A broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phase between output ports

Abstract

The present invention discloses a broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable phase and flatness between output ports, comprising structures such as a first open-short line loaded phase shifter line, a second open-short line loaded phase shifter line, a third open-short line loaded phase shifter line, a fourth open-short line loaded phase shifter line, a fifth open-short line loaded phase shifter line, a sixth open-short line loaded phase shifter line, etc.; by using four three-branch directional couplers and two four-branch directional couplers, good impedance matching performance of the 4×4 Nolen matrix in a wide frequency band range is achieved; by simultaneously adjusting the bias voltages of the varactor diodes in six identical adjustable phase shifters and switching different input ports, the performance that the phase difference between the output ports of the 4×4 Nolen matrix can be adjusted in the range of 0 to 360° is achieved; by using eight open-short line loaded phase shifter lines, a flat phase curve in a wide frequency band is maintained when the phase changes between the output ports.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of microwave antennas, and particularly to a broadband Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phase between output ports. Background Art

[0002] The beamforming network is an important part of a multi-beam antenna array. The most important function of the beamforming network is to provide different power and phase distributions on the antenna, so as to achieve the control of the beam directivity and form a multi-beam antenna. The commonly used one in the beamforming network is the Butler matrix. The Butler matrix has the advantages of convenience, simplicity, low loss, etc., and has been widely used in the beamforming network. However, the Butler matrix can only implement an integer power of 2 number of input and output ports, and with the increase of the number of ports, the complexity of the Butler matrix will also increase greatly. Therefore, the common Butler matrices are only 4×4 and 8×8. In order to simplify the structure of the Butler matrix, the Blass matrix and the Nolen matrix were later proposed, which can implement any number of input and output ports. The Blass matrix is mainly composed of couplers, phase shifters, and load terminals, and has the same input and output ports as the Butler matrix. Due to the existence of the terminal load, part of the energy will flow into the load, resulting in the total efficiency of the Blass matrix being lower than that of the Butler matrix. Based on the Blass matrix, the Nolen matrix was proposed. Compared with the Butler matrix in terms of structure, the Nolen matrix reduces the use of cross junctions, making the entire circuit structure simpler. Compared with the Blass matrix, it not only reduces the size of the entire structure, but also reduces the energy loss.

[0003] The traditional Butler matrix and Nolen matrix can only achieve several fixed output phase differences, resulting in only several fixed beams for the antenna array. In order to achieve continuous beam scanning, the network needs to be able to achieve continuously adjustable output phase differences. At present, few beamforming networks that can achieve adjustable phase have been proposed, and basically all are based on the Butler matrix, which do not have a large working bandwidth, the adjustable phase range is limited, cannot achieve 360° phase coverage, and at the same time do not have the advantages of small size and flexible structure of the Nolen matrix.

[0004] At present, a fixed-phase Nolen matrix with broadband characteristics has been proposed, but there is little research on a broadband Nolen matrix with adjustable phase. Therefore, a broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phase between output ports is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] According to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention discloses a broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable phase and flatness between output ports, comprising: a first open-short line loaded phase shifter line, a second open-short line loaded phase shifter line, a third open-short line loaded phase shifter line, a fourth open-short line loaded phase shifter line, a fifth open-short line loaded phase shifter line, a sixth open-short line loaded phase shifter line, a seventh open-short line loaded phase shifter line, an eighth open-short line loaded phase shifter line, a first three-branch directional coupler, a second three-branch directional coupler, a third three-branch directional coupler, a fourth three-branch directional coupler, a first four-branch directional coupler, a second four-branch directional coupler, a first connection line, a second connection line, a third connection line, a first adjustable phase shifter, a second adjustable phase shifter, a third adjustable phase shifter, a fourth adjustable phase shifter, a fifth adjustable phase shifter, a sixth adjustable phase shifter, an input port and an output port;

[0006] The first open-short line loaded phase shifter line includes a first open line, a first short line, a second open line, a second short line and a first meandering transmission line; the second open-short line loaded phase shifter line has the same structure as the first open-short line loaded phase shifter line; the third open-short line loaded phase shifter line has the same structure as the first open-short line loaded phase shifter line; the fourth open-short line loaded phase shifter line includes a third open line, a third short line, a fourth open line, a fourth short line and a second meandering transmission line; the fifth open-short line loaded phase shifter line has the same structure as the fourth open-short line loaded phase shifter line; the sixth open-short line loaded phase shifter line includes a fifth open line, a fifth short line, a sixth open line, a sixth short line and a third meandering transmission line; the seventh open-short line loaded phase shifter line includes a seventh open line, a seventh short line, an eighth open line, an eighth short line and a fourth meandering transmission line; the eighth open-short line loaded phase shifter line includes a ninth open line, a ninth short line, a tenth open line, a tenth short line and a fifth meandering transmission line;

[0007] The first three-branch directional coupler includes a first low-impedance horizontal microstrip line, a second low-impedance horizontal microstrip line, a first high-impedance vertical microstrip line, a second high-impedance vertical microstrip line and a first low-impedance vertical microstrip line; the second three-branch directional coupler has the same structure as the first three-branch directional coupler; the third three-branch directional coupler includes a third low-impedance horizontal microstrip line, a fourth low-impedance horizontal microstrip line, a third high-impedance vertical microstrip line, a fourth high-impedance vertical microstrip line and a second low-impedance vertical microstrip line; the fourth three-branch directional coupler has the same structure as the third three-branch directional coupler;

[0008] The first four-branch directional coupler includes a first low-impedance horizontal microstrip line, a second low-impedance horizontal microstrip line, a first high-impedance vertical microstrip line, a second high-impedance vertical microstrip line, a third high-impedance vertical microstrip line, a fourth high-impedance vertical microstrip line; the second four-branch directional coupler has the same structure as the first four-branch directional coupler;

[0009] The first connection line includes a first vertical 50-ohm transmission line, a second vertical 50-ohm transmission line, a first horizontal 50-ohm transmission line, and a second horizontal 50-ohm transmission line; the second connection line includes a first vertical 50-ohm transmission line, a second vertical 50-ohm transmission line, a first horizontal 50-ohm transmission line, and a second horizontal 50-ohm transmission line; the third connection line is a section of horizontal 50-ohm transmission line;

[0010] The first adjustable phase shifter includes a first parallel coupled line, a first floor slot, a second floor slot, a third floor slot, a fourth floor slot, a fifth floor slot, a first varactor diode, a second varactor diode, a first shorting pin, a second shorting pin, a third shorting pin, a fourth shorting pin, a fifth shorting pin, a sixth shorting pin, a first solder pad, a second solder pad, a third solder pad, a fourth solder pad, a first DC blocking capacitor, a second DC blocking capacitor, a first bias resistor, a second bias resistor, a first DC power supply, and a second DC power supply; the second adjustable phase shifter, the third adjustable phase shifter, the fourth adjustable phase shifter, the fifth adjustable phase shifter, and the sixth adjustable phase shifter all have the same structure as the first adjustable phase shifter;

[0011] The input ports include a first input port, a second input port, a third input port, and a fourth input port; the output ports include a first output port, a second output port, a third output port, and a fourth output port;

[0012] The first input port is connected to the upper left end of the first four-way directional coupler; the upper right end of the first four-way directional coupler is connected to the left end of the first open-short line loaded phase shifter; the right end of the first open-short line loaded phase shifter is connected to the left end of the second open-short line loaded phase shifter; the right end of the second open-short line loaded phase shifter is connected to the left end of the third open-short line loaded phase shifter; the right end of the third open-short line loaded phase shifter is connected to the first output port;

[0013] The second input port is connected to the upper left end of the second three-way directional coupler; the upper right end of the second three-way directional coupler is connected to the left end of the first connection line; the right end of the first phase shifter is connected to the lower left end of the first four-way directional coupler; the lower right end of the first three-way directional coupler is connected to the upper end of the first adjustable phase shifter; the lower end of the first adjustable phase shifter is connected to the upper left end of the first three-way directional coupler; the upper right end of the first three-way directional coupler is connected to the left end of the fourth open-short line loaded phase shifter; the right end of the fourth open-short line loaded phase shifter is connected to the left end of the fifth open-short line loaded phase shifter; the right end of the fifth open-short line loaded phase shifter is connected to the second output port;

[0014] The third input port is connected to the upper left end of the fourth three-way directional coupler; the upper right end of the fourth three-way directional coupler is connected to the lower left end of the second three-way directional coupler; the lower right end of the second three-way directional coupler is connected to the upper end of the fourth adjustable phase shifter; the lower end of the fourth adjustable phase shifter is connected to the left end of the seventh open / short line loaded phase shifter line; the right end of the seventh open / short line loaded phase shifter line is connected to the upper left end of the second four-way directional coupler; the upper right end of the second four-way directional coupler is connected to the lower left end of the first three-way directional coupler; the lower right port of the first three-way directional coupler is connected to the upper end of the second adjustable phase shifter; the lower end of the second adjustable phase shifter is connected to the upper left end of the third three-way directional coupler; the upper right end of the third three-way directional coupler is connected to the left end of the sixth open / short line loaded phase shifter line; the right end of the sixth open / short line loaded phase shifter line is connected to the third output port;

[0015] The fourth input port is connected to the lower left end of the fourth three-way directional coupler; the lower right end of the fourth three-way directional coupler is connected to the upper end of the fifth adjustable phase shifter; the lower end of the fifth adjustable phase shifter is connected to the left end of the eighth open / short line loaded phase shifter line; the right end of the eighth open / short line loaded phase shifter line is connected to the lower left end of the second four-way directional coupler; the lower right end of the second four-way directional coupler is connected to the upper end of the sixth adjustable phase shifter; the lower end of the sixth adjustable phase shifter is connected to the left end of the second connection line; the right end of the second connection line is connected to the lower left end of the third three-way directional coupler; the lower right end of the third three-way directional coupler is connected to the upper end of the third adjustable phase shifter; the lower end of the third adjustable phase shifter is connected to the left end of the third connection line; the right end of the third connection line is connected to the fourth output port.

[0016] Furthermore, broadband equal-amplitude output can be obtained by using the first three-way directional coupler, the second three-way directional coupler, the third three-way directional coupler, the fourth three-way directional coupler, the first four-way directional coupler, and the second four-way directional coupler; by simultaneously adjusting the bias voltages of the varactor diodes in the first adjustable phase shifter, the second adjustable phase shifter, the third adjustable phase shifter, the fourth adjustable phase shifter, the fifth adjustable phase shifter, and the sixth adjustable phase shifter, and combining with the switching of different input ports, the phase difference between the output ports can be adjusted within the range of 0° to 360°; by using the first open / short line loaded phase shifter line, the second open / short line loaded phase shifter line, the third open / short line loaded phase shifter line, the fourth open / short line loaded phase shifter line, the fifth open / short line loaded phase shifter line, the sixth open / short line loaded phase shifter line, the seventh open / short line loaded phase shifter line, and the eighth open / short line loaded phase shifter line, a flat phase within the band can be maintained when the phase difference between the output ports changes.

[0017] Furthermore, the coupling degrees of the first three-branch directional coupler and the second three-branch directional coupler are 1.76 dB; the coupling degrees of the third three-branch directional coupler and the fourth three-branch directional coupler are 3 dB; the coupling degrees of the first four-branch directional coupler and the second four-branch directional coupler are 1.25 dB.

[0018] Furthermore, the phase shift values of the first open-short line loaded phase shifter, the second open-short line loaded phase shifter, the third open-short line loaded phase shifter, the fourth open-short line loaded phase shifter, the fifth open-short line loaded phase shifter, and the sixth open-short line loaded phase shifter are all 360°; the phase shift value of the seventh open-short line loaded phase shifter is 180°; the phase shift value of the eighth open-short line loaded phase shifter is 450°; the phase shift values of the first connection line and the second connection line are 360°, and the phase shift value of the third connection line is 180°; the phase shift ranges of the first adjustable phase shifter, the second adjustable phase shifter, the third adjustable phase shifter, the fourth adjustable phase shifter, the fifth adjustable phase shifter, and the sixth adjustable phase shifter are all 0° to 90°.

[0019] The first open-short line loaded phase shifter, the second open-short line loaded phase shifter, the third open-short line loaded phase shifter, the fourth open-short line loaded phase shifter, the fifth open-short line loaded phase shifter, the sixth open-short line loaded phase shifter, the first connection line, and the second connection line have no influence on the amplitude and the phase of the center frequency of the output signal. Let the phase shift values of the first adjustable phase shifter, the second adjustable phase shifter, the third adjustable phase shifter, the fourth adjustable phase shifter, the fifth adjustable phase shifter, and the sixth adjustable phase shifter be variables α, the first input port be port 1, the second input port be port 2, the third input port be port 3, the fourth input port be port 4, the first output port be port 5, the second output port be port 6, the third output port be port 7, and the fourth output port be port 8. Then, the S parameters representing the input-output relationship of the broadband Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phases between the output ports are:

[0020]

[0021]

[0022]

[0023]

[0024] The phase difference between the output ports can be expressed as:

[0025] ∠S 61 -∠S 51 =∠S 71 -∠S 61 =∠S 81 -∠S 71= 90° - α

[0026] ∠S 62 -∠S 52 = ∠S 72 -∠S 62 = ∠S 82 -∠S 72 = 270° - α

[0027] ∠S 63 -∠S 53 = ∠S 73 -∠S 63 = ∠S 83 -∠S 73 = 180° - α

[0028] ∠S 64 -∠S 54 = ∠S 74 -∠S 64 = ∠S 84 -∠S 74 = 360° - α

[0029] As the phase shift values of the first adjustable phase shifter, the second adjustable phase shifter, the third adjustable phase shifter, the fourth adjustable phase shifter, the fifth adjustable phase shifter, and the sixth adjustable phase shifter simultaneously change from 90° to 0°, when the first input port is excited, the phase difference between the second output port and the first output port, the phase between the third output port and the second output port, and the phase difference between the fourth output port and the third output port can achieve a change in the range of 0° to 90°; when the second input port is excited, the phase difference between the second output port and the first output port, the phase between the third output port and the second output port, and the phase difference between the fourth output port and the third output port can achieve a change in the range of 180° to 270°; when the third input port is excited, the phase difference between the second output port and the first output port, the phase between the third output port and the second output port, and the phase difference between the fourth output port and the third output port can achieve a change in the range of 90° to 180°; when the fourth input port is excited, the phase difference between the second output port and the first output port, the phase between the third output port and the second output port, and the phase difference between the fourth output port and the third output port can achieve a change in the range of 270° to 360°.

[0030] Furthermore, the first open line and the second open line have the same size; the first short line and the second short line have the same size; the first open line and the first short line have different electrical lengths but the same impedance. The impedances of the first open line, the first short line, the second open line, and the second short line are greater than 50 ohms. The electrical length of the first open line is greater than 45°, and the sum of the electrical lengths of the first open line and the first short line is 90°. The impedance of the first meandering transmission line is greater than 50 ohms, and the electrical length is 360°. The third open line and the fourth open line have the same size, the third short line and the fourth short line have the same size, the third open line and the third short line have the same impedance but different electrical lengths. The impedances of the third open line, the third short line, the fourth open line, and the fourth short line are all greater than 50 ohms. The electrical length of the third open line is greater than 45°, and the sum of the electrical lengths of the third open line and the third short line is 90°. The impedance of the second meandering transmission line is slightly greater than 50 ohms, and the electrical length is 360°. The fifth open line and the sixth open line have the same size, the fifth short line and the sixth short line have the same size, the fifth open line and the fifth short line have the same impedance but different electrical lengths. The impedances of the fifth open line, the fifth short line, the sixth open line, and the sixth short line are greater than 50 ohms. The electrical length of the fifth open line is less than 45°, and the sum of the electrical lengths of the fifth open line and the fifth short line is 90°. The impedance of the third meandering transmission line is greater than 50 ohms, and the electrical length is 360°. The seventh open line and the eighth open line have the same size, the seventh short line and the eighth short line have the same size, the seventh open line and the seventh short line have the same impedance but different electrical lengths. The impedances of the seventh open line, the seventh short line, the eighth open line, and the eighth short line are greater than 50 ohms. The electrical length of the seventh open line is greater than 45°, and the sum of the electrical lengths of the seventh open line and the seventh short line is 90°. The impedance of the fourth meandering transmission line is greater than 50 ohms, and the electrical length is 180°. The ninth open line and the tenth open line have the same size, the ninth short line and the tenth short line have the same size, the ninth open line and the ninth short line have the same impedance but different electrical lengths. The impedances of the ninth open line, the ninth short line, the tenth open line, and the tenth short line are greater than 50 ohms. The electrical length of the ninth open line is greater than 45°, and the sum of the electrical lengths of the ninth open line and the ninth short line is 90°. The impedance of the fifth meandering transmission line is slightly greater than 50 ohms, and the electrical length is 450°.

[0031] The frequency-phase shift relationship of the open / short line loaded phase shifter can be expressed as:

[0032]

[0033] Where

[0034]

[0035] In the formula, θ 11 and Z 11Let \(L\) be the length and \(Z_0\) be the impedance of the serpentine transmission line, \(\theta_1\) be the length of the open circuit line, \(Z_1\) be the impedance of the open / short circuit line, and \(f_0\) be the center frequency. It can be seen that \(\theta(f_0)=\theta\). 11 , that is, the size of the open / short circuit line does not affect the phase shift value at the center frequency, but can change the slope of the frequency-phase shift relationship of the open / short circuit line loaded with the phase shift line within the working frequency band. According to the different paths of the signal from different input ports to different output ports, let the first open / short circuit line loaded with the phase shift line, the second open / short circuit line loaded with the phase shift line, the third open / short circuit line loaded with the phase shift line, the fourth open / short circuit line loaded with the phase shift line, the fifth open / short circuit line loaded with the phase shift line, the sixth open / short circuit line loaded with the phase shift line, the seventh open / short circuit line loaded with the phase shift line, and the eighth open / short circuit line loaded with the phase shift line each take appropriate \(X\) 11 , \(\theta\) 11 , \(Z_1\), \(\theta_1\) values, and a flat phase difference between output ports can be obtained within the broadband range.

[0036] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, a broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phase between output ports provided by the present invention has the following advantages: By adopting a three-branch / four-branch directional coupler, good impedance matching performance of the 4×4 Nolen matrix within a wide frequency band is achieved; By adding adjustable phase shifters, the performance that the phase difference between the output ports of the 4×4 Nolen matrix can be adjusted within the range of 0 to 360° is achieved; By adopting multiple open / short circuit lines loaded with phase shift lines, a flat phase curve within the broadband range is maintained when the phase between the output ports changes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments recorded in the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0038] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phase between output ports of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the first three-branch directional coupler in the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phase between output ports of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the third three-branch directional coupler in the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phase between output ports of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4It is a schematic structural diagram of the first four-branch directional coupler in the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable phase and flatness between the output ports of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first open / short-circuit line loaded phase shifter in the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable phase and flatness between the output ports of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the fourth open / short-circuit line loaded phase shifter in the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable phase and flatness between the output ports of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the sixth open / short-circuit line loaded phase shifter in the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable phase and flatness between the output ports of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the seventh open / short-circuit line loaded phase shifter in the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable phase and flatness between the output ports of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the eighth open / short-circuit line loaded phase shifter in the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable phase and flatness between the output ports of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 10 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first connecting line in the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable phase and flatness between the output ports of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 11 It is a schematic structural diagram of the second connecting line in the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable phase and flatness between the output ports of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 12 It is a schematic structural diagram of the upper patch of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth adjustable phase shifters in the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable phase and flatness between the output ports of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 13 It is a schematic structural diagram of the lower floor of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth adjustable phase shifters in the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable phase and flatness between the output ports of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 14 It is a graph of the impedance matching results of each input port in the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable phase and flatness between the output ports of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 15It is the result diagram of the isolation curve between the input ports of the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phase between the output ports of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 16 It is the result diagram of the amplitude of each output port when the first port of the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phase between the output ports of the present invention is input;

[0054] Figure 17 It is the result diagram of the amplitude of each output port when the second port of the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phase between the output ports of the present invention is input;

[0055] Figure 18 It is the result diagram of the amplitude of each output port when the third port of the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phase between the output ports of the present invention is input;

[0056] Figure 19 It is the result diagram of the amplitude of each output port when the fourth port of the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phase between the output ports of the present invention is input;

[0057] Figure 20 It is the result diagram of the phase difference between the output ports changing with the capacitance value of the varactor diode when the first port of the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phase between the output ports of the present invention is input;

[0058] Figure 21 It is the result diagram of the phase difference between the output ports changing with the capacitance value of the varactor diode when the second port of the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phase between the output ports of the present invention is input;

[0059] Figure 22 It is the result diagram of the phase difference between the output ports changing with the capacitance value of the varactor diode when the third port of the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phase between the output ports of the present invention is input;

[0060] Figure 23 It is the result diagram of the phase difference between the output ports changing with the capacitance value of the varactor diode when the fourth port of the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phase between the output ports of the present invention is input;

[0061] In the figure: 0101, the first open circuit line; 0102, the first short circuit line; 0103, the second open circuit line; 0104, the second short circuit line; 0105, the first serpentine transmission line; 0401, the third open circuit line; 0402, the third short circuit line; 0403, the fourth open circuit line; 0404, the fourth short circuit line; 0405, the second serpentine transmission line; 0601, the fifth open circuit line; 0602, the fifth short circuit line; 0603, the sixth open circuit line; 0604, the sixth short circuit line; 0605, the third serpentine transmission line; 0701, the seventh open circuit line; 0702, the seventh short circuit line; 0703, the eighth open circuit line; 0704, the eighth short circuit line; 0705, the fourth serpentine transmission line; 0801, the ninth open circuit line; 0802, the ninth short circuit line; 0803, the tenth open circuit line; 0804, the tenth short circuit line; 0805, the fifth serpentine transmission line;

[0062] 0901, the first low-impedance horizontal microstrip line; 0902, the second low-impedance horizontal microstrip line; 0903, the first high-impedance vertical microstrip line; 0904, the second high-impedance vertical microstrip line; 0905, the first low-impedance vertical microstrip line; 1101, the third low-impedance horizontal microstrip line; 1102, the fourth low-impedance horizontal microstrip line; 1103, the third high-impedance vertical microstrip line; 1104, the fourth high-impedance vertical microstrip line; 1105, the second low-impedance vertical microstrip line;

[0063] 1301, the first low-impedance horizontal microstrip line; 1302, the second low-impedance horizontal microstrip line; 1303, the first high-impedance vertical microstrip line; 1304, the second high-impedance vertical microstrip line; 1305, the third high-impedance vertical microstrip line; 1306, the fourth high-impedance vertical microstrip line 1306;

[0064] 1501, the first vertical 50-ohm transmission line; 1502, the second vertical 50-ohm transmission line; 1503, the first horizontal 50-ohm transmission line; 1504, the second horizontal 50-ohm transmission line; 1601, the first vertical 50-ohm transmission line; 1602, the second vertical 50-ohm transmission line; 1603, the first horizontal 50-ohm transmission line; 1604, the second horizontal 50-ohm transmission line 1604;

[0065] 1801. First parallel coupled line, 1802. First floor slot, 1803. Second floor slot, 1804. Third floor slot, 1805. Fourth floor slot, 1806. Fifth floor slot, 1807. First varactor diode, 1808. Second varactor diode, 1809. First shorting pin, 1810. Second shorting pin, 1811. Third shorting pin, 1812. Fourth shorting pin, 1813. Fifth shorting pin, 1814. Sixth shorting pin 1814; 1815. First bonding pad; 1816. Second bonding pad; 1817. Third bonding pad; 1818. Fourth bonding pad; 1819. First DC blocking capacitor; 1820. Second DC blocking capacitor; 1821. First bias resistor; 1822. Second bias resistor; 1823. First DC power supply; 1824. Second DC power supply;

[0066] 2401. First input port, 2402. Second input port, 2403. Third input port, 2404 Fourth input port, 2501. First output port, 2502. Second output port, 2503. Third output port, 2504. Fourth output port. Detailed implementation manners

[0067] To make the invention purpose, implementation method and implementation function of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below in combination with the detailed implementation manners and the drawings.

[0068] The technical indicators adopted in this embodiment are as follows:

[0069] Frequency range: 4.5 GHz to 7 GHz

[0070] Return loss: > 10 dB;

[0071] Isolation: > 10 dB;

[0072] Amplitude of output port: -6 ± 1 dB

[0073] Phase difference of output port when input at port 1: Variation in the range of 0° to 90°;

[0074] Phase difference of output port when input at port 2: Variation in the range of 180° to 270°;

[0075] Phase difference of output port when input at port 3: Variation in the range of 90° to 180°;

[0076] Phase difference of output port when input at port 4: Variation in the range of 270° to 360°.

[0077] Such as Figure 1As shown, a broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable phase and flatness between output ports, including a first open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter line 01, a second open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter line 02, a third open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter line 03, a fourth open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter line 04, a fifth open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter line 05, a sixth open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter line 06, a seventh open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter line 07, an eighth open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter line 08, a first three-branch directional coupler 09, a second three-branch directional coupler 10, a third three-branch directional coupler 11, a fourth three-branch directional coupler 12, a first four-branch directional coupler 13, a second four-branch directional coupler 14, a first connection line 15, a second connection line 16, a third connection line 17, a first adjustable phase shifter 18, a second adjustable phase shifter 19, a third adjustable phase shifter 20, a fourth adjustable phase shifter 21, a fifth adjustable phase shifter 22, a sixth adjustable phase shifter 23, an input port 24, and an output port 25;

[0078] The first open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter line 01 includes a first open line 0101, a first short circuit line 0102, a second open line 0103, a second short circuit line 0104, and a first meandering transmission line 0105; the second open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter line 02 has the same structure as the first open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter line 01; the third open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter line 03 has the same structure as the first open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter line 01; the fourth open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter line 04 includes a third open line 0401, a third short circuit line 0402, a fourth open line 0403, a fourth short circuit line 0404, and a second meandering transmission line 0405; the fifth open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter line 05 has the same structure as the fourth open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter line 04; the sixth open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter line 06 includes a fifth open line 0601, a fifth short circuit line 0602, a sixth open line 0603, a sixth short circuit line 0604, and a third meandering transmission line 0605; the seventh open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter line 07 includes a seventh open line 0701, a seventh short circuit line 0702, an eighth open line 0703, an eighth short circuit line 0704, and a fourth meandering transmission line 075; the eighth open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter line 08 includes a ninth open line 0801, a ninth short circuit line 0802, a tenth open line 0803, a tenth short circuit line 0804, and a fifth meandering transmission line 0805;

[0079] The first three-branch directional coupler 09 includes a first low-impedance horizontal microstrip line 0901, a second low-impedance horizontal microstrip line 0902, a first high-impedance vertical microstrip line 0903, a second high-impedance vertical microstrip line 0904, and a first low-impedance vertical microstrip line 0905; the second three-branch directional coupler 10 has the same structure as the first three-branch directional coupler 09; the third three-branch directional coupler 11 includes a third low-impedance horizontal microstrip line 1101, a fourth low-impedance horizontal microstrip line 1102, a third high-impedance vertical microstrip line 1103, a fourth high-impedance vertical microstrip line 1104, and a second low-impedance vertical microstrip line 1105; the fourth three-branch directional coupler 12 has the same structure as the third three-branch directional coupler 11;

[0080] The first four-branch directional coupler 13 includes a first low-impedance horizontal microstrip line 1301, a second low-impedance horizontal microstrip line 1302, a first high-impedance vertical microstrip line 1303, a second high-impedance vertical microstrip line 1304, a third high-impedance vertical microstrip line 1305, and a fourth high-impedance vertical microstrip line 1306; the second four-branch directional coupler 14 has the same structure as the first four-branch directional coupler 13;

[0081] The first connection line 15 includes a first vertical 50-ohm transmission line 1501, a second vertical 50-ohm transmission line 1502, a first horizontal 50-ohm transmission line 1503, and a second horizontal 50-ohm transmission line 1504; the second connection line 16 includes a first vertical 50-ohm transmission line 1601, a second vertical 50-ohm transmission line 1602, a first horizontal 50-ohm transmission line 1603, and a second horizontal 50-ohm transmission line 1604; the third connection line 17 is a section of horizontal 50-ohm transmission line;

[0082] The first adjustable phase shifter 18 includes a first parallel-coupled line 1801, a first floor groove 1802, a second floor groove 1803, a third floor groove 1804, a fourth floor groove 1805, a fifth floor groove 1806, a first varactor diode 1807, a second varactor diode 1808, a first shorting pin 1809, a second shorting pin 1810, a third shorting pin 1811, a fourth shorting pin 1812, a fifth shorting pin 1813, a sixth shorting pin 1814, a first bonding pad 1815, a second bonding pad 1816, a third bonding pad 1817, a fourth bonding pad 1818, a first blocking capacitor 1819, a second blocking capacitor 1820, a first bias resistor 1821, a second bias resistor 1822, a first DC power supply 1823, and a second DC power supply 1824; the second adjustable phase shifter 19, the third adjustable phase shifter 20, the fourth adjustable phase shifter 21, the fifth adjustable phase shifter 22, and the sixth adjustable phase shifter 23 all have the same structure as the first adjustable phase shifter 18;

[0083] The input port 24 includes a first input port 2401, a second input port 2402, a third input port 2403, and a fourth input port 2404; the output port 25 includes a first output port 2501, a second output port 2502, a third output port 2503, and a fourth output port 2504;

[0084] The first input port 2401 is connected to the upper left end of the first four-branch directional coupler 13; the upper right end of the first four-branch directional coupler 13 is connected to the left end of the first open short-circuit line loaded phase shifter 01; the right end of the first open short-circuit line loaded phase shifter 01 is connected to the left end of the second open short-circuit line loaded phase shifter 02; the right end of the second open short-circuit line loaded phase shifter 02 is connected to the left end of the third open short-circuit line loaded phase shifter 03; the right end of the third open short-circuit line loaded phase shifter 03 is connected to the first output port 2501;

[0085] The second input port 2402 is connected to the upper left end of the second three-branch directional coupler 10; the upper right end of the second three-branch directional coupler 10 is connected to the left end of the first connection line 15; the right end of the first phase shifter 15 is connected to the lower left end of the first four-branch directional coupler 13; the lower right end of the first three-branch directional coupler 13 is connected to the upper end of the first adjustable phase shifter 18; the lower end of the first adjustable phase shifter 18 is connected to the upper left end of the first three-branch directional coupler 09; the upper right end of the first three-branch directional coupler 09 is connected to the left end of the fourth open short-circuit line loaded phase shifter 04; the right end of the fourth open short-circuit line loaded phase shifter 04 is connected to the left end of the fifth open short-circuit line loaded phase shifter 05; the right end of the fifth open short-circuit line loaded phase shifter 05 is connected to the second output port 2502;

[0086] The third input port 2403 is connected to the upper left end of the fourth three-branch directional coupler 12; the upper right end of the fourth three-branch coupler 4 is connected to the lower left end of the second three-branch directional coupler 10; the lower right end of the second three-branch directional coupler 10 is connected to the upper end of the fourth adjustable phase shifter 21; the lower end of the fourth adjustable phase shifter 21 is connected to the left end of the seventh open short-circuit line loaded phase shifter 07; the right end of the seventh open short-circuit line loaded phase shifter 07 is connected to the upper left end of the second four-branch directional coupler 14; the upper right end of the second four-branch directional coupler 14 is connected to the lower left end of the first three-branch directional coupler 09; the lower right port of the first three-branch directional coupler 09 is connected to the upper end of the second adjustable phase shifter 19; the lower end of the second adjustable phase shifter 19 is connected to the upper left end of the third three-branch directional coupler 11; the upper right end of the third three-branch directional coupler 11 is connected to the left end of the sixth open short-circuit line loaded phase shifter 06; the right end of the sixth open short-circuit line loaded phase shifter 07 is connected to the third output 2503;

[0087] The fourth input port 2404 is connected to the lower left end of the fourth three-branch directional coupler 12; the lower right end of the fourth three-branch directional coupler 4 is connected to the upper end of the fifth adjustable phase shifter 22; the lower end of the fifth adjustable phase shifter 22 is connected to the left end of the eighth open / short-circuit line-loaded phase line 08; the right end of the eighth open / short-circuit line-loaded phase line 08 is connected to the lower left end of the second four-branch directional coupler 14; the lower right end of the second four-branch directional coupler 14 is connected to the upper end of the sixth adjustable phase shifter 23; the lower end of the sixth adjustable phase shifter 23 is connected to the left end of the second connection line 16; the right end of the second connection line 16 is connected to the lower left end of the third three-branch directional coupler 11; the lower right end of the third three-branch directional coupler 11 is connected to the upper end of the third adjustable phase shifter 20; the lower end of the third adjustable phase shifter 20 is connected to the left end of the third connection line 17; the right end of the third connection line 17 is connected to the fourth output port 2504.

[0088] The coupling degrees of the first three-branch directional coupler 09 and the second three-branch directional coupler 10 are 1.76 dB; the coupling degrees of the third three-branch directional coupler 11 and the fourth three-branch directional coupler 12 are 3 dB; the coupling degrees of the first four-branch directional coupler 13 and the second four-branch directional coupler 14 are 1.25 dB.

[0089] The phase shift values of the first open / short-circuit line-loaded phase line 01, the second open / short-circuit line-loaded phase line 02, the third open / short-circuit line-loaded phase line 03, the fourth open / short-circuit line-loaded phase line 04, the fifth open / short-circuit line-loaded phase line 05, and the sixth open / short-circuit line-loaded phase line 06 are all 360°; the phase shift value of the seventh open / short-circuit line-loaded phase line 07 is 180°; the phase shift value of the eighth open / short-circuit line-loaded phase line 08 is 450°; the phase shift values of the first connection line 15 and the second connection line 16 are 360°, and the phase shift value of the third connection line 17 is 180°; the phase shift ranges of the first adjustable phase shifter 18, the second adjustable phase shifter 19, the third adjustable phase shifter 20, the fourth adjustable phase shifter 21, the fifth adjustable phase shifter 22, and the sixth adjustable phase shifter 23 are all from 0° to 90°.

[0090] The first open line 0101 and the second open line 0102 have the same size; the first short line 0103 and the second short line 0104 have the same size; the first open line 0101 and the first short line 0102 have different electrical lengths and the same impedance. The impedances of the first open line 0101, the first short line 0102, the second open line 0103, and the second short line 0104 are slightly greater than 50 ohms. The electrical length of the first open line 0101 is greater than 45°. The sum of the electrical lengths of the first open line 0101 and the first short line 0102 is 90°. The impedance of the first meandering transmission line 0105 is slightly greater than 50 ohms and the electrical length is 360°; the third open line 0401 and the fourth open line 0402 have the same size, the third short line 0403 and the fourth short line 0404 have the same size, the third open line 0401 and the third short line 0403 have the same impedance and different electrical lengths. The impedances of the third open line 0401, the third short line 0402, the fourth open line 0403, and the fourth short line 0404 are all greater than 50 ohms. The electrical length of the third open line 0401 is greater than 45°. The sum of the electrical lengths of the third open line 0101 and the third short line 0102 is 90°. The impedance of the second meandering transmission line 0405 is slightly greater than 50 ohms and the electrical length is 360°; the fifth open line 0601 and the sixth open line 0602 have the same size, the fifth short line 0603 and the sixth short line 0604 have the same size, the fifth open line 0601 and the fifth short line 0603 have the same impedance and different electrical lengths. The impedances of the fifth open line 0601, the fifth short line 0602, the sixth open line 0603, and the sixth short line 0604 are slightly greater than 50 ohms. The electrical length of the fifth open line 0601 is less than 45°. The sum of the electrical lengths of the fifth open line 0601 and the fifth short line 0602 is 90°. The impedance of the third meandering transmission line 0605 is slightly greater than 50 ohms and the electrical length is 360°; the seventh open line 0701 and the eighth open line 0702 have the same size, the seventh short line 0703 and the eighth short line 0704 have the same size, the seventh open line 0701 and the seventh short line 0703 have the same impedance and different electrical lengths. The impedances of the seventh open line 0701, the seventh short line 0702, the eighth open line 0703, and the eighth short line 0704 are greater than 50 ohms. The electrical length of the seventh open line 0701 is greater than 45°. The sum of the electrical lengths of the seventh open line 0701 and the seventh short line 0702 is 90°. The impedance of the fourth meandering transmission line 0705 is slightly greater than 50 ohms and the electrical length is 180°;The ninth open line 0801 and the tenth open line 0802 have the same size, the ninth short line 0803 and the tenth short line 0804 have the same size, the ninth open line 0801 and the ninth short line 0803 have the same impedance but different electrical lengths, the impedances of the ninth open line 0801, the ninth short line 0802, the tenth open line 0803, and the tenth short line 0804 are greater than 50 ohms, the electrical length of the ninth open line 0801 is greater than 45°, the sum of the electrical lengths of the ninth open line 0701 and the ninth short line 0802 is 90°, the impedance of the fifth meandering transmission line 0805 is slightly greater than 50 ohms, and the electrical length is 450°.

[0091] By adopting the first three-branch directional coupler 09, the second three-branch directional coupler 10, the third three-branch directional coupler 11, the fourth three-branch directional coupler 12, the first four-branch directional coupler 13, and the second four-branch directional coupler 14, good impedance matching performance within a wide frequency band can be achieved; by simultaneously adjusting the bias voltages of the varactor diodes in the first adjustable phase shifter 18, the second adjustable phase shifter 19, the third adjustable phase shifter 20, the fourth adjustable phase shifter 21, the fifth adjustable phase shifter 22, and the sixth adjustable phase shifter 23, and switching different input ports, the phase difference between the output ports can be varied within the range of 0 to 360°; by the first open-short line loaded phase shifter 01, the second open-short line loaded phase shifter 02, the third open-short line loaded phase shifter 03, the fourth open-short line loaded phase shifter 04, the fifth open-short line loaded phase shifter 05, the sixth open-short line loaded phase shifter 06, the seventh open-short line loaded phase shifter 07, and the eighth open-short line loaded phase shifter 08, a flat phase difference between the output ports within a wide frequency band can be obtained.

[0092] As the phase shift values of the first adjustable phase shifter 18, the second adjustable phase shifter 19, the third adjustable phase shifter 20, the fourth adjustable phase shifter 21, the fifth adjustable phase shifter 22, and the sixth adjustable phase shifter 23 change simultaneously from 90° to 0°, when the first input port 2401 is excited, the phase difference between the second output port 2502 and the first output port 2502, the phase between the third output port 2503 and the second output port 2502, and the phase difference between the fourth output port 2504 and the third output port 2503 can vary in the range of 0° to 90°; when the second input port 2402 is excited, the phase difference between the second output port 2502 and the first output port 2502, the phase between the third output port 2503 and the second output port 2502, and the phase difference between the fourth output port 2504 and the third output port 2503 can vary in the range of 180° to 270°; when the third input port 2403 is excited, the phase difference between the second output port 2502 and the first output port 2502, the phase between the third output port 2503 and the second output port 2502, and the phase difference between the fourth output port 2504 and the third output port 2503 can vary in the range of 90° to 180°; when the fourth input port 2404 is excited, the phase difference between the second output port 2502 and the first output port 2502, the phase between the third output port 2503 and the second output port 2502, and the phase difference between the fourth output port 2504 and the third output port 2503 can vary in the range of 270° to 360°.

[0093] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

[0094] The S-parameter matrices of the first three-way directional coupler 09 and the second three-way directional coupler 10 can be expressed as:

[0095]

[0096] The S-parameter matrices of the third three-way directional coupler 11 and the fourth three-way directional coupler 12 can be expressed as:

[0097]

[0098] The S-parameter matrices of the first four-way directional coupler 13 and the second four-way directional coupler 14 can be expressed as:

[0099]

[0100] The first open stub loaded phase shifter line 01, the second open stub loaded phase shifter line 02, the third open stub loaded phase shifter line 03, the fourth open stub loaded phase shifter line 04, the fifth open stub loaded phase shifter line 05, the sixth open stub loaded phase shifter line 06, the first connection line 15 and the second connection line 16 have no influence on the amplitude and the phase of the center frequency of the output signal. Let the phase shift values of the first adjustable phase shifter 18, the second adjustable phase shifter 19, the third adjustable phase shifter 20, the fourth adjustable phase shifter 21, the fifth adjustable phase shifter 22 and the sixth adjustable phase shifter 23 be variables α. The first input port 2401 is port 1, the second input port 2402 is port 2, the third input port 2403 is port 3, the fourth input port 2404 is port 4, the first output port 2501 is port 5, the second output port 2502 is port 6, the third output port 2503 is port 7, and the fourth output port 2504 is port 8. Then, the S parameters representing the input-output relationship of the broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phase between the output ports can be expressed as:

[0101]

[0102]

[0103]

[0104]

[0105]

[0106]

[0107]

[0108]

[0109]

[0110]

[0111]

[0112]

[0113]

[0114]

[0115]

[0116]

[0117] From the above equations, it can be obtained that the amplitudes of the output ports are equal when different input ports are input, and the phase difference between the output ports can be expressed as:

[0118] ∠S 61 -∠S 51 =∠S 71 -∠S 61 =∠S 81 -∠S 71 =90° - α

[0119] ∠S 62 -∠S 52 =∠S 72 -∠S 62 =∠S 82 -∠S 72 =270° - α

[0120] ∠S 63 -∠S 53 =∠S 73 -∠S 63 =∠S 83 -∠S 73 =180° - α

[0121] ∠S 64 -∠S 54 =∠S 74 -∠S 64 =∠S 84 -∠S 74 =360° - α

[0122] As can be seen from the above equations, as the phase shift values of the first adjustable phase shifter 18, the second adjustable phase shifter 19, the third adjustable phase shifter 20, the fourth adjustable phase shifter 21, the fifth adjustable phase shifter 22, and the sixth adjustable phase shifter 23 simultaneously change from 90° to 0°, when the first input port 2401 is excited, the phase difference between the second output port 2502 and the first output port 2502, the phase between the third output port 2503 and the second output port 2502, and the phase difference between the fourth output port 2504 and the third output port 2503 can achieve a change in the range of 0° to 90°; when the second input port 2402 is excited, the phase difference between the second output port 2502 and the first output port 2502, the phase between the third output port 2503 and the second output port 2502, and the phase difference between the fourth output port 2504 and the third output port 2503 can achieve a change in the range of 180° to 270°; when the third input port 2403 is excited, the phase difference between the second output port 2502 and the first output port 2502, the phase between the third output port 2503 and the second output port 2502, and the phase difference between the fourth output port 2504 and the third output port 2503 can achieve a change in the range of 90° to 180°; when the fourth input port 2404 is excited, the phase difference between the second output port 2502 and the first output port 2502, the phase between the third output port 2503 and the second output port 2502, and the phase difference between the fourth output port 2504 and the third output port 2503 can achieve a change in the range of 270° to 360°.

[0123] The frequency-phase shift relationship of the open-short-circuit line loaded phase shifter can be expressed as:

[0124]

[0125] Where

[0126]

[0127] In the formula, θ 11 and Z 11 are the length and impedance of the meandering transmission line, θ1 is the length of the open circuit line, Z1 is the impedance of the open-short circuit line, and f0 is the center frequency. It can be seen that θf0 = θ 11 , that is, the size of the open-short circuit line does not affect the phase shift value at the center frequency, but can change the slope of the frequency-phase shift relationship curve of the open-short circuit line loaded phase shifter within the working frequency band.

[0128] Figures 14 - 23 The result curve of the matrix is given. As Figure 14As shown, regardless of which port is used for input, the return losses |S11|, |S22|, |S33|, and |S44| are all less than -10 dB in the range of 5 GHz to 6.6 GHz, and the impedance matching bandwidth can reach 27.6%. This indicates that each input port has good matching characteristics and a relatively wide impedance bandwidth.

[0129] As Figure 15 shown, the isolation degrees |S21|, |S31|, |S32|, |S41|, |S42|, and |S43| are all less than -10 dB in the range of 5 GHz to 6.6 GHz, and the isolation bandwidth can reach 27.6%. This indicates that there is good isolation performance between any two input ports.

[0130] As Figure 16 shown, when the first input port is used for input, the amplitudes of the output ports |S51|, |S61|, |S71|, and |S81| are all around -7 dB in the range of 5.1 GHz to 6.5 GHz, and the amplitude imbalance is less than 1 dB. The 1 dB amplitude error bandwidth can reach 24.1%. This indicates that the amplitude flatness of each output port is good when the first input port is used for input.

[0131] As Figure 17 shown, when the second input port is used for input, the amplitudes of the output ports |S51|, |S61|, |S71|, and |S81| are all around -7 dB in the range of 5.1 GHz to 6.5 GHz, and the amplitude imbalance is less than 1 dB. The 1 dB amplitude error bandwidth can reach 24.1%. This indicates that the amplitude flatness of each output port is

[0132] As described above, it is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phase between output ports, characterized in that: Including: The first open-short-circuit line loaded phase-shifting line (01), the second open-short-circuit line loaded phase-shifting line (02), the third open-short-circuit line loaded phase-shifting line (03), the fourth open-short-circuit line loaded phase-shifting line (04), the fifth open-short-circuit line loaded phase-shifting line (05), the sixth open-short-circuit line loaded phase-shifting line (06), the seventh open-short-circuit line loaded phase-shifting line (07), the eighth open-short-circuit line loaded phase-shifting line (08), the first three-branch directional coupler (09), the second three-branch directional coupler (10), the third three-branch directional coupler (11), the fourth three-branch directional coupler (12), the first four-branch directional coupler (13), the second four-branch directional coupler (14), the first connection line (15), the second connection line (16), the third connection line (17), the first adjustable phase shifter (18), the second adjustable phase shifter (19), the third adjustable phase shifter (20), the fourth adjustable phase shifter (21), the fifth adjustable phase shifter (22), the sixth adjustable phase shifter (23), the input port (24) and the output port (25); The first open-short-circuit line loaded phase-shifting line (01) includes a first open line (0101), a first short circuit line (0102), a second open line (0103), a second short circuit line (0104) and a first serpentine transmission line (0105); the second open-short-circuit line loaded phase-shifting line (02) has the same structure as the first open-short-circuit line loaded phase-shifting line (01); the third open-short-circuit line loaded phase-shifting line (03) has the same structure as the first open-short-circuit line loaded phase-shifting line (01); the fourth open-short-circuit line loaded phase-shifting line (04) includes a third open line (0401), a third short circuit line (0402), a fourth open line (0403), a fourth short circuit line (0404) and a second serpentine transmission line (0405); the fifth open-short-circuit line loaded phase-shifting line (05) has the same structure as the fourth open-short-circuit line loaded phase-shifting line (04); the sixth open-short-circuit line loaded phase-shifting line (06) includes a fifth open line (0601), a fifth short circuit line (0602), a sixth open line (0603), a sixth short circuit line (0604) and a third serpentine transmission line (0605); the seventh open-short-circuit line loaded phase-shifting line (07) includes a seventh open line (0701), a seventh short circuit line (0702), an eighth open line (0703), an eighth short circuit line (0704) and a fourth serpentine transmission line (075); the eighth open-short-circuit line loaded phase-shifting line (08) includes a ninth open line (0801), a ninth short circuit line (0802), a tenth open line (0803), a tenth short circuit line (0804) and a fifth serpentine transmission line (0805); The first three-branch directional coupler (09) includes a first low-impedance horizontal microstrip line (0901), a second low-impedance horizontal microstrip line (0902), a first high-impedance vertical microstrip line (0903), a second high-impedance vertical microstrip line (0904), and a first low-impedance vertical microstrip line (0905); the second three-branch directional coupler (10) has the same structure as the first three-branch directional coupler (09); the third three-branch directional coupler (11) includes a third low-impedance horizontal microstrip line (1101), a fourth low-impedance horizontal microstrip line (1102), a third high-impedance vertical microstrip line (1103), a fourth high-impedance vertical microstrip line (1104), and a second low-impedance vertical microstrip line (1105); the fourth three-branch directional coupler (12) has the same structure as the third three-branch directional coupler (11). The first four-branch directional coupler (13) includes a first low-impedance horizontal microstrip line (1301), a second low-impedance horizontal microstrip line (1302), a first high-impedance vertical microstrip line (1303), a second high-impedance vertical microstrip line (1304), a third high-impedance vertical microstrip line (1305), and a fourth high-impedance vertical microstrip line (1306); the second four-branch directional coupler (14) has the same structure as the first four-branch directional coupler (13). The first connection line (15) includes a first vertical 50-ohm transmission line (1501), a second vertical 50-ohm transmission line (1502), a first horizontal 50-ohm transmission line (1503), and a second horizontal 50-ohm transmission line (1504); the second connection line (16) includes a first vertical 50-ohm transmission line (1601), a second vertical 50-ohm transmission line (1602), a first horizontal 50-ohm transmission line (1603), and a second horizontal 50-ohm transmission line (1604); the third connection line (17) is a section of horizontal 50-ohm transmission line. The first adjustable phase shifter (18) includes a first parallel coupled line (1801), a first floor slot (1802), a second floor slot (1803), a third floor slot (1804), a fourth floor slot (1805), a fifth floor slot (1806), a first varactor diode (1807), a second varactor diode (1808), a first shorting pin (1809), a second shorting pin (1810), a third shorting pin (1811), a fourth shorting pin (1812), a fifth shorting pin (1813), a sixth shorting pin (1814), a first welding pad (1815), a second welding pad (1816), a third welding pad (1817), a fourth welding pad (1818), a first DC blocking capacitor (1819), a second DC blocking capacitor (1820), a first bias resistor (1821), a second bias resistor (1822), a first DC power supply (1823), and a second DC power supply (1824); the second adjustable phase shifter (19), the third adjustable phase shifter (20), the fourth adjustable phase shifter (21), the fifth adjustable phase shifter (22), and the sixth adjustable phase shifter (23) all have the same structure as the first adjustable phase shifter (18); The input port (24) includes a first input port (2401), a second input port (2402), a third input port (2403), and a fourth input port (2404); the output port (25) includes a first output port (2501), a second output port (2502), a third output port (2503), and a fourth output port (2504); The first input port (2401) is connected to the upper left end of the first four-branch directional coupler (13); the upper right end of the first four-branch directional coupler (13) is connected to the left end of the first open-shorted line loaded phase shifter line (01); the right end of the first open-shorted line loaded phase shifter line (01) is connected to the left end of the second open-shorted line loaded phase shifter line (02); the right end of the second open-shorted line loaded phase shifter line (02) is connected to the left end of the third open-shorted line loaded phase shifter line (03); the right end of the third open-shorted line loaded phase shifter line (03) is connected to the first output port (2501); The second input port (2402) is connected to the upper left end of the second three-branch directional coupler (10); the upper right end of the second three-branch directional coupler (10) is connected to the left end of the first connection line (15); the right end of the first connection line (15) is connected to the lower left end of the first four-branch directional coupler (13); the lower right end of the first three-branch directional coupler (13) is connected to the upper end of the first adjustable phase shifter (18); the lower end of the first adjustable phase shifter (18) is connected to the upper left end of the first three-branch directional coupler (09); the upper right end of the first three-branch directional coupler (09) is connected to the left end of the fourth open / short-circuited line-loaded phase shifter line (04); the right end of the fourth open / short-circuited line-loaded phase shifter line (04) is connected to the left end of the fifth open / short-circuited line-loaded phase shifter line (05); the right end of the fifth open / short-circuited line-loaded phase shifter line (05) is connected to the second output port (2502). The third input port (2403) is connected to the upper left end of the fourth three-branch directional coupler (12); the upper right end of the fourth three-branch directional coupler (4) is connected to the lower left end of the second three-branch directional coupler (10); the lower right end of the second three-branch directional coupler (10) is connected to the upper end of the fourth adjustable phase shifter (21); the lower end of the fourth adjustable phase shifter (21) is connected to the left end of the seventh open / short-circuited line-loaded phase shifter line (07); the right end of the seventh open / short-circuited line-loaded phase shifter line (07) is connected to the upper left end of the second four-branch directional coupler (14); the upper right end of the second four-branch directional coupler (14) is connected to the lower left end of the first three-branch directional coupler (09); the lower right port of the first three-branch directional coupler (09) is connected to the upper end of the second adjustable phase shifter (19); the lower end of the second adjustable phase shifter (19) is connected to the upper left end of the third three-branch directional coupler (11); the upper right end of the third three-branch directional coupler (11) is connected to the left end of the sixth open / short-circuited line-loaded phase shifter line (06); the right end of the sixth open / short-circuited line-loaded phase shifter line (07) is connected to the third output terminal (2503). The fourth input port (2404) is connected to the lower left end of the fourth three-branch directional coupler (12); the lower right end of the fourth three-branch directional coupler (4) is connected to the upper end of the fifth adjustable phase shifter (22); the lower end of the fifth adjustable phase shifter (22) is connected to the left end of the eighth open / short line-loaded phase line (08); the right end of the eighth open / short line-loaded phase line (08) is connected to the lower left end of the second four-branch directional coupler (14); the lower right end of the second four-branch directional coupler (14) is connected to the upper end of the sixth adjustable phase shifter (23); the lower end of the sixth adjustable phase shifter (23) is connected to the left end of the second connecting line (16); the right end of the second connecting line (16) is connected to the lower left end of the third three-branch directional coupler (11); the lower right end of the third three-branch directional coupler (11) is connected to the upper end of the third adjustable phase shifter (20); the lower end of the third adjustable phase shifter (20) is connected to the left end of the third connecting line (17); the right end of the third connecting line (17) is connected to the fourth output port (2504).

2. The broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable phase and flatness between output ports according to claim 1, wherein: Broadband equal-amplitude output is obtained by using the first three-branch directional coupler (09), the second three-branch directional coupler (10), the third three-branch directional coupler (11), the fourth three-branch directional coupler (12), the first four-branch directional coupler (13), and the second four-branch directional coupler (14); the phase difference between output ports can be adjusted within the range of 0° to 360° by simultaneously adjusting the bias voltages of the varactor diodes in the first adjustable phase shifter (18), the second adjustable phase shifter (19), the third adjustable phase shifter (20), the fourth adjustable phase shifter (21), the fifth adjustable phase shifter (22), and the sixth adjustable phase shifter (23) and combining with the switching of different input ports; the in-band flat phase is maintained when the phase difference between output ports changes by using the first open / short line-loaded phase line (01), the second open / short line-loaded phase line (02), the third open / short line-loaded phase line (03), the fourth open / short line-loaded phase line (04), the fifth open / short line-loaded phase line (05), the sixth open / short line-loaded phase line (06), the seventh open / short line-loaded phase line (07), and the eighth open / short line-loaded phase line (08).

3. The broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable phase and flatness between output ports according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coupling degrees of the first three-branch directional coupler (09) and the second three-branch directional coupler (10) are 1.76 dB; the coupling degrees of the third three-branch directional coupler (11) and the fourth three-branch directional coupler (12) are 3 dB; the coupling degrees of the first four-branch directional coupler (13) and the second four-branch directional coupler (14) are 1.25 dB.

4. The broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable phase and flatness between output ports according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase shift values of the first open / short line-loaded phase line (01), the second open / short line-loaded phase line (02), the third open / short line-loaded phase line (03), the fourth open / short line-loaded phase line (04), the fifth open / short line-loaded phase line (05), and the sixth open / short line-loaded phase line (06) are all 360°; the phase shift value of the seventh open / short line-loaded phase line (07) is 180°; The phase shift value of the eighth-open short-circuit line-loaded phase-shifting line (08) is 450°; the phase shift values of the first connection line (15) and the second connection line (16) are 360°, and the phase shift value of the third connection line (17) is 180°; the phase shift ranges of the first adjustable phase shifter (18), the second adjustable phase shifter (19), the third adjustable phase shifter (20), the fourth adjustable phase shifter (21), the fifth adjustable phase shifter (22) and the sixth adjustable phase shifter (23) are all 0° to 90°; Let the phase shift values of the first adjustable phase shifter (18), the second adjustable phase shifter (19), the third adjustable phase shifter (20), the fourth adjustable phase shifter (21), the fifth adjustable phase shifter (22) and the sixth adjustable phase shifter (23) be the variable α, the first input port (2401) be port 1, the second input port (2402) be port 2, the third input port (2403) be port 3, the fourth input port (2404) be port 4, the first output port (2501) be port 5, the second output port (2502) be port 6, the third output port (2503) be port 7, and the fourth output port (2504) be port 8. Then, the S-parameters representing the input-output relationship of the broadband Nolen matrix with adjustable and flat phase between the output ports are as follows: The phase difference between the output ports is expressed as: ∠S 61 -∠S 51 =∠S 71 -∠S 61 =∠S 81 -∠S 71 =90° - α ∠S 62 -∠S 52 =∠S 72 -∠S 62 =∠S 82 -∠S 72 =270° - α ∠S 63 -∠S 53 =∠S 73 -∠S 63 =∠S 83 -∠S 73 =180° - α ∠S 64 -∠S 54 =∠S 74 -∠S 64 =∠S 84 -∠S 74 =360° - α With the phase shift values of the first adjustable phase shifter (18), the second adjustable phase shifter (19), the third adjustable phase shifter (20), the fourth adjustable phase shifter (21), the fifth adjustable phase shifter (22) and the sixth adjustable phase shifter (23) changing simultaneously from 90° to 0°, when the first input port (2401) is excited, the phase difference between the second output port (2502) and the first output port (2502), the phase between the third output port (2503) and the second output port (2502), and the phase difference between the fourth output port (2504) and the third output port (2503) change in the range of 0° to 90°; when the second input port (2402) is excited, the phase difference between the second output port (2502) and the first output port (2502), the phase between the third output port (2503) and the second output port (2502), and the phase difference between the fourth output port (2504) and the third output port (2503) change in the range of 180° to 270°; when the third input port (2403) is excited, the phase difference between the second output port (2502) and the first output port (2502), the phase between the third output port (2503) and the second output port (2502), and the phase difference between the fourth output port (2504) and the third output port (2503) change in the range of 90° to 180°; when the fourth input port (2404) is excited, the phase difference between the second output port (2502) and the first output port (2502), the phase between the third output port (2503) and the second output port (2502), and the phase difference between the fourth output port (2504) and the third output port (2503) change in the range of 270° to 360°.

5. The broadband 4×4 Nolen matrix with adjustable phase and flatness between output ports according to claim 1, wherein: The first open circuit line (0101) and the second open circuit line (0102) have the same size; the first short circuit line (0103) and the second short circuit line (0104) have the same size; the first open circuit line (0101) and the first short circuit line (0102) have different electrical lengths but the same impedance. The impedances of the first open circuit line (0101), the first short circuit line (0102), the second open circuit line (0103), and the second short circuit line (0104) are greater than 50 ohms. The electrical length of the first open circuit line (0101) is greater than 45°. The sum of the electrical lengths of the first open circuit line (0101) and the first short circuit line (0102) is 90°. The impedance of the first meandering transmission line (0105) is greater than 50 ohms and the electrical length is 360°; the third open circuit line (0401) and the fourth open circuit line (0402) have the same size, the third short circuit line (0403) and the fourth short circuit line (0404) have the same size, the third open circuit line (0401) and the third short circuit line (0403) have the same impedance but different electrical lengths. The impedances of the third open circuit line (0401), the third short circuit line (0402), the fourth open circuit line (0403), and the fourth short circuit line (0404) are all greater than 50 ohms. The electrical length of the third open circuit line (0401) is greater than 45°. The sum of the electrical lengths of the third open circuit line (0101) and the third short circuit line (0102) is 90°. The impedance of the second meandering transmission line (0405) is slightly greater than 50 ohms and the electrical length is 360°; the fifth open circuit line (0601) and the sixth open circuit line (0602) have the same size, the fifth short circuit line (0603) and the sixth short circuit line (0604) have the same size, the fifth open circuit line (0601) and the fifth short circuit line (0603) have the same impedance but different electrical lengths. The impedances of the fifth open circuit line (0601), the fifth short circuit line (0602), the sixth open circuit line (0603), and the sixth short circuit line (0604) are greater than 50 ohms. The electrical length of the fifth open circuit line (0601) is less than 45°. The sum of the electrical lengths of the fifth open circuit line (0601) and the fifth short circuit line (0602) is 90°. The impedance of the third meandering transmission line (0605) is greater than 50 ohms and the electrical length is 360°; the seventh open circuit line (0701) and the eighth open circuit line (0702) have the same size, the seventh short circuit line (0703) and the eighth short circuit line (0704) have the same size, the seventh open circuit line (0701) and the seventh short circuit line (0703) have the same impedance but different electrical lengths. The impedances of the seventh open circuit line (0701), the seventh short circuit line (0702), the eighth open circuit line (0703), and the eighth short circuit line (0704) are greater than 50 ohms. The electrical length of the seventh open circuit line (0701) is greater than 45°. The sum of the electrical lengths of the seventh open circuit line (0701) and the seventh short circuit line (0702) is 90°. The impedance of the fourth meandering transmission line (0705) is greater than 50 ohms and the electrical length is 180°;The ninth open line (0801) and the tenth open line (0802) have the same size, the ninth short line (0803) and the tenth short line (0804) have the same size, the ninth open line (0801) and the ninth short line (0803) have the same impedance but different electrical lengths, the impedances of the ninth open line (0801), the ninth short line (0802), the tenth open line (0803), and the tenth short line (0804) are greater than 50 ohms, the electrical length of the ninth open line (0801) is greater than 45°, the sum of the electrical lengths of the ninth open line (0701) and the ninth short line (0802) is 90°, the impedance of the fifth meandering transmission line (0805) is slightly greater than 50 ohms, and the electrical length is 450°; The frequency-phase shift relationship of the open / short-circuit line loaded phase shifter is expressed as: Where where θ 11 and Z 11 are the length and impedance of the serpentine transmission line, θ1 is the length of the open circuit line, Z1 is the impedance of the open / short circuit line, f0 is the center frequency. When θ(f0) = θ 11 , that is, the size of the open / short circuit line does not affect the phase shift value at the center frequency. By changing the slope of the frequency-phase shift relationship of the open / short circuit line loaded with a phase shift line within the working frequency band, according to the different paths of the signal from different input ports to different output ports, let the first open / short circuit line loaded with a phase shift line (01), the second open / short circuit line loaded with a phase shift line (02), the third open / short circuit line loaded with a phase shift line (03), the fourth open / short circuit line loaded with a phase shift line (04), the fifth open / short circuit line loaded with a phase shift line (05), the sixth open / short circuit line loaded with a phase shift line (06), the seventh open / short circuit line loaded with a phase shift line (07), and the eighth open / short circuit line loaded with a phase shift line (08) each take appropriate values of Z 11 , θ 11 , Z1, and θ1 to obtain a flat phase difference between the output ports within the broadband range.

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