Rock breaking equipment and rock breaking method for breaking soft rock by utilizing gas expansion

Abstract

The present invention discloses a rock breaking equipment and a rock breaking method for crushing soft rock by gas expansion, including a hull, a gas generating device and a soft rock crushing machine, wherein the gas generating device is arranged below the bow deck, the gas generating device is connected to the soft rock crushing machine through a gas transmission channel, the gas transmission channel is installed on a bridge, the soft rock crushing machine is arranged at the lower end of the bridge, and the bridge is used to drive the soft rock crushing machine to move; the soft rock crushing machine includes a linkage system, a rock mass crushing system and a gas expansion system, one side of the linkage system is rotatably connected to the bridge, a slewing mechanism that can move up and down is arranged in the linkage system, the slewing mechanism is connected to the rock mass crushing system, and the gas expansion system is connected to the rock mass crushing system. The present invention is beneficial to the underwater soft rock bottom bed dredging construction, and utilizes the impact force generated by the change of gas phase to promote the expansion of rock cracks to break the rock, and has good applicability to the environmental protection requirements of dredging construction, and provides a new idea for dredging of soft rock beds.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soft rock excavation construction in dredging engineering, and in particular to rock breaking equipment and a rock breaking method for breaking soft rock by utilizing gas expansion. Background Art

[0002] In the field of large-scale dredging projects, there are relatively mature technologies for dredging silt and sandy bottoms. However, for soft rock bottoms such as shale and mudstone, the dredging technology is still not perfect. Usually, underwater blasting is used to break the rocks first, and then professional ships are used for dredging. However, with the continuous strengthening of environmental awareness at home and abroad, the application scope of underwater blasting technology is constantly shrinking, and the dredging technology for rocky bottoms is in urgent need of innovation.

[0003] Rock is a mixed material containing multiple microscopic defects such as cracks and fissures, and its destruction process includes elastic and plastic stages. Under the action of external forces, rocks will deform. According to the principle of conservation of energy, the work done by the external force will be converted into a kind of energy and stored inside the rock. This energy is called strain energy, and the strain energy per unit volume is called strain energy density. According to the fourth strength theory, when the strain energy density in the rock is greater than the critical value, its internal cracks and fissures will undergo irreversible evolution, reducing the strength of the rock. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a rock breaking equipment and a rock breaking method for crushing soft rocks by gas expansion. The equipment is based on a conventional environmentally friendly suction dredger as a model. The soft rock crushing machine is driven to move by the movement of the bridge frame, so that the soft rock crushing machine can vertically pressurize the rock mass, and combined with the rotation function of the soft rock crushing machine itself, the underwater rock and soil can be opened. After the hole is opened, the equipment transports the expansive gas to the soft rock crushing machine through the gas generating device, and injects the gas into the rock mass through the machine. During the process of gas injection into the rock and soil, the phase state changes, generating impact energy, promoting the expansion of cracks inside the rock, and causing the rock mass strength to decrease. The equipment is suitable for underwater crushing of soft rock beds such as shale and mudstone.

[0005] The present invention is implemented as follows: a rock breaking equipment for breaking soft rock by gas expansion, comprising a hull, a gas generating device and a soft rock breaking machine, the hull comprising steel piles and a bridge, the steel piles being used to realize the positioning of the hull, the gas generating device being arranged under the bow deck, the gas generating device being connected to the soft rock breaking machine through a gas transmission channel, the gas transmission channel being installed on the bridge, the soft rock breaking machine being arranged at the lower end of the bridge, and the bridge being used to drive the soft rock breaking machine to move;

[0006] The soft rock fracturing machine includes a linkage system, a rock fracturing system and a gas expansion system. One side of the linkage system is rotatably connected to the bridge frame. A rotary mechanism that can move up and down is arranged in the linkage system. The rotary mechanism is connected to the rock fracturing system and is used to drive the rock fracturing system to perform impact rotary drilling movement. The gas expansion system is connected to the rock fracturing system and is used to transport expansion gas to the rock fracturing system.

[0007] Preferably, the rock fracturing system includes a drill rod, a drill bit, and a pressure transmission block. The top end of the drill rod is sealed and the drill rod is connected to a rotary mechanism. The rotary mechanism drives the drill rod to rotate. The bottom of the drill rod is threadedly connected to the drill bit. High-pressure gas passages are provided inside the drill rod and the drill bit. A bursting piece and an air vent with temperature control and pressure maintenance functions are provided at the bottom end of the drill bit. The pressure transmission block is connected to the drill rod, and the top of the pressure transmission block is in contact with the rotary mechanism.

[0008] Further preferably, the drill rod comprises an upper drill rod and a lower drill rod, the upper drill rod and the lower drill rod are connected by threads, and a sealing device is provided at the connection.

[0009] Preferably, the gas expansion system includes a high-pressure gas generating device and a heat source conveying device, the high-pressure gas generating device is connected to the upper part of the linkage system, the high-pressure gas generating device is connected to the upper part of the drill rod of the rock fracturing system, and the inside of the high-pressure gas generating device can make the drill rod rotate with it, the high-pressure gas generating device is provided with a gas distribution hole, and the gas distribution hole is connected to the gas conveying channel, which is used to convey the gas in the gas generating device to the high-pressure gas channel of the rock fracturing system; the heat source conveying device is placed in the pressure transmission block of the rock fracturing system, and the heat source conveying device is provided with a spring-cage mechanism which can eject it into the high-pressure gas channel to seal the high-pressure gas channel, and the heat source conveying device can be clamped in the card slot of the high-pressure gas channel, so that the high-pressure gas channel located above is a stabilization chamber, and the high-pressure gas channel located below is a launch chamber.

[0010] Preferably, the slewing mechanism is connected to the lower part of the linkage system via a key, and a slideway is provided inside the linkage system for the slewing mechanism to move up and down.

[0011] Preferably, the gas generating device is connected to the gas delivery channel through an internal pipeline of the cabin below the deck, and delivers gaseous expansive gas to the soft rock breaking machine through the gas delivery channel arranged in the bridge part.

[0012] A rock breaking method for breaking soft rock by gas expansion comprises the following steps:

[0013] a. Move the equipment to the designated construction area and lower steel piles to position the hull;

[0014] b. Move the bridge to make the drill bit at the lower end of the soft rock breaking machine contact the rock mass, and drive the linkage system through the marine motor to make the rotary mechanism rotate and move downward, driving the drill bit to perform impact rotary drilling;

[0015] c. After drilling is completed, the drill bit is kept inside the rock mass, and the gas generating device transports the expansion gas to the high-pressure gas generating device, and then transports it to the launch chamber after pressurization;

[0016] d. The gas changes from gas to liquid in the launch chamber. When the liquid air fills the launch chamber, the gas delivery is stopped and the heat source delivery device is charged by electric drive;

[0017] e. After the charging is completed, the heat source conveying device is ejected through the ejection mechanism, so that the heat source conveying device is connected to the top of the launch chamber. The gas in the launch chamber is instantly converted from liquid to gas, destroying the bursting pieces and injecting them into the rock body through the vent hole, breaking the rock by the impact force brought by the gas expansion;

[0018] f. Lift the drill bit and move the bridge.

[0019] The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The present invention can reduce the strength of rock mass, which is beneficial to the dredging construction of underwater shale, mudstone and other soft rock beds. It uses the impact force generated by the change of gas phase to promote the expansion of rock cracks to break the rock. It has good applicability to the environmental protection requirements of dredging construction and provides a new idea for dredging soft rock beds.

[0021] 2. In view of the fact that there are randomly distributed joints and fissures in rocks and based on the fact that the phase state of gas changes due to environmental changes, the present invention proposes a new equipment suitable for underwater soft rock environmental dredging. The equipment can inject expansive gas into the rock mass, and use the impact force brought by the gas expansion to promote the expansion of rock cracks, causing the rock mass strength to decrease. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of rock breaking equipment for breaking soft rock by utilizing gas expansion provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a soft rock breaking machine provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] In the figure: 1. hull; 2. gas generating device; 3. soft rock breaking machine; 4. bridge; 5. steel pile; 3-1. high pressure gas generating device; 3-2. stabilization chamber; 3-3. upper drill pipe; 3-4. rotary mechanism; 3-5. pressure transmission block; 3-6. heat source conveying device; 3-7. sealing device; 3-8. lower drill pipe; 3-9. launching chamber; 3-10. expansion gas; 3-11. linkage system; 3-12. drill bit; 3-13. sea water; 3-14. rock mass. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside” and “outside” are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] Example

[0029] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2This embodiment provides a rock breaking equipment for crushing soft rock by gas expansion, including a hull 1, a gas generating device 2 and a soft rock crushing machine 3. The hull 1 is similar to a conventional environmentally friendly dredger. The hull 1 includes steel piles 5 and a bridge 4. The steel piles 5 are used to realize the positioning of the hull 1. The gas generating device 2 is arranged below the bow deck. The gas generating device 2 is connected to the soft rock crushing machine 3 through a gas delivery channel. The gas delivery channel is installed on the bridge 4. Specifically, the gas generating device 2 is connected to the gas delivery channel through the internal pipeline of the cabin below the deck, and the gaseous expansion gas is delivered to the soft rock crushing machine 3 through the gas delivery channel provided in the bridge 4. The soft rock crushing machine 3 is arranged at the lower end of the bridge 4, and the bridge 4 is used to drive the soft rock crushing machine 3 to move.

[0030] The soft rock breaking machine 3 includes a linkage system 3-11, a rock breaking system and a gas expansion system. One side of the linkage system 3-11 is rotatably connected to the bridge 4. A slewing mechanism 3-4 that can move up and down is provided in the linkage system 3-11. Specifically, the slewing mechanism 3-4 is connected to the lower part of the linkage system 3-11 by a key, and a slideway for the slewing mechanism 3-4 to move up and down is provided inside the linkage system 3-11. The slewing mechanism 3-4 is connected to the rock breaking system to drive the rock breaking system to perform impact rotary drilling. The gas expansion system is connected to the rock breaking system to deliver expansive gas to the rock breaking system. On the basis of realizing the connection between the bridge 4 and the soft rock breaking machine 3, the linkage system 3-11 has a vertical displacement function and can drive the soft rock breaking machine 3 to perform vertical pressurization.

[0031] The rock mass fracturing system includes a drill pipe, a drill bit 3-12, and a pressure transmission block 3-5. The top of the drill pipe is sealed, the drill pipe is connected to a rotary mechanism 3-4, the rotary mechanism 3-4 drives the drill pipe to rotate, the bottom of the drill pipe is threadedly connected to the drill bit 3-12, the drill pipe and the drill bit 3-12 are provided with high-pressure gas channels, the bottom of the drill bit 3-12 is provided with a bursting piece and a venting hole with a temperature control and pressure maintenance function, the pressure transmission block 3-5 is connected to the drill pipe, the top of the pressure transmission block 3-5 is in contact with the rotary mechanism 3-4, and the drill pipe is vertically pressurized by the pressure transmission block 3-5. The drill pipe includes an upper drill pipe 3-3 and a lower drill pipe 3-8, the upper drill pipe 3-3 and the lower drill pipe 3-8 are threadedly connected, and a sealing device 3-7 is provided at the connection.

[0032] The gas expansion system includes a high-pressure gas generating device 3-1 and a heat source conveying device 3-6. The high-pressure gas generating device 3-1 is connected to the upper part of the linkage system 3-11, and the high-pressure gas generating device 3-1 is connected to the upper part of the drill pipe, and the drill pipe can be rotated inside the high-pressure gas generating device 3-1. The high-pressure gas generating device 3-1 is provided with a gas distribution hole, and the gas distribution hole is connected to the gas conveying channel, which is used to convey the gas in the gas generating device 2 to the high-pressure gas channel; the heat source conveying device 3-6 is placed in the pressure transmission block 3-5, and the heat source conveying device 3-6 is provided with a spring-cage mechanism that can be ejected into the high-pressure gas channel to block the high-pressure gas channel. The heat source conveying device 3-6 can be clamped in the card slot of the high-pressure gas channel, so that the high-pressure gas channel located above is the stabilization chamber 3-2, and the high-pressure gas channel located below is the launch chamber 3-9.

[0033] After the equipment arrives at the construction area, the steel pile 5 is lowered for ship positioning, and the bridge frame 4 moves to drive the soft rock breaking machine 3 to move, so that the drill bit 3-12 at the lower end of the soft rock breaking machine 3 contacts the rock mass 3-14. The ship motor drives the linkage system 3-11 to work, so that the slewing mechanism 3-4 rotates and moves downward, and the slewing mechanism 3-4 contacts the pressure transmission block 3-5. By applying vertical pressure to the pressure transmission block 3-5, the pressure transmission block 3-5 transmits the pressure to the contact surface between the drill bit 3-12 and the rock mass, driving the drill bit 3-12 to rotate, thereby realizing impact rotary drilling. After drilling is completed, the drill bit 3-12 is kept placed inside the rock mass, and the gas generating device 2 transports the expansion gas 3-10 to the high-pressure gas generating device 3-1. The high-pressure gas generating device 3-1 transports the high-pressure gas under a certain pressure state to the launching chamber 3-9 through the stabilizing chamber 3-2. The launching chamber 3-9 has the function of temperature control and pressure maintenance. The indoor temperature is lower than that of the stabilizing chamber 3-2. After the gas enters the launching chamber 3-9, it changes from gas to liquid due to the temperature change. After the liquid air fills the launching chamber 3-9, the gas supply is stopped. The heat source conveying device 3-6 is charged by electric drive. After the charging is completed, it is ejected by the ejection mechanism. The heat source conveying device 3-6 performs vertical free fall movement in the drill pipe under the action of pressure and its own gravity, and uses kinetic energy to connect itself with the launch chamber 3-9 through the card slot. The liquid gas in the launch chamber 3-9 is instantly converted from liquid to gas under the influence of the heat source, destroying the bursting pieces and injecting them into the rock mass through the vent hole. The impact force brought by the gas expansion is used to promote the expansion of rock cracks, causing the rock mass strength to decrease.

[0034] A rock breaking method for breaking soft rock by gas expansion comprises the following steps:

[0035] a. Move the equipment to the designated construction area and lower the steel piles 5 to position the hull 1;

[0036] b. The mobile bridge 4 makes the drill bit 3-12 at the lower end of the soft rock breaking tool 3 contact the rock mass 3-14, and the marine motor drives the linkage system 3-11 to work, so that the rotary mechanism 3-4 rotates and moves downward, driving the drill bit 3-12 to perform impact rotary drilling;

[0037] c. After drilling is completed, keep the drill bit 3-12 placed inside the rock mass, the gas generating device 2 delivers the expandable gas 3-10 to the high-pressure gas generating device 3-1, and then delivers it to the launch chamber 3-9 after pressurization;

[0038] d. The gas is transformed from gas to liquid in the launch chamber 3-9. After the liquid air fills the launch chamber 3-9, the gas delivery is stopped and the heat source delivery device 3-6 is charged by electric drive;

[0039] e. After the charging is completed, the heat source conveying device 3-6 is ejected through the ejection mechanism, so that the heat source conveying device 3-6 is connected to the top of the launch chamber 3-9, and the gas in the launch chamber 3-9 is instantly converted from liquid to gas, destroying the bursting piece and injecting it into the rock body through the vent hole, using the impact force brought by the gas expansion to break the rock;

[0040] f. Lift the drill bit 3-12 and move the bridge 4.

[0041] The present invention has the characteristics of utilizing the impact force brought by gas expansion to promote the expansion of rock cracks and cause the reduction of rock mass strength. It has good applicability to the environmental protection requirements of dredging construction and provides a new idea for dredging of soft rock beds.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents, and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rock breaking device for breaking soft rock by gas expansion, characterized in that: It includes a hull, a gas generating device and a soft rock breaking machine, the hull includes steel piles and a bridge, the steel piles are used to realize the positioning of the hull, the gas generating device is arranged under the bow deck, the gas generating device is connected to the soft rock breaking machine through a gas transmission channel, the gas transmission channel is installed on the bridge, the soft rock breaking machine is arranged at the lower end of the bridge, and the bridge is used to drive the soft rock breaking machine to move; The soft rock breaking machine comprises a linkage system, a rock breaking system and a gas expansion system. One side of the linkage system is rotatably connected to the bridge frame. A slewing mechanism capable of moving up and down is arranged in the linkage system. The slewing mechanism is connected to the lower part of the linkage system by a key, and a slideway for the slewing mechanism to move up and down is arranged inside the linkage system. The slewing mechanism is connected to the rock breaking system and is used to drive the rock breaking system to perform impact slewing drilling movement. The gas expansion system is connected to the rock breaking system and is used to deliver expansion gas to the rock breaking system. The gas expansion system includes a high-pressure gas generating device and a heat source conveying device, the high-pressure gas generating device is connected to the upper part of the linkage system, the high-pressure gas generating device is connected to the upper part of the drill rod of the rock fracturing system, and the inside of the high-pressure gas generating device can make the drill rod rotate with it, the high-pressure gas generating device is provided with a gas distribution hole, the gas distribution hole is connected to the gas conveying channel, and is used to convey the gas in the gas generating device to the high-pressure gas channel of the rock fracturing system; the heat source conveying device is placed in the pressure transmission block of the rock fracturing system, and the heat source conveying device is provided with a spring-cage mechanism that can be ejected into the high-pressure gas channel to block the high-pressure gas channel, and the heat source conveying device can be clamped in the card slot of the high-pressure gas channel, so that the high-pressure gas channel located above is a stabilization chamber, and the high-pressure gas channel located below is a launch chamber.

2. The rock breaking equipment for breaking soft rock by utilizing gas expansion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rock fracturing system includes a drill rod, a drill bit, and a pressure transmission block. The top of the drill rod is sealed, and the drill rod is connected to a rotary mechanism. The rotary mechanism drives the drill rod to rotate. The bottom of the drill rod is threadedly connected to the drill bit. High-pressure gas channels are arranged inside the drill rod and the drill bit. A bursting piece and an air vent with temperature control and pressure maintenance functions are arranged at the bottom end of the drill bit. The pressure transmission block is connected to the drill rod, and the top of the pressure transmission block is in contact with the rotary mechanism.

3. The rock breaking equipment for breaking soft rock by utilizing gas expansion according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drill rod comprises an upper drill rod and a lower drill rod, the upper drill rod and the lower drill rod are connected by threads, and a sealing device is arranged at the connection.

4. The rock breaking equipment for breaking soft rock by utilizing gas expansion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas generating device is connected with the gas delivery channel through the internal pipeline of the cabin below the deck, and delivers gaseous expansive gas to the soft rock breaking machine through the gas delivery channel arranged in the bridge part.

5. A rock breaking method for breaking soft rock by gas expansion, characterized in that: The rock breaking method is based on the rock breaking equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and comprises the following steps: a. Move the equipment to the designated construction area and lower steel piles to position the hull; b. Move the bridge to make the drill bit at the lower end of the soft rock breaking tool contact the rock mass, and drive the linkage system through the marine motor to make the rotary mechanism rotate and move downward, driving the drill bit to perform impact rotary drilling; c. After drilling is completed, the drill bit is kept inside the rock mass, and the gas generating device transports the expansion gas to the high-pressure gas generating device, and then transports it to the launch chamber after pressurization; d. The gas changes from gas to liquid in the launch chamber. When the liquid air fills the launch chamber, the gas delivery is stopped and the heat source delivery device is charged by electric drive; e. After the charging is completed, the heat source delivery device is ejected through the ejection mechanism, so that the heat source delivery device is connected to the top of the launch chamber. The gas in the launch chamber is instantly converted from liquid to gas, destroying the bursting piece and injecting it into the rock through the vent hole, breaking the rock by the impact force brought by the gas expansion; f. Lift the drill bit and move the bridge.

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