A two-stage fluidized flotation device and flotation method for wide-size particles

Abstract

The present invention relates to a two-stage fluidized flotation device and a flotation method for wide-size particles, belonging to the technical field of mineral sorting and recovery, and solving the problem that the fluidized flotation recovery technology for mineral particles in the prior art is too narrow in applicable sorting size and too low in recovery efficiency of all-size particles. The present invention comprises a first flotation column, a second flotation column, a first microbubble generator and a second microbubble generator, the first flotation column comprises a first flotation column body and a first fluid distributor, the second flotation column comprises a second flotation column and a second fluid distributor, the first flotation column body and the second flotation column body are concentrically arranged, the first fluid distributor and the second fluid distributor are respectively located at the lower ends of the first flotation column body and the second flotation column body, and the first microbubble generator and the second microbubble generator are respectively connected to the first fluid distributor and the second fluid distributor. The present invention has a simple structure and good sorting effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mineral separation and recovery, and in particular to a two-stage fluidized flotation device for wide-size particles and a flotation method. Background Art

[0002] Various types of metal, non-metallic minerals and their processed products play an irreplaceable role in the country's social development and national economic operation. The concentrate products after the sorting and enrichment of raw ores are the basic raw materials for a variety of processing and manufacturing industries. The efficient sorting and recovery of valuable components in ores is of great significance to my country's economic development.

[0003] Flotation is one of the most effective means of sorting and recovering granular minerals. Flotation is an interfacial sorting technology that selectively recovers target mineral particles based on the difference in hydrophobicity of the particle surface and with bubbles as flotation carriers. The full dissociation of valuable components in the ore is the basis for achieving selective recovery by flotation, but due to the fine embedded particle size of the target components, the particle size of the dissociated product in the traditional flotation process is often only tens of microns, which leads to excessive energy consumption in the ore dissociation and grinding process. At the same time, too many fine gangue particles can easily lead to the problem of fine mud entrainment in the flotation concentrate, resulting in low flotation efficiency.

[0004] Fluidized flotation of coarse particles is an effective way to alleviate the problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency of flotation. Fluidized flotation technology introduces rising water flow on the basis of traditional flotation, constructs a low-turbulence flow field environment suitable for coarse particle flotation, effectively expands the upper limit of particle floatability, and is an effective way to achieve flotation recovery of millimeter-level particles. However, in order to ensure the low turbulence characteristics of the flotation environment, existing fluidized flotation devices mostly use particle-bubble countercurrent collision mineralization technology, which can easily cause the effective collision between fine particles and bubbles to be too low; at the same time, in order to ensure a high recovery rate of coarse particles, the rising water flow rate is generally high, and it has almost no sorting effect on finer-grained mineral particles, resulting in a large amount of finer-grained gangue in the concentrate product, and the effective sorting particle size of the equipment is obviously too narrow. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above analysis, the embodiments of the present invention aim to provide a two-stage fluidized flotation device and flotation method for wide-size particles, so as to solve the problem that the existing fluidized flotation recovery technology for mineral particles is too narrow in applicable sorting size and the recovery efficiency of all-size particles is too low.

[0006] On the one hand, the present invention provides a two-stage fluidized flotation device for wide particle size, comprising a first flotation column, a second flotation column, a first microbubble generator and a second microbubble generator, the first flotation column comprising a first flotation column body and a first fluid distributor, the second flotation column comprising a second flotation column and a second fluid distributor, the first flotation column body and the second flotation column body are concentrically arranged, the first fluid distributor and the second fluid distributor are respectively located at the lower ends of the first flotation column and the second flotation column, the first microbubble generator and the second microbubble generator are respectively connected to the first fluid distributor and the second fluid distributor.

[0007] Furthermore, the first flotation column further comprises a first tailings dewatering cone, and the first fluid distributor is arranged between the first tailings dewatering cone and the first flotation column.

[0008] Furthermore, the first fluid distributor includes a first annular water tank and a first fluid distribution box, and the first fluid distribution box is arranged in the inner ring of the first annular water tank and is communicated with the first annular water tank.

[0009] Furthermore, the first fluid distribution box is provided in plurality, and the plurality of first fluid distribution boxes are arranged in parallel.

[0010] Furthermore, the second flotation column further comprises a second tailings dewatering cone, a second tailings discharge pipe and a feed distributor which are concentrically and sequentially connected.

[0011] Furthermore, the second fluid distributor is arranged between the second tailings dewatering cone and the second flotation column.

[0012] Furthermore, the lower end of the second flotation column and the feed distributor are both located inside the first flotation column.

[0013] Furthermore, the second flotation column also includes a second overflow trough and a water spraying component.

[0014] Furthermore, the velocity of the rising water flow in the first flotation column is greater than the velocity of the rising water flow in the second flotation column.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention provides a two-stage fluidized flotation method for wide-size particles, using the above-mentioned two-stage fluidized flotation device for wide-size particles, the steps comprising:

[0016] Step 1: injecting fluidized water and microbubbles into the first flotation column through the first microbubble generator to form a low turbulence flotation environment;

[0017] Step 2: After the first flotation column is filled with fluidized water, a wide-size flotation feed is injected into the second flotation column through a second microbubble generator to obtain a fine-grained concentrate product and feed for the first flotation column;

[0018] Step 3: The feed of the first flotation column is directly injected into the first flotation column, and the coarse particles of the hydrophobic target component in the feed adhere to the bubbles to form particle-bubble agglomerates, which float to the first overflow tank; the coarse-grained hydrophilic gangue particles in the feed sink to the first tailings dewatering cone to form coarse-grained tailings; the fine-grained hydrophilic gangue particles in the feed are entrained into the first overflow tank with the rising water flow;

[0019] Step 4: The overflow of the first overflow tank is classified by a screen cyclone to obtain flotation ore and coarse-grained flotation concentrate.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0021] (1) The present invention introduces a large number of microbubble groups required for fluidization into the flotation column through the first microbubble generator and the second microbubble generator, and at the same time constructs a flotation flow field environment with low fluid disturbance and high microbubble content in the first flotation column and the second flotation column with the help of the first fluid distributor and the second fluid distributor, which effectively suppresses the turbulent dissipation of the flow field and is more conducive to the fluidized flotation recovery of coarse-grained minerals.

[0022] (2) The present invention sets a second microbubble generator outside the second flotation column, thereby adding a turbulent environment with extremely high turbulent dissipation outside the flow field in the flotation column with low turbulent dissipation, and constructing two flotation environments with completely different flow field characteristics in the same device. The flotation feed is introduced through the second microbubble generator, and the high turbulence environment in the second microbubble generator effectively realizes the efficient mineralization of fine particles (especially fine particles) in the wide particle size, and then the second flotation column and the low turbulence and high phase content flotation environment in the second flotation column effectively suppress the desorption of coarse particles in the wide particle size, thereby effectively realizing the efficient sorting and recovery of all particle sizes of the wide particle size.

[0023] (3) The present invention sets a two-stage fluidized flotation, and by controlling the flow rate of the first microbubble generator and the second microbubble generator, the flow rate of the rising water flow in the first flotation column and the second flotation column can be adjusted, and finally two low-turbulence, high-phase content flow field environments with different rising water flow rates can be constructed in one device. The second flotation column with a lower flow rate can realize the sorting and recovery of fine-grained particles (-500μm), and the first flotation column is fed with the tailings of the second flotation column. Its higher flow rate is more conducive to the sorting and recovery of coarse-grained particles (500-1000μm). At the same time, the concentrate product of the first flotation column is graded with the help of the screen cyclone group, and the fine-grained gangue in the product is removed. At the same time, the characteristics of the screen cyclone equipment can effectively prevent the coarse-grained hydrophobic particles adhering to the bubbles from entering the cyclone overflow; the high-efficiency sorting and recovery of wide-size particles is realized, the recovery rate of valuable components is improved, and the contamination of the concentrate by fine-grained gangue particles is also effectively reduced.

[0024] (4) The first fluid distributor and the second fluid distributor of the present invention are both a single annular water tank and a group of fluid distribution box structures arranged in parallel with each other. Compared with a plurality of concentric annular fluid distribution plate structures, this structure is simple and easy to process and form, and the fluid distribution is uniform, which is conducive to the flotation recovery of coarse particles.

[0025] In the present invention, the above-mentioned technical solutions can also be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combination solutions. Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the subsequent description, and some advantages can become obvious from the description, or can be understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the contents particularly pointed out in the description and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be considered limiting of the present invention. Like reference symbols denote like components throughout the drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a two-stage fluidized flotation device for wide-size particles according to a specific embodiment;

[0028] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a first fluid distributor in a specific embodiment;

[0029] Figure 3 For a specific embodiment Figure 2 AA cross-sectional view of ;

[0030] Figure 4 For a specific embodiment Figure 2 BB cross-sectional view;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the connection state of the first flotation column and the first overflow tank in a specific embodiment;

[0032] Figure 6 For a specific embodiment Figure 5 Schematic diagram of top view;

[0033] Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a second fluid distributor in a specific embodiment;

[0034] Figure 8 For a specific embodiment Figure 7 Schematic diagram of CC cross-section;

[0035] Fig. 9 For a specific embodiment Figure 7 DD cross-sectional diagram;

[0036] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spray water component of a specific embodiment.

[0037] Reference numerals:

[0038] 1-first flotation column; 11-first flotation column body; 12-first fluid distributor; 121-first annular water tank; 122-first fluid distribution box; 123-first slurry conveying pipe; 13-first tailings dewatering cone; 14-first tailings discharge pipe; 15-stabilizing plate; 16-flotation column support bar; 17-first overflow trough; 18-screen cyclone; 2-second flotation column; 21-second flotation column body; 22-second fluid distributor; 221-second annular water tank; 222-second fluid distribution box; 223-second slurry conveying pipe; 23-second tailings dewatering cone; 24-second tailings discharge pipe; 25-feed distributor; 26-second overflow trough; 27-spraying water component; 271-annular water pipe; 272-cross water pipe; 3-first microbubble generator; 4-second microbubble generator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] A specific embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1As shown, a wide-size particle two-stage fluidized flotation device (hereinafter referred to as fluidized flotation device) is disclosed, comprising a first flotation column 1, a second flotation column 2, a first microbubble generator 3 and a second microbubble generator 4. The first flotation column 1 comprises a first flotation column 11 and a first fluid distributor 12, the second flotation column 2 comprises a second flotation column 21 and a second fluid distributor 22, the first flotation column 11 and the second flotation column 21 are arranged concentrically, the first fluid distributor 12 is located at the lower end of the first flotation column 11, the second fluid distributor 22 is located at the lower end of the second flotation column 21, the first microbubble generator 3 is connected to the first fluid distributor 12, and the second microbubble generator 4 is connected to the second fluid distributor 22. The first microbubble generator 3 and the second microbubble generator 4 are arranged on the outside of the first flotation column 1 and the second flotation column 2, respectively.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the two-stage fluidized flotation device suitable for wide-size particle sorting and recovery provided in the present embodiment is provided with a first flotation column and a second flotation column arranged concentrically in series, and a large number of microbubbles suitable for particle fluidized flotation are generated and introduced through the first microbubble generator and the second microbubble generator provided externally of the first flotation column and the second flotation column, respectively, and are fully mixed with fluidized water; the first fluid distributor and the second fluid distributor provided at the bottom of the first flotation column and the second flotation column, respectively, realize the uniform distribution of fluidized water containing a large number of microbubbles in each level of flotation column, construct a low-turbulence, high-phase content flotation environment, effectively reduce the probability of coarse particle desorption, and realize efficient sorting and recovery of coarse particles; by adjusting the fluid flow rate in the first microbubble generator and the second microbubble generator, the flow rate of the rising water flow inside the first flotation column and the second flotation column can be adjusted, thereby constructing two low-turbulence flotation environments with different rising water flow rates in the same device, and widening the optional particle size range of the device.

[0043] The second flotation column 21 is located above the first flotation column 11, and the lower end of the second flotation column 21 is located inside the first flotation column 11. Preferably, the diameter of the second flotation column 21 is about 2 / 3 of the diameter of the first flotation column 11.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the first flotation column 1 further includes a first tailings dewatering cone 13 and a first tailings discharge pipe 14. The first tailings dewatering cone 13 is arranged at the bottom of the first fluid distributor 12 and is concentrically arranged with the first flotation column 11, that is, the first fluid distributor 12 is arranged between the first tailings dewatering cone 13 and the first flotation column 11. The first tailings discharge pipe 14 is located at the bottom of the first tailings dewatering cone 13. The particles sinking in the first flotation column 11 are dehydrated in the first tailings dewatering cone 13 and then discharged into the first tailings discharge pipe 14 to form coarse tailings.

[0045] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the first fluid distributor 12 includes a first annular water tank 121 and a first fluid distribution box 122. The first annular water tank 121 is concentrically arranged with the first flotation column 11. The diameter of the first flotation column 11 is not less than the inner circle diameter of the first annular water tank 121, and is not greater than the outer circle diameter of the first annular water tank 121. The first fluid distribution box 122 is arranged in the inner ring of the first annular water tank 121, and both ends of the first fluid distribution box 122 are connected to the first annular water tank 121. A plurality of first fluid distribution boxes 122 are evenly distributed in the inner circle of the first annular water tank 121, and the plurality of first fluid distribution boxes 122 are arranged in parallel.

[0046] It should be noted that the first fluid distribution box 122 is a rectangular cylindrical structure, with both ends connected to the inner wall of the first annular water tank 121 , and through holes are evenly distributed on the side walls of the first fluid distribution box 122 perpendicular to the axis of the first annular water tank 121 .

[0047] Considering the input of sulfide water containing a large amount of microbubbles, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the first fluid distributor 12 further includes a first slurry conveying pipe 123, two of which are provided and communicated with the first microbubble generator 3. Preferably, the first slurry conveying pipe 123 is a straight pipe. The two first slurry conveying pipes 123 are symmetrically arranged on the outer ring wall of the first annular water tank 121 along the diameter direction of the first annular water tank 121, and are perpendicular to the first fluid distribution box 122. One end of the first slurry conveying pipe 123 is communicated with the first annular water tank 121, and the other end is communicated with the first microbubble generator 3.

[0048] It is worth noting that the first fluid distributor 12 is composed of a single annular water tank and a plurality of parallel fluid distribution boxes. Compared with a fluid distributor composed of a plurality of annular water tanks, this structure is simple and easy to process. A fluid distributor composed of a plurality of annular water tanks is difficult to manufacture and easily causes the water volume in the outer annular water tank to be significantly higher than that in the inner annular water tank, resulting in uneven fluid distribution, which is not conducive to the flotation recovery of coarse particles.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, the first flotation column 1 further includes a flow stabilizing plate 15 and a flotation column support bar 16, both of which are arranged inside the first flotation column 11 and are arranged concentrically with the first flotation column 11. The flow stabilizing plate 15 is located between the first fluid distributor 12 and the flotation column support bar 16, and the flow stabilizing plate 15 is placed horizontally, preferably 3, and the 3 flow stabilizing plates 15 are arranged at equal intervals, and the flotation column support bar 16 is an angle steel structure.

[0050] like Figure 1As shown, the first flotation column 1 further includes a first overflow trough 17 and a screen cyclone 18. The first overflow trough 17 is located above the first flotation column 11 and is used to recover the overflow of the first flotation column 1. The screen cyclone 18 is suspended on the outside of the first flotation column 11 and connected to the first overflow trough 17 through a pipeline. The overflow in the first overflow trough 17 is classified by the screen cyclone 18. The overflow of the screen cyclone 18 is fine-grained gangue, and the bottom flow is coarse-grained concentrate.

[0051] Preferably, if Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, four concentrate discharge troughs are provided at the lower part of the first overflow trough 17, and the four concentrate discharge troughs are evenly distributed along the outer diameter of the first flotation column 11. Correspondingly, four screen cyclones 18 are provided, and each concentrate discharge trough is connected to a corresponding feed port of a screen cyclone 18 through a pipeline.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, the second flotation column 2 further includes a second tailings dewatering cone 23, a second tailings discharge pipe 24 and a feed distributor 25. The second tailings dewatering cone 23 is arranged below the second fluid distributor 22 and is arranged concentrically with the second flotation column 21. The second fluid distributor 22 is arranged between the second tailings dewatering cone 23 and the second flotation column 21. The second tailings discharge pipe 24 is located at the bottom of the second tailings dewatering cone 23. The tailings sinking in the second flotation column 21 enter the second tailings discharge pipe 24 after being dehydrated by the second tailings dewatering cone 23. The feed distributor 25 is arranged at the lower end of the second tailings discharge pipe 24. The tailings sinking in the second flotation column 21 are used as the feed of the first flotation column 1, and are uniformly distributed in the first flotation column 11 through the second tailings dewatering cone 23, the second tailings discharge pipe 24 and the feed distributor 25 in sequence. The outer wall of the second tailings dewatering cone 23 is connected to the inner side of the flotation column support bar 16 , and the outer side of the flotation column support bar 16 is connected to the inner wall of the first flotation column 11 .

[0053] In this embodiment, part of the second fluid distributor 22 , the second tailings dewatering cone 23 , the second tailings discharge pipe 24 and the feed distributor 25 are all located in the first flotation column 11 .

[0054] like Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9As shown, the second fluid distributor 22 includes a second annular water tank 221 and a second fluid distribution box 222. The second annular water tank 221 is concentrically arranged with the second flotation column 21. The diameter of the second flotation column 21 is not less than the inner circle diameter of the second annular water tank 221, and is not greater than the outer circle diameter of the second annular water tank 221. The second fluid distribution box 222 is arranged in the inner ring of the second annular water tank 221, and both ends of the second fluid distribution box 222 are connected to the second annular water tank 221. A plurality of second fluid distribution boxes 222 are evenly distributed in the inner circle of the second annular water tank 221, and the plurality of second fluid distribution boxes 222 are arranged in parallel.

[0055] It should be noted that the second fluid distribution box 222 is a rectangular cylindrical structure, with both ends connected to the inner wall of the second annular water tank 221 , and through holes are evenly distributed on the side walls of the second fluid distribution box 222 perpendicular to the axis of the second annular water tank 221 .

[0056] Considering the input of slurry flow after mineralization, e.g. Figure 8 As shown, the second fluid distributor 22 also includes a second slurry conveying pipe 223, two of which are provided. The second slurry conveying pipe 223 is in an "L" shape, specifically including a vertical section and a horizontal section, one end of the vertical section is connected to the second microbubble generator 4, and the other is connected to one end of the horizontal section, and the other end of the horizontal section is connected to the second annular water tank 221. The two second slurry conveying pipes 223 are symmetrically arranged on the outer ring wall of the second annular water tank 221, and the horizontal ends are along the diameter direction of the second annular water tank 221 and perpendicular to the second fluid distribution box 222.

[0057] It is worth noting that the second fluid distributor 22 is composed of a single annular water tank and a plurality of parallel fluid distribution boxes. Compared with a fluid distributor composed of a plurality of annular water tanks, this structure is simple and easy to process. A fluid distributor composed of a plurality of annular water tanks is difficult to manufacture and easily causes the water volume in the outer annular water tank to be significantly higher than that in the inner annular water tank, resulting in uneven fluid distribution, which is not conducive to the flotation recovery of coarse particles.

[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, the second flotation column 2 further includes a second overflow trough 26 and a spray water component 27. The second overflow trough 26 is disposed at the upper end of the second flotation column 21 for recovering fine concentrate. The spray water component 27 is disposed directly above the second overflow trough 26 for secondary removal of fine gangue from the enriched concentrate of the second flotation column 21 to improve the quality of the concentrate. The second overflow trough 26 and the spray water component 27 are disposed concentrically with the second flotation column 21.

[0059] like Fig.10As shown, the spray water component 27 includes an annular water pipe 271 and a cross-shaped water pipe 272. There are multiple annular water pipes 271, which are concentrically arranged and connected to the cross-shaped water pipe 272. The annular water pipes 271 are evenly distributed with holes for drainage.

[0060] In this embodiment, the second flotation column 2 includes a spray water component 27, a second overflow trough 26, a second flotation column 21, a second fluid distributor 22, a second tailings dewatering cone 23, a second tailings discharge pipe 24 and a feed distributor 25 which are arranged concentrically from top to bottom. The first flotation column 1 includes a first overflow trough 17, a first flotation column 11, a first fluid distributor 12, a first tailings dewatering cone 13 and a first tailings discharge pipe 14 which are arranged concentrically from top to bottom, and a flotation column support bar 16 and a flow stabilizer 15 which are arranged from top to bottom in the first flotation column 11. The feed distributor 25 is directly connected to the second tailings discharge pipe 24, and the feed in the second flotation column 21 is the discharge of the second tailings dewatering cone 23.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] Another specific embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1-Figure 10 As shown, a two-stage fluidized flotation method for wide-size particles is disclosed, using the two-stage fluidized flotation device for wide-size particles of Example 1, and the steps include:

[0063] Step 1: Fluidized water and microbubbles are injected into the first flotation column 11 through the first microbubble generator 3 to form a low-turbulence flotation environment suitable for coarse particle flotation recovery in the first flotation column 11.

[0064] Fluidized water containing frother is injected into the first microbubble generator 3, and air is sucked in and a large number of microbubbles are formed by the strong shearing action of the venturi tube in the first microbubble generator 3. In the subsequent transportation process, the microbubbles are fully mixed with the fluidized water to form a water flow containing a large number of microbubbles, and then enter the first annular water tank 121 through the first slurry conveying pipe 123, and form an ascending water flow containing a large number of microbubbles through the first fluid distribution box 122, and enter the first flotation column 11. With the help of the flow stabilizer 15, turbulent dissipation is reduced, and a low turbulence environment suitable for coarse particle flotation recovery is formed in the first flotation column 11.

[0065] Step 2: After the first flotation column 11 is filled with fluidized water, wide-size flotation feed is injected into the second flotation column 21 through the second microbubble generator 4 to obtain fine-grained concentrate products and feed for the first flotation column 1 .

[0066] The wide particle size flotation feed is injected into the second microbubble generator 4, and air is sucked in and a large number of microbubbles are formed when passing through the venturi tube structure in the second microbubble generator 4. At the same time, the high turbulence environment in the second microbubble generator 4 improves the collision efficiency between particles and bubbles, which is particularly beneficial to improving the collision efficiency between fine particle size (-45μm) particles and bubbles. The hydrophobic particles containing the target components adhere to the bubbles to form mineralized bubbles, but the coarse particle size adhered to the bubbles under the action of turbulence is prone to desorption and it is difficult to form stable mineralized bubbles.

[0067] The mineralized slurry flow containing fluidized water, microbubbles (including some mineralized bubbles) and wide-size particles (-1000μm) enters the second annular water tank 221 through the second slurry conveying pipe 223, and forms a uniform gas-liquid-solid three-phase upward flow under the action of the second fluid distribution box 222, and the microbubbles and particles enter the second flotation column 21 under the action of the rising water flow. Fine particles (-500 μm) stably adhering to the surface of mineralized bubbles float to the foam layer under the combined action of the rising water flow and the buoyancy of the bubbles; hydrophobic fine particles (-500 μm) that do not adhere to the bubbles sink and collide with the rising bubbles in the countercurrent to form the mineralized bubbles and then float to the foam layer. The fine concentrate in the foam layer overflows to the second overflow trough 26 under the secondary impurity removal action of the spray water component 27 to form a fine concentrate product; in the second flotation column 21 with a lower rising water flow rate, coarse particles (500-1000 μm) are easily desorbed from the bubbles due to their excessive inertia, and a large amount of coarse particles are difficult to form concentrates and sink to the second tailings dewatering cone 23. Only highly hydrophobic particles containing a large number of target component conjoined bodies or target component monomers can float to the second overflow trough 26 with the fine particles to become fine concentrate products. Except for a small amount of extremely fine particles with strong water affinity that are entrained to the second overflow trough 26 and enter the fine concentrate product, the remaining hydrophilic gangue particles all sink to the second tailings dewatering cone 23.

[0068] Step 3: Inject the feed of the first flotation column 1 produced by the second flotation column 21 into the first flotation column 11, and the coarse particles of the hydrophobic target component in the feed adhere to the bubbles to form particle-bubble agglomerates, which float to the first overflow tank 17; the coarse-grained hydrophilic gangue particles in the feed sink to the first tailings dewatering cone 13, and are discharged from the first tailings discharge pipe 14 to become coarse-grained tailings; the fine-grained hydrophilic gangue particles in the feed are entrained into the first overflow tank 17 with the rising water flow.

[0069] Feed is injected into the first flotation column 11 with a higher rising water flow rate through a feed distributor 25 directly connected to the second tailings discharge pipe 24 ; the uniform rising water flow rate in the first flotation column 11 is greater than the rising water flow in the second flotation column 21 .

[0070] The feed contains hydrophobic target component intergrowth coarse particles (500-1000μm) and fine-grained (-500μm) and coarse-grained (500-1000μm) hydrophilic gangue particles. The particle group sinks with the slurry and meets the rising water flow containing a large number of microbubbles in the countercurrent mineralization zone. The particles and bubbles collide with each other, and the hydrophobic target component intergrowth coarse particles adhere to the bubbles to form particle-bubble agglomerates. Under the dual effects of the bubble buoyancy and the rising water flow, the particle-bubble agglomerates float to the coarse-grained concentrate overflow trough (i.e., the first overflow trough 17); the coarse-grained hydrophilic gangue particles collide with the bubbles and cannot adhere to each other and sink to the first tailings dewatering cone 13, and are discharged from the first tailings discharge pipe 14 to become coarse-grained tailings; the fine-grained hydrophilic gangue particles are entrained into the first overflow trough 17 with the rising water flow due to their small inertia.

[0071] Step 4: The screen cyclone 18 classifies the overflow of the first overflow tank 17 to obtain flotation ore and coarse-grained flotation concentrate.

[0072] Specifically, the overflow of the first flotation column 11 in the first overflow trough 17 enters the four screen cyclones 18 suspended on the outside of the first flotation column 11 through the four concentrate discharge troughs and the connecting pipeline for classification. The overflow of the screen cyclone 18 is fine-grained hydrophilic gangue, i.e., flotation concentrate; the bottom flow of the screen cyclone 18 is coarse particles of the hydrophobic target component conjoined bodies, i.e., coarse-grained flotation concentrate.

[0073] In this embodiment, before the slurry enters the second flotation column 2, it first passes through the second microbubble generator 4 with extremely high turbulence. While the second microbubble generator 4 introduces a large number of microbubbles, its internal high turbulence dissipation flow field is conducive to the collision and adhesion between fine particles and bubbles in the wide particle size. According to the different component shapes of the wide particle size particles, three flow fields are constructed to achieve efficient sorting and recovery of the wide particle size particles.

[0074] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-stage fluidized flotation method for wide-size particles, characterized in that: A two-stage fluidized flotation device for particles of a wide particle size is adopted, and the two-stage fluidized flotation device for particles of a wide particle size comprises a first flotation column (1), a second flotation column (2), a first microbubble generator (3) and a second microbubble generator (4); the first flotation column (1) comprises a first flotation column body (11) and a first fluid distributor (12); the second flotation column (2) comprises a second flotation column body (21) and a second fluid distributor (22); the first flotation column body (11) and the second flotation column body (21) are arranged concentrically; the first fluid distributor (12) and the second fluid distributor (22) are respectively located at the lower ends of the first flotation column body (11) and the second flotation column body (21); the first microbubble generator (3) and the second microbubble generator (4) are respectively connected to the first fluid distributor (12) and the second fluid distributor (22); The first fluid distributor (12) comprises a first annular water tank (121) and a first fluid distribution box (122); the first fluid distribution box (122) is arranged in the inner ring of the first annular water tank (121) and is in communication with the first annular water tank (121); a plurality of the first fluid distribution boxes (122) are provided, and the plurality of the first fluid distribution boxes (122) are arranged in parallel; The second flotation column (2) further comprises a second tailings dewatering cone (23), a second tailings discharge pipe (24) and a feed distributor (25) which are concentrically and sequentially connected; the second fluid distributor (22) is arranged between the second tailings dewatering cone (23) and the second flotation column (21); The steps of the two-stage fluidized flotation method for wide-size particles include: Step 1: injecting fluidized water and microbubbles into the first flotation column (11) through the first microbubble generator (3) to form a low turbulence flotation environment; Step 2: After the first flotation column (11) is filled with fluidized water, a wide-size flotation feed is injected into the second flotation column (21) through a second microbubble generator (4) to obtain a fine-grained concentrate product and feed for the first flotation column (1); Step 3: the feed of the first flotation column (1) is directly injected into the first flotation column (11), the coarse particles of the hydrophobic target component in the feed adhere to the bubbles to form particle-bubble aggregates, and float to the first overflow tank (17); the coarse-grained hydrophilic gangue particles in the feed sink to the first tailings dewatering cone (13) to form coarse-grained tailings; the fine-grained hydrophilic gangue particles in the feed are entrained into the first overflow tank (17) along with the rising water flow; Step 4: The overflow of the first overflow tank (17) is classified by the screen cyclone (18) to obtain flotation ore and coarse-grained flotation concentrate.

2. The two-stage fluidized flotation method for wide-size particles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first flotation column (1) further comprises a first tailings dewatering cone (13), and the first fluid distributor (12) is arranged between the first tailings dewatering cone (13) and the first flotation column (11).

3. The two-stage fluidized flotation method for wide-size particles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the second flotation column (21) and the feed distributor (25) are both located inside the first flotation column (11).

4. The two-stage fluidized flotation method for wide-size particles according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The second flotation column (2) further comprises a second overflow trough (26) and a water spraying member (27).

5. The two-stage fluidized flotation method for wide-size particles according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The flow rate of the rising water flow in the first flotation column (11) is greater than the flow rate of the rising water flow in the second flotation column (21).

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