Electrical device, panel and heat exchanger

Abstract

An electrical device (10) comprising a housing (14), a heat generating electrical component (18) arranged inside the housing (14), and a heat exchanger (12) comprising a three-dimensional lattice cell structure (22) arranged to guide a dielectric cooling fluid (16) from the housing (14) at an outside of the housing (14) for heat exchange with an ambient fluid (20) and back towards the housing (14) for cooling the electrical component (18). A panel (60) for a heat exchanger (12) and a heat exchanger (12) comprising a plurality of panels (60) are also provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to heat exchangers for electrical installations. In particular, an electrical installation including a heat exchanger, a panel for the heat exchanger, and a heat exchanger including multiple panels are provided. Background Technology

[0002] The transformer oil used in power transformers is typically cooled by cooling devices such as radiators or coolers. These cooling devices usually constitute a significant portion of the transformer's footprint.

[0003] US2020033070A1 discloses a heat exchanger including a housing and a minimum surface structure within the housing. The housing includes a first inlet, a first outlet, a second inlet, and a second outlet. The minimum surface structure separates a first volume and a second volume within the housing. The first inlet and the first outlet are in fluid communication with the first volume, and the second inlet and the second outlet are in fluid communication with the second volume. The first and second volumes are separated to prevent mixing with each other. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One object of this disclosure is to provide an electrical device including heat-generating electrical components and a heat exchanger, which is capable of improving the cooling of the electrical components.

[0005] Another object of this disclosure is to provide an electrical device including a heat exchanger that enables simple maintenance.

[0006] Another object of this disclosure is to provide an electrical device including a heat exchanger having a compact design.

[0007] Another object of this disclosure is to provide an electrical device including a heat exchanger that has a lighter weight.

[0008] Another object of this disclosure is to provide an electrical device including a heat exchanger that requires a small amount of dielectric cooling fluid.

[0009] Another object of this disclosure is to provide an electrical device including a heat exchanger that addresses one or more of the foregoing objects in a combined manner.

[0010] Another object of this disclosure is to provide a panel for a heat exchanger that addresses one, more, or all of the foregoing objects.

[0011] Another object of this disclosure is to provide a heat exchanger for an electrical device that addresses one, more, or all of the aforementioned objects.

[0012] According to one aspect, an electrical device is provided, comprising: a housing; a heat-generating electrical component disposed within the housing; and a heat exchanger including a three-dimensional lattice cell structure arranged to guide dielectric cooling fluid from the housing at an external location for heat exchange with an ambient fluid, and to return toward the housing for cooling the electrical component.

[0013] The three-dimensional mesh cell structure increases the surface area exposed for heat transfer. Therefore, heat transfer efficiency is improved through the three-dimensional mesh cell structure. This also improves the cooling efficiency of electrical components. Due to the high heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger, the amount of cooling fluid can be relatively low. The three-dimensional mesh cell structure also provides a good mixing environment and a lower increase in pressure drop.

[0014] The three-dimensional grid cell structure further enables a compact design for heat exchangers. Consequently, electrical components can also be manufactured more compactly. Alternatively, electrical components can be made more powerful within the same footprint.

[0015] Furthermore, the three-dimensional grid cell structure allows for the manufacture of lighter electrical devices. This, in turn, reduces transportation costs. The three-dimensional grid cell structure also makes the production of electrical devices easier.

[0016] A three-dimensional mesh element structure may include periodic patterns in each of three different directions. Each periodic pattern may include at least three periods. These directions may be substantially orthogonal or orthogonal. A three-dimensional mesh element structure includes multiple elements. These elements may be arranged substantially orthogonally or orthogonally in two or three directions.

[0017] A three-dimensional mesh cell structure can define the internal mesh cell structure volume. This internal mesh cell structure volume can be continuous or discontinuous. Therefore, the internal mesh cell structure volume can form a continuous labyrinthine network for the cooling fluid, or it can form multiple parallel labyrinthine networks for the cooling fluid. In either case, the internal mesh cell structure volume can be in communication with the internal fluid of the outer shell.

[0018] A three-dimensional mesh cell structure can define the volume of the outer mesh cell structure. This volume can be continuous or discontinuous. Therefore, the outer mesh cell structure volume can form a continuous labyrinthine network for the environmental fluid, or it can form multiple parallel labyrinthine networks for the environmental fluid. In either case, the outer mesh cell structure volume can be fluidly connected to the environmental fluid.

[0019] The cooling fluid can be a dielectric liquid, such as dielectric oil. The ambient fluid can be ambient air or water.

[0020] The shell and the three-dimensional mesh cell structure can define a loop for cooling fluid. The heat exchanger may include one or more inlets and one or more outlets. In this case, the three-dimensional mesh cell structure can be fluidly arranged between the one or more inlets and one or more outlets. Each inlet and each outlet can be fluidly arranged between the shell and the three-dimensional mesh cell structure. The inlets can be geodetically positioned higher than the outlets.

[0021] The enclosure may include multiple walls. The three-dimensional mesh cell structure may be embedded in one of these walls. Alternatively or additionally, the three-dimensional mesh cell structure may be welded or bolted to one of the multiple walls.

[0022] A heat exchanger may comprise multiple bodies, each comprising a three-dimensional mesh cell structure or a two-dimensional mesh structure. Each body may be formed integrally. For example, each body may be manufactured using additive manufacturing. An example of additive manufacturing is 3D printing.

[0023] Each unit can be detachably attached to the housing. This reduces assembly time and facilitates maintenance. For example, one unit can be replaced without replacing the rest. One reason for replacement might be leakage.

[0024] Each subject can be a panel comprising a two-dimensional mesh cell structure. The two-dimensional mesh cell structure can include periodic patterns in each of two different directions. Each periodic pattern can include at least three periods. These directions can be substantially orthogonal or orthogonal.

[0025] Panels can be arranged in a stacked manner to form a three-dimensional mesh cell structure. In this case, the cells of adjacent panels can be aligned or offset. Alternatively, each body can be elongated, such as a tube.

[0026] Three-dimensional mesh element structures can include triple periodic basic minimum surfaces, such as triple periodic minimum surfaces (TPMS). TPMS can include, for example, the Schwarz P surface. Triple periodic basic minimum surfaces can be surfaces similar to TPMS but that do not meet the requirements for being named TPMS.

[0027] The three-dimensional mesh cell structure may include non-flat and flow-facilitating ends. For example, the ends may be conical or hemispherical. Each end may enclose a corresponding cell of the three-dimensional mesh cell structure.

[0028] A heat exchanger may include two parallel three-dimensional mesh cell structures, each of which may be arranged to guide cooling fluid from the housing to exchange heat with ambient fluid at the outer side of the housing and return towards the housing to cool electrical components. In this configuration, the heat exchanger may include multiple inlets and multiple outlets. Each pair of inlets and outlets may be associated with one three-dimensional mesh cell structure. Each three-dimensional mesh cell structure may be fluidly arranged between the associated inlets and outlets.

[0029] The heat exchanger may further include conduits for guiding ambient fluid through the three-dimensional mesh cell structure. In this case, the ambient fluid can flow both inside and outside the three-dimensional mesh cell structure. That is, the ambient fluid can flow both inside the conduit and outside the mesh cell structure volume. This further increases heat transfer between the cooling fluid and the ambient fluid. The conduits may extend through the cells of the three-dimensional mesh cell structure.

[0030] As an alternative, the conduit can be a heat pipe containing a two-phase coolant. In this case, the inner surface of the heat pipe can include a capillary structure. Sections of the heat pipe outside the three-dimensional grid cell structure can constitute a condenser region, and sections of the heat pipe inside the three-dimensional grid cell structure can constitute an evaporator region. In the evaporator region of the heat pipe adjacent to the cooling fluid, the two-phase coolant absorbs heat from the cooling fluid and evaporates. The vapor travels inside the heat pipe but outside the capillary structure, reaching the low-temperature condenser region of the heat pipe outside the three-dimensional grid cell structure, where the vapor condenses back into liquid and is absorbed by the capillary structure. The liquid then travels from the condenser region back to the evaporator region inside the capillary structure.

[0031] The heat exchanger may include a guide structure within a three-dimensional mesh cell structure, arranged to guide cooling fluid along a defined path within the three-dimensional mesh cell structure. This path may traverse substantially the entire or all of the three-dimensional mesh cell structure. The path may be a serpentine path. The guide structure may include multiple plates.

[0032] The electrical device may also include a pump assembly arranged to generate a flow of cooling fluid through the three-dimensional grid cell structure. This further improves heat exchange. The pump assembly may include one or more pumps. Alternatively, the electrical device may be configured to circulate the cooling fluid solely by natural convection, i.e., without any mechanical assistance for circulating the cooling fluid.

[0033] The electrical device may also include a fan assembly arranged to generate flow of ambient fluid within the three-dimensional grid cell structure. This further improves heat exchange. The fan assembly can be arranged to generate flow of ambient fluid through the three-dimensional grid cell structure. The fan assembly may include one or more fans.

[0034] The fan assembly can be arranged in a three-dimensional mesh cell structure to generate the flow rate of ambient fluid in at least two different directions, such as at least three different directions. These directions can be substantially orthogonal or orthogonal.

[0035] The electrical installation can be a high-voltage electrostatic induction system, such as a power transformer or a shunt reactor. As used herein, the high voltage can be at least 30 kV, such as at least 100 kV. Although the electrical installation is primarily described as a power transformer, it is not limited to power transformers.

[0036] According to another aspect, a panel for a heat exchanger is provided, the panel comprising an inlet, an outlet, and a two-dimensional grid cell structure fluidly located between the inlet and the outlet. According to this disclosure, the panel can be of any type.

[0037] According to another aspect, a heat exchanger for an electrical device is provided, comprising a plurality of panels according to the invention, the panels being arranged in a stacked manner to form a three-dimensional grid cell structure. Cells of adjacent panels may be aligned or offset.

[0038] Each panel may include a two-dimensional mesh cell structure. The two-dimensional mesh cell structure may include periodic patterns in each of two different directions. Each periodic pattern may include at least three periods. These directions may be substantially orthogonal or orthogonal. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Further details, advantages, and aspects of this disclosure will become apparent from the following embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic side view of an electrical installation including a heat exchanger is shown.

[0041] Figure 2 schematically shown Figure 1 A partial perspective view of the three-dimensional mesh cell structure of the heat exchanger in the image;

[0042] Figure 3 A side view of an electrical installation, including a further example of a heat exchanger, is schematically shown;

[0043] Figure 4 schematically shown Figure 3 A partial perspective view of the heat exchanger in the image;

[0044] Figure 5 A side view of an electrical installation, including a further example of a heat exchanger, is schematically shown;

[0045] Figure 6 A side view of an electrical installation, including a further example of a heat exchanger, is schematically shown;

[0046] Figure 7 A side view of an electrical installation, including a further example of a heat exchanger, is schematically shown;

[0047] Figure 8 schematically shown Figure 7 A perspective view of the panel of the heat exchanger in the middle;

[0048] Figure 9 schematically shown Figure 8 The front view of the panel in the image;

[0049] Figure 10 A side view of an electrical installation, including a further example of a heat exchanger, is schematically shown; and

[0050] Figure 11 schematically shown Figure 10 A front view of the electrical installations in the diagram. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The following description will include electrical installations comprising heat exchangers, panels for heat exchangers, and heat exchangers comprising multiple panels. The same or similar reference numerals will be used to denote the same or similar structural features.

[0052] Figure 1 A schematic side view of a power transformer 10 including a heat exchanger 12 is shown. The power transformer 10 is an example of an electrical installation. The power transformer 10 includes a housing 14. The housing 14 contains dielectric oil 16. The dielectric oil 16 is an example of a dielectric cooling fluid.

[0053] The power transformer 10 also includes electrical components 18. Electrical components 18 are arranged inside the housing 14. Electrical components 18 are immersed in oil 16. During operation of the power transformer 10, electrical components 18 generate heat. Electrical components 18 may be, for example, windings of the power transformer 10.

[0054] Figure 1 The ambient air 20 outside the housing 14 is further shown. Air 20 can be the atmosphere. Air 20 is an example of an ambient fluid.

[0055] The heat exchanger 12 includes a three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22. The three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22 comprises multiple cells 24. This example of a three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22 includes a triple-periodic fundamental minimum surface with an elongated Schwarz P surface. The three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22 can, for example, be 3D printed.

[0056] The three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22 defines an inner mesh cell structure volume 26 and an outer mesh cell structure volume 28. The inner mesh cell structure volume 26 and the outer mesh cell structure volume 28 form two separate networks. Oil 16 from inside the housing 14 can flow into and out of the inner mesh cell structure volume 26. Air 20 can flow into and out of the outer mesh cell structure volume 28. In this example, each mesh cell structure volume in the inner mesh cell structure volume 26 and the outer mesh cell structure volume 28 is continuous.

[0057] The three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22 is therefore configured to guide the oil 16 from the housing 14 to the outside of the housing 14 and back towards the housing 14. The three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22 includes a large surface area for heat exchange between the oil 16 and the air 20. Tests show that the heat exchanger 12 has a very high heat transfer coefficient. This reduces the number of radiators required. Despite including a large surface area for heat exchange, the three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22 is also compact.

[0058] The heat exchanger 12 includes an inlet 30 and an outlet 32. Each of the inlet 30 and outlet 32 ​​is fluidly arranged between the housing 14 and the three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22. The inlet 30 is arranged geodetically higher than the outlet 32.

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, the housing 14 and the three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22 define a circuit for oil 16, the circuit including the housing 14, inlet 30, three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22, and outlet 32. Figure 1 During the operation of the power transformer 10, oil 16 flows clockwise in the circuit, as indicated by the arrow. That is, the oil 16 is heated by the electrical components 18. The hot oil 16 then enters the three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22 through inlet 30. The hot oil 16 in the inner mesh cell volume 26 is then cooled by heat exchange with the air 20 in the outer mesh cell volume 28. The cooled oil 16 then exits the three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22 through outlet 32. The electrical components 18 are then cooled by the cooled oil 16.

[0060] The outer casing 14 includes four side walls 34 and a top wall 36. Figure 1 In the example, the three-dimensional mesh element structure 22 is embedded in one of the sidewalls 34. The three-dimensional mesh element structure 22 can be connected to the sidewall 34, for example, by welding or bolting.

[0061] The power transformer 10 further includes a fan assembly. The fan assembly includes a front fan 38 and a bottom fan 40. The front fan 38 is configured to blow air 20 horizontally into the three-dimensional grid cell structure 22. The bottom fan 40 is configured to blow air 20 vertically from below into the three-dimensional grid cell structure 22. The cooling efficiency of the power transformer 10 can be easily adjusted by regulating the speeds of the fans 38 and 40. The fan assembly may also include an additional fan (not shown) that blows air 20 in a separate horizontal direction perpendicular to the blowing direction of the front fan 38.

[0062] The three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22 further includes non-flat and flow-facilitating ends 42. Each end 42 encloses a corresponding cell 24 of the three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22.

[0063] Figure 2 schematically shown Figure 1 A partial perspective view of the three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22 of the heat exchanger 12. (See attached image.) Figure 2 As shown, the three-dimensional mesh element structure 22 includes periodic patterns in each of the three orthogonal directions. Each periodic pattern includes multiple periods. Elements 24 are arranged orthogonally in the three directions. Figure 2 As shown, each non-flat flow-promoting end 42 in this example has a conical shape.

[0064] Figure 3 A side view of a power transformer 10, including another example of a heat exchanger 12, is schematically shown. Figure 4 schematically shown Figure 3 A partial perspective view of the heat exchanger 12. (See common reference) Figure 3 and Figure 4 , will describe relative to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The main differences.

[0065] Figure 3 and Figure 4 The heat exchanger 12 includes multiple pipes 44. In this example, each pipe 44 is straight and vertically oriented. The pipes 44 are configured to guide air 20 through the three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22.

[0066] Each pipe 44 extends through the entire 3D mesh cell structure 22. In this example, each pipe 44 extends through cell 24 of the 3D mesh cell structure 22.

[0067] Figure 3 The heat exchanger 12 further includes a manifold 46. The manifold 46 branches into the duct 44. A bottom fan 40 is arranged to blow air 20 through the duct 44 via the manifold 46. A front fan 38 is arranged to... Figure 1 Air 20 is blown into the three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22 in the same manner. Therefore, in Figure 3 In this process, heat exchange between oil 16 and air 20 occurs both between the internal mesh structure volume 26 and the external mesh structure volume 28, and between the internal mesh structure volume 26 and the pipe 44. In this way, the heat transfer efficiency between oil 16 and air 20 is further increased. Figure 3 The heat exchanger 12 in the middle also has a simple structure.

[0068] Figure 3 and Figure 4 The pipe 44 can alternatively be configured as a heat pipe containing a two-phase coolant and equipped with an internal capillary structure. In this case, the pipe 44 can extend further outside the three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22.

[0069] Figure 5 A side view of a power transformer 10, including a heat exchanger 12, is schematically shown as an additional example. Description will be relative to... Figure 1 and 2 The main differences.

[0070] Figure 5 The heat exchanger 12 further includes multiple plates 48. The plates 48 define paths 50 within the internal grid cell structure volume 26. (As...) Figure 5 As shown, path 50 is serpentine. Plate 48 is an example of a guide structure used to guide oil 16 within the three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22.

[0071] like Figure 5 As shown, plate 48 forces oil 16 to the far side (relative to housing 14) of the three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22. Thus, plate 48 further improves heat transfer between oil 16 and air 20 within the three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22.

[0072] Figure 6 A side view of a power transformer 10, including a heat exchanger 12, is schematically shown as an additional example. Description will be relative to... Figure 1 and 2 The main differences.

[0073] Figure 6 The heat exchanger 12 includes a plurality of bodies 52. Each body 52 includes a three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22. The bodies 52 thus form a plurality of parallel networks for oil 16. Each three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22 is configured to guide oil 16 from the housing 14 at the outside of the housing 14 for heat exchange with air 20, and to return toward the housing 14 for cooling electrical components 18.

[0074] Each body 52 is detachably connected to the housing 14. The power transformer 10 can still function even when one of the bodies 52 is removed for replacement. In this case, the opening to the body 52 to be removed for replacement needs to be closed. Replacing only one body 52 is simpler and cheaper.

[0075] However, the main body 52 does not need to be directly connected to the outer casing 14. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the heat exchanger 12 includes an upper manifold 54 and a lower manifold 56. The upper manifold 54 branches into the inlet 30 of each body 52. ​​The outlet 32 ​​of each body 52 is connected by the lower manifold 56. Each body 52 is detachably connected to the upper manifold 54 and the lower manifold 56.

[0076] Figure 6 The power transformer 10 also includes a pump 58. Pump 58 constitutes an example of a pumping device. Pump 58 is configured to selectively enhance the flow of oil 16 through the three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22. The cooling efficiency of the power transformer 10 can be easily adjusted by regulating the speed of pump 58. Figure 6 In the example, pump 58 is arranged in the lower manifold 56, that is, downstream of the main body 52.

[0077] Figure 6 The power transformer 10 further includes a plurality of bottom fans 40. Each bottom fan 40 is arranged below one of the three-dimensional mesh cell structures 22. One bottom fan 40 is associated with each three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22.

[0078] Figure 7 A side view of a power transformer 10, including a heat exchanger 12, is schematically shown. The heat exchanger 12 includes multiple panels 60. Figure 8 schematically shown Figure 7 A perspective view of one panel of panel 60 of heat exchanger 12, and Figure 9 schematically shown Figure 8 Front view of panel 60. (Common reference) Figures 7 to 9 , will describe relative to Figure 6 The main differences.

[0079] Panel 60 is another example of the main body according to this disclosure. Each panel 60 is detachably connected to housing 14. Each panel 60 includes a two-dimensional grid cell structure 62. Additionally, each panel 60 in this example includes a plurality of holes 64. The holes 64 are arranged between cells 24.

[0080] Panels 60 are arranged in a stacked manner. In this way, panels 60 collectively form a three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22. The distance between panels 60 can be varied, for example, optimized to achieve improved heat transfer. Figure 7 As shown, each panel 60 is horizontally oriented. Figures 7 to 9 In the example, the internal mesh cell structure volume 26 is discontinuous. Therefore, the three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22 forms multiple parallel labyrinthine networks for oil 16, i.e., one network in each panel 60.

[0081] With the help of the holes 64, the outer grid cell structure volume 28 is continuous. However, for example, if the panel 60 is made of a metal sheet, the panel 60 does not need to include the holes 64. In this case, the outer grid cell structure volume 28 is discontinuous between the panels 60.

[0082] Panels 60 are arranged in a dense configuration. In this example, panels 60 are overlapping. That is, a cell 24 of one panel 60 enters the corresponding space between cells 24 of an adjacent panel 60. Therefore, cells 24 of adjacent panels 60 are offset.

[0083] As an alternative, the non-flat end 42 of panel 60 can be replaced by a flat end. In this case, panels 60 can be arranged compactly face to face with each other, and the cells 24 of adjacent panels 60 do not need to be offset.

[0084] The heat exchanger 12 further includes a conduit 66. An outlet 32 ​​of each panel 60 is connected to the conduit 66. Before being connected to the housing 14, the conduit 66 transitions from vertical to horizontal (as seen in the flow direction of the oil 16). A pump 58 is arranged within the conduit 66, specifically in its vertical section. A bottom fan 40 is vertically arranged between the three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22 and the horizontal section of the conduit 66.

[0085] according to Figure 8 and Figure 9 Panel 60 is merely a specific example. In particular, the design of inlet 30 and outlet 32 ​​can be modified.

[0086] Figure 10 A side view of a power transformer 10, including a heat exchanger 12, is schematically shown. Figure 11 schematically shown Figure 10 A front view of the power transformer 10 in the diagram. (See also: Common Reference) Figure 10 and Figure 11 , will describe relative to Figure 7 The main differences.

[0087] Figure 10 and Figure 11 Panel 60 used with Figure 8 and Figure 9 The types are the same. For example... Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, each panel 60 is vertically oriented. The panels 60 are arranged in a stacked manner to collectively form a three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22.

[0088] Figure 11 The fan assembly is further shown to include two additional fans 68. Each fan 68 is arranged to blow air 20 into the three-dimensional mesh cell structure 22 in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the blowing direction of the front fan 38.

[0089] While this disclosure has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to what has been described above. For example, it should be understood that the dimensions of the parts can be varied as needed. Therefore, the invention is intended to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electrical device (10) comprising: - a housing (14); - a heat generating electrical component (18) arranged inside the housing (14); - a heat exchanger (12) comprising a three-dimensional lattice cell structure (22) comprising a periodic pattern in each of three orthogonal directions, the three-dimensional lattice cell structure (22) being arranged to guide a dielectric cooling fluid (16) from the housing (14) on the outside of the housing (14) to exchange heat with an ambient fluid (20) and back towards the housing (14) to cool the electrical component (18); and - a fan device (38, 40, 68) arranged to generate a flow of the ambient fluid (20) in the three-dimensional lattice cell structure (22), wherein the fan device (38, 40, 68) is arranged to generate a flow of the ambient fluid (20) in at least two different directions in the three-dimensional lattice cell structure (22).

2. The electrical device (10) according to claim 1, wherein The heat exchanger (12) comprises a plurality of bodies (52), each body (52) comprising a three-dimensional lattice cell structure (22) or a two-dimensional lattice cell structure (62).

3. The electrical device (10) according to claim 2, wherein Each body (52) is detachably connected to the housing (14).

4. The electrical device (10) according to claim 2, wherein Each body is a panel (60) comprising a two-dimensional lattice cell structure (62).

5. The electrical device (10) according to claim 4, wherein The panels (60) are arranged in a stacked manner to form the three-dimensional lattice cell structure (22).

6. The electrical device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The three-dimensional lattice cell structure (22) comprises a triple periodic elementary minimum surface.

7. The electrical device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein The three-dimensional lattice cell structure (22) comprises non-flat and flow-promoting end portions (42).

8. The electrical device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The heat exchanger (12) comprises two three-dimensional lattice cell structures (22) arranged in parallel, and wherein each three-dimensional lattice cell structure (22) is arranged to guide the cooling fluid (16) from the housing (14) on the outside of the housing (14) to exchange heat with an ambient fluid (20) and back towards the housing (14) to cool the electrical component (18).

9. The electrical device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The heat exchanger (12) further comprises a duct (44) for guiding the ambient fluid (20) through the three-dimensional lattice cell structure (22).

10. The electrical device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The heat exchanger (12) comprises a guiding structure (48) inside the three-dimensional lattice cell structure (22), the guiding structure (48) being arranged to guide the cooling fluid (16) along a defined path (50) inside the three-dimensional lattice cell structure (22).

11. The electrical device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a pump device (58) arranged to generate a flow of the cooling fluid (16) through the three-dimensional lattice cell structure (22).

12. The electrical device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The electrical device is a high voltage electrostatic induction system.

13. The electrical device (10) according to claim 12, wherein The high voltage electrostatic induction system is a power transformer or a shunt reactor. The high voltage electrostatic induction system is a power transformer or a shunt reactor.

14. A heat exchanger (12) for an electrical device (10), the heat exchanger (12) comprising a plurality of panels (60), wherein, the panels (60) comprise an inlet (30), an outlet (32) and a two-dimensional grid cell structure (62) fluidly located between the inlet (30) and the outlet (32), and the panels (60) are arranged in a stacked manner to form a three-dimensional grid cell structure (22) comprising a periodic pattern in each of three orthogonal directions, the three-dimensional grid cell structure (22) being arranged to guide a dielectric cooling fluid (16) to exchange heat with an ambient fluid (20); the heat exchanger (12) further comprises a fan arrangement (38, 40, 68) arranged to generate a flow of the ambient fluid (20) in the three-dimensional grid cell structure (22), wherein the fan arrangement (38, 40, 68) is arranged to generate a flow of the ambient fluid (20) in at least two different directions in the three-dimensional grid cell structure (22).

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