Small area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device, tunnel boring machine and construction method

Abstract

The present invention provides a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device, a tunnel boring machine, and a construction method, comprising a fresh air system and a dust removal system. The fresh air system includes a fresh air distributor; the dust removal system includes a dust collector, a top dust shield, and side dust shields located on both sides of the top dust shield. The fresh air distributor, the top dust shield, and the side dust shields enclose a fresh air environment operating space. One end of each of the top dust shield and the side dust shields is a dust suction port, and the other end air outlets of the top dust shield and the side dust shields are connected to the air inlet of the dust collector. The fresh air distributor is provided with multiple air outlets, and the air outlets face the operating space. The dust suction port of the top dust shield is at the front, and the air outlet of the top dust shield is at the rear. The front direction is aligned with the tunnel boring direction. The air outlet of the fresh air distributor is located in front of the air outlet of the dust collector, and the dust suction ports of the top dust shield and the side dust shields are located in front of the air outlet of the fresh air distributor. The present invention avoids the need for a high-power dust suction fan and a long air duct, and achieves excellent dust removal effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of underground engineering excavation machinery, and in particular relates to a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device, a tunneling machine and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] Underground tunneling faces are often isolated environments, and dust from rock breaking can negatively impact worker health and construction. Existing methods for removing dust from tunnel boring machines include water mist spraying, foam blanketing, and negative pressure suction. Tunnel boring machines are equipped with high-pressure water mist generators, foam generators, and dust suction fans. While these devices are somewhat effective, they cannot prevent dust from spreading from the front to the rear. Furthermore, they present complex structures, occupy a large amount of workspace, are costly, and pose safety risks.

[0003] Existing water mist dust removal systems in tunnel boring machines include both internal and external spray systems. Internal spray is more effective than external spray. However, internal spray often malfunctions, often requiring external spray alone, and the dust reduction effect falls short of the required level. Furthermore, excessive water spraying can easily cause broken rock to become muddy, even trapping tunnel boring equipment and hindering operation. Despite numerous technological advances, this method of dust removal for tunnel boring machines theoretically cannot achieve complete dust removal, and therefore, cannot guarantee high indoor air quality.

[0004] The foam generators used in tunneling equipment have a simple structure. During operation, they cover the cutting head, trapping dust within the crushed rock. However, this device is prone to problems during construction, such as incomplete coverage or sudden ejection of pressurized dust and air from the cover during the crushing process. Consequently, a small amount of dust may escape. Furthermore, this dust removal method is not suitable for removing windblown dust from the area between the working face and the main tunnel air outlet. Therefore, operators of these tunneling machines are still exposed to a low level of dust. Dust cover can also pose a serious safety hazard: gas trapped in the coal mass is released instantly during excavation. Complete coverage can cause gas to exceed the limit beneath the cover layer. Furthermore, the high-speed rotation of the cutting head can cause sparks and gas explosions.

[0005] Tunnel boring machines with negative pressure dust collection have shown good results in practice. Existing dust removal methods typically place a dust collection port in the center of the tunnel face, install a dust collection fan 5-10 meters outward from the tunnel air inlet, and then connect the dust collection fan to the air intake port using a rigid air duct. Because dust removal requires a suction capacity exceeding the air volume of the air inlet duct, these tunnel boring machines equipped with negative pressure dust collection devices are bulky. This large, rigid air duct occupies tunneling space, and the movement of the dust collection fan significantly impacts construction. To mitigate this, some tunnel boring machines mount the dust collection fan on the tunnel boring machine body. While this seemingly avoids the need for a large air duct and the movement of the dust collection fan, it actually creates safety concerns with the large amount of circulating air at the working face. Existing tunnel new air ducts have only one outlet. Mounting the dust collection fan on the tunnel boring machine body results in a significant amount of polluted air circulating at the working face, resulting in poor dust removal effectiveness and, more importantly, safety risks.

[0006] To sum up, although the existing dust removal equipment has certain effects, the common problems are: the dust removal equipment has a great impact on production, the dust removal effect is not ideal and cannot achieve a fresh air working environment. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the problems of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device, a tunnel boring machine and a construction method. There is no need to place the dust suction fan at a staggered distance outside the air inlet of the tunnel wind duct. The dust suction fan is placed on the tunnel boring machine body without forming circulating air, thereby avoiding the influence of the long wind duct in the tunnel working area and ensuring a fresh air environment.

[0008] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device comprises a fresh air system and a dust removal system; the fresh air system comprises a fresh air distributor; the dust removal system comprises a dust collector, a top dust shield, and side dust shields located on both sides of the top dust shield; the fresh air distributor, the top dust shield, and the side dust shields enclose an operating space;

[0010] One end of the top dust shield and the side dust shield are both equipped with dust suction ports, and the air outlets at the other ends of the top dust shield and the side dust shield are connected to the air inlet of the dust collector; the fresh air distributor is provided with multiple air outlets and the air outlets are facing the operating space; the dust suction port of the top dust shield is the front, and the air outlet of the top dust shield is the rear, the front is the same as the excavation direction, the air outlet of the fresh air distributor is located in front of the air outlet of the dust collector, and the dust suction ports of the top dust shield and the side dust shield are located in front of the air outlet of the fresh air distributor.

[0011] Preferably, the fresh air system also includes a laneway fresh air duct, a joint and an induced draft duct.

[0012] The air outlet end of the alley fresh air duct is slidably connected to the air inlet end of the induced air duct through a joint, and the air outlet end of the induced air duct is connected to the air inlet of the fresh air distributor; the induced air duct and the alley fresh air duct are arranged with a gap in the radial direction.

[0013] Preferably, the dust removal system includes a top dust collecting air duct; the top dust suction shield includes a plurality of top trending strip shields arranged at intervals in the transverse direction, the length direction of the top trending strip shields is arranged along the excavation direction, the front end of the top trending strip shields is a dust suction port, the rear end air outlet of the top trending strip shields is connected to the air inlet of the top dust collecting air duct, and the air outlet of the top dust collecting air duct is connected to the air inlet of the dust collector. During construction, anchor rods can be driven into the gap between two adjacent top trending strip shields.

[0014] Furthermore, the dust removal system includes a side dust collection duct, and the side dust collection shield includes a plurality of side-oriented strip shields arranged at intervals in the vertical direction;

[0015] The length direction of the side strip shield is arranged along the excavation direction. The front end of the side strip shield is a dust suction port. The rear end air outlet of the side strip shield is connected to the air inlet of the side dust collecting air duct. The air outlet of the side dust collecting air duct is connected to the air inlet of the top dust collecting air duct. During construction, anchor rods can be driven into the gap between the adjacent two side strip shields.

[0016] Preferably, the front end of the top dust suction shield is slidably connected to the top telescopic shield; the front end of the top telescopic shield is a dust suction port, and the air outlet at the rear end of the top telescopic shield is connected to the dust suction port of the top dust suction shield; the front end of the side dust suction shield is slidably connected to the side telescopic shield, the front end of the side telescopic shield is a dust suction port, and the rear end is an air outlet; the air outlet of the side telescopic shield is connected to the dust suction port of the side dust suction shield.

[0017] Furthermore, the front end of the top telescopic shield is connected to a top folding shield; the front end of the top folding shield is a dust suction port, and the rear end is an air outlet; the top folding shield can be folded into the operating space, and the air outlet of the top folding shield is sealed and connected to the dust suction port of the top telescopic shield;

[0018] The front end of the telescopic shield is connected with the folding shield; the front end of the folding shield is a dust suction port, and the rear end is an air outlet; the folding shield can be folded into the operating space, and the air outlet of the folding shield is sealed and connected to the dust suction port of the telescopic shield.

[0019] Preferably, it also includes a supporting structure; the top dust suction shield, the side dust suction shield, the dust collector and the fresh air distributor are all supported and fixed by the supporting structure.

[0020] Preferably, it also includes a dust curtain and a wind shield door for isolating fresh air and dusty air; the dust curtain is vertically arranged between the dust suction port of the top dust shield and the air outlet of the fresh air distributor, and the wind shield door is vertically arranged between the air outlet of the fresh air distributor and the air outlet of the dust collector.

[0021] A small-area composite ventilation, dust removal, and fresh air roadheader, comprising a roadheader body and the above-mentioned small-area composite ventilation, dust removal, and fresh air device; the roadheader body has an operating platform; the dust removal system and the fresh air distributor are connected to the operating platform;

[0022] The fresh air distributor and dust collector are both located at the rear end of the operating platform, the top dust shield is located above the operating platform, and the side dust shields are located on both sides of the operating platform. The operating platform, fresh air distributor, top dust shield and side dust shields form an operating space.

[0023] Preferably, a power control system is provided on the operating platform of the tunnel boring machine body, and a hydraulic system is provided at the bottom of the tunnel boring machine body.

[0024] Preferably, it further comprises a bottom drill and a top drill; the bottom drill is arranged on the operating platform, and the top drill is arranged on the top dust shield or between the top dust shield and the operating platform.

[0025] Preferably, it also includes a scraper conveyor, the front end of which is connected to a cutting part; the length direction of the scraper conveyor is arranged along the excavation direction and is located below the excavator body, and the scraper conveyor is movably connected to the excavator body through a mutual lifting mechanism.

[0026] Furthermore, the cutting part includes a cutting head, and the front end of the scraper conveyor is connected to a bottom sweeping head, which is located below the cutting head.

[0027] A construction method of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air tunnel boring machine, based on the small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air tunnel boring machine, comprising:

[0028] Step 1: The top dust suction shield and the side dust suction shield leave the surrounding rock and fix the tunnel boring machine body;

[0029] Step 2: Lift the scraper conveyor through the mutual lifting mechanism to move the scraper conveyor forward, and at the same time, the cutting part starts to dig in;

[0030] Step 3: After the excavation is in place, lay the mesh and temporarily fix the mesh;

[0031] Step 4: Fix the scraper conveyor, and the mutual lifting mechanisms move in opposite directions to lift the tunnel boring machine body, so that the tunnel boring machine body moves forward until the top dust suction shield and the side dust suction shield reach below the roof support area;

[0032] Step 5: Lift the top dust shield and drive the side dust shields to spread the mesh to the roof support area, and drive anchor rods or anchor cables into the gaps between the two top strip shields and the two side strip shields to fix the mesh;

[0033] Step 6: Then return to step 1 and proceed to the next excavation cycle;

[0034] During the entire construction process mentioned above, the fresh air system and the dust removal system are in the open state, and the negative pressure suction volume of the dust removal system is 1%-10% larger than the air output volume of the fresh air distributor.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] The small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device of the present invention adopts the structure of tunneling equipment to form a composite ventilation system in a small-area composite form. According to the dust formation mechanism and the single-head ventilation of the working face, the airflow form of the working face is scientifically changed in combination with dust collection. A hybrid ventilation system combining dust collection and dust reduction with a fresh air system is designed. The fresh air distributor, the top dust collection shield and the side dust collection shields form a fresh air environment operating space. The operating space can be used as a drilling and anchoring working area. The staff can construct anchor cables and perform other operations in this area. The dust air at the front end of the drilling is sucked in through the top dust collection shield and the side dust collection shield and discharged at the rear end. The top dust collection shield and the two side dust collection shields are used. The side dust shields can absorb dust from all directions from the top and both sides, and replenish fresh air in front of the dust removal system outlet through the fresh air distributor. The fresh air distributor can distribute fresh air and supply air to the operating space from multiple outlets, so as to ensure the uniform single flow of fresh air flow and dust collection wind negative pressure in the operating space, avoid air circulation in the area, ensure the freshness of the air flow in the operating space, and avoid conventional strong winds blowing up residual dust on the walls of the tunnel. The fresh air distributor can also play a certain role in isolating fresh air and dusty air, thereby forming a fresh air working environment in the operating space, completely changing the working environment of the operators. Since the air volume required for the working environment of a certain area is used as a condition, a fresh air environment can be formed by matching the suction volume with the intake volume in a specific area, and a fresh air distributor is used to supplement fresh air. Therefore, the air outlet of the dust removal system does not need to be placed at a staggered distance from the air inlet to the outside of the tunnel. The dust suction air volume and fresh air supply of the dust removal system can be designed based on the number of personnel in the excavation and anchoring work area and the gas outflow volume adsorbed by the broken rock mass. The capacity and volume of the dust suction fan are greatly reduced compared with the conventional design fan, so that the power of the dust suction fan is reduced and the size is reduced; that is, the present invention can achieve the dust removal effect by using a small-area composite negative pressure dust removal system, avoiding high-power dust suction fans and long wind ducts. There is no need to place the dust suction fan at a staggered distance from the air inlet to the outside of the tunnel, thus avoiding the impact of long wind ducts in the tunnel working area on production.

[0037] Furthermore, the tunnel fresh air duct is fixed to the tunnel inner wall, and the induced draft duct slides relative to the tunnel fresh air duct via a joint, allowing the length of the induced draft duct to be adjusted according to the excavation distance. A radial gap is created between the induced draft duct and the tunnel fresh air duct, allowing the induced draft duct to extract a portion of the fresh air from the tunnel fresh air duct that matches the dust collection system's intake air volume, rather than the entire intake air volume. This reduces the capacity, size, and power of the dust collection fan.

[0038] Furthermore, the top dust shield is configured as a structure consisting of several top-direction strip shields, each spaced laterally apart, facilitating mesh laying and anchoring operations between them. The top and side dust shields are also equipped with multiple suction ports, overcoming the uneven negative pressure problem associated with existing technologies using a single large suction port. This ensures that dust escaping from the excavation surface is fully captured.

[0039] Furthermore, the side dust suction shield is configured as a structure of several side-oriented strip shields, so that anchoring construction operations can be performed on the side surrounding rocks, and multiple side dust suction ports are more conducive to all-round dust suction and dust removal, ensuring the dust suction effect.

[0040] Furthermore, a top telescopic shield is provided, and the position of the top air suction port can be adjusted as needed to improve the dust removal efficiency.

[0041] Furthermore, a top folding shield is provided to enable more flexible net laying during construction.

[0042] Furthermore, the dust curtain and wind door can prevent the dust air generated by excavation from entering the operating space, further improving the air quality of the working environment and enabling workers to carry out their work.

[0043] The small-area composite ventilation, dust removal and fresh air tunnel boring machine of the present invention is not an improvement on the original technology, but utilizes tunnel boring equipment to form a small-area composite ventilation. Specifically, an operating platform is provided on the tunnel boring machine body, and a dust removal system and a fresh air system are provided on the operating platform at the same time. The operating platform, the fresh air distributor, the top dust suction shield and the side dust suction shields form an operating space, which can be used as an anchoring working area, and the staff can perform operations such as constructing anchor cables in this area. The dust air at the front end of the excavation is sucked in and discharged at the rear end through the top dust suction shield and the side dust suction shields. The setting of the top dust suction shield and the two side dust suction shields can absorb dust from the top and both sides in all directions, and the dust removal effect is better; due to the addition of a fresh air distributor, the fresh air distributor can distribute fresh air and supply air to the operating space from multiple air outlets, so that a uniform single flow of fresh air flow and dust suction wind negative pressure is guaranteed in the operating space, avoiding the circulation of air flow in the area, ensuring that the air flow in the operating space will not stir up excavation dust and keep the airflow in the operating space fresh, and avoiding the conventional strong air flow blowing up the residual dust on the wall of the tunnel. The fresh air distributor can also play a certain isolation effect, thereby forming a fresh air environment in the operating space. Since the air volume determined based on the need to remove gas and personnel in the operating space is much smaller than the air volume of the air inlet duct, the required dust suction fan volume is greatly reduced, and the fresh air is introduced into the rear of the machine body through the fresh air distributor. Therefore, the present invention does not need to place the dust collector of the dust removal system at a staggered distance from the air inlet of the fresh air duct to the outside of the tunnel. The dust collector is directly set on the tunneling machine body without forming circulating air, and the dust removal system can adopt a small area composite negative pressure system to achieve dust removal, avoiding high-power dust collectors and long air ducts, and also avoiding the impact of long air ducts in the tunnel working area.

[0044] Furthermore, the hydraulic system is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel boring machine body, which can provide power for the tunnel boring machine without affecting the construction operations on the operating platform.

[0045] Furthermore, the top drilling machine is arranged on the top dust suction shield or between the top dust suction shield and the operating platform, so that the anchoring operation can be conveniently performed on the operating platform.

[0046] Furthermore, the tunnel boring machine body and the scraper conveyor are connected through a mutual lifting mechanism, and the mutual lifting connection between the two solves the problem of lying under the soft floor.

[0047] The tunneling construction method of this invention creates a fresh air environment during excavation through a dust removal system and a fresh air system, ensuring that air quality within the operating space meets standards. Furthermore, anchor bolt and cable installation can be performed within the operating space, with the mesh supported by top and side dust shields, providing enhanced safety. The tunneling machine body and scraper conveyor are mutually elevated, solving the problem of undercover work on soft floors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 A Example 1 Small area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device decomposition Figure 1 , B is a schematic diagram of the wind flow direction of the fresh air distributor, and C is a schematic diagram of the wind flow direction in the fresh air transfer unit;

[0050] Figure 3 Decomposition of the small area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device in Example 1 Figure 2 ;

[0051] Figure 4 A is an exploded view of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device with a telescopic shield and a folding shield in Example 3; B is a schematic diagram of the connection between the side telescopic shield and the side dust collection shield;

[0052] In FIG5 , AD is a schematic diagram of the connection of the folding shield in Example 3, E is a schematic diagram of the driving structure of the folding shield, and F is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device with a telescopic shield and a folding shield;

[0053] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device with a relatively closed working environment in Example 4;

[0054] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device with an arc-shaped roof in Example 5;

[0055] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device with a full arc section according to Example 5;

[0056] Figure 9 This is the application of the mixed ventilation and dust removal fresh air device in TBM in Example 6;

[0057] Figure 10 This is the application of the mixed ventilation and dust removal fresh air device in TBM in Example 6;

[0058] Figure 11 、 Figure 12 、 Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air tunneling machine according to Example 7;

[0059] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air tunneling machine according to Example 8;

[0060] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air tunneling machine according to Example 9;

[0061] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air tunneling machine according to Example 10;

[0062] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air tunneling machine according to Example 11;

[0063] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tunnel boring machine body in Example 12;

[0064] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air tunneling machine according to Example 13;

[0065] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air tunneling machine according to Example 14;

[0066] Figure 21 Flow chart of the dust removal and fresh air excavation construction method of the present invention;

[0067] 1 Fresh air system, 101 Lane fresh air duct, 102 Connector, 103 Induced air duct, 104 Fresh air control interface, 105 Fresh air distributor, 106 Fresh air adapter unit, 2 Dust removal system, 201 Top dust shield, 202 Top dust collection duct, 203 Dust collector, 204 Support structure, 205 Side dust shield, 206 Side dust collection duct, 207 Side dust collector, 208 Top telescopic shield, 209 Side telescopic shield, 210 Top folding shield, 211 Side folding shield, 212 Dust curtain, 213 Wind shield, 214 Dust collection inlet air flow, 215 Dust collection exhaust air flow, 216 Dust slurry, 217 Side shield drive, 301 cutting head, 302 cutting arm, 303 cutting slide, 218 first hydraulic device, 219 first return spring, 220 second hydraulic device, 221 second return spring, 3 cutting part, 4 scraping part, 401 shovel plate, 402 slag collecting device, 403 scraper conveyor, 404 bottom sweeping head, 5 drilling and anchoring part, 501 bottom drilling rig, 502 drilling rig, 503 top drilling rig, 504 auxiliary drilling rig, 6 tunneling machine body, 601 power and control system, 602 body frame, 603 mutual lifting mechanism, 604 self-moving mechanism, 605 hydraulic system, 606 anchor column, 607 shield frame shoe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] In order to further understand the present invention, the present invention is described below in conjunction with embodiments. These descriptions are only for further explaining the features and advantages of the present invention and are not intended to limit the claims of the present invention.

[0069] In the present invention, "front", "rear", "front end" and "rear end" all refer to the excavation direction as the front.

[0070] Example 1

[0071] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention is a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device, which uses a small-area circulating air to form a negative pressure system, including a fresh air system 1 and a dust removal system 2.

[0072] With the excavation direction as the front, the air outlet of the fresh air system 1 is located in front of the air outlet of the dust removal system 2, and the dust suction port of the dust removal system 2 is located in front of the air outlet of the fresh air system 1.

[0073] like Figure 2 As shown in Figure A, in this embodiment, the fresh air system 1 includes a tunnel fresh air duct 101, a joint 102, an induced draft duct 103, a fresh air introduction interface 104, a fresh air distributor 105 and a fresh air adapter unit 106.

[0074] The alley fresh air duct 101 is fixed on the inner wall of the alley, and the air outlet end of the alley fresh air duct 101 is slidably connected to the air inlet end of the induced draft duct 103 through the joint 102. The joint 102 plays a connecting and guiding role. The induced draft duct 103 is a hard air duct inserted into the alley fresh air duct 101 and the two can slide relative to each other under the action of the joint 102. The joint 102 and the induced draft duct 103 are set with a gap in the radial direction.

[0075] The outlet end of the induced draft duct 103 is flexibly connected to and internally communicates with the fresh air inlet interface 104. The fresh air inlet interface 104 is connected to and internally communicates with the fresh air adapter unit 106. The fresh air adapter unit 106 is internally communicated with the fresh air distributor 105 and is fixedly connected to the fresh air distributor 105. The air outlet of the fresh air distributor 105 serves as the outlet for the fresh air system 1. The air intake of the dust removal system is 1%-15% greater than the air output of the fresh air distributor. The fresh air distributor 105 has a built-in air volume control valve for controlling the amount of fresh air.

[0076] like Figure 2 The fresh air introduced from the lane fresh air duct 101 by the B and C induced draft ducts 103 is diverted through the fresh air introduction interface 104 and the fresh air adapter unit 106 in turn and enters the fresh air distributor 105, and is then sent to the operating space by the fresh air distributor 105.

[0077] Dust removal system 2 includes a top dust collection shield 201, a top dust collection duct 202, a dust collector 203, and a support structure 204. The top dust collection shield consists of several horizontally spaced top running strip shields. The length of the top running strip shields is arranged along the excavation direction, and each top running strip shield is located in the same horizontal plane. The top dust collection duct 202 is located at the rear end of the top running strip shields and is arranged perpendicular to the top running strip shields. The front end of the top running strip shields is a dust suction port. The rear end air outlet of the top running strip shields is connected to the air inlet of the top dust collection duct 202. The air outlet of the top dust collection duct 202 is connected to the air inlet of the dust collector 203. The air outlet of the dust collector 203 serves as the air outlet of the dust removal system 2. The dust collector 203 is used for dust collection and removal. During construction, anchor bolts can be driven into the gap between two adjacent top running strip shields.

[0078] The dust collector 203 is fixedly connected to the top dust collection duct 202, the rear end of the top dust collection shield is fixedly connected to the top dust collection duct 202, the top dust collection duct 202 is supported and fixed on the support structure 204, and the front end of the top dust collection shield is supported and fixed on the support structure 204. The top of the fresh air adapter unit 106 is provided with a groove, and the bottom of the top dust collection duct 202 is provided with a protrusion. The fresh air adapter unit 106 and the top dust collection duct 202 are installed together through the protrusion and groove. The fresh air adapter unit and the top dust collection duct are embedded in each other to save space, thereby connecting the fresh air system and the dust removal system. The support structure 204 can be a leg, which can be optionally designed as a telescopic structure.

[0079] like Figure 3 As shown, side dust shields 205, side dust collection ducts 206, and side shield drivers 303 are installed on both sides of the top dust shield 201. The side dust shields 205 include a plurality of side shield strips spaced apart in the longitudinal direction. The side shield drivers 303 enable the side dust shields 205 and side dust collection ducts 206 to move laterally, thereby supporting the surrounding rock.

[0080] The side shields are arranged along their length in the excavation direction. Each side shield on the same side of the top dust collection shield 201 lies in the same longitudinal plane. The dust collection ports of the side shields and the top shield lie in the same longitudinal plane. The side dust collection duct 206 is located at the rear end of the side shields and is arranged perpendicular to them. The front end of the side shields serves as the dust collection port. The rear end of the side shields connects to the air inlet of the side dust collection duct 206. The air outlet of the side dust collection duct 206 connects to the air inlet of the top dust collection duct 202. The top of the side dust collection duct 206 is bent and sealed to fit into the top dust collection duct 202, where it is inserted. A side dust collector 207 is connected to the bottom edge of the side dust collection duct 206. The side shield drive 303 adjusts the position of the side dust collection shields 205 and the side dust collection duct 206 in a lateral direction perpendicular to the excavation direction. The side shield drive 303 consists of a hydraulic device and a return spring. The fixed end of the hydraulic device is mounted on the support structure, and the driving end is connected to the side dust collection duct 206. One end of the return spring is mounted on the support structure, and the other end is connected to the side dust collection duct. This allows the side dust collection shields 205 to support or separate from the surrounding rock. During construction, anchor bolts can be driven into the gaps between the adjacent strip shields from the two adjacent sides.

[0081] During operation, dust intake air 214 enters the top and side dust shields through the dust inlet. After passing through dust collector 203, the dust-laden air mixes with water vapor, and the dust forms a dust slurry 216 before being discharged. The resulting dust removal exhaust air 215 is clean air, preventing air pollution. Alternatively, the dust collector can utilize a wet dust removal blower manufactured by manufacturers such as Shandong New Sunshine Environmental Protection Equipment Co., Ltd., which removes dust in situ and directly discharges clean air. Simultaneously, fresh air distributor 105 introduces fresh air into the anchor drilling work area, creating a fresh air environment within the area.

[0082] In this embodiment, the fresh air distributor, top dust suction shield and side dust suction shields form an operating space, and the dust air at the front end of the excavation is sucked in and discharged at the rear end through the top dust suction shield and the side dust suction shields. The arrangement of the top dust suction shield and the dust suction shields on both sides can absorb dust from the top and both sides in all directions, and fresh air is replenished in front of the air outlet of the dust removal system through the fresh air distributor to form a fresh air working environment in the operating space. Therefore, the air outlet of the dust removal system does not need to be placed at a staggered distance from the air inlet to the outside of the tunnel. Instead, the dust collector is directly arranged at the rear end of the top dust suction shield, in front of the air inlet of the fresh air duct of the tunnel. The capacity and volume of the fan are greatly reduced compared with conventional designs, so that the power of the dust suction fan is reduced and the size is reduced. The present invention avoids high-power dust suction fans and long air ducts, and there is no need to place the dust suction fan at a staggered distance from the air inlet of the fresh air duct of the tunnel to the outside of the tunnel.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] like Figure 4 and 5As shown, based on Example 1, the front end of the top dust shield 201 in this embodiment is slidably connected to a top telescopic shield 208. The front end of the top telescopic shield 208 is a dust suction port, and the air outlet at the rear end of the top telescopic shield 208 is connected to the dust suction port of the top dust shield 201. The top telescopic shield 208 is connected to the top dust shield 201 via a hydraulic device and a return spring to achieve the telescopic function.

[0085] The front end of the side dust shield 205 is slidably connected to a telescopic shield 209. The front end of the telescopic shield 209 serves as a dust inlet, and the rear end serves as an air outlet. The air outlet of the telescopic shield 209 is connected to the dust inlet of the side dust shield 205. The telescopic shield 209 is connected to the side dust shield 205 via a first hydraulic device 218 and a first return spring 219 to achieve telescopic function.

[0086] The top telescopic shield 208 and the side telescopic shield 209 are driven by power to move forward and backward, thereby adjusting the position of the air suction port.

[0087] Example 3

[0088] like Figure 4 and 5 As shown, in order to facilitate the support construction, based on Example 2, the front end of the top telescopic shield 208 in this embodiment is connected to a top folding shield 210; the front end of the top folding shield 210 is a dust suction port, and the rear end is an air outlet; the top folding shield 210 can be folded into the operating space, and the air outlet of the top folding shield 210 is sealed and connected to the dust suction port of the top telescopic shield 208, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown in AD.

[0089] The front end of the telescopic shield 209 is connected to the folding shield 211; the front end of the folding shield 211 is a dust suction port, and the rear end is an air outlet; the folding shield 211 can be folded into the operating space, and the air outlet of the folding shield 211 is sealed and docked with the dust suction port of the telescopic shield 209. Figure 5 As shown in AD.

[0090] The purpose of being provided with top folding shield 210 and helping folding shield 211 is to be convenient to the net-laying operation. When constructing, the front end by top folding shield 210 and helping folding shield 211 sucks dust-containing air.

[0091] like Figure 5 As shown in FIG. E, the inner side of the front end of the auxiliary folding shield 211 is connected to the auxiliary telescopic shield 209 through the second hydraulic device 220 and the second return spring 221. Similarly, the bottom of the front end of the top folding shield 210 is also connected to the top telescopic shield 208 through the hydraulic device and the return spring, thereby realizing the folding and extension of the top folding shield 210 and the auxiliary folding shield 211.

[0092] Example 4

[0093] like Figure 6As shown, to better enclose the central workspace, this embodiment optionally adds a dust curtain 212 and a windshield door 213 based on Embodiments 1, 2, or 3. The dust curtain 212 is vertically positioned below the dust suction port of the top dust shield 201, the top telescopic shield 208, or the top folding shield 210. The windshield door 213 is vertically positioned behind the air outlet of the fresh air distributor 105.

[0094] The wind shield door 213 can also be connected to the fresh air distributor 105 to serve as an extended fresh air distributor.

[0095] The dust curtain 212 can prevent the dusty air generated by excavation from entering the operating space. The wind shield door 213 can block the connection between the operating space and the rear, preventing the dusty air discharged by the dust removal system from entering the operating space. The wind shield door 213 is also connected to the fresh air distributor as an extended fresh air distributor to further improve the air distribution effect, thereby forming a fresh air environment in the operating space, making it easier for staff to carry out their work.

[0096] Example 5

[0097] like Figure 7 、 Figure 8 As shown, the arc-shaped top new wind shield of this embodiment is based on the embodiment 1, and each top trending strip shield is set in an arc-shaped surface, so that this embodiment can be applied to (full-section) tunnel boring machines TBM.

[0098] Example 6

[0099] like Figure 9 、 Figure 10 As shown, any small area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device of Examples 1-5 is installed on the tunnel boring machine body 6 through the support structure 204, and can move with the tunnel boring machine body. The support structure 204 can be extended and retracted up and down to drive the small area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device up and down. At the same time, the side dust suction shield can be extended and retracted left and right.

[0100] It is also possible to directly place the small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device on the ground to protect the upper part of the tunnel boring machine.

[0101] Example 7

[0102] like Figure 11 As shown, the small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air tunnel boring machine of the present invention includes a tunnel boring machine body 6, a fresh air system 1, and a dust removal system 2. The tunnel boring machine body 6 has an operating platform, and the dust removal system 2 is disposed on the operating platform. The air outlet of the fresh air system 1 is connected to the operating platform.

[0103] With the excavation direction as the front, the outlet of fresh air system 1 is located in front of the outlet of dust removal system 2, while the dust collection port of dust removal system 2 is located in front of the outlet of fresh air system 1. The outlets of fresh air system 1 and dust removal system 2 are located at the rear end of the operating platform, while the dust collection port of dust removal system 2 is located at the front end of the operating platform. The space between the outlet of fresh air system 1 and the dust collection port of dust removal system 2 serves as the operating space, creating a fresh air environment.

[0104] like Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, in this embodiment, the dust removal system 2 includes a top dust collection shield 201, a top dust collection duct 202, a dust collector 203, and a support structure 204. The top dust collection shield comprises a plurality of top-direction strip shields spaced laterally apart. The length of the top-direction strip shields runs along the excavation direction and lies in the same horizontal plane. The top dust collection duct 202 is located at the rear end of the top-direction strip shields and is arranged perpendicular to them. The front end of the top-direction strip shields serves as a dust suction port. The rear end air outlet of the top-direction strip shields is connected to the air inlet of the top dust collection duct 202. The air outlet of the top dust collection duct 202 is connected to the air inlet of the dust collector 203. The air outlet of the dust collector 203 serves as the air outlet of the dust removal system 2. The dust collector 203 is used for both dust collection and removal.

[0105] Side dust shields 205, side dust collection ducts 206, and side dust collectors 207 are installed on both sides of the top dust shield. The side dust shields 205 consist of several longitudinally spaced side strips. The side dust shields 205 can move laterally, thereby supporting the surrounding rock mass.

[0106] The side strip shields are arranged along their length in the direction of excavation, with all side strip shields on the same side of the top dust collection shield lying in the same longitudinal plane. The air inlets of the side dust collection shields 205 and the top dust collection shield 201 lie in the same longitudinal plane. The side dust collection duct 206 is located at the rear end of the side strip shields and is arranged perpendicular to them. The front end of the side strip shields serves as a dust collection port, and the rear air outlet of the side strip shields is connected to the air inlet of the side dust collection duct 206. The air outlet of the side dust collection duct 206 is connected to the air inlet of the top dust collection duct 202. The bottom of the side dust collection duct 206 is connected to the side dust collector 207.

[0107] The dust collector 203 is fixedly connected to the top dust collection duct 202. The top dust shield 201, top dust collection duct 202, and side dust collection duct 206 are all mounted on the tunnel boring machine body 6 via a support structure 204. The support structure 204 can optionally be designed to telescope vertically or slide through the tunnel boring machine body 6 and directly land on the shield frame slide shoes 607. The dust collection port of the top dust shield 201 is located at the front end of the tunnel boring machine body 6, and the dust collector 203 is located at the rear end of the tunnel boring machine body 6. The width of the spacing between the top running strip shields can range from 100 to 1200 mm, and the height of the top dust shield 201 can range from 100 to 800 mm. The support structure 204 can be raised and lowered by a hydraulic cylinder, thereby enabling the top dust shield to be raised and lowered.

[0108] The side dust collecting air duct 206 is connected to the supporting structure 204 through a bidirectional hydraulic cylinder or a hydraulic device in conjunction with a return spring, so that the side dust collecting air duct 206 can be telescopically moved in the lateral direction to support or not support the side surrounding rock.

[0109] The fresh air system 1 includes a tunnel fresh air duct 101, a connector 102, an induced draft duct 103, a fresh air control interface 104, a fresh air adapter unit 106, and a fresh air distributor 105. The fresh air control interface 104 is internally connected to the fresh air distributor 105 via the fresh air adapter unit 106. The fresh air distributor 105 is fixedly connected to the dust removal system 2 and is located at the rear end of the roadheader body 6. Specifically, the fresh air distributor 105 is fixedly connected to the fresh air adapter unit 106, and the fresh air adapter unit 106 is fixedly connected to the top dust collection duct 202.

[0110] The alley fresh air duct 101 is fixed on the inner wall of the alley, and the air outlet end of the alley fresh air duct 101 is slidably connected to the air inlet end of the induced draft duct 103 through the joint 102. The joint 102 plays a connecting and guiding role. The induced draft duct 103 is a hard air duct with a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the alley fresh air duct 101 and a gap greater than 50mm is left. The induced draft duct 103 is inserted into the interior of the alley fresh air duct 101 and the two can slide relative to each other under the sealing of the joint 102; the air outlet end of the induced draft duct 103 is flexibly connected to the fresh air control interface 104 and is internally connected, and can be bent to a maximum angle of 20°.

[0111] The fresh air distributor 105 and dust collector 203 are both located at the rear end of the operating platform. The top dust shield 201 is located above the operating platform, and the side dust shields 205 are located on both sides of the operating platform. The operating platform, fresh air distributor 105, top dust shield 201, and side dust shields 205 form an operating space. The fresh air distributor 105 is equipped with multiple air outlets for evenly distributing air to the outside, facing the operating space. The air outlets of the fresh air distributor 105 serve as the outlets of the fresh air system 1. The fresh air distributor 105 can control the air volume and direction to ensure that the appropriate air supply to the operating space matches the dust collection air volume. The induced draft duct 103 is radially spaced apart from the roadway fresh air duct 101, allowing the required air volume to be drawn from the roadway fresh air duct 101. The fresh air distributor 105 has a built-in air volume control valve to control the fresh air volume. When in use, the air intake of the dust removal system is 1%-15% greater than the air output of the fresh air distributor.

[0112] During construction, top and side dust shields 201 and 205 draw in dust-laden air, which is then removed by dust collector 203 and discharged backwards. In dust collector 203, dust is mixed with water vapor to form a dust slurry, and the air is discharged backwards as clean air. Simultaneously, fresh air distributor 105 introduces fresh air into the operating space, creating a fresh air environment within the space. The dust collector uses a wet dust removal blower manufactured by Shandong New Sunshine Environmental Protection Equipment Co., Ltd., which removes dust in-situ and directly discharges clean air.

[0113] The operating platform, fresh air distributor, top dust suction shield and side dust suction shields of the present invention form an operating space, and the dust air at the front end of the excavation is sucked in and discharged at the rear end through the top dust suction shield and the side dust suction shields. The arrangement of the top dust suction shield and the dust suction shields on both sides can absorb dust from the top and both sides in all directions, and fresh air is replenished in front of the air outlet of the dust removal system through the fresh air distributor to form a fresh air working environment in the operating space. Therefore, the air outlet of the dust removal system does not need to be placed at a staggered distance from the air inlet to the outside of the tunnel. Instead, the dust collector is directly arranged at the rear end of the top dust suction shield and in front of the air inlet of the fresh air duct of the tunnel. The capacity and volume of the fan are greatly reduced compared with conventional designs, so that the power of the dust suction fan is reduced and the size is reduced. The present invention avoids high-power dust suction fans and long air ducts, and does not need to be placed at a staggered distance from the air inlet of the fresh air duct of the tunnel to the outside of the tunnel.

[0114] Example 8

[0115] like Figure 14 As shown, this embodiment, based on Example 7, adds a drilling and anchoring unit 5 between the top dust shield 201 and the tunnel boring machine body 6. The drilling and anchoring unit 5 includes a bottom drill 501, a top drill 503, and a side drill 504. The bottom drill 501 is installed on the operating platform, the top drill 503 is installed at the bottom of the top dust shield 201, and the side drill 504 is installed on the side dust shield 205. This allows the anchor drills on the top and side sections to be drilled and installed at any time.

[0116] Example 9

[0117] like Figure 15 As shown, based on Example 7, in this embodiment, the front ends of the top dust collection shield 201 and the side dust collection shields 205 are slidably connected to the top telescopic shield 208 and the side telescopic shield 209, respectively. The front end of the top telescopic shield 208 is a dust collection port, and the rear air outlet of the top telescopic shield 208 is connected to the air inlet of the top dust collection shield 201. The front end of the side telescopic shield 209 is an air inlet, and the rear air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the side dust collection shield 205.

[0118] The top telescopic shield 208 and the side telescopic shield 209 are respectively slidably connected to the top dust suction shield 201 and the side dust suction shield 205. Thus, this embodiment can extend the support and dust suction range as the excavation progresses, and perform support and dust suction more effectively.

[0119] Example 10

[0120] like Figure 16 As shown, based on Example 9, in this embodiment, the front end of the top telescopic shield 208 is connected to a top folding shield 210. The front end of the side telescopic shield 209 is connected to a side folding shield 211. The front end of the top folding shield 210 is a dust suction port, and the rear air outlet is sealed and connected to the front dust suction port of the top telescopic shield 208. The front end of the side folding shield 211 is a dust suction port, and the rear air outlet is sealed and connected to the front dust suction port of the side telescopic shield 209. The bottom of the front end of the top folding shield 210 is connected to the top telescopic shield 208 via a two-way hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic device in conjunction with a return spring, thereby enabling the folding function. The inner side of the front end of the side folding shield 211 is connected to the side telescopic shield 209 via a two-way hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic device in conjunction with a return spring, thereby enabling the folding function.

[0121] The top folding shield 210 and the side folding shield 211 of the present invention can both be folded into the operating space, so that the net can be laid more flexibly during construction.

[0122] Example 11

[0123] like Figure 17 As shown, based on Example 7, this embodiment features a dust curtain 212 below the dust suction port of the top dust shield 201 to isolate the operating space from dusty air ahead. A windshield door 213 is located in front of the dust collector's air outlet to separate fresh air from the air discharged by the dust collector. Windshield door 213 communicates with the interior of the fresh air distributor 105. Dust curtain 212 and windshield door 213 prevent dusty air generated during excavation from entering the operating space. Windshield door 213 also assists the fresh air distributor 105 in air distribution, improving air distribution efficiency.

[0124] Example 12

[0125] like Figure 18As shown, the tunnel boring machine body 6 comprises a frame 602. The top surface of the frame 602 serves as an operating platform, upon which are mounted a power control system 601 and a drilling platform 502. The drilling platform 502 houses the bottom drill rig 501. The underside of the frame 602 houses a hydraulic system 605, shield skids 607, and anchor posts 606. The hydraulic system 605 is a hydraulic station that provides power to all hydraulic devices on the tunnel boring machine. The power control system 601 controls the hydraulic system 605 to provide power to these devices. The shield skids 607 extend through the frame 602 and connect to the support structure 204. A crawler-type self-propelled mechanism 604 is connected to the front end of the frame 602, enabling autonomous movement of the tunnel boring machine body.

[0126] The excavator also includes a scraper unit 4, which includes a shovel blade 401, a slag collection device 402, and a scraper conveyor 403. The scraper conveyor 403 is arranged along the excavation direction and located below the tunnel boring machine body 6. The scraper conveyor 403 is movably connected to the tunnel boring machine body 6 via a mutual lifting mechanism 603. The shovel blade 401 is connected to the front end of the scraper conveyor 403, and the slag collection device 402 is mounted on the shovel blade 401.

[0127] The front end of the scraper conveyor 403 is connected to the cutting unit 3, which includes a cutting slide 303, a cutting arm 302, and a cutting head 301. The cutting slide 303 is connected to the front end of the scraper conveyor 403, and the cutting head 301 is movably connected to the cutting slide 303 through the cutting arm 302. The shovel 401 is located behind the cutting head 301.

[0128] Example 13

[0129] like Figure 19 As shown, this embodiment is based on the embodiment 7, and each top running strip shield is set in an arc surface, so that the full section support of the arc top plate can be carried out.

[0130] Example 14

[0131] like Figure 20 As shown, based on Example 12, in order to improve the excavation efficiency and promptly transport the cut debris away, the front end of the scraper conveyor 403 is connected to a bottom sweeping head 404, which is located below the cutting head 301. The bottom sweeping head 404 can collect the debris at the bottom into the shovel plate 401 at any time and send it to the scraper conveyor 403 for transportation through the transmission system.

[0132] like Figure 21 As shown, the present invention also provides a dust removal and fresh air excavation construction method, comprising:

[0133] Step 1: Cutting preparation: The cutting arm 302 is fully retracted, and the top dust shield 201 and the side dust shield 205 are retracted. The top dust shield 201 and the side dust shield 205 are retracted toward the inside of the tunnel boring machine, leaving them 50-100 mm away from the surrounding rock.

[0134] Step 2: Fixing the TBM body: Using anchor posts 606 to position the TBM body in situ, anchor the TBM body to the base plate;

[0135] Step 3: Excavation orientation: The scraper conveyor 403 is lifted by the mutual lifting mechanism 603, and the shield sliding shoe 607 supports the ground, and the system is positioned and oriented;

[0136] Step 4: Cutting positioning: lift the cutting arm so that the cutting head 301 is close to the top, and the cutting slide 303 gradually moves forward;

[0137] Step 5: Cutting and advancing: The cutting head breaks the rock, while the bottom sweeping head 404 works, pushing the scraper conveyor and cutting part forward;

[0138] Step 6: Determine the advancement progress: If the surrounding rock conditions allow advancing one row of anchor bolts at a time, then after the advancement reaches one row of anchor bolts, proceed with connecting the mesh, laying the mesh, and temporarily fixing the mesh; otherwise, cut and advance while laying the mesh until one row of anchor bolts is reached;

[0139] Step 7: Move the shield forward: Fix the scraper conveyor 403, retract the anchor column 606 and the shield frame sliding shoe 607, and use the mutual lifting mechanism 603 to reversely lift the tunnel boring machine body 6, so that the tunnel boring machine body 6 moves forward until the top dust shield and the side dust shield 205 reach below the roof support area;

[0140] Step 8: Fix the anchoring net and construct anchor rods: After the support structure 204 is raised, the top dust suction shield 201 and the side dust suction shield 205 support the net to be close to the surrounding rock, and anchor rods or anchor cables are driven into the gaps between the two top strip shields and the gaps between the two side strip shields to fix the net;

[0141] Step 9: Return to step 1 for the next excavation cycle;

[0142] During the entire construction process, the fresh air system 1 and the dust removal system 2 are in the open state, and the negative pressure suction volume of the dust removal system is 1%-10% larger than the air output volume of the fresh air distributor.

[0143] The above content is only for explaining the technical idea of ​​the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A small area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a fresh air system (1) and a dust removal system (2); the fresh air system (1) comprises a fresh air distributor (105); the dust removal system (2) comprises a dust collector (203), a top dust collection shield (201), and side dust collection shields (205) located on both sides of the top dust collection shield (201); the fresh air distributor (105), the top dust collection shield (201), and the side dust collection shields (205) form an operating space; One end of the top dust suction shield (201) and the side dust suction shield (205) are both dust suction ports, and the other end air outlets of the top dust suction shield (201) and the side dust suction shield (205) are both connected to the air inlet of the dust collector (203); the fresh air air distributor (105) is provided with a plurality of air outlets, and the air outlets face the operating space; the dust suction port of the top dust suction shield (201) is the front, and the air outlet of the top dust suction shield (201) is the rear, and the front is the same as the excavation direction, the air outlet of the fresh air distributor (105) is located in front of the air outlet of the dust collector (203), and the dust suction ports of the top dust suction shield (201) and the side dust suction shield (205) are located in front of the air outlet of the fresh air distributor (105); The dust removal system (2) includes a top dust collection air duct (202); the top dust collection shield (201) includes a plurality of top trending strip shields arranged at intervals in the transverse direction, the length direction of the top trending strip shields being arranged along the excavation direction, the front end of the top trending strip shields being a dust suction port, the rear end air outlet of the top trending strip shields being connected to the air inlet of the top dust collection air duct (202), the air outlet of the top dust collection air duct (202) being connected to the air inlet of the dust collector (203), and during construction, an anchor rod can be driven into the gap between two adjacent top trending strip shields; The dust removal system (2) includes a side dust collection air duct (206), and the side dust collection shield (205) includes a plurality of side-direction strip shields arranged at intervals in the vertical direction; the length direction of the side-direction strip shields is arranged along the excavation direction, the front end of the side-direction strip shields is a dust collection port, the rear end air outlet of the side-direction strip shields is connected to the air inlet of the side dust collection air duct (206), and the air outlet of the side dust collection air duct (206) is connected to the air inlet of the top dust collection air duct (202). During construction, anchor rods can be driven into the gaps between the adjacent side-direction strip shields.

2. The small area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fresh air system (1) also includes a laneway fresh air duct (101), a connector (102) and an induced draft duct (103); The air outlet end of the lane fresh air duct (101) is slidably connected to the air inlet end of the induced air duct (103) via a joint (102), and the air outlet end of the induced air duct (103) is connected to the air inlet of the fresh air distributor (105); the induced air duct (103) and the lane fresh air duct (101) are arranged with a gap in the radial direction.

3. The small area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The front end of the top dust suction shield (201) is slidably connected to the top telescopic shield (208); the front end of the top telescopic shield (208) is a dust suction port, and the air outlet at the rear end of the top telescopic shield (208) is connected to the dust suction port of the top dust suction shield (201); the front end of the side dust suction shield (205) is slidably connected to the side telescopic shield (209), the front end of the side telescopic shield (209) is a dust suction port, and the rear end is an air outlet; the air outlet of the side telescopic shield (209) is connected to the dust suction port of the side dust suction shield (205).

4. The small area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The front end of the top telescopic shield (208) is connected to the top folding shield (210); the front end of the top folding shield (210) is a dust suction port, and the rear end is an air outlet; the top folding shield (210) can be folded into the operating space, and the air outlet of the top folding shield (210) is sealed and connected to the dust suction port of the top telescopic shield (208); The front end of the auxiliary telescopic shield (209) is connected to the auxiliary folding shield (211); the front end of the auxiliary folding shield (211) is a dust suction port, and the rear end is an air outlet; the auxiliary folding shield (211) can be folded into the operating space, and the air outlet of the auxiliary folding shield (211) is sealed and connected to the dust suction port of the auxiliary telescopic shield (209).

5. The small area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a support structure (204); the top dust suction shield (201), the side dust suction shield (205), the dust collector (203) and the fresh air distributor (105) are all supported and fixed by the support structure (204).

6. The small area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a dust curtain (212) and a windshield door (213) for isolating fresh air from dusty air; the dust curtain (212) is vertically arranged between the dust suction port of the top dust shield (201) and the air outlet of the fresh air distributor (105), and the windshield door (213) is vertically arranged between the air outlet of the fresh air distributor (105) and the air outlet of the dust collector (203).

7. A small area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air tunnel boring machine, characterized in that: It comprises a tunnel boring machine body (6) and a small area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air device according to any one of claims 1 to 6; the tunnel boring machine body (6) has an operating platform; the dust removal system (2) and the fresh air distributor (105) are connected to the operating platform; The fresh air distributor (105) and the dust collector (203) are both located at the rear end of the operating platform, the top dust shield (201) is located above the operating platform, and the side dust shields (205) are located on both sides of the operating platform. The operating platform, the fresh air distributor (105), the top dust shield (201) and the side dust shields (205) form an operating space.

8. The small area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air tunnel boring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: A power control system (601) is provided on the operating platform of the tunnel boring machine body (6), and a hydraulic system (605) is provided at the bottom of the tunnel boring machine body (6).

9. The small area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air tunnel boring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a bottom drill (501) and a top drill (503); the bottom drill (501) is arranged on the operating platform, and the top drill (503) is arranged on the top dust suction shield or between the top dust suction shield and the operating platform.

10. The small area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air tunnel boring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a scraper conveyor (403), the front end of which is connected to a cutting portion (3); the length direction of the scraper conveyor (403) is arranged along the excavation direction and is located below the excavator body (6); the scraper conveyor (403) is movably connected to the excavator body (6) via a mutual lifting mechanism (603).

11. The small area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air tunnel boring machine according to claim 10, characterized in that: The cutting section (3) comprises a cutting head (301), and the front end of the scraper conveyor (403) is connected to a bottom sweeping head (404), which is located below the cutting head (301).

12. A construction method for a small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air tunnel boring machine, characterized in that: The small-area composite ventilation and dust removal fresh air tunnel boring machine according to claim 10 or 11 comprises: Step 1: The top dust suction shield (201) and the side dust suction shield (205) leave the surrounding rock and fix the tunnel boring machine body (6); Step 2: lifting the scraper conveyor (403) by means of the mutual lifting mechanism (603), so that the scraper conveyor (403) moves forward, while the cutting part starts to dig in; Step 3: After the excavation is in place, lay the mesh and temporarily fix the mesh; Step 4: The scraper conveyor (403) is fixed, and the mutual lifting mechanism (603) moves in reverse to lift the tunnel boring machine body (6), so that the tunnel boring machine body (6) moves forward until the top dust suction shield (201) and the side dust suction shield (205) reach below the roof support area; Step 5: Lift the top dust collecting shield and drive the side dust collecting shield (205) so that the mesh is spread to the roof support area, and drive anchor rods or anchor cables into the gaps between the two top strip shields and the two side strip shields to fix the mesh; Step 6: Then return to step 1 and proceed to the next excavation cycle; During the entire construction process, the fresh air system (1) and the dust removal system (2) are in the open state, and the negative pressure air suction volume of the dust removal system (2) is 1%-10% greater than the air discharge volume of the fresh air distributor (105).

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