version of the connecting plate 130 according to the second embodiment of the invention shown, a single connecting plate 130 is shown instead of multiple connecting plates. The insert plate and the wing plate are made into a single connecting plate 130, sized to insert into a slot in the intermediate upright 116c. Removing the individual wing plates eliminates the need to bolt the individual wing plates to the insert plate, thus eliminating the need for multiple bolts to connect the diagonal support members 82 to the intermediate upright 116c. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the single connecting plate 130 is inserted into a slot extending in the hollow central portion of the intermediate upright 116c. The support members 82 are bolted to each corner of the connecting plate 130. To accommodate the connecting plate 130 according to the second embodiment of the invention without affecting the structural integrity of the uprights and the storage location for accommodating stacked containers between adjacent uprights, the hollow central portion of each upright can be made larger, i.e., the cross-sectional area of ​​the hollow central portion 70 is larger. In the case where the hollow central portion of the upright column is a box-shaped portion including four walls, the width of the walls can be increased to provide a larger box-shaped portion 70 to accommodate the connecting plate 130 without obstructing the guide 72 at the corner of the box-shaped portion 70.

[0147] Multiple connecting plates 130 are spaced apart along the longitudinal length of the intermediate upright 116c, such that diagonal support members 82 connecting the outer uprights 116a, 116b and the intermediate upright 116c form a series of triangular braces on both sides of the intermediate upright 116c. The support members on both sides of the intermediate upright 116c cooperate with the outer uprights 116a, 116b to provide a unified truss assembly or support tower 80 with cross braces.

[0148] Support tower feet

[0149] One or more support towers 80 are anchored to a concrete foundation. The support towers 80 are used to transfer the lateral forces experienced by the grid 50 to the floor. The support towers 80 are anchored to the concrete foundation via one or more anchor feet 132 (see [link to anchor foot 132]). Figure 11 and 15 ).exist Figure 11 and Figure 15 In the specific embodiment shown, the external uprights 116a, 116b, or the laterally placed uprights 116a, 116b, are anchored to a concrete foundation by one or more anchor feet 132, and the intermediate upright 116c is supported on the adjustable foot 90 as described above. The lower end (first end) of the support tower is anchored to the concrete foundation by one or more anchor bolts. Various types of anchor feet 132a, 132b used to rigidly anchor the support tower to the concrete foundation are applicable to the present invention. The anchor feet are used to bear the upright loading and support loading of the support assembly 82 of the support tower 80.

[0150] Figure 11 Figures c and 16 illustrate two embodiments of the anchor foot according to the invention for anchoring a support tower to a concrete foundation. Compared to the anchor foot shown in Figure 16, Figure 11 The anchor shown in c is significantly larger and heavier than the anchor shown in Figure 16. Figure 11 Anchor 132a, as shown in diagram c, is made into a T-joint, comprising a base plate 133 located in a horizontal plane for anchoring to the floor by one or more anchor bolts, and an anchor plate 134 perpendicular to the base plate 133 for attachment to the lower end of the uprights and the end of the support member 82. The anchor plate 134 is oriented such that the surface of the anchor plate 134 having the largest surface area lies in the same vertical plane as the three uprights 116a, 116b, 116c of the support tower 80; for example, the surface of the anchor plate 134 having the largest surface area is coplanar with the upright members 116a, 116b, 116c of the support tower 80. Figure 11 The problem with anchor 132a shown in c is its considerable weight, which makes manufacturing the anchor very expensive.

[0151] Figure 16 illustrates an alternative anchor foot 132b according to a second embodiment of the invention for anchoring a support tower 80 to a concrete foundation. Instead of a solid rectangular base plate 133, this anchor foot is topology-optimized, optimizing the material layout within a given design space for a given load set. The two loads considered in the topology optimization of the anchor foot are loads from uprights 116a, 116b, 116c and support member 82. Based on the constraints given by the applied loads, the anchor foot 132b of the invention includes a stabilizer 136 comprising a plurality of discrete fingers or toes 138 extending from the upright portion 140, such that the load is distributed among the fingers 138, for example, between separate fingers. In a specific embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 16, the upright portion 140 includes an anchor plate arranged to be rigidly connected to the uprights 116a, 116b and the diagonal brace 82 by one or more bolts to bear the loads of the uprights 116a, 116b and the applied loads of the diagonal brace 82. Figure 11 Similar to the anchor plate 134 in the first specific embodiment of the present invention shown in c, the anchor plate 140 is oriented such that the surface of the anchor plate 140 having the largest surface area is located in the same vertical plate as the three upright columns 116a, 116b, 116c constituting the support tower 80 of the present invention (see [reference]). Figure 11 Using the terminology of this invention, the surfaces of the uprights 116a, 116b, 116c, the diagonal brace 82, and the anchor plates 134, 140 are all located in the same plane, i.e., they are coplanar.

[0152] One or more discrete fingers 138 of the anchor foot 132b extend from the upright portion 140 in two or more different directions, either over or outward, to provide improved stability of the anchor foot 132b. The one or more fingers 138 have different lengths to contribute to the stability of the anchor foot 132b of the present invention. The lengths of the fingers 138 can vary, thereby providing stability to the support tower 80 at different levels. One or more connecting webs 142 are used to support the one or more fingers 138 against axial movement. The anchor foot 132b is anchored to the concrete foundation by one or more bolts through holes in the fingers 138 of the anchor foot 132b.

[0153] In a particular embodiment of the invention, five fingers 138 of different lengths are shown (see [reference]). Figure 16b These extend from the upright portion 140 and have holes at the distal end of the finger portion 138 for anchoring the anchor foot to the ground via anchor bolts. The anchor foot 132b according to a second embodiment of the invention can be formed as a single body (e.g., cast) or as separate components joined together (e.g., welded).

[0154] Grid structure

[0155] The grid 50, mounted to the upright post 116, includes a plurality of grid members 118, 120 arranged to form a grid pattern comprising one or more rectangular frames, each rectangular frame constituting a grid cell 54 positioned above a storage location for one or more containers in a stack to be retrieved by a loading and handling device operating on the grid. The grid includes a first set of parallel grid members 118 extending in a first direction x, and a second set of parallel grid members 120 extending in a second direction y. The second set of grid members 118 is perpendicular to the first set of grid members 120 in a substantially horizontal plane to form a grid structure comprising a plurality of grid cells 54. Since the grid is located in a horizontal plane, the first and second directions are along the X-axis and Y-axis, respectively (see [reference]). Figure 17 Several upright columns are interconnected at their tops via a first set of grid members 118 extending in a first direction and a second set of grid members 120 extending in a second direction. The interconnection between the grid members at the tops of the upright columns will be discussed in further detail below. Figure 17 A top view of a grid structure 50 according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0156] Each grid member 118, 120 includes a track support with a mounted track. The track may be a separate component of the grid member, or alternatively, the track support may be integrated into the grid member as a single entity, forming part of the grid member. The loading and handling equipment is operable to move along the track of the grid. The grid is supported by several uprights at each intersection of the horizontal grid members 118, 120. The term "intersection" is interpreted in the broadest sense as the node where the grid members intersect at the upper ends of the uprights, or the ends where the grid members 118, 120 intersect at the uprights. For illustrative purposes, the lower ends of the uprights mounted to the floor constitute the first end of the uprights, and the upper ends of the uprights adjacent to the grid 50 constitute the second end of the uprights.

[0157] The group of parallel grid members 118, 120 can be subdivided into subsets of grid members extending in a first direction (118a, 118b) and / or a second direction (120a, 120b) of the grid frame structure. The subsets can constitute at least one grid member extending in the first or second direction within the group, such as a single grid member. At least one grid member in the subset (e.g., a single grid member) can be subdivided or divided into discontinuous grid elements (119a, 119b, 119c, etc. and 121a, 121b, 121c, etc.), which can be joined or linked together to form the grid members 118, 120 extending in the first or second direction. Figure 17 Discontinuous grid elements 119, 121 constituting a grid extending along a first axis (119) and a second axis (121) are shown.

[0158] like Figure 18 The connecting plate or cover plate 150 shown can be used to link or connect individual grid elements (119a, 119b, 119c, etc. and 121a, 121b, 121c, etc.) together in a subset in the first and second directions at the nodes where multiple grid elements intersect in the grid structure. That is, the cover plate 150 is used to connect the grid elements together to the uprights 116. Thus, the uprights are interconnected at their upper ends at the nodes where multiple grid elements intersect in the grid structure via the cover plate 150. Figure 18 As shown, the cover plate 150 is cross-shaped and has four connecting portions 152 for connecting to the ends or to any location along the length of the grid elements 119, 121 at their intersections (see Figure 152). Figure 19 and 20 For example, cover plate 150 can be used to connect to the ends of the four grid elements 119, 121, such as... Figure 19 As shown. In Figure 19 In the middle, the ends of the two mesh elements 119a and 119b are connected to the cover plate 150. Alternatively, as Figure 20 As shown, the cover plate 150 can be used to connect to three grid elements by means of an arbitrary point along the length of one grid element 121 and the ends of two other adjacent grid elements 119a, 119b. Figure 18 , 21 As shown, the cover plate 150 includes a socket or protrusion 154, sized to fit snugly into the hollow central portion 70 of the upright 116 (at the second end of the upright), for connecting several uprights to each other via grid members. The connecting portions 154 are perpendicular to each other to connect to grid members 118, 120 / grid elements 119, 121 extending in a first and a second direction. The cover plate is configured to be bolted to the end of a grid element or along the length of a grid element. However, because the number of connecting portions of the cover plate can depend on whether the cover plate is located at a corner of the grid frame structure or at one of the walls of the grid frame structure, the cover plate is not necessarily cross-shaped. For the purposes of this invention, the intersections of the grid members at the uprights constitute the nodes of the grid. The bending moment of the grid is concentrated at the nodes of the grid.

[0159] Various pattern arrangements of the grid members 118 and 120 can be used to generate the grid 50 of the present invention. For example, the grid members in the subset can be subdivided into a plurality of discontinuous grid elements 119a and 119b in a first direction and a plurality of discontinuous grid elements 121a and 121b in a second direction. Each of the plurality of grid elements can be bolted to the cover plate 150 at its respective ends in the first and second directions (X and Y directions), that is, the grid elements are connected by the cover plate in the first and second directions through their ends in the grid. Therefore, the length of each grid element in the two axial directions can be located between two adjacent uprights 116.

[0160] The problem with this arrangement is that the grid requires multiple cuts of the grid elements to connect to each upright in the grid frame structure. Consequently, the lateral forces on the grid are concentrated at the joints or nodes between the ends of the grid elements and the cap plate 150. This arrangement does not provide optimal overall distribution of lateral forces and structural integrity of the grid. An alternative arrangement to improve the structural stiffness of the grid would be grid elements 119, 121 with different lengths along the first direction, the second direction, or both. For example, two or more grid elements could be sized to extend or penetrate one or more uprights 116 in the first direction and connect to the cap plate 150 at any point along the length of the grid element. In the second direction, perpendicular to the first direction, the ends of the grid elements connect to the cap plate. While this arrangement may be beneficial in improving the structural integrity of the grid, it may be uneconomical because it requires multiple cuts of the grid members. Furthermore, it increases the complexity of assembling the grid due to the need to assemble and connect grid elements of different lengths to the uprights.

[0161] The applicant has realized that arranging the grid elements of the grid members to produce a pattern with a woven or brick-like appearance, such that adjacent parallel grid elements in the first direction are offset from at least one grid cell 54, as... Figure 17 As shown, this improves the structural integrity of the mesh and allows the use of mesh elements of the same length in both the first and second directions. Similarly, adjacent parallel mesh elements are arranged in the second direction to offset at least one mesh cell 54. Figure 22 In the exploded view of the grid pattern shown, adjacent parallel grid elements (119a and 119b; 121a and 121b) are arranged in the grid such that adjacent parallel grid elements in the first and second directions are offset from a single grid cell 54. For example, in Figure 22 In this arrangement, grid element 119a is offset from grid element 119b by a single grid cell 54 in a first direction. Similarly, grid element 121a is offset from grid element 121b by a single grid cell 54 in a second direction. In the terminology used according to the invention, this woven appearance is referred to as a layered pattern. In this grid arrangement, grid elements of the same size can be used in most grid structures—just as using bricks of the same size to create a brick-like appearance, where the bricks are arranged in an alternating pattern. Figure 17 It is evident that the grid elements are arranged in such a way that adjacent grid elements in the first and second directions intersect each other.

[0162] To achieve this pattern, the length of one or more grid elements 119, 121 of the grid members 118, 120 can extend or penetrate the upper end of one or more uprights in a first direction and / or a second direction, instead of all dimensions being set to connect to the uprights in the grid frame structure through their ends. Due to this arrangement, one or more grid elements in the first direction 119 and the second direction 121 are fixed to the uprights at different locations along the grid length via a cover plate 150. In such a way... Figure 22 In a specific embodiment of the invention shown, the length of each grid element can extend through or penetrate a single upright column.

[0163] Due to this pattern arrangement, the upper end of the upright column 116 is connected to the first grid element 121 along half its length in the first direction, and in the second direction to the ends of two other adjacent grid elements 119a, 119b on both sides of the first grid element 121 (see...). Figure 20 In this grid frame structure, the upper ends of the uprights are interconnected via the ends of supporting grid elements 119 and the centers of adjacent grid elements 121. A subset of the grid elements in the first and second directions is subdivided into several grid elements, and the grid elements 119a, 119b, 119c, 121a, 121b, and 121c in the first and second directions are staggered such that each grid element extends through or through a single upright 116, resulting in an arrangement where the grid elements in the first and second directions are offset from at least one grid cell 54. More specifically, a first subset of the grid members 118 and 120 is subdivided into first and second grid elements extending in the first directions 119a and 119b, with the second grid element 119b spaced apart from the first grid element 119a in the second direction. The first and second grid elements 119a and 119b are staggered in the first direction such that the first grid element 119a and the second grid element 119b in the grid are offset from at least one grid cell 54. The same staggered arrangement of the grid elements applies in the second direction, thereby causing the first and second grid elements 121a, 121b in the second direction, which are spaced apart in the first direction, to deviate from each other by at least one grid cell in the second direction.

[0164] This invention is not limited to staggered first and second grid elements offset from a single grid cell in a first and / or second direction. For example, the dimensions of one or more grid elements in the first and / or second direction may extend through or across the upper ends of multiple uprights, and the staggered arrangement produces a pattern offset from one or more grid cells in the first and / or second direction. This arrangement requires multiple connections to multiple uprights along the length of the grid elements, not just in the middle of the grid elements. The connection of the grid members to the uprights, particularly the cross-sectional shape of the grid elements, will be discussed further below.

[0165] The container is roughly rectangular, with its length greater than its width. The grid cells are rectangular to accommodate the rectangular container. To achieve rectangular grid cells, the length of each grid element 119 in the first axis (x or y direction) is greater than the length of each grid element 121 in the second axis (y or x direction). Figure 17 and Figure 22 The preferred grid arrangement shown provides optimal structural integrity for the grid 50 of the present invention. In this arrangement, a subset of grid members 118, 120 is subdivided into grid elements 119, 121 extending through at least one upright post 116 in first and second directions. In a more preferred embodiment of the invention, the grid members are subdivided such that each grid element extends through a single upright post in both first and second axial directions. In this arrangement, the length of each grid element is the same in the first direction and the length of each grid element is the same in the second direction, but differs in the first and second directions to provide rectangular grid cells. In other words, refer to... Figure 17 and 22 A subset 119 of the mesh elements in the first direction is further subdivided into first mesh element 119a and second mesh element 119b, each of the first mesh element 119a and the second mesh element 119b having a length L1 in the first direction (see [link to documentation]). Figure 22 Similarly, the subset 120 of the grid members in the second direction is subdivided into a first grid element 121a and a second grid element 121b, each of which has a length L2 in the second direction. For accommodating a rectangular container, the length L1 of the grid element in the first direction is different from the length L2 of the grid element in the second direction.

[0166] Different portions of the grid can be arranged in a layered pattern. To give the grid sufficient structural rigidity to support the moving load-bearing device, a larger proportion of the grid adopts the layered pattern of the present invention. For example, because the grid elements are arranged to deviate from at least one grid cell in a first and second direction, one or more grid elements at the periphery of the grid are shortened to converge at a common support beam. This is to prevent one or more grid elements from dangling over the edge of the grid structure; that is, one or more grid elements dangling over the common support beam at the edge of the grid are shortened.

[0167] Track support components

[0168] Each grid member 50 of the present invention may include a track support and / or a track or rail, wherein the track or rail is mounted to the track support. A loading and handling device is operable to move along the track or rail of the present invention. Alternatively, the track may be integrated into the grid member 50 as a single body, for example, by extrusion.

[0169] In a specific embodiment of the invention, the grid member is a track support with individual rails or tracks installed, i.e., the track support is integrated into the grid member. The track support forming the grid in transverse cross-section can be a solid support with a C-shaped, U-shaped, or I-shaped cross-section, or even a double C-shaped or double U-shaped support. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the track support is a double back-to-back C-shaped cross-section bolted together. The track support and / or tracks can adopt a layered pattern similar to that described above for the grid member. The track support is subdivided into track support elements, which are connected together in a first direction and a second direction at the nodes where multiple track support elements intersect in the grid structure (i.e., at the top of the uprights).

[0170] Use the same terminology as described above for mesh components (see above). Figure 17 and 22The grid includes a first set of parallel track supports extending in a first direction and a second set of parallel track supports extending in a second direction, the second set of track supports being substantially perpendicular to the first set of track supports. In each of the first and second directions, the set of track supports includes multiple parallel track supports. Similar to the subsets of grid members discussed above, the first set of track supports in the first direction is subdivided into a first subset of track supports and a second subset of track supports, such that the second subset of track supports is spaced apart from the first subset of track supports in the second direction, i.e., a parallel subset of track supports. The first subset of track supports and / or the second subset of track supports includes at least one track support, such as a single track support. The first subset of track supports is subdivided or decomposed into first track support elements in the first direction. Similarly, the second subset of track supports adjacent to the first subset of track supports is subdivided into second track support elements in the first direction. First and second track support elements are arranged in a grid such that each first track support element is offset from at least one single grid cell in a first direction from each adjacent second set of track support elements; that is, adjacent parallel track support elements are offset from at least one grid cell in the first direction. For example, a subset of track supports comprising a single track support is decomposed into multiple discontinuous track support elements, which are joined together via a cover plate to form a single track support. Parallel discontinuous track support elements in the first direction are arranged in a grid offset from at least one grid cell. A similar pattern arrangement is applied to a group of track supports extending in a second direction, whereby the grouped track supports are subdivided in the second direction into a first subset and a second subset of track supports. Each first and second subset of track supports is decomposed or subdivided into first and second track support elements. First and second track support elements extending in the second direction are arranged in a grid such that each first track support element is offset from at least one single grid cell in the second direction from each second track support element. In other words, parallel track elements placed laterally in the first and second directions are offset from at least one grid cell.

[0171] According to specific embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 23 As shown, a single track support element 160 includes back-to-back C-shaped sections bolted together. Figure 24 It shows along Figure 20The cross-section of the grid element 160 at the intersection of the centerline XX. According to the invention, each track support element 160 is arranged to interlock with each other to form a grid. To achieve this, the distal or opposite end of each track support element 160 includes a locking feature 162 for interconnecting with corresponding locking features 164 of adjacent track support elements. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the opposite or distal end of one or more track support elements includes at least one hook 162 that can be received in an opening or slot 164 between adjacent grid elements at the node where the track support elements intersect in the grid. (Repeatedly) Figure 24 refer to Figure 23 A hook 162 at the end of track support element 160 is shown to be received in an opening 164 of an adjacent track support element that extends through a vertical post at the intersection of the track support elements. Here, the hook 162 is supplied to openings 164 on both sides of the track support element. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the opening 164 is located halfway down the length of the track support element 160, such that when assembled together, adjacent parallel track support elements in the first and second directions are offset by at least one grid cell. (See reference...) Figure 20 and Figure 24 Upright columns 116 support the center of the first track support element 160a and the ends of the adjacent second track support elements 160b and third track support elements 160c on both sides of the first track support element 160a, i.e., each upright column 116 supports three track support elements 160a, 160b, and 160c. The second and third track support elements 160b and 160c, supported at their ends, approach each other in opposite directions to interlock in the middle of the first track support element 160a. Each track support element 160a, 160b, and 160c interlocks by inserting hooks 162 at the ends of the track support elements into openings 164 in the middle of adjacent track support elements at the intersection of the track support elements. By interlocking each track support element in the grid in this way, the layered pattern described above can be produced.

[0172] track or rail

[0173] To complete the grid structure, once the track support elements interlock to form a grid pattern including track supports extending in a first direction and track supports extending in a second direction, tracks are installed to the track support elements. Tracks can be snap-fitted and / or slidably fitted to the track support elements. Similar to the track support element of the present invention, the tracks include a first set of tracks extending in a first direction and a second set of tracks extending in a second direction, the first direction being perpendicular to the second direction. A subset of the first set of tracks is subdivided into multiple track elements in the first direction, such that adjacent parallel track elements in the first direction are offset from at least one grid cell. Similarly, a subset of the second set of tracks is subdivided into multiple track elements in the second direction, such that adjacent track elements in the second direction are offset from at least one grid cell. The first and / or the subset of the second set of tracks includes at least one track, for example, a single track decomposed into multiple track elements. Figure 25 An embodiment of a single track element 170 is shown. The assembly of the track element with the track support includes an inverted U-shaped cross-sectional profile, shaped to support or overlap. Figure 23 The top of the track support element 160 shown. One or more lugs extending from each branch of the U-shaped profile engage with the end of the track support element in a snap-fit ​​manner.

[0174] Multiple track elements 170 are assembled to abut each other along the length of the track support element. Individual tracks may follow a pattern similar to the track support element, such as a layered pattern, or be arranged in a different manner. Figure 26 The assembly of track elements 170a, 170b, and 170c at a node is shown, where track elements 170a, 170b, and 170c intersect in a grid structure at uprights. The length of each track element may extend through or through at least one upright, such as a single upright. The ends of track elements 170a and 170b abut against the side of adjacent track element 170c at the upright. Figure 25 As shown, track element 170 includes an opening or recess 172 to receive track support element 160 at the aforementioned uprights. Since the size of track element 170 can extend through or penetrate individual uprights in the grid structure, the opening 172 is located at the center of each track element 170 or formed in its middle. The track elements 170 are assembled onto the track support such that, when viewed from the top of the grid, the track has a woven or brick-like appearance, wherein adjacent parallel track elements in a first direction intersect at least one grid cell. Similarly, adjacent parallel track elements in a second direction intersect at least one grid cell.

[0175] Using similar terminology and referring to the mesh components, the track comprises a first set of tracks extending in a first direction and a second set of tracks extending in a second direction, the second set of tracks running transversely to the first set of tracks in a substantially horizontal plane. The first and second sets of tracks are subdivided into a plurality of track elements 170, such that each of the plurality of track elements 170 is arranged to extend or penetrate the apex of a single upright member. More specifically, the first set of tracks is subdivided in the first direction into a first subset of tracks and a second subset of tracks extending in the first direction, the second subset of tracks being spaced apart from the first subset of tracks in a second direction. The first subset of tracks is decomposed or divided in the first direction into the first set of track elements 170, and the second subset of tracks is decomposed or divided in the first direction into the second set of track elements. The first set of track elements deviates from the second set of track elements from a single mesh cell in the first direction. The same principle applies to the first set of track elements and the second set of track elements extending in the second direction.

[0176] The upright columns, support towers, support tower feet, and grid structure including track supports and track elements are assembled together as described above to form a grid frame structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0177] Seismic grid frame structure

[0178] While current grid-frame structures are adequate for relatively stable ground conditions (i.e., spectral acceleration less than 0.33g, classified as Category A and B events), they are insufficient for strong seismic events (generating strong lateral forces exceeding 0.55g spectral acceleration, classified as Category C or D events). Such powerful seismic events can damage the structural fasteners connecting grid elements (e.g., track support elements) at intersections, causing them to loosen or detach from their bolted caps. This can lead to weakened or complete loss of structural integrity in the grid-frame structure, as lateral forces can no longer be safely transmitted downwards to the foundation. Failures can occur at the intersections of grid members or track support elements. The aforementioned support towers used to maintain the structural integrity of the grid-frame structure may not be able to withstand the lateral forces resulting from strong Category D seismic events far exceeding 0.55g.

[0179] like Figure 27 and 28As shown, the present invention provides seismic-resistant grid frame structures 214 and 314, including a structural restraint system, also known as a seismic force restraint system (SFRS), to maintain the structural integrity of the grid frame structure during strong earthquakes and storm events. Specifically, the SFRS supports the grid frame structure against strong lateral forces caused by Class C and / or Class D earthquake events. The restraint system of the present invention reduces or eliminates failures of structural fasteners due to fracture, loosening, separation, or breakage of structural components, such as joints securing grid elements to vertical columns via cover plates at intersections. The SFRS of the present invention includes peripheral support structures 215 and 315 supported by several vertical frame columns 218 for supporting the grid against lateral forces. Reference numerals 215 and 315 are used for description. Figure 27 and Figure 28 Different types of peripheral support structures are shown. Peripheral support structures 215, 315 include at least one support member 220, 320, 222, 322 extending from a plurality of vertical frame columns 218. For the purposes of this invention, the term "support" is interpreted to encompass any form of mechanical connection between the SFRS and the grid. For example, lateral forces generated at the grid level are transmitted to the SFRS of this invention at the periphery of the grid 250. Furthermore, for the purposes of this invention, at least one support member 220, 320, 222, 322 may be at least one horizontal frame beam between the vertical frame columns 218 and / or at least one diagonal support member 222, 322 between the vertical frame columns 218. For the purposes of this invention, the terms "vertical frame column" and "vertical support frame column" are used interchangeably in the description to refer to the column 218 supporting the support members 220, 320, 222, 322. The vertical frame column 218 is different from the vertical uprights 116 supporting the aforementioned grid and is separated by one or more spacers 74. The vertical frame column 218, together with the peripheral support structure of the present invention, forms part of the SFRS. The SFRS can be conceived as forming an exoskeleton around the grid frame structure.

[0180] Mesh 250 includes an outer region or boundary 252 surrounding the perimeter of mesh 250 (see...) Figure 29 ). Figure 29An enlarged view of the seismic-resistant grid frame structure of the present invention at one corner of the SFRS (215, 315) supporting the grid frame structure is shown. The grid 250 is supported by peripheral support structures 215, 315 at or within its boundary or outer region 252. In one embodiment of the invention, the peripheral support structures 215, 315 are arranged around the periphery of the grid 250 and / or the grid frame structure. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the grid 250 is supported by peripheral support structures 215, 315 at or within its boundary or outer region 252, such that a portion of the boundary or outer region 252 hangs over the peripheral support structures 215, 315. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the boundary or outer region 252 of the grid 250 constitutes the outer portion of the grid 250, which has the width of at least one grid cell, more preferably the width of a single grid cell, such that when the grid 250 is supported at the boundary or outer region 252 of the grid 250, the outer portion of the grid 250 hangs over the peripheral support structures 215, 315.

[0181] like Figure 29 As shown, the outer region or boundary 252 of the grid spans or extends through the peripheral support structures 215, 315 at the edge of the grid frame structure. More specifically, the outer region or boundary 252 of the grid passes through at least one support member 220, such that a portion of the grid hangs over the peripheral support structures 215, 315. The at least one support member 220 is at least one horizontal frame beam extending between the vertical frame columns 218. Here, the at least one horizontal frame beam 220 is positioned inward from the edge of the grid 250, such that the outer region or boundary 252 of the grid passes through or extends through the at least one horizontal frame beam 220.

[0182] By supporting the mesh 250 at the boundary or outer region 252, such that a portion of the mesh 250 hangs over the peripheral support structures 215, 315 instead of being supported at the mesh edge, the bending moment at the mesh edge, which affects the joint connecting the mesh 250 to the peripheral support structures 215, 315 of the present invention, is reduced. This is because the bending moment is greatest at the edges of the intersecting mesh members of the mesh 250 and decreases between the intersections, i.e., within the mesh cell or intermediate cell. This will be explained further below, see reference. Figure 33 The bending moment distribution across the grid is shown. Figure 33 As can be seen, the bending moment is maximum at the grid edges where grid elements intersect, and decreases to a minimum between the intersection points. Figure 29In a specific embodiment of the invention shown, the width D surrounding the boundary or outer region 252 of the grid constitutes a single grid cell. Ideally, the grid 250 is supported by at least one support member 220 of the peripheral support structures 215, 315 in the middle cell within the boundary or outer region 252 of the grid 250, where the bending moment is weakest, rather than at the edge of the grid 250.

[0183] While it is ideal to support the middle units of the grid 250 at the boundaries or outer regions of the grid, the present invention is not limited to supporting the middle units of the grid at the boundaries or outer regions of the grid, and the boundaries or outer regions of the grid can be interpreted as also constituting the edges of the grid 250, such that the grid 250 is supported around the periphery of the grid by the peripheral support structure of the present invention.

[0184] The SFRS can be conceived as forming an exoskeleton around the grid frame structure of the present invention. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the peripheral support structures 215, 315 are supported at the corners of the grid frame structure by at least one vertical frame column 218a and by at least one horizontal frame beam 220 extending from the corners of the grid frame structure. Figure 27 and Figure 28 In a specific embodiment of the invention shown, four vertical frame support columns 218a are arranged at the four corners of the grid frame structure to form a three-dimensional exoskeleton with a top surface and four sides, such as a cube structure. Since the SFRS forms an exoskeleton around the perimeter of the grid frame structure of the invention, for ease of explanation of the SFRS of the invention, the vertical frame support columns 218a at the corners of the grid frame structure can be referred to as peripheral frame columns. In a specific embodiment of the invention, four horizontal frame beams 220 are mounted to the top of each of the four peripheral frame columns 218a to extend from each corner of the SFRS frame. It can be envisioned that the horizontal frame beams 220 represent the upper chords connecting the two vertical frame columns 218a at the top of the peripheral support structures 215, 315, and can be referred to as peripheral frame beams.

[0185] At least two vertical frame columns 218a, 218b are connected together by at least one diagonal bracing member 222, 322 to form a bracing frame, thereby providing lateral support for the grid frame structure in the forward and / or rearward directions. The bracing frame is a structural system designed to resist seismic forces. The diagonal bracing members 222, 322 are designed to operate under tension and compression, similar to a truss, and are designed to resist lateral loading in the form of axial stress through tension or compression. The bracing frame may be arranged around the perimeter of the grid frame structure or at least one face of the grid frame structure and is designed to absorb most of the lateral forces experienced by the grid frame structure.

[0186] Any type of support structure known in the art that provides lateral support to a grid and / or grid frame structure is applicable to this invention. Figure 27 and 28 In the specific embodiment of the present invention shown, the support frame can be a K-shaped support, wherein two diagonal braces 222 intersect at the peak 324 on the horizontal frame beam 320 (e.g., Figure 28 (as shown), or the support frame can be a cross brace, in which two diagonal frames 222 cross each other to form an X (as shown). Figure 27 (As shown). K-shaped bracing and cross bracing will be discussed in further detail below. At least two vertical frame columns 218a and 218b are supported at the top of the vertical frame columns 218a and 218b by at least one horizontal frame beam 220 and 320, forming at least one resistance strut or resistance collector known in the art. The resistance strut or resistance collector is located at the position where at least two vertical frame columns 218a and 218b are supported at the top of the two vertical frame columns 218a and 218b by the horizontal frame beam 220 and 320, and is used to collect and transfer diaphragm shear forces to the vertical frame columns.

[0187] Each of the plurality of vertical frame columns 218a, 218b may be a solid support member with a C-shaped or U-shaped cross section, or a double C or double U. Preferably, each of the plurality of vertical frame columns 218a, 218b is an I-shaped solid support member including an upper beam flange and a lower beam flange. At least two vertical frame columns 218a, 218b are rigidly connected together by at least one support member 220, 320 (e.g., diagonal support members 222, 322 and / or a horizontal frame beam). Each of at least two vertical frame columns 218a, 218b has a top end and a bottom end; the bottom end is anchored to a concrete foundation using one or more anchor bolts. Various methods known in the art for anchoring the bottom end of a vertical frame column to a concrete foundation to provide lateral support to the support frame against strong seismic events are applicable to this invention.

[0188] like Figure 27 and Figure 28 As shown, multiple support frames can be placed around the perimeter of the grid frame structure (i.e., around each face of the grid frame structure) to form a unified frame body, that is, the SFRS forms an exoskeleton supporting the grid frame structure to resist strong lateral forces caused by Class C or Class D earthquake events. Alternatively, at least one support frame can be placed on at least one face of the grid frame structure. The support frame of the present invention can be placed on at least one of the four sides of the cube. Figure 27 , 28In the specific embodiment shown, the support frame is placed on each of the four sides of the cube. The peripheral frame columns 218a at the corners of the grid frame structure are supported by at least one horizontal frame beam 220, 320, which extends longitudinally from the top of each of the four peripheral frame columns 218a to form a peripheral frame that is substantially rectangular or square in a horizontal plane surrounding the perimeter of the grid.

[0189] At least one of the vertical frame columns 218a, 218b may be placed between or between two vertical frame columns 218a located at a corner of the grid frame structure to divide the outer frame into a supporting frame, wherein at least two vertical frame columns 218a, 218b are supported by at least one diagonal brace 222, 322 and a resistance strut or resistance collector 232. The resistance strut or resistance collector 232 is located at the top of the at least two vertical frame columns 218a, 218b supported by horizontal frame beams 220, 320, and is used to collect and transfer the diaphragm shear force to the vertical frame columns 218a, 218b. Figure 27 and 28 In the specific embodiment of the invention shown, the SFRS (215, 315) includes a support frame in which at least two of the vertical frame columns 218a, 218b are supported by at least one diagonal brace 222, 322 and a horizontal frame beam 220, 320 to form a resistance strut. Figure 27 and Figure 28 It is also shown that the at least one diagonal bracing member 222, 322 is placed on one side of the intermediate vertical support column 218b to form a support frame 230, and the resistance strut 232 is placed on the other side of the support frame. The support between the vertical frame column at the SFRS corner and the intermediate vertical support column is provided by at least one diagonal bracing member surrounding the grid frame structure on each side of the SFRS, depending on the nature of the seismic event, i.e., whether it is a Class C or Class D seismic event. To provide a more robust restraint system for Class D seismic events, the support frame according to the invention, including at least one diagonal brace, is positioned around the perimeter of the grid frame structure.

[0190] Figure 30 A schematic top view of the seismic-resistant grid frame structure according to the invention is shown, with SFRS incorporated around the perimeter of the grid frame structure. The triangles surrounding the perimeter of the grid frame structure represent a support frame 230 including at least one diagonal bracing member 222, 322. Dashed lines extending from the perimeter of the grid frame structure to the other side of the support frame 230 represent drag struts 232, wherein the vertical frame columns are supported by horizontal frame beams 220, 320. Figure 27 and 28In a particular embodiment of the invention, the intermediate vertical support column 218b is shared between the support frame 230 and the resistance strut 232. Similarly, the peripheral frame column 218a at the corner of the SFRS is shared between adjacent support frames 230, which include at least one diagonal support member 222, 322 or resistance strut 232.

[0191] exist Figure 31 In the alternative embodiment shown, the SFRS further includes one or more internal constraint systems 236 within the body of the grid frame structure. The additional constraint system 236 includes one or more pairs of vertical frame columns 218 connected at their upper ends by at least one support member 220, 320, 222, 322, which in Figure 31 The solid lines in the diagram represent the interior of the grid frame structure. At least one support member can be a horizontal support beam 220, 320 and / or diagonal support members 222, 322 located atop a pair of vertical frame columns 218a, 218b. However, because the additional constraint system 236 within the grid frame structure occupies grid cells that may be used for storing containers, a balance must be struck between the number of internal constraint systems that the grid frame structure can occupy and the number of grid cells in the grid frame structure that can be used to store one or more containers. A preferred option is that the SFRS (215, 315) of the present invention are concentrated around the perimeter of the grid frame structure to form an exoskeleton. The feet of each vertical frame column 218a, 218b are anchored to a concrete foundation, such that lateral forces absorbed by the SFRS are transferred to the floor.

[0192] When the supporting frame includes K-shaped supports, the two diagonal support members 322 are arranged such that the first end of each diagonal support member 322 constituting the lower end is located at the bottom end of the vertical frame columns 218a, 218b. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the first end of each diagonal support member 322 is located at the bottom end of the peripheral frame column 218a at the corner of the grid frame structure and at the bottom end of the intermediate vertical frame column 218b (see [reference]). Figure 28 The two diagonal bracing members 322 are inclined upwards, such that the second ends of each diagonal bracing member 322 forming the upper end meet at a peak or apex 324 at a point on the horizontal frame beams 320, 220. During a strong earthquake, the two diagonal bracing members 322 absorb most of the lateral forces from the grid frame structure when they are placed under compressive forces; therefore, they represent the erosion-resistant components of the seismic grid frame structure. Thus, the diagonal bracing members 322 and the possible support frame 230 of the SFRS can be easily replaced after a strong earthquake event.

[0193] In cases where the supporting structure includes cross braces (see...) Figure 27The first and second diagonal bracing members 222 are formed in an X-shape, each having opposite ends. Vertical frame columns 218a and 218b are connected together by cross bracing, such that the outer ends of the vertical frame columns 218a and 218b are rigidly connected to the opposite ends of the first and second diagonal bracing members 222. Using the terminology of this invention, the cross bracing is placed between the peripheral frame column 218a and the intermediate vertical frame column 218b at the corner of the grid frame structure, such that the outer ends of the peripheral frame column 218a and the vertical frame column 218b are connected to the opposite ends of the first and second diagonal bracing members 222. Similar to K-type bracing, the cross bracing members are subjected to compressive forces during strong earthquake events and thus represent the erosion-prone components of the seismic grid frame structure. During strong earthquake events, since most of the bending moment of the grid frame structure is transferred to the SFRS (215, 315), the support structure of the SFRS fails before the structural integrity of the grid frame structure fails. In other words, during a strong earthquake event, components of the structural restraint system, or SFRS, or exoskeleton, are worn away before the structural integrity of the grid frame structure fails. Because the SFRS of this invention surrounds and supports the grid frame structure, the components of the SFRS are easily replaceable.

[0194] The ends of the supporting members 220, 320, 222, and 322 are rigidly connected to the vertical frame columns 218a and 218b of the SFRS by one or more bolts or welds. To provide structural stiffness to the SFRS to absorb strong lateral forces, the vertical frame columns 218a and 218b, including the peripheral frame columns, are bolted to the horizontal peripheral frame beams 220 and 320 using several bolts. The vertical frame columns 218a and 218b, including the peripheral frame columns, and the horizontal frame beams 220 and 320 are typically I-beams including top and bottom flanges. The vertical frame columns 218a and 218b, including the peripheral frame columns, are bolted to the horizontal frame beams 220 and 320 at their flanges. Shims may be placed between the flanges of the peripheral frame columns 218a and the horizontal frame beams 220 and 320 (also referred to as peripheral frame beams) and secured together by suitable bolts through slots in the flanges. Compared to the vertical columns or members 116 supporting the grid of the grid frame structure, the components of the SFRS (such as perimeter frame columns and horizontal frame beams) are larger in size and weight and are primarily constructed of steel. For the avoidance of ambiguity, within the grid frame structure, the vertical columns or members 116 are separated by one or more spacers and support the grid elements at their intersections.

[0195] The greatest lateral forces generated during strong earthquakes are typically borne by the top grid of the grid frame structure, which experiences the greatest deflection, resulting in lateral forces acting from left to right during a strong earthquake. Typically, the bending moment of each grid member is concentrated at the intersection where the grid elements (which constitute the grid members) intersect at the vertical columns 116. Since the grid elements are bolted together and secured to the vertical columns 116 via cover plates 150, the strong lateral forces at the intersections can cause most of the bolted fasteners (e.g., the cover plates) to loosen or even break. While the bolts at the intersections could be tightened, this is a daunting task given the number of vertical columns 116 in a given grid frame structure. What is needed is a rigid joint at the intersection where the grid members intersect at the vertical columns 116.

[0196] In one aspect of the invention, the mesh elements are welded together at intersection 400 instead of being bolted together, to provide a more rigid and robust joint than that provided by bolts alone (see [link to invention]). Figure 32 Therefore, the lateral forces generated in the grid are transmitted as bending moments at the joints where the grid members intersect at each upright. According to an important aspect of the invention and using the terminology of the aforementioned grid structure, the grid elements in the grid are rigidly connected together to form at least one open-web truss. As is known in the art, an open-web truss comprises chords separated by web members formed as a series of rectangular frames. The rectangular openings of the open-web truss make it ideally suited for loading processing equipment to move one or more containers stored below the truss; that is, the grid of the invention serves as at least one open-web truss assembly.

[0197] Depending on the direction of the lateral force, the chord can resist compression or tension. Open-web trusses achieve stability through rigid connections between the web members and the chords. Due to the absence of diagonal bracing, open-web trusses transfer shear forces from the chords through the moments at the joints and between the chords and web members. The distribution of bending forces on the grid can be determined by… Figure 33 The schematic diagram shown is illustrated below. Figure 33 As shown, the maximum bending moment M is concentrated at the intersection 400 where the grid members or grid elements pass through or intersect the vertical column. By using rigid joints at the intersections or nodes of the grid members, the grid of the present invention functions similarly to a hollow truss, thereby transferring the shear force along the grid members through the bending moment at the intersections or nodes. The rigid joint at intersection 400 is provided by welding the grid elements at their intersections. Since the intersections or nodes of the grid are rigidly connected together, the intersections are able to resist the shear force and bending moment generated at the intersections. Because the grid of the present invention is located in a horizontal plane, the hollow truss extends through the grid, and each grid element acts as a chord or web under compression or tension, depending on the direction of the lateral force.

[0198] References above Figure 23 Compared to the grid of the discussed grid frame structure, where the grid elements include back-to-back C-shaped sections, the grid 250 of the seismic-resistant grid frame structure of the present invention includes tubular beams (see...). Figure 32 In practice, back-to-back C-sections bolted together are considered too fragile to work in seismic zones. Compared to back-to-back C-sections, the tubular beam 460 offers improved stiffness and strength. The tubular cross-sectional profile of the grid member 460 provides resistance to bending moments in multiple directions. The tubular beam 460 constituting the grid member also allows the grid members to be easily welded together at intersection 400, where the grid members intersect at the intersection to form a rigid joint with little or no gaps. Welding at the joint provides greater stiffness compared to bolts, which are more prone to loosening.

[0199] The boundaries of grid 250 are rigidly connected to horizontal frame beams 220 and 320, which extend from the vertical or peripheral frame columns 218a and 218b of the SFRS at the corners of the grid frame structure. This allows the bending moments borne by the grid members due to strong lateral forces to be transferred to the SFRS, which is reinforced by one or more support members 220, 320, 222, and 322, such as diagonal frame supports (bracing structures). The bending moment distribution on the grid structure can be determined by... Figure 33 The schematic diagram illustrates this. Since the maximum bending moment is concentrated at the intersection 400 where the grid elements intersect at the vertical column 116, it is advantageous for the grid to act as a single, unified entity. Compared to bolting the grid elements to the cover plate at the intersection as described above, welding the grid elements together at the intersection of the seismic grid frame structure presents new problems. It requires handling the entire grid, which may include more than 40x40 grid cells, and installing the entire grid in-situ on the vertical column 116. Furthermore, building codes limit the amount of welding that can be performed in-situ due to the risks of fire and exposure to welding fumes. Therefore, in-situ welding of grid elements at the intersection does not appear to be a practical proposal.

[0200] This problem does not exist when the individual grid elements constituting the grid are bolted together on site via cover plates 150 bolts. To overcome this problem and comply with building codes, such as Figure 34 As shown, the grid 250 of the present invention is subdivided into several subframes 404, wherein one or more subframes 404 include at least one grid cell. Multiple subframes are assembled together to construct the grid on site. Ideally, to comply with building codes, individual subframes are bolted together during on-site assembly. Figure 35 An embodiment of a single substructure 404 forming a portion of a grid 250 according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0201] Bolting subframes together also presents problems, as the joints represent vulnerable points in the grid prone to loosening or even breakage. To maintain the structural integrity of the grid, the locations of the joints linking individual subframes are carefully chosen to prevent the grid from functioning as open trusses. Joint 402 is positioned between adjacent subframes 404, i.e., intermediate units between adjacent subframes, where bending moments are minimized or weakest. This mitigates external forces that interfere with the joints connecting the individual subframes. (See again...) Figure 33 The bending moment distribution along the grid members is shown, with the bending moment concentrated at the intersection point 400 where the grid members intersect with the uprights, and decreasing to a minimum in the middle between the intersection points 400 (i.e., the intermediate unit). Positioning the joint 402 in the middle between the intersection points 400 of the grid members (grid elements) mitigates excessive lateral forces affecting the links or joints between adjacent subframes. According to... Figure 34 and 35 In the invention shown, a joint 402 is formed between adjacent subframes 404 along half the length of the grid element 460, whereby each adjacent subframe includes at least one grid cell, i.e., an intermediate cell joined between adjacent subframes 404. A portion of the grid element extending from or overhanging from at least one grid cell is configured to connect with a portion of the grid element of the adjacent subframe to complete the grid cell.

[0202] The connecting rods linking adjacent subframes together include connecting plates 406, which mate with corresponding connecting plates 406 of adjacent subframes 404 to complete the grid cell 54. Figure 35 In the specific embodiment shown, the connecting plate 406 has the surface with the largest surface area, which is perpendicular to the horizontal plane where the grid is located, and includes one or more holes for receiving bolts. When adjacent subframes are joined together, their respective connecting plates 406 are paired to complete the grid cell 54. Multiple subframes 404 are joined together to form the grid 250 according to the invention.

[0203] To transfer the shear force generated from the grid axis to the SFRS, the boundary or outer region 252 of grid 250 is rigidly connected to the horizontal frame beams 220, 320 of the SFRS, serving as supporting members between the vertical frame columns 218a, 218b. Figure 34 As shown, horizontal frame beams 220 and 320 can represent chords of open-web truss assemblies. To allow the boundaries or outer regions 252 of grid 250 to connect to the horizontal frame beams 220 and 320 of the SFRS, subframes 404 located at the boundaries or outer regions of the aforementioned grid include connecting plates or support plates 408 at the bottom of the subframes for connection to the horizontal beams (see...). Figure 37 ).like Figure 38As shown, the connecting plate or support plate 408 can be welded to the bottom of the subframe 404, which is then bolted to the horizontal frame beams 220, 320 at the edge or periphery of the grid. Figure 38 As shown, connecting plates or support plates 408 are located in the intermediate units of one or more subframes 404 and form the boundaries or outer regions of the grid, for supporting the grid to the peripheral support structures 215, 315 of the present invention. Connecting plates or support plates 408 are mounted to the grid elements at the intermediate units of the subframes 404. The subframes 404 are assembled together on vertical columns 116 such that one or more subframes 404 located at the grid edges are supported in the intermediate units by the SFRS of the present invention. Figure 38 In the middle, the boundary or outer region 252 of the grid has the width of a single grid cell. The connecting plate or support plate 408 includes one or more holes that align with corresponding holes formed in the top beam flange of the horizontal frame beam of the SFRS to receive one or more bolts (see...). Figure 29 ).

[0204] Because the seismic grid frame structure of the present invention eliminates the need to connect grid elements together using cover plates 150, and instead welds the grid elements together at the intersection, the vertical columns 116 are interconnected to the grid of the seismic grid frame structure of the present invention. The sockets 410 for connecting the vertical columns 116 are directly installed at the intersection of grid elements on the lower side of the subframe 404 (see...). Figure 36 In a particular embodiment of the invention, the socket 410 is welded to the underside of the subframe at the intersection of the grid elements 460. (As...) Figure 36 As shown, four sockets 410 are directly installed at the intersection of the grid elements on the lower side of the subframe 404. The subframe 404 is installed onto the vertical column 116 such that the sockets protruding from the lower side of the subframe 404 are received in the corresponding hollow center portion 70 of the vertical column 116 with a snap-fit ​​arrangement (see...). Figure 7 Because adjacent subframes of the present invention, each comprising at least one grid element, are assembled together in the seismic grid frame structure, the ability to employ a layered pattern in the aforementioned grid frame structure is lost. However, welding at the intersections of the grid elements 460 can greatly compensate for the loss of structural integrity resulting from the layered pattern arrangement of the aforementioned grid elements.

[0205] Because the grid elements 460 of the seismic grid frame structure are tubular or hollow, the surface of the grid elements is not ideally shaped for direct mounting of the rails onto the grid elements, i.e., there are few joints. To provide rails or tracks for loading processing equipment to travel on the grid, separate rail support elements 465 are directly mounted to the grid elements 460 (see [link to documentation]). Figure 35The track support element 465 allows the track or rail 470 to be assembled onto the grid element 460. Multiple track support elements 465 are distributed on the grid element 460 of the subframe 404, which has a profile shaped to receive the track. Therefore, compared to the grid elements of the aforementioned grid frame structure, where the track support elements are integrated into the grid elements (back-to-back C-shaped sections with a profile for receiving the track via snap-fit), the track support elements 465 of the seismic grid frame structure are separate from the grid element 460. Figure 35 A top view of a subframe 404 according to a specific embodiment of the invention is shown, illustrating a track support element 465 directly mounted to the tubular grid element 460, and... Figure 39 A cross-sectional view of the subframe is shown, illustrating how, according to a specific embodiment of the invention, a track 470 is joined to a grid element 460 via a track support element 465. Similar to the tracks installed to the grid elements in the aforementioned grid frame structure, the track 470 is arranged via a snap-fit ​​and / or sliding fit to be assembled to the grid element 460 in the seismic grid frame structure through the track support element 465.

[0206] In a specific embodiment of the invention, the track support element 465 is welded to the grid element 460. The seismic grid frame structure of the invention is not limited to the track support element being a separate component welded to the grid element. The track support element can be integrated into the body of the tubular grid element 460. For example, the track support element can be extruded together with the grid element into a single body.

[0207] Since the tracks 470 of the seismic grid frame structure are installed onto the grid elements 460 after the subframes 404 are assembled together to form the grid 250, the tracks 470 can adopt a similar layered pattern as described above, wherein groups of track elements are arranged on the grid to have a woven or brick-like appearance, i.e., the track elements are staggered in a first axis and a second axis (the first direction being perpendicular to the second direction), such that adjacent track elements in each of the first and second directions are offset from at least one grid cell. Using the above terminology regarding the grid frame structure, a set of parallel tracks extends in a first direction, and a set of parallel tracks extends in a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction. The track group in the first direction is subdivided into a first track subset and a second track subset, each of the first and second subsets including at least one track. The second track subset is spaced apart from the first track subset in the second direction. Each of the first and second track subsets is divided into several track elements. The track elements are staggered in the first direction, such that adjacent parallel track elements in the first and second track subsets are offset from at least one grid cell.

[0208] A similar analogy applies to the orbital groups in the second direction, whereby the orbitals in the second direction are subdivided into a first orbital subset and a second orbital subset, each of the first and second orbital subsets comprising at least one orbital. Each of the first and second orbital subsets in the second direction is further subdivided into several orbital elements. The second orbital subset is spaced apart from the first orbital subset in the first direction. The orbital elements are staggered in the second direction such that adjacent parallel orbital elements of the first and second orbital subsets are offset from each other by at least one grid cell.

[0209] Since most of the lateral forces generated during strong earthquake events are absorbed by the SFRS of this invention, in the first embodiment of the seismic grid frame structure, incorporating the aforementioned one or more support towers into the grid frame structure of this invention is not necessary and can be removed. That is, the seismic grid frame structure includes several vertical or upright columns 116 separated by the aforementioned one or more spacers—the grid frame structure is supported by the peripheral support structure of this invention as an outer skeleton. However, the seismic grid frame structure of this invention is not limited to removing one or more support towers within the grid frame structure, and in the second embodiment of this invention, the SFRS can support a grid frame structure including one or more support towers of this invention, with one or more support towers incorporated into the grid frame structure as described above, i.e., a subgroup of three upright columns located on the same plane; two upright columns are placed laterally on both sides of the intermediate upright member, and the two laterally placed upright columns are rigidly connected to the intermediate upright member by several diagonal braces.

[0210] In another aspect of the invention, the seismic grid frame structure of the present invention can be modularized, such that adjacent modules 514 in two or more modules or components of a modular frame share at least a portion of the SRFS (215, 315) of one or more adjacent modular frames. Each module 514 includes the aforementioned references. Figure 27 or Figure 28 The seismic grid frame structures 215 and 315 are configured such that each module 514 includes a predetermined number of grid units, and the grid is further supported by peripheral support structures 215 and 315 supported by several vertical frame columns 218a and 218b of the present invention. Components of two or more modules can be assembled together to increase the storage capacity of the entire seismic grid frame structure, wherein adjacent modules in the components share at least a portion of the peripheral support structure of the present invention, i.e., the first modular frame shares at least a portion of the peripheral support structure of the second modular frame, thereby making the first modular frame adjacent to the second modular frame. In other words, adjacent modules share common support members 220, 320, 222, and 322 supported by at least two vertical frame columns 218a. Support members include, but are not limited to, horizontal frame beams 220 and 320 and / or diagonal support members 222 and 322.

[0211] exist Figure 40 In the top view shown, it can be envisioned that adjacent modules share at least a portion of the SFRS. Figure 40 Four modular grids are shown, which share a portion of the SFRS of adjacent modular grids. Figure 40 In the diagram, the shared support structure 230 of the SFRS, shown as a triangular diagram, is shared between adjacent modular grids 514 (a to d). Furthermore, in... Figure 40 The resistance strut 232, shown as a dashed line, is shared between adjacent modules 514 (a to d), allowing adjacent modules to share the common resistance strut 232. Since adjacent modules share at least a portion of the SFRS, the mesh from adjacent modules is connected to the common horizontal frame beams 220 and 320, so that lateral forces generated within the mesh of adjacent modules are transferred to the common horizontal frame beams 220 and 320. Because the mesh is supported at its boundaries by a portion of the mesh hanging from the SFRS, the meshes from adjacent modules can be connected together by connecting the hangers from the adjacent modules. The connection of meshes between adjacent modules can be achieved using the method described above. Figure 35 The same connecting rods link adjacent modules together, wherein the overhangs at the grid edge include connecting plates or support plates 406 that mate with the corresponding connecting plates or support plates 406 of the grid of the adjacent module to complete the grid cell.

[0212] Adjacent modules also share vertical frame columns 218a and 218b supporting at least one support member 220, 320, 222, 322. By sharing portions of the SFRS between adjacent modules, the external support structures of adjacent modules 514 work together as a unified whole to deflect lateral forces. In other words, by connecting grids 250 from adjacent modules through shared support members 220, 320, 222, 322 (e.g., horizontal frame beams), multiple adjacent grids 250 can act together to form at least one open truss, allowing lateral forces to be transferred through multiple grids to the vertical frame columns 218a and 218b on the periphery of the module. The peripheral support structures 215 and 315 shared between adjacent modules 514 also provide internal support within the assembly of modules 514. Internal support includes adjacent modules sharing a common support frame 230 and / or a common resistance strut 232.

[0213] In the known fulfillment center shown in Figure 41, the goods and inventory required to fulfill customer orders are located in containers or storage bins 10, which may be arranged along an aisle. On one side of the aisle opposite the containers or storage bins, a conveyor system is provided, carrying customer delivery boxes or containers. The conveyor system is arranged such that a portion of the delivery boxes or containers moving on the back-line conveyor passes through a picking station, via a station container, where the goods ordered by the customer are transferred by the operator from the storage bins or containers to the customer delivery boxes or containers. The customer delivery container is paused at the picking station 600 located on the conveyor system, and the operator selects the required items from the storage bins or containers and places them in the customer delivery box or container. In a known robotic picking station, storage boxes or containers are lifted from a stack containing the inventory goods required to fulfill a customer order by a loading handling device 30. Once lifted by the loading handling device 30, the storage box or container is delivered by the loading handling device to an output port above or near the picking station 600. At the picking station, one or more required inventory items can be manually or automatically removed from storage bins or containers and placed into delivery containers, which form part of a customer order and are filled at the appropriate time for shipment.

[0214] Known fulfillment centers also include various other stations, including but not limited to charging stations for charging rechargeable batteries that power the loading and handling equipment on the grid, and service stations for performing routine maintenance on the loading and handling equipment. To accommodate any one or a combination of these stations, a separate area 600 is configured adjacent to the grid frame structure 14. Typically, a separate area is provided by incorporating a mezzanine 602 supported by vertical beams 604 between adjacent grid frame structures 14, and is usually a freestanding structure. The mezzanine 602 provides passageways to accommodate, for example, one or more picking stations and / or any of the aforementioned stations. Figure 41 illustrates an embodiment of a known order picking system comprising a grid frame structure on either side of a passageway created by the mezzanine 602 for accommodating picking stations. A grid 14a from the adjacent grid frame structure 14 extends through the top of the mezzanine 602 to connect to the grid on either side of the mezzanine 602. As can be clearly seen from Figure 41, the grid structure 14a at the top of the mezzanine 602 is shallower than the grid frame structure on either side of the mezzanine 602, i.e., it can only accommodate one or two layers of containers in a stack. As shown in Figure 41, the grid 14a extending through the mezzanine is supported by vertical columns 16b that are installed into the mezzanine and are shorter than the vertical columns on both sides of the mezzanine. The shorter vertical columns 16b are sized to accommodate only a small number of containers in the stack (e.g., the depth of one or more containers), ensuring that the grid lies in a plane that is substantially horizontal through the mezzanine, i.e., the grid level is maintained throughout the mezzanine. Figure 41 also shows that the mezzanine 602 is supported by separate vertical beams 604. The vertical beams 604 supporting the mezzanine abut against the grid frame structure 14 on both sides of the mezzanine 602. Therefore, separate, freestanding frames are required to accommodate the mezzanine in the known fulfillment center.

[0215] The seismic grid frame structure of the present invention allows the mezzanine 702 to be integrated into the peripheral support structures 215, 315 and the vertical frame columns 218 of the present invention. The modularity of the above-mentioned seismic grid frame structure allows the mezzanine 702 to share at least a portion of the SFRS of adjacent modules, that is, to share the common support frame 230 and / or resistance struts 232 with adjacent or adjacent modules. Figure 42 A cross-sectional view of a component of module 514 is shown, which incorporates a mezzanine 702 integrated within the component. (See diagram below.) Figure 42 As shown, mezzanine 702 shares the peripheral support structures 215, 315 and vertical frame columns 218 of adjacent module 514, such that mezzanine 702 is supported by vertical frame columns 218a, 218b supporting adjacent module 514. Adjacent module 514 can be a grid frame structure of one or more containers or storage boxes in a storage stack. Compared to known mezzanines discussed with reference to FIG41, the seismic grid frame structure mezzanine is integrated within the SFRS of this invention, thus eliminating the need for separate vertical support columns to support the mezzanine.

[0216] To create the mezzanine of this invention, vertical frame columns 218a, 218b of the grid structure supporting adjacent or laterally placed modules 514 are connected together by one or more support members (e.g., horizontal frame beams) to create a mezzanine floor and one or more diagonal support members 722. Figure 42 As shown, the vertical support (framework) columns supporting the mezzanine floor can be supported to provide further support for the mezzanine structure. The combination of the SFRS incorporated into the grid frame structure and the mezzanine provides a single frame surrounding the components.

[0217] The SFRS of the present invention is versatile because the peripheral frame structures 215, 315 can flexibly integrate various other structures into the SFRS by simply linking the peripheral frame structure and the vertical frame columns of the adjacent modules together using one or more support members (e.g., horizontal frame beams), thereby integrating additional peripheral frame structures to support the grid and / or integrated mezzanine. Figure 43 A top plan view of the modular components is shown, each module comprising the seismic-resistant grid frame structure of the present invention on either side of the mezzanine structure 700 to house the station. As shown... Figure 43 As shown, the mezzanine 700 is integrated into the SFRS (215, 315) on either side of the mezzanine 700, such that the SFRS of a single module or modular architecture 514 is shared to provide an integrated SFRS containing the module and the mezzanine.

[0218] Compared to the prior art structure shown in Figure 41, integrating the mezzanine structure 700 into SFRS ( Figure 42This design offers several advantages. The integrated mezzanine and SFRS eliminate design complexity and require fewer parts in the SFRS. The vertical frame columns are shared between the SFRS and the mezzanine, thus eliminating the need for separate vertical beams 604 to support the mezzanine. The mezzanine requires no support. The less complex design integrating the SFRS and mezzanine offers further benefits, including faster installation time and reduced costs.

[0219] Because the space beneath the mezzanine may house picking stations, service stations for maintaining loading and handling equipment, or other facilities used for manual operations, the mezzanine structure 700 must adhere to high safety standards and comply with all relevant regulations. If the mezzanine 702 is rigidly connected to the SFRS, it behaves more like a building structure, in which case further requirements (such as cast-in-place floor anchoring) may apply to ensure safety and regulatory compliance. Therefore, an integrated design may not be suitable for all areas.

[0220] An alternative to integrating the SFRS and the mezzanine structure is to separate the mezzanine 702 from the SFRS, allowing the mezzanine and SFRS to move independently during seismic activity, rather than being rigidly connected and restricted to moving together. This can be achieved by transferring the load from the grid above the mezzanine 702 to the SFRS through a moving joint 720. Thus, the mezzanine becomes a freestanding structure that can move independently relative to the SFRS.

[0221] Figure 44 The grid frame structure and SFRS are shown. The mezzanine 702 is connected to the support structure via one or more moving joints 720.

[0222] A movable joint is a connection between two parts of a structure that allows the parts to move relative to each other while maintaining the connection. The significance of connecting the SFRS to the mezzanine is that the grid extending through the mezzanine from the adjacent grid frame structure is installed into the mezzanine via one or more movable joints 720. As discussed above with reference to Figure 41, the grid extending through the adjacent grid frame structure allows one or more loading and handling devices to move through the mezzanine. The SFRS of the present invention may include one or more movable joints between the SFRS and the mezzanine. The movable joints are located between the vertical columns and horizontal members of the grid structure in the mezzanine.

[0223] A sliding bearing is a type of moving joint. Figure 45A possible embodiment of the sliding bearing is shown. A lower plate 710 is mounted on top of an upright column 116 (not shown). The lower plate 710 is attached to a lower pad 711. A pad 712 is attached to the lower pad, and a lower bearing pad 713 is attached to the pad 712. The lower bearing pad 713 is configured to contact and slide relative to an upper bearing pad 714. Bearing pads 713 and 714 may be made of Teflon, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or other suitable materials. The upper bearing pad 714 is attached to an upper pad 715, which is attached to an upper plate 716. A guard rail 717 restricts the movement of the lower bearing pad 713 relative to the upper bearing pad 714 during operation, keeping the bearing pads 713 and 714 in contact. The lower bearing pad 713 and the upper bearing pad 714 are configured to contact along a contact length 718 during operation. The travel length 719 is the range of movement on either side of the central position. It should be understood that the contact length 718 and the movement length 719 indicate the range of motion in the first dimension, but the moving joint may also allow relative movement in a second dimension that is substantially perpendicular to the first dimension.

[0224] The lower plate 710 can be mounted on top of the upright column 116. The upper plate 716 can be attached to the underside of the grid extending through the interlayer.

[0225] It should be understood that there are alternative methods, such as attaching the upper plate 716 to the underside of the grid. Two options are described here.

[0226] Figure 46 A movable joint 720 is shown, wherein the upper plate 716 of the movable joint is directly attached to the underside of the grid members 118, 120. The lower plate 710 is mounted on top of the vertical post 116. Advantageously, this is a simple configuration with few additional parts. For example, the upper plate 716 can be welded to the underside of the grid member. The grid cells adjacent to the movable joint 720 may not be used for storage.

[0227] Figure 47 A movable joint 720 is shown, wherein the upper plate 716 of the movable joint 720 extends through the amplitude and width of the grid cell 54. Advantageously, with Figure 46 Compared to the previous configuration, this configuration allows for a larger contact length 718 and a larger travel length 719, resulting in a larger contact area and a greater range of relative movement between the mezzanine and the SFRS. The lower plate 710 is mounted on top of the vertical column 116.

[0228] Figure 48 It shows Figure 47A top view of the movable joint. The upper plate 716 of the movable joint is reinforced by beam 721 to strengthen and reinforce the upper plate 716. Beam 721 is shown here as an I-beam, but other types of beams may also be used. The upper plate 716 is attached to the horizontal grid members 118, 120 by brackets 723, which are bolted to the upper plate 716 and the grid members 118, 120. Although with Figure 46 Compared to the previous configuration, this configuration has the disadvantage of requiring more parts and more components to operate. The moving joint can be placed in each alternating grid cell, allowing the grid cells between the moving joints to be freely used for storage.

[0229] Since movement of adjacent mesh frame structures can cause movement of the mesh above the mezzanine, the advantage of separating the mesh from it can be applied to the reference. Figure 6 The aforementioned grid frame structure and SFRS are designed to separate ground movement from the grid installed thereon. For example, one or more of the aforementioned sliding joints 720 can be inserted between the vertical posts at the intersection of the grid members. The sliding joints can be placed between the cover plate and the top of the vertical posts. Thus, the grid is separated from the movement of the vertical posts caused by ground movement through one or more sliding joints. Ground movement may be caused by seismic events or simply by passing vehicles (e.g., trains). Similarly, one or more sliding joints can be inserted into the reference... Figure 27 and 28 Between the grid members and vertical columns in the aforementioned SFRS arrangement. In the event of ground movement, one or more movable joints inserted between the vertical columns and the grid will mitigate the ground movement. Furthermore, during periods when the vertical columns and / or the containers stored therein vibrate due to ground movement, any induced vibrations in the grid will help to counteract and absorb the development of kinetic energy.

[0230] Due to the versatility of the SFRS of this invention, other structures can be integrated into it. To prevent the loading and handling equipment from exceeding the grid boundaries, crash barriers are installed around the edges of the grid to absorb the impact when the loading and handling equipment collides with the crash barriers. Since the weight of the loading and handling equipment may exceed 100 kg, the crash barriers need to be installed and supported by a separate structure, which includes a separate vertical support frame adjacent to the grid. The structure supporting the crash barriers is not fixedly attached to the grid frame. In this way, if the loading and handling equipment accidentally collides with the crash barriers, the crash barriers will not damage the grid frame structure. Crash barriers known in the art are further discussed in detail in WO2017 / 153563 (Ocado Innovation Limited). In WO2017 / 153563 (Ocado Innovation Limited), the structure supporting the crash barriers needs to absorb impacts from one or more loading and handling equipment and includes one or more support components.

[0231] However, since the function of the SFRS is to constrain the grid frame structure during strong earthquake events, the SFRS is versatile enough to house one or more crash barriers, meaning the crash barriers can be directly mounted to the surrounding support structure. The SFRS of this invention is robust enough to absorb the impact of one or more loading and handling equipment striking the crash barriers directly mounted to the surrounding support structure of the SFRS. Therefore, unlike known grid structures where crash barriers are mounted in a separate frame structure adjacent to the grid frame structure carrying the loading and handling equipment, the crash barriers can be integrated into the SFRS of this invention.

[0232] The grid elements 460, primarily tubular beams, are welded together to create a rigid structure capable of absorbing a certain degree of impact. Due to the structural stiffness and strength of the grid 250 of the seismic grid frame structure of this invention (primarily due to the peripheral support structure of the supporting grid and vertical frame columns), the grid is sufficiently stable to support or install crash barriers that will not compromise the structural integrity of the grid structure should a loading and handling device collide with the crash barriers. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the crash barriers are directly mounted to the grid 250, i.e., installed at the edge of the grid. Crash barriers 800 are located at different positions around the edge of the grid 250 and are configured to absorb impact if the loading and handling device unintentionally exceeds the grid's boundaries. Figure 49In a specific embodiment of the invention shown, the crash barrier 800 includes one or more impact absorbers 802 mounted to crash beams 804 located around the edges of the grid 250. The impact absorbers 802 are composed of a material configured to dissipate energy upon impact, thereby helping to mitigate excessive damage to the loading and handling equipment in the event of a collision. Examples of materials that dissipate energy upon impact include, but are not limited to, resilient materials (e.g., rubber) or abrasive materials (e.g., abrasive aluminum honeycomb). Figure 49 In a specific embodiment of the invention shown, one or more shock absorbers 802 have a honeycomb structure made of aluminum, configured to collapse upon impact. One or more shock absorbers 802 are mounted to a frame, which is then mounted to a grid 250. The frame includes a crash beam 804 mounted to the edge of the grid 250 via one or more rods 806. One or more shock absorbers 802 are mounted to the crash beam 804 to extend inward to overhang or penetrate one or more grid cells. If a loading device inadvertently travels toward the edge of the grid, it will collide with a crash barrier 800 to prevent it from inadvertently exceeding the edge of the grid 250. Since the grid 250 in the seismic grid frame structure is primarily composed of tubular beams 460 rigidly connected together (see...), the impact barrier is designed to prevent the loading device from inadvertently exceeding the edge of the grid 250. Figure 32 ) is constructed to resist lateral forces during earthquake events, such as Figure 49 As shown, the anti-collision barrier 800 of the present invention can be directly installed onto the grid 250.

[0233] Various modifications and variations of the illustrative specific embodiments of the grid frame structure, as well as other specific embodiments, which are obvious to those skilled in the art, are considered to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims. For example, in the case where the seismic grid frame structure is modularized to include components of two or more modules or modular frames, each module or modular frame includes a predetermined number of grid cells, and the peripheral support structures 215, 315 of the invention as described above that support the grid. The two or more modules or modular frames may share a reference... Figure 49 The features described are shared collision barriers. In this case, the collision barrier 800 is mounted to the edge of two or more modules or modular framework components, i.e., at least partially surrounding the two or more modules or modular framework components.

Claims

1. A seismic-resistant grid frame structure, comprising a grid frame structure (114) for supporting a loading and handling device (30) operable to move one or more containers in a stack, the grid frame structure (114) comprising: A series of intersecting grid members (118, 120) are arranged to form a grid (50), the grid (50) comprising several basic rectangular frames (54) in a horizontal plane, each of the basic rectangular frames (54) constituting a grid cell. The grid (50) is supported at each intersection (56) of the series of intersecting grid members (118, 120) by several uprights (116) to form several vertical storage locations (58) for stacking containers between the uprights (116) and guiding them vertically through the basic rectangular frames (54). Each upright has a cross-sectional profile including a hollow central portion. The seismic-resistant grid frame structure is characterized by further comprising: The exoskeleton includes a plurality of vertical frame columns (218) supported by at least one support member, the vertical frame columns being solid support members, and the grid being further supported by the exoskeleton to form a seismic restraint system (SFRS). At least a portion of the grid (50) is supported to a plurality of the uprights (116) by one or more movable joints, such that at least a portion of the grid (50) and one or more of the uprights (116) are able to move independently of each other during seismic activity; During a strong earthquake, the outer skeleton absorbs most of the lateral forces from the grid frame structure when it is subjected to compressive forces, thus acting as a erosive structure of the seismic grid frame structure, causing the outer skeleton to be eroded to maintain the structural integrity of the grid frame structure.

2. The seismic-resistant grid frame structure according to claim 1, wherein, The grid (50) includes a boundary or outer region (252), wherein the boundary or outer region (252) of the grid (50) is supported by the exoskeleton.

3. The seismic-resistant grid frame structure according to claim 2, wherein, The at least one support member extends from each of the plurality of vertical frame columns (218) to form a peripheral support structure to further support the grid.

4. The seismic-resistant grid frame structure according to claim 2 or 3, wherein, The grid (50) is supported by a peripheral support structure at or within the boundary or outer region (252) of the grid (50), such that a portion of the boundary or outer region (252) hangs over the peripheral support structure.

5. The seismic-resistant grid frame structure according to claim 3, wherein, The boundary or outer region (252) of the grid (50) constitutes the edge of the grid (50), such that the peripheral support structure supports the grid (50) around the periphery of the grid (50).

6. The seismic grid frame structure according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, A series of intersecting grid members (118, 120) are rigidly connected together at the intersection (56) to form at least one open truss assembly.

7. The seismic grid frame structure according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The at least one supporting member is a horizontal frame beam that extends between at least two of the plurality of vertical frame columns (218) to form a resistance strut.

8. The seismic grid frame structure according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The at least one support member is a diagonal support member, which extends between at least two of the plurality of vertical frame columns (218).

9. The seismic grid frame structure according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The plurality of vertical frame columns (218) include four first vertical frame columns (218a) arranged at the four corners of the grid frame structure (114), and at least one support member extending from the top of each of the four first vertical frame columns (218a) to form a peripheral frame of a basic rectangle or square within or around the boundary or outer region (252) of the grid.

10. The seismic-resistant grid frame structure according to claim 9, wherein, The plurality of vertical frame columns (218) further include at least one second vertical frame column (218b) placed between at least two of the four first vertical frame columns (218a) at the corner of the grid frame structure (114), and the at least one support member extends between at least one vertical frame column of the four first vertical frame columns (218a) at the corner of the grid frame structure (114) and between at least one of the plurality of second vertical frame columns (218b) located between at least two of the four first vertical frame columns (218a) at the corner of the grid frame structure (114).

11. The seismic grid frame structure according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, A series of intersecting grid components are welded at their intersections.

12. The seismic grid frame structure according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, At least one of the intersecting grid members is a tubular beam.

13. The seismic grid frame structure according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The grid (50) is subdivided into several interconnected subframes (404), each of the several interconnected subframes (404) including at least one grid cell. The adjacent subframes are connected together by a joint (402) located between the intersections of the adjacent subframes.

14. The seismic grid frame structure according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, A track or rail is installed on the grid (50) to guide the loading and processing equipment (30) to move on the grid (50).

15. A storage system, comprising: i) A seismic-resistant grid frame structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 14; ii) A stack (12) of several containers arranged in storage columns located below the grid (50), wherein each storage column is vertically located below the grid cell; iii) A plurality of loading and handling devices (30) for lifting and moving containers stacked in the stack (12), the plurality of loading and handling devices (30) being remotely operated to move laterally on the grid (50) above the storage column to access the containers through the basic rectangular frame (54), each plurality of the loading and handling devices (30) comprising: a) A wheel assembly for guiding the loading processing device (30) on the grid (50); b) The container receiving space (40) located above the grid (50); and c) Lifting a single container from the stack into the container receiving space (40) using a lifting device.

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