A stripline broadband two-dimensional sum and difference network and a multifunction sum and difference network

Abstract

The application discloses a stripline broadband two-dimensional hybrid network and a multifunctional hybrid network, the two-dimensional hybrid network comprising, from top to bottom, an upper dielectric plate, an upper half-cured sheet, an intermediate dielectric plate, a lower half-cured sheet and a lower dielectric plate, and further comprising metallized through holes penetrating through the whole two-dimensional hybrid network, characterized in that the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate is covered by an upper anti-interference layer, the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate is covered by a lower anti-interference layer, and the metallized through holes penetrate through the upper anti-interference layer and the lower anti-interference layer; the upper and lower surfaces of the intermediate dielectric plate are both provided with a conducting band, the conducting band and the edge overlapping part of the intermediate dielectric plate form a port, the conducting band parts overlap, and the overlapping area forms four constant offset couplers, and the four constant offset couplers are cascaded to form the stripline broadband two-dimensional hybrid network. The application provides a stripline broadband two-dimensional hybrid network and a multifunctional hybrid network with high integration, wide bandwidth and easy integration with an antenna and a radio frequency circuit.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of millimeter wave, and particularly relates to a wideband strip-line two-dimensional and difference network and a multifunctional and difference network. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a key component of a millimeter wave monopulse radar system, the performance of the and difference network directly affects important indicators such as tracking accuracy and tracking distance of the radar. The two-dimensional and difference network, also known as a two-dimensional comparator or a two-dimensional and difference, can simultaneously synthesize four signals corresponding to four quadrants in space and simultaneously output sum, azimuth difference and elevation difference signals. At present, commonly used and difference networks include a waveguide and difference network, a microstrip line and difference network and a strip-line and difference network.

[0003] The waveguide and difference network is usually used in a brick-type structure monopulse radar system with low integration and packaging efficiency and low space size requirement. Generally, the volume of the waveguide and difference network is large, which is not conducive to the miniaturization and light weight of the radar system. The microstrip line and difference network has the advantages of small volume and light weight, and can be used in a tile-type structure monopulse radar system with high integration. Generally, a separate microstrip line shielding cavity needs to be designed to realize electromagnetic shielding, which brings certain limitations to system integration.

[0004] The solid-state monopulse phased array antenna has a development trend of multi-mode combination, ultra-wideband and high integration. In addition to higher requirements for the planarization, miniaturization and wideband characteristics of the and difference network, the simple two-dimensional and difference network also cannot meet the demand of the multifunctional operation of the phased array antenna, for example, while realizing the full-array and difference beam of the phased array antenna, in order to realize multi-beam or improve the anti-interference ability, the phased array antenna is required to realize the sub-array and difference beam. Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop a multifunctional and difference network to meet the application demand. SUMMARY

[0005] The application aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a strip-line wideband two-dimensional and difference network and a multifunctional and difference network with high integration, wideband and easy integration design with antenna and radio frequency circuit.

[0006] The application achieves the above-mentioned purpose by the following technical scheme.

[0007] A strip-line wideband two-dimensional and difference network, the two-dimensional and difference network comprising, from top to bottom, an upper dielectric plate, an upper half-cured sheet, an intermediate dielectric plate, a lower half-cured sheet and a lower dielectric plate, the two-dimensional and difference network further comprising a metallized through hole penetrating through the entire two-dimensional and difference network.

[0008] The upper surface of the upper dielectric plate is covered by an upper anti-interference layer, the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate is covered by a lower anti-interference layer, and the metallized through hole penetrates through the upper anti-interference layer and the lower anti-interference layer.

[0009] The upper and lower surfaces of the intermediate dielectric plate are provided with conductive strips, and the conductive strips and the edge overlapping part of the intermediate dielectric plate form a port, the conductive strips partially overlap, and the overlapping area forms four constant offset couplers, and the four constant offset couplers are cascaded to form a stripline broadband two-dimensional sum-difference network.

[0010] Further, the upper anti-interference layer and the lower anti-interference layer comprise copper sheets.

[0011] Further, the upper conductive strip and the lower conductive strip of the intermediate dielectric plate are mirror-symmetric respectively, and the upper conductive strip and the lower conductive strip are mirror-symmetric.

[0012] Further, the offset coupler comprises a first coupling branch, a coupling cross branch and a second coupling branch, the first coupling branch and the second coupling branch form a two-stage coupling line, and the offset coupler adopts two-stage coupling line cascading.

[0013] Further, the offset coupler achieves orthogonal coupling by adjusting the length and width of the first coupling branch, the coupling cross branch and the second coupling branch.

[0014] Further, the metalized through holes are uniformly distributed at a certain distance around the upper conductive strip and the lower conductive strip, and serve as shielding holes of the stripline two-dimensional sum-difference network.

[0015] Further, the metalized through holes have a spacing of λ / 10~λ / 8.

[0016] In another aspect, the present application also provides a multi-functional sum-difference network, which comprises a first dielectric plate, a first prepreg, a second dielectric plate, a second prepreg, a third dielectric plate, a third prepreg, a fourth dielectric plate, a fourth prepreg and a fifth dielectric plate, the multi-functional sum-difference network is internally provided with a plurality of the stripline broadband two-dimensional sum-difference networks and a plurality of radio frequency switches, and the radio frequency switches are used to realize transceiving radio frequency signal subarray switching and common end transceiving radio frequency signal separation.

[0017] Further, the upper surface of the first dielectric plate is covered with a floor layer, the radio frequency switches are bonded or welded on the floor layer, and the upper surface of the first dielectric plate has a plurality of ports without the floor layer;

[0018] The upper surface of the second dielectric plate is provided with a conductive strip;

[0019] The upper surface of the third dielectric plate is provided with a floor layer and a plurality of dielectric slots;

[0020] The upper and lower surfaces of the fourth dielectric plate are provided with conductive strips;

[0021] The lower surface of the fifth dielectric plate is provided with a floor layer, and the positions of the lower surface of the fifth dielectric plate without the floor layer are provided with a plurality of ports.

[0022] Further, the first prepreg, the second prepreg, the third prepreg and the fourth prepreg are respectively located between the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate, the third dielectric plate, the fourth dielectric plate and the fifth dielectric plate, and each layer of dielectric plate is fixed together by high-temperature pressing.

[0023] The present application has the advantages of:

[0024] (1) The present application adopts a stripline two-dimensional sum-difference network, which is compact in structure, high in integration, easy to integrate with an antenna and a radio frequency circuit, can effectively control the profile height, weight and volume of the entire circuit, and is convenient for miniaturization design.

[0025] (2) The present application adopts a stripline two-dimensional sum-difference network, adopts a multi-layer PCB processing technology, and does not need additional assembly process, which is more conducive to batch production.

[0026] (3) The present application adopts a stripline two-dimensional sum-difference network, and designs a metalized via hole around the metal conductor strip as a shielding hole, which has good electromagnetic shielding characteristics, can effectively suppress interlayer crosstalk, and does not need to design a separate shielding cavity to realize electromagnetic shielding.

[0027] (4) The present application utilizes the metal conductor strip in the four constant offset couplers composed of the two layers of the middle dielectric plate to form a stripline two-dimensional sum-difference network, the offset coupler does not exist gradually, the overlapping coupling area is wider, the size is more compact, and the influence of the metal conductor strip offset tolerance of the middle dielectric plate is smaller.

[0028] (5) The multifunctional sum-difference network of the present application realizes the same transmitting and receiving functions in each subarray and the full array through the built-in several broadband two-dimensional sum-difference networks and several radio frequency switches. Since the mode can realize simultaneous multi-subarray scanning and different frequency operation, the radar beam scanning capability and anti-interference capability can be effectively improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the stripline two-dimensional sum-difference network of the present application.

[0030] Figure 2 It is a top view of the stripline two-dimensional sum-difference network of the present application.

[0031] Figure 3 It is a right view of the stripline two-dimensional sum-difference network of the present application.

[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the middle dielectric layer of the stripline two-dimensional sum-difference network of the present application.

[0033] Figure 5 is the top view of the intermediate dielectric layer of the stripline 2D sum and difference network of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 is the bottom view of the intermediate dielectric layer of the stripline 2D sum and difference network of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 7 is the S11 simulation result of the common port of the stripline 2D sum and difference network of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 8 is the S11 simulation result of the split port of the stripline 2D sum and difference network of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 9 is the S21 simulation result between the common ports of the stripline 2D sum and difference network of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 10 is the S21 simulation result between the adjacent split ports of the stripline 2D sum and difference network of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 11 is the S21 simulation result from a split port to a sum port of the stripline 2D sum and difference network of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 12 is the S21 simulation result from a split port to an azimuth port of the stripline 2D sum and difference network of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 13 is the S21 simulation result from a split port to a pitch port of the stripline 2D sum and difference network of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 14 is the normalized phase difference in the azimuth direction of the stripline 2D sum and difference network of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 15 is the normalized phase difference in the pitch direction of the stripline 2D sum and difference network of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 16 is the schematic diagram of the multi-functional sum and difference network of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 17 is the schematic diagram of the multi-functional sum and difference network of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 18 is the top view of the first dielectric plate of the multi-functional sum and difference network of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 19 is the partial view of the metal strip on the top surface of the first dielectric plate of the multi-functional sum and difference network of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 20Figure 1 is a partial view of the upper surface of a first dielectric plate of a multifunction and differential network according to the present application.

[0049] Figure 21 Figure 2 is a partial view of the upper surface of a circulator of a multifunction and differential network according to the present application.

[0050] Figure 22 Figure 3 is a view of the upper surface of a second dielectric plate of a multifunction and differential network according to the present application.

[0051] Figure 23 Figure 4 is a view of the upper surface of a third dielectric plate of a multifunction and differential network according to the present application.

[0052] Figure 24 Figure 5 is a partial view of the upper surface of a third dielectric plate of a multifunction and differential network according to the present application.

[0053] Figure 25 Figure 6 is a view of the upper surface of a fourth dielectric plate of a multifunction and differential network according to the present application.

[0054] Figure 26 Figure 7 is a view of the lower surface of a fourth dielectric plate of a multifunction and differential network according to the present application.

[0055] Figure 27 Figure 8 is a view of the lower surface of a fifth dielectric plate of a multifunction and differential network according to the present application.

[0056] Figure 28 Figure 9 is a wiring schematic of a multifunction and differential network according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0057] Figure 29 Figure 10 is a wiring schematic of a multifunction and differential network according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0058] Figure 30 Figure 11 is a wiring schematic of a multifunction and differential network according to yet another embodiment of the present application.

[0059] Wherein, 1 - upper anti-interference layer, 2 - upper dielectric plate, 3 - upper prepreg, 4 - intermediate dielectric plate, 5 - lower prepreg, 6 - lower dielectric plate, 7 - lower anti-interference layer, 8 - upper metal strip, 9 - lower metal strip, 10 - first dielectric plate, 11 - second dielectric plate, 12 - third dielectric plate, 13 - fourth dielectric plate, 14 - fifth dielectric plate, 15 - first prepreg, 16 - second prepreg, 17 - third prepreg, 18 - fourth prepreg, 19 - stripline broadband two-dimensional sum and difference network, 41 - metalized via, 42 - upper layer port, 43 - lower layer port, 44 - offset coupler, 421 - first coupling branch, 422 - coupling cross branch, 423 - second coupling branch, 104 - first dielectric plate ground plane layer, 111 - second dielectric plate metal strip, 122 - third dielectric plate ground plane layer, 131 - fourth dielectric plate upper layer metal strip, 132 - fourth dielectric plate lower layer metal strip, 133 - metalized blind hole, 141 - fifth dielectric plate ground plane layer, 142 - multifunctional network metalized via, 1011 - first dielectric plate metal strip, 1012 - radio frequency switch, 1021 - metal disc, 1031 - ground coplanar waveguide transmission line, 1032 - circulator, 1211 - dielectric slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] Other advantages and effects of the present application can be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the embodiments of the present application. The present application can also be implemented or applied by other different embodiments, and the details in the description can be modified or changed based on different views and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be noted that the following examples and features in the examples can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0061] All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0062] Waveguide and difference network is mainly used in brick structure single pulse radar system with low integration and packaging efficiency and low space size requirement. Generally, the volume of such sum and difference network is large, which is not conducive to the miniaturization and light weight of the radar system. Microstrip line and difference network has the advantages of small volume and light weight, and can be used in tile structure single pulse radar system with high integration. Generally, such sum and difference network needs to design a separate microstrip line shielding cavity to realize electromagnetic shielding, which brings certain limitation to system integration.

[0063] The solid-state single-pulse phased array antenna has the development trend of multi-mode combination, ultra-wideband and high integration. In addition to higher requirements for the planarization, miniaturization and wideband characteristics of the sum-difference network, the simple two-dimensional sum-difference network is difficult to meet the demand of the multi-functional operation of the phased array antenna, for example, to realize the sum and difference beams of the phased array antenna at the same time, in order to realize the sub-array sum and difference beams or improve the anti-interference ability, it is necessary to research and develop a multi-functional sum-difference network to meet the application demand.

[0064] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a strip line wideband two-dimensional sum-difference network and a multi-functional sum-difference network.

[0065] Embodiment 1

[0066] Reference Figures 1-6 As Figure 1 shown is a strip line two-dimensional sum-difference network schematic diagram of the present embodiment, as Figure 2 shown is a top view of the strip line two-dimensional sum-difference network of the present embodiment, Figure 3 is a right view of the strip line two-dimensional sum-difference network of the present embodiment, Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the intermediate dielectric layer of the strip line two-dimensional sum-difference network of the present embodiment, Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the upper layer of the intermediate dielectric layer of the strip line two-dimensional sum-difference network of the present embodiment, Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the lower layer of the intermediate dielectric layer of the strip line two-dimensional sum-difference network of the present embodiment.

[0067] The strip line two-dimensional sum-difference network provided by the present embodiment specifically comprises the following parts, which are an upper dielectric plate 2, an upper half- cured sheet 3, an intermediate dielectric plate, a lower half-cured sheet 5 and a lower dielectric plate 6, and the two-dimensional sum-difference network further comprises a metalized through hole penetrating through the entire two-dimensional sum-difference network.

[0068] The upper surface of the upper dielectric plate 2 is covered by an upper anti-interference layer 1, the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate 6 is covered by a lower anti-interference layer 7, and the metalized through hole penetrates through the upper anti-interference layer 1 and the lower anti-interference layer 7.

[0069] The upper and lower surfaces of the intermediate dielectric plate are provided with metal conductive strips, the overlapping part of the metal conductive strips and the edge of the intermediate dielectric plate forms a port, the metal conductive strips are partially overlapped, and the overlapping area forms four constant bias couplers, and the four constant bias couplers are cascaded to form a strip line wideband two-dimensional sum-difference network.

[0070] As an implementation manner, the upper anti-interference layer 1 and the lower anti-interference layer 7 in the present embodiment adopt copper sheets. The PCB processing technology adopted in the present embodiment has a copper layer on the dielectric plate.

[0071] As an implementation, the upper layer conductive strip and the lower layer conductive strip of the intermediate dielectric plate in the embodiment are mirror-symmetric respectively, and the upper layer conductive strip and the lower layer conductive strip are mirror-symmetric. The upper layer conductive strip and the lower layer conductive strip are both single metal conductive wire bending, the main body structure is in the form of 'U' distribution and there is a part coinciding with the edge of the intermediate dielectric plate, which respectively constitutes the upper layer port 42 and the lower layer port 43. The upper layer port 42 and the lower layer port 43 are specifically divided into sum ports, azimuth difference ports, elevation difference ports, load ports and respective sub-ports. The sub-ports respectively correspond to four quadrants of the single pulse radar or the single pulse antenna. The ports of the stripline broadband two-dimensional sum and difference network can be interconnected with external radio frequency ports through horizontal probes or coaxial transitions, vertical transitions, slot coupling and the like.

[0072] As an implementation, the bias coupler 44 in the embodiment includes a first coupling branch 421, a coupling cross branch 422 and a second coupling branch 423, the first coupling branch 421 and the second coupling branch 423 constitute two-stage coupling lines, and the bias coupler 44 adopts two-stage coupling line cascade. Compared with the sum and difference network composed of the tapered coupler, the four stripline bias couplers 44 composed of the upper metal conductive strip 8 and the lower metal conductive strip 9 overlapping each other at two sides of the intermediate dielectric plate are combined to form the stripline two-dimensional sum and difference network. The constant bias coupler 44 does not have tapering, the overlapping coupling area is wider, the size is more compact, and the bias coupler 44 is less affected by the bias tolerance of the upper metal conductive strip 8 and the lower metal conductive strip 9 of the intermediate dielectric plate.

[0073] As an implementation, the bias coupler 44 in the embodiment achieves orthogonal coupling by adjusting the length and width of the first coupling branch 421, the coupling cross branch 422 and the second coupling branch 423. In order to make the power division ratio of the bias coupler 44 be 1:1 and the adjacent output ends differ by a constant of 90 degrees, the length and width of the first coupling branch 421, the coupling cross branch 422 and the second coupling branch 423 need to be properly adjusted to achieve the effect of orthogonal coupling.

[0074] As an implementation, the metallized through holes 41 in the embodiment are uniformly distributed at a certain distance around the upper layer conductive strip and the lower layer conductive strip, and serve as shielding holes of the stripline two-dimensional sum and difference network. The metallized through holes 41 play an electromagnetic shielding role, effectively improve the interlayer isolation of the sum and difference network, and better ensure the zero depth and other indicators of the single pulse radar or the antenna.

[0075] As an implementation, the pitch of the metallized through holes 41 in the embodiment is between λ / 10 and λ / 8. Wherein, λ is the corresponding wavelength of the highest working frequency in the selected dielectric material. The pitch of the through holes is limited in order to limit the leakage of electromagnetic waves in the transmission process. The smaller the pitch is, the smaller the leakage is. However, too small pitch will inevitably require more metallized through holes, which will increase the difficulty of processing and thus increase the cost.

[0076] It should be noted that the upper and lower medium plates 2 and 6 in the embodiment mainly play a supporting role for the intermediate medium plate.

[0077] Referring to Figure 7 As Figure 7 shown is the simulation result of the strip line two-dimensional sum-difference network common port S11 in the embodiment, it can be seen that in the range of 11.8GHz~16.3GHz, the four common ports S11<-25dB, and the relative bandwidth is greater than 33.4%.

[0078] Referring to Figure 8 As Figure 8 shown is the simulation result of the strip line two-dimensional sum-difference network split port in the embodiment, including the strip line two-dimensional sum-difference network split port curve changing with frequency, it can be seen that in the range of 11.8GHz~16.3GHz, the four common ports S11<-26dB, and the relative bandwidth is greater than 33.4%.

[0079] Referring to Figure 9 As Figure 9 shown is the simulation result of the strip line two-dimensional sum-difference network common port S21 in the embodiment, it can be seen that in the range of 11.8GHz~16.3GHz, the S21 between the azimuth and the elevation port is <-27dB, the S21 between the azimuth and the sum port is <-23dB, and the S21 between the elevation and the sum port is <-50dB, which indicates that the two-dimensional sum-difference network has good common port isolation, and can ensure that the single pulse radar or antenna has good difference beam null depth.

[0080] Referring to Figure 10 As Figure 10 shown is the simulation result of the strip line two-dimensional sum-difference network adjacent split port S21 in the embodiment, it can be seen that in the range of 11.8GHz~16.3GHz, the S21 between the split port 1 and 3, and the S21 between the split port 2 and 4 is <-27dB, which indicates that the two-dimensional sum-difference network split port isolation is very good, and can effectively reduce the influence of the radio frequency signal between the split ports.

[0081] Referring to Figure 11 As Figure 11 shown is the simulation result of the strip line two-dimensional sum-difference network split port to sum port S21 in the embodiment, it can be seen that in the range of 11.8GHz~16.3GHz, the S21 from each split port to the sum port is in the range of -6.4dB~-5.9dB, and the maximum difference is ±0.25dB. It indicates that when the single pulse radar or antenna is in the transmitting state, through the phase matching of the end channel, it can basically realize the completely equal amplitude and in-phase output, and the strip line two-dimensional sum-difference network can obtain higher sum beam gain.

[0082] Referring to Figure 12 As Figure 12The simulation results of the strip-line two-dimensional sum-difference network in the embodiment are shown in the figure, from which it can be seen that, in the range of 11.8GHz-16.3GHz, the S21 of each sub-port to the sum port is in the range of-6.4dB-5.9dB, and the maximum difference is ±0.25dB.

[0083] Referring to Figure 13 As shown in the figure, the simulation results of the strip-line two-dimensional sum-difference network in the embodiment are shown in the figure, from which it can be seen that, in the range of 11.8GHz-16.3GHz, the S21 of each sub-port to the sum port is in the range of-6.4dB-5.9dB, and the maximum difference is ±0.25dB. Figure 13 Referring to

[0084] As shown in the figure, the simulation results of the strip-line two-dimensional sum-difference network in the embodiment are shown in the figure, from which it can be seen that, in the range of 11.8GHz-16.3GHz, the S21 of each sub-port to the sum port is in the range of-6.4dB-5.9dB, and the maximum difference is ±0.25dB. Figure 14 Figure 14 As shown in the figure, the simulation results of the strip-line two-dimensional sum-difference network in the embodiment are shown in the figure, from which it can be seen that, in the range of 11.8GHz-16.3GHz, the S21 of each sub-port to the sum port is in the range of-6.4dB-5.9dB, and the maximum difference is ±0.25dB.

[0085] Referring to Figure 15 As shown in the figure, the simulation results of the strip-line two-dimensional sum-difference network in the embodiment are shown in the figure, from which it can be seen that, in the range of 11.8GHz-16.3GHz, the S21 of each sub-port to the sum port is in the range of-6.4dB-5.9dB, and the maximum difference is ±0.25dB. Figure 15 As shown in the figure, the simulation results of the strip-line two-dimensional sum-difference network in the embodiment are shown in the figure, from which it can be seen that, in the range of 11.8GHz-16.3GHz, the S21 of each sub-port to the sum port is in the range of-6.4dB-5.9dB, and the maximum difference is ±0.25dB.

[0086] Figure 12 As shown in the figure, the simulation results of the strip-line two-dimensional sum-difference network in the embodiment are shown in the figure, from which it can be seen that, in the range of 11.8GHz-16.3GHz, the S21 of each sub-port to the sum port is in the range of-6.4dB-5.9dB, and the maximum difference is ±0.25dB. Figure 14 As shown in the figure, the simulation results of the strip-line two-dimensional sum-difference network in the embodiment are shown in the figure, from which it can be seen that, in the range of 11.8GHz-16.3GHz, the S21 of each sub-port to the sum port is in the range of-6.4dB-5.9dB, and the maximum difference is ±0.25dB.

[0087] Figure 13 As shown in the figure, the simulation results of the strip-line two-dimensional sum-difference network in the embodiment are shown in the figure, from which it can be seen that, in the range of 11.8GHz-16.3GHz, the S21 of each sub-port to the sum port is in the range of-6.4dB-5.9dB, and the maximum difference is ±0.25dB. Figure 15 As shown in the figure, the simulation results of the strip-line two-dimensional sum-difference network in the embodiment are shown in the figure, from which it can be seen that, in the range of 11.8GHz-16.3GHz, the S21 of each sub-port to the sum port is in the range of-6.4dB-5.9dB, and the maximum difference is ±0.25dB.

[0088] ​​​The strip line broadband two-dimensional sum and difference network provided by the embodiment is formed by pressing three layers of medium plates and two layers of prepregs, wherein the upper copper sheet and the lower copper sheet serve as the upper and lower metal floors of the strip line, the upper metal conducting strip and the lower metal conducting strip inside the strip line are located on the two sides of the middle medium plate, and the upper metal conducting strip and the lower metal conducting strip partially overlap together from the top view, thereby forming a constant bias coupler. The effect of orthogonal coupling is achieved by appropriately adjusting the sizes of the first coupling branch, the coupling cross branch and the second coupling branch B423 of the bias coupler. After the four bias couplers are cascaded by using the strip line, a complete strip line broadband two-dimensional sum and difference network is formed, which has an ultra-wideband characteristic and a relative bandwidth greater than 33.4%. In addition, the upper metal conducting strip and the lower metal conducting strip of the strip line broadband two-dimensional sum and difference network are uniformly distributed with metalized through holes around the periphery, which serve as shielding holes of the strip line two-dimensional sum and difference network and play an electromagnetic shielding role, effectively improving the line isolation of the sum and difference network and better guaranteeing the zero depth and other indicators of a single pulse radar or antenna. The strip line broadband two-dimensional sum and difference network structure provided by the embodiment is compact, has high integration, is easy to integrate with an antenna and a radio frequency circuit, can effectively control the profile height, weight and volume of the entire circuit, is convenient for miniaturization design, can be directly processed by using a multi-layer PCB processing technology without additional assembly processes, and is more conducive to mass production.

[0089] Embodiment 2

[0090] The embodiment provides a multifunctional sum and difference network. Figures 16-27 As shown in Figure 16 , it is a schematic diagram of the multifunctional sum and difference network of the embodiment. As shown in Figure 17 , it is a schematic diagram of the stack of the multifunctional sum and difference network of the embodiment. As shown in Figure 18 , it is a schematic diagram of the upper surface of the first medium plate of the multifunctional sum and difference network of the embodiment. As shown in Figure 19 , it is a schematic diagram of the local metal conducting strip on the upper surface of the first medium plate of the multifunctional sum and difference network of the embodiment. As shown in Figure 20 , it is a schematic diagram of the local metal disc on the upper surface of the first medium plate of the multifunctional sum and difference network of the embodiment. As shown in Figure 21 , it is a schematic diagram of the local circulator on the upper surface of the first medium plate of the multifunctional sum and difference network of the embodiment. As shown in Figure 22 , it is a schematic diagram of the upper surface of the second medium plate of the multifunctional sum and difference network of the embodiment. As shown in Figure 23 , it is a schematic diagram of the upper surface of the third medium plate of the multifunctional sum and difference network of the embodiment. As shown in Figure 24 , it is a schematic diagram of the local upper surface of the third medium plate of the multifunctional sum and difference network of the embodiment. As shown in Figure 25 , it is a schematic diagram of the upper surface of the fourth medium plate of the multifunctional sum and difference network of the embodiment. As shown in Figure 26 , it is a schematic diagram of the lower surface of the fourth medium plate of the multifunctional sum and difference network of the embodiment. As shown in Figure 27Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the lower surface of the fifth medium plate of the multifunctional and difference network according to the embodiment.

[0091] The multifunctional and difference network comprises a first medium plate 10, a first prepreg 15, a second medium plate 11, a second prepreg 16, a third medium plate 12, a third prepreg 17, a fourth medium plate 13, a fourth prepreg 18, and a fifth medium plate 14.

[0092] The upper surface of the first medium plate 10 has a first medium plate floor layer 104 covering a large part of the upper surface of the first medium plate 10, which mainly serves as a metal floor of the multifunctional and difference network, on which twelve single-pole double-throw radio frequency switches 1012, circulators 1032, and ground coplanar waveguide transmission lines 1031 are welded or bonded, for realizing subarray switching of transceiving radio frequency signals and separation of common-end transceiving radio frequency signals. It should be noted that the first medium plate floor layer and subsequent floor layers in this embodiment are made of copper.

[0093] The upper surface of the first medium plate 10 has a plurality of first medium plate metal straps 1011 at positions other than the copper, which transmit radio frequency signals of each subarray to the surface of the multifunctional and difference network and then feed them into each total port or branch port after switching by the radio frequency switches 1012 or separation by the circulators 1032.

[0094] The upper surface of the first medium plate 10 has a plurality of metal discs 1021 at positions other than the copper, which are respectively total ports for transmitting (T), receiving (R), azimuth difference (FW), elevation difference (FY), and load (FZ). Through the transmitting total port, the transmitted radio frequency signals can be fed into the multifunctional and difference network and then transmitted to each branch output port A1-A4 and B1-B4, followed by amplification and phase shifting by the T component, and then radiated by the antenna to form transmission and beams. The electromagnetic waves received by the receiving antenna can also be amplified and phase shifted by the R component, transmitted to each branch port A1-A4 and B1-B4, and then form receiving and beam, azimuth difference beam, and elevation difference beam through the multifunctional and difference network. In addition, the load port is used for terminating the matching load. The center positions of the plurality of metal discs 1021 have metalized blind holes that are connected to other medium plates for transmitting radio frequency signals.

[0095] The upper surface of the second medium plate 11 has a plurality of second medium plate metal straps 111 for connecting the first medium plate 10 and the third medium plate 12, which have two main functions: one is to transmit radio frequency signals to each radio frequency switch 1012, and the other is to realize cross-connection when other layers of metal strap structures interfere.

[0096] The upper surface of the third medium plate 12 has a third medium plate floor layer 122 that serves as a metal floor of the plurality of second medium plate metal straps 111 on the upper surface of the second medium plate 11.

[0097] In addition to the third dielectric substrate floor layer 122, which serves as the metal floor, the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 12 also has several dielectric gaps 1211. Their main function is to prevent short circuits of radio frequency signals and to enable effective transmission of radio frequency signals between different layers of metal conductors or metal disks in the multifunctional sum-difference network.

[0098] The upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 13 has an upper metal conductor strip 131, and the lower surface has several lower metal conductor strips 132. Its first function is to transmit radio frequency signals, and another key function is to form eight constant bias couplers and cascade them to form two stripline broadband two-dimensional sum-difference networks 19.

[0099] The lower surface of the fifth dielectric substrate 14 has a fifth dielectric substrate ground plane 141, which serves as the metal ground plane for the upper metal conductor 131 and the lower metal conductor 132 of the fourth dielectric substrate. On the non-copper surface of the lower surface of the fifth dielectric substrate 14, there are several metal disks A1~A4 and B1~B4. These metal disks are the ports for various radio frequency branches. Multifunctional sum and difference networks can transmit radio frequency signals through these branch ports and T / R components.

[0100] In one implementation, the first, second, third, and fourth semi-cured sheets are located inside the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth dielectric plates, respectively, and the dielectric plates are fixed together by high-temperature pressing.

[0101] The multifunctional network metallized via 142 extends from the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 10 to the lower surface of the fifth dielectric substrate 14, and is used to achieve electromagnetic shielding of each layer of metal conductor strips and reduce interlayer interference.

[0102] Metallized blind vias 133 are used to enable radio frequency signal conduction in different layers of metal conductors or metal disks. These metallized blind vias 133 can be implemented using conventional PCB processing techniques such as depth control and back drilling.

[0103] Reference Figure 28 ,like Figure 28 The diagram shown is a schematic of the wiring principle of the multifunctional sum-difference network in this embodiment. Under the control of the RF switch 1012, this multifunctional sum-difference network mainly achieves two operating modes: full array operation and subarray operation.

[0104] The working mode one is full array working, and the working mode is same as the traditional single pulse phased array radar. In the transmitting state, the radio frequency switch 1012 of the transmitting and port T1 to all branch ports A1-A4 and B1-B4 is in the on state, the transmitting and signal passes through the multifunctional sum and difference network to reach each branch port A1-A4 and B1-B4, and is transmitted to the T component for amplification and phase shift, and then is radiated by the antenna to form the transmitting and beam. In the receiving state, the electromagnetic wave signal received by the phased array antenna is converted into a radio frequency signal, the radio frequency signal is amplified and phase shifted by the R component, is transmitted to each branch port A1-A4 and B1-B4, then passes through the multifunctional sum and difference network, and finally is transmitted to the receiving and port R1, the azimuth port FW1 and the elevation port FY1, to form the receiving and beam, the azimuth difference beam and the elevation difference beam.

[0105] The working mode two is subarray working, in which the radio frequency switch 1012 of each subarray corresponding branch port A1-A4 and B1-B4 to the corresponding total port T1, R1, FW1, FY1 and T2, FW2, FY2 (at this time, T1, R1, FW1, FY1 are the common ports of the A subarray, and T2, R2, FW2, FY2 are the common ports of the B subarray) is in the on state, and the A and B subarrays can work at different frequencies at the same time, to realize the function of two single pulse phased array radars working at the same time. The multifunctional sum and difference network realizes the same transmitting and receiving functions in the A or B subarray through the built-in two broadband two-dimensional sum and difference networks and twelve radio frequency switches. Since this mode can realize the simultaneous scanning and different frequency working of two subarrays, the radar beam scanning ability and the anti-interference ability can be effectively improved.

[0106] Embodiment 3

[0107] Reference Figure 29 As Figure 29 shown is the wiring principle diagram of the multifunctional sum and difference network of this embodiment. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that the multifunctional sum and difference network passes through three built-in broadband two-dimensional sum and difference networks and eleven radio frequency switches. The multifunctional sum and difference network passes through an additional built-in broadband two-dimensional sum and difference network, reduces one radio frequency switch, and realizes the same function as embodiment 2. The specific working mode is referred to embodiment 2, and will not be described here.

[0108] Embodiment 4

[0109] Reference Figure 30 As Figure 30The multifunctional and differential network schematic diagram of the embodiment is shown. The embodiment is different from the embodiments 2 and 3 in that the multifunctional and differential network is built-in three broadband two-dimensional and differential networks and eight radio frequency switches, and the total ports T1, R1, FW1 and FY1 of the A subarray are no longer shared with the total ports of the full array, and the total ports of the A subarray are changed to T3, R3, FW3 and FY3, and similar functions to the embodiments 2 and 3 are realized. The specific working mode is referred to the embodiment 2, and will not be described here.

[0110] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A stripline broadband two-dimensional sum-difference network, the two-dimensional sum-difference network comprising, from top to bottom, an upper dielectric substrate, an upper prepreg, an intermediate dielectric substrate, a lower prepreg, and a lower dielectric substrate stacked sequentially, the two-dimensional sum-difference network further comprising a metallized via penetrating the entire two-dimensional sum-difference network, characterized in that: The upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate is covered by an upper anti-interference layer, and the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate is covered by a lower anti-interference layer. The metallized via penetrates the upper anti-interference layer and the lower anti-interference layer. The upper and lower surfaces of the intermediate dielectric plate are provided with conductive strips, and the overlapping portion of the conductive strips and the edge of the intermediate dielectric plate constitutes a port; the metallized vias are evenly distributed around the upper and lower conductive strips at a certain distance, serving as shielding holes for the stripline two-dimensional sum-difference network; the conductive strips partially overlap, and the overlapping area constitutes four constant bias couplers, which are cascaded to form a stripline broadband two-dimensional sum-difference network; the bias coupler includes a first coupling branch, a coupling cross branch, and a second coupling branch, which constitute two-stage coupling lines, and the bias coupler adopts two-stage coupling line cascade.

2. The stripline broadband two-dimensional sum-difference network as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper anti-interference layer and the lower anti-interference layer both include copper foil.

3. The stripline broadband two-dimensional sum-difference network as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper and lower conductive strips of the intermediate dielectric plate are mirror-symmetric.

4. The stripline broadband two-dimensional sum-difference network as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bias coupler achieves orthogonal coupling by adjusting the length and width of the first coupling branch, the coupling cross branch, and the second coupling branch.

5. The stripline broadband two-dimensional sum-difference network as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between the metallized vias is between λ / 10 and λ / 8, where λ is the wavelength of the highest operating frequency in the selected dielectric material.

6. A multifunctional sum-difference network, characterized in that, The multifunctional sum-difference network includes a first dielectric substrate, a first prepreg, a second dielectric substrate, a second prepreg, a third dielectric substrate, a third prepreg, a fourth dielectric substrate, a fourth prepreg, and a fifth dielectric substrate. The multifunctional sum-difference network incorporates multiple stripline broadband two-dimensional sum-difference networks as described in any one of claims 1-5 and multiple radio frequency switches. The radio frequency switches are used to realize the switching of transmit and receive radio frequency signal subarrays and the separation of transmit and receive radio frequency signals at the common end.

7. The multifunctional sum-difference network as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The upper surface of the first dielectric substrate is covered with a ground layer, and the radio frequency switch is bonded or soldered to the ground layer. There are several ports on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate where the ground layer is not covered. The upper surface of the second dielectric substrate is provided with a guide strip; The upper surface of the third medium plate is provided with a floor layer and several medium gaps; The fourth dielectric plate is provided with guide strips on both its upper and lower surfaces; The lower surface of the fifth dielectric plate is provided with a floor layer, and the lower surface of the fifth dielectric plate without a floor layer is provided with several ports.

8. The multifunctional sum-difference network as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The first, second, third, and fourth prepregs are located between the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth dielectric plates, respectively, and are fixed together by high-temperature pressing.

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