Alkaline water composition and its uses

Abstract

The present disclosure provides alkaline water compositions and methods of using these compositions.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 986,109, filed on March 6, 2020, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. Background of the Invention

[0003] Alkaline water compositions useful for various health and beauty applications are described herein. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Alkaline water compositions are provided herein that comprise an aqueous solution of sodium propionate without a buffer. In one aspect, an alkaline water composition is described herein that has the following properties:

[0005] (a) a sodium content of from about 200 mg / kg to about 1500 mg / kg;

[0006] (b) a sodium content of from about 1000 mg / kg to about 5800 mg / kg calculated as sodium propionate;

[0007] (c) a total dissolved solids (TDS) of from about 1500 mg / L to about 5500 mg / L;

[0008] (d) a pH of from about 10.0 to about 13.5;

[0009] (e) a total alkalinity as CaCO3 of from about 1100 mg / L to about 3000 mg / L;

[0010] (f) a carbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 of from about 0 mg / L to about 1000 mg / L;

[0011] (g) a bicarbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 of from about 1100 mg / L to about 2000 mg / L;

[0012] (h) an oxidation-reduction potential of from about -150 to about 300; and

[0013] (i) a conductivity of from about 200 μmhos / cm to about 5800 μmhos / cm.

[0014] In another aspect, an alkaline water composition is described herein that has the following properties:

[0015] (a) a sodium content of from about 1100 mg / kg to about 1500 mg / kg;

[0016] (b) a sodium content of from about 5000 mg / kg to about 5800 mg / kg calculated as sodium propionate;

[0017] (c) Total dissolved solids are from about 5000 mg / L to about 5500 mg / L;

[0018] (d) pH is from about 10.0 to about 12.5;

[0019] (e) Total alkalinity as CaCO3 is from about 1100 mg / L to about 3000 mg / L;

[0020] (f) Carbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 is from about 0 mg / L to about 1000 mg / L;

[0021] (g) Bicarbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 is from about 1100 mg / L to about 2000 mg / L;

[0022] (h) Redox potential is from about -125 to about 300; and

[0023] (i) Conductivity is from about 3800 μmhos / cm to about 5800 μmhos / cm.

[0024] In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 mg / kg to about 550 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 250 mg / kg to about 500 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 300 mg / kg to about 450 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 1200 mg / kg to about 1400 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 1200 mg / kg to about 1300 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 1300 mg / kg to about 1400 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1000 mg / kg to about 1800 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1000 mg / kg to about 1500 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1100 mg / kg to about 1300 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5100 mg / kg to about 5750 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5100 mg / kg to about 5300 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5600 mg / kg to about 5750 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 1500 mg / L to about 2000 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 1650 mg / L to about 1750 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 5200 mg / L to about 5400 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 5200 mg / L to about 5300 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 5300 mg / L to about 5400 mg / L. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is from about 11.5 to about 13.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is from about 12.5 to about 13.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is from about 13.0 to about 13.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is from about 10.5 to about 12.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is from about 11.5 to about 12.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is from about 12.0 to about 12.5. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition in terms of CaCO3 is from about 1500 mg / L to about 2600 mg / L.In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1700 mg / L to about 2200 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1700 mg / L to about 1950 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 2050 mg / L to about 2200 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0 mg / L to about 5 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 750 mg / L to about 1000 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1200 mg / L to about 1900 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1200 mg / L to about 1400 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1700 mg / L to about 1900 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the redox potential of the alkaline water composition is from about -150 to about -25. In some embodiments, the redox potential of the alkaline water composition is from about -150 to about -100. In some embodiments, the redox potential of the alkaline water composition is from about -100 to about 250. In some embodiments, the redox potential of the alkaline water composition is from about -100 to about -25. In some embodiments, the filler is microcrystalline cellulose. In some embodiments, the redox potential of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 to about 250. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 μmhos / cm to about 700 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 μmhos / cm to about 400 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 μmhos / cm to about 300 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 3900 μmhos / cm to about 5700 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 3900 μmhos / cm to about 4000 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 5500 μmhos / cm to about 5700 μmhos / cm.

[0025] In some embodiments, an alkaline water composition is described herein that has the following properties:

[0026] (a) a sodium content of from about 250 mg / kg to about 500 mg / kg;

[0027] (b) The sodium content calculated as sodium propionate is from about 1100 mg / kg to about 1300 mg / kg;

[0028] (c) The total dissolved solids is from about 1650 mg / L to about 1750 mg / L;

[0029] (d) The pH is from about 13.0 to about 13.5;

[0030] (e) The total alkalinity calculated as CaCO3 is from about 2050 mg / L to about 2200 mg / L;

[0031] (f) The carbonate alkalinity calculated as CaCO3 is from about 750 mg / L to about 1000 mg / L;

[0032] (g) The bicarbonate alkalinity calculated as CaCO3 is from about 1200 mg / L to about 1400 mg / L;

[0033] (h) The redox potential is from about -150 to about -25; and

[0034] (i) The conductivity is from about 200 μmhos / cm to about 300 μmhos / cm.

[0035] In some embodiments, an alkaline water composition is described herein that has the following properties:

[0036] (a) The sodium content is about 400 mg / kg;

[0037] (b) The sodium content calculated as sodium propionate is about 1200 mg / kg;

[0038] (c) The total dissolved solids is from about 1650 mg / L to about 1750 mg / L;

[0039] (d) The pH is about 13.2;

[0040] (e) The total alkalinity calculated as CaCO3 is about 2120 mg / L;

[0041] (f) The carbonate alkalinity calculated as CaCO3 is about 860 mg / L;

[0042] (g) The bicarbonate alkalinity calculated as CaCO3 is about 1260 mg / L;

[0043] (h) The redox potential is about -121; and

[0044] (i) The conductivity is about 254 μmhos / cm.

[0045] In some embodiments, an alkaline water composition is described herein that has the following properties:

[0046] (a) The sodium content is from about 1300 mg / kg to about 1400 mg / kg;

[0047] (b) The sodium content calculated as sodium propionate is from about 5600 mg / kg to about 5750 mg / kg;

[0048] (c) The total dissolved solids is from about 5300 mg / L to about 5400 mg / L;

[0049] (d) The pH is from about 11.5 to about 12.5;

[0050] (e) The total alkalinity calculated as CaCO3 is from about 2050 mg / L to about 2200 mg / L;

[0051] (f) The carbonate alkalinity calculated as CaCO3 is from about 750 mg / L to about 1000 mg / L;

[0052] (g) The bicarbonate alkalinity calculated as CaCO3 is from about 1200 mg / L to about 1400 mg / L;

[0053] (h) The redox potential is from about -100 to about -25; and

[0054] (i) The conductivity is from about 5500 μmhos / cm to about 5700 μmhos / cm.

[0055] In some embodiments, an alkaline water composition is described herein that has the following properties:

[0056] (a) The sodium content is about 1360 mg / kg;

[0057] (b) The sodium content calculated as sodium propionate is about 5685 mg / kg;

[0058] (c) The total dissolved solids is about 5350 mg / L;

[0059] (d) The pH is about 12.2;

[0060] (e) The total alkalinity calculated as CaCO3 is about 2120 mg / L;

[0061] (f) The carbonate alkalinity calculated as CaCO3 is about 860 mg / L;

[0062] (g) The bicarbonate alkalinity calculated as CaCO3 is about 1260 mg / L;

[0063] (h) The redox potential is about -82; and

[0064] (i) The conductivity is about 5600 μmhos / cm.

[0065] In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition does not contain a buffer. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition contains pharmaceutical grade water. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition contains sodium propionate of United States Pharmacopeia (USP) grade. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition contains sodium propionate of European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur.) grade. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition contains sodium propionate of both United States Pharmacopeia (USP) grade and European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur.) grade.

[0066] In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition further contains alcohol. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition contains from about 10% to about 95% alcohol by volume. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition contains from about 25% to about 90% alcohol by volume. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition contains about 75% alcohol by volume and about 25% alkaline water. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition contains about 65% alcohol by volume and about 35% alkaline water. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition contains about 50% alcohol by volume and about 50% alkaline water. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition contains an alcohol selected from isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, and methanol. In some embodiments, the alcohol in the alkaline water composition is isopropyl alcohol. In some embodiments, the alcohol in the alkaline water composition is ethanol. In some embodiments, the alcohol in the alkaline water composition is methanol.

[0067] In some embodiments, the freezing point of the alkaline water composition is from about -60°C to about -10°C. In some embodiments, the freezing point of the alkaline water composition is from about -50°C to about -15°C. In some embodiments, the freezing point of the alkaline water composition is from about -40°C to about -20°C. In some embodiments, the freezing point of the alkaline water composition is from about -40°C to about -30°C.

[0068] In some embodiments of the alkaline water composition described herein, the alkaline water composition does not cause skin irritation or sensitization.

[0069] In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition is organic. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition has a negative ionic charge. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition is an antioxidant. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition is hypoallergenic. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition is hypotonic. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition is safe for human oral administration.

[0070] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of cleansing eyelashes in an individual in need thereof, which comprises administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0071] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of cleansing hair in an individual in need thereof, which comprises administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0072] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of cleansing skin in an individual in need thereof to remove sweat, dirt, or a combination thereof, which comprises administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0073] In some embodiments, the cleansing is antimicrobial cleansing.

[0074] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of moisturizing skin in an individual in need thereof, which comprises administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0075] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of moisturizing eyelashes in an individual in need thereof, which comprises administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0076] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of moisturizing hair in an individual in need thereof, which comprises administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0077] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating sunburn in an individual in need thereof, which comprises administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0078] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a wound in an individual in need thereof, which comprises administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0079] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating pain in an individual in need thereof, which comprises administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0080] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating inflammation in an individual in need thereof, which comprises administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein. Detailed Description

[0081] Certain Terms

[0082] Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural referents. When ranges are used herein, all combinations and subcombinations of the range and specific embodiments therein are intended to be included. When referring to a number or numerical range, the term "about" means that the recited number or numerical range is an approximation within experimental variability (or within statistical experimental error), and thus the number or numerical range varies between 1% and 15% of that number or numerical range.

[0083] As used herein, the terms "preparation" and "composition" are used interchangeably and refer to a mixture of two or more compounds, elements, or molecules. In some embodiments, the terms "preparation" and "composition" may be used to refer to a mixture or solution of one or more compounds with a carrier or other excipient.

[0084] As used herein, the term "effective amount" or "therapeutically effective amount" refers to a sufficient amount of the administered composition or compound that will, to some extent, alleviate one or more symptoms of the treated disorder. The result can be a reduction and / or alleviation of the signs, symptoms, or causes of the disorder and / or any other desired alteration of the biological system.

[0085] Alkaline water composition

[0086] In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition described herein has some characteristics similar to plasma, because most of the composition is water, and it contains inorganic and organic salts, nutrients, and dissolved gases. Additionally, in some embodiments, the alkaline water composition described herein has a high pH, exhibits alkaline properties, has a negative ionic charge, and is non-corrosive.

[0087] In some embodiments, it is an alkaline water composition having the following properties:

[0088] (a) The sodium content is about 200 mg / kg to about 1500 mg / kg;

[0089] (b) The sodium content in terms of sodium propionate is about 1000 mg / kg to about 5800 mg / kg;

[0090] (c) The total dissolved solids is about 1500 mg / L to about 5500 mg / L;

[0091] (d) The pH is about 10.0 to about 13.5;

[0092] (e) The total alkalinity in terms of CaCO3 is about 1100 mg / L to about 3000 mg / L;

[0093] (f) The carbonate alkalinity in terms of CaCO3 is about 0 mg / L to about 1000 mg / L;

[0094] (g) The bicarbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 is from about 1100 mg / L to about 2000 mg / L;

[0095] (h) The oxidation-reduction potential is from about -150 to about 300; and

[0096] (i) The conductivity is from about 200 μmhos / cm to about 5800 μmhos / cm.

[0097] In some embodiments, it is an alkaline water composition having the following properties:

[0098] (a) The sodium content is from about 1100 mg / kg to about 1500 mg / kg;

[0099] (b) The sodium content as sodium propionate is from about 5000 mg / kg to about 5800 mg / kg;

[0100] (c) The total dissolved solids is from about 5000 mg / L to about 5500 mg / L;

[0101] (d) The pH is from about 10.0 to about 12.5;

[0102] (e) The total alkalinity as CaCO3 is from about 1100 mg / L to about 3000 mg / L;

[0103] (f) The carbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 is from about 0 mg / L to about 1000 mg / L;

[0104] (g) The bicarbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 is from about 1100 mg / L to about 2000 mg / L;

[0105] (h) The oxidation-reduction potential is from about -125 to about 300; and

[0106] (i) The conductivity is from about 3800 μmhos / cm to about 5800 μmhos / cm.

[0107] In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 mg / kg to about 1000 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 mg / kg to about 900 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 mg / kg to about 800 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 mg / kg to about 750 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 mg / kg to about 700 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 mg / kg to about 650 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 mg / kg to about 600 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 mg / kg to about 550 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 250 mg / kg to about 550 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 mg / kg to about 500 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 250 mg / kg to about 500 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 mg / kg to about 450 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 250 mg / kg to about 450 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 mg / kg to about 400 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 250 mg / kg to about 400 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 mg / kg to about 300 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 300 mg / kg to about 400 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 350 mg / kg to about 450 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 1150 mg / kg to about 1500 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 1150 mg / kg to about 1450 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 1200 mg / kg to about 1450 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 1200 mg / kg to about 1400 mg / kg.In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 1200 mg / kg to about 1350 mg / kg. In some embodiments described herein, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 1200 mg / kg to about 1300 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 1200 mg / kg to about 1250 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 1250 mg / kg to about 1400 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is from about 1300 mg / kg to about 1400 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 200 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 250 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 300 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 350 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 400 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 450 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 500 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 550 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 600 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 650 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 700 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 750 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 800 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 850 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 900 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 950 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 1000 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 1050 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 1100 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 1150 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 1200 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 1250 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 1300 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 1350 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 1400 mg / kg.In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 1450 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition is about 1500 mg / kg.

[0108] In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1000 mg / kg to about 2000 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1000 mg / kg to about 1800 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1000 mg / kg to about 1700 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1000 mg / kg to about 1650 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1000 mg / kg to about 1600 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1000 mg / kg to about 1550 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1000 mg / kg to about 1500 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1000 mg / kg to about 1450 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1050 mg / kg to about 1450 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1000 mg / kg to about 1400 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1050 mg / kg to about 1400 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1000 mg / kg to about 1350 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1050 mg / kg to about 1350 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1050 mg / kg to about 1300 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1100 mg / kg to about 1300 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1050 mg / kg to about 1250 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1100 mg / kg to about 1250 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 1150 mg / kg to about 1250 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5050 mg / kg to about 5800 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5050 mg / kg to about 5750 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5100 mg / kg to about 5750 mg / kg.In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5150 mg / kg to about 5750 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5150 mg / kg to about 5700 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5050 mg / kg to about 5350 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5100 mg / kg to about 5350 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5100 mg / kg to about 5300 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5100 mg / kg to about 5250 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5150 mg / kg to about 5250 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5100 mg / kg to about 5200 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5150 mg / kg to about 5200 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5500 mg / kg to about 5800 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5550 mg / kg to about 5800 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5550 mg / kg to about 5750 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5600 mg / kg to about 5750 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5650 mg / kg to about 5750 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is from about 5650 mg / kg to about 5700 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 1000 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 1050 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 1100 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 1150 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 1200 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 1250 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 1300 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 1350 mg / kg.In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 1400 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 1450 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 1500 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 1550 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 1600 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 1650 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 1700 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 1750 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 1800 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 5000 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 5050 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 5100 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 5150 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 5200 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 5250 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 5300 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 5350 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 5400 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 5450 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 5500 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 5550 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 5600 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 5650 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 5700 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 5750 mg / kg. In some embodiments, the sodium content of the alkaline water composition in terms of sodium propionate is about 5800 mg / kg.

[0109] In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 1500 mg / L to about 2500 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 1500 mg / L to about 2250 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 1500 mg / L to about 2000 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 1500 mg / L to about 1950 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 1550 mg / L to about 1950 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 1500 mg / L to about 1900 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 1550 mg / L to about 1900 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 1500 mg / L to about 1850 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 1550 mg / L to about 1850 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 1600 mg / L to about 1850 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 1600 mg / L to about 1800 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 1600 mg / L to about 1750 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 1650 mg / L to about 1750 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 5000 mg / L to about 5500 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 5050 mg / L to about 5500 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 5050 mg / L to about 5450 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 5100 mg / L to about 5450 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 5100 mg / L to about 5400 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 5150 mg / L to about 5400 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 5200 mg / L to about 5400 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 5200 mg / L to about 5300 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 5200 mg / L to about 5250 mg / L.In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 5250 mg / L to about 5300 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 5300 mg / L to about 5400 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 5300 mg / L to about 5350 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is from about 5350 mg / L to about 5400 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 1500 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 1550 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 1600 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 1650 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 1700 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 1750 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 1800 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 1850 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 1900 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 1950 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 2000 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 5000 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 5050 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 5100 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 5150 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 5200 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 5250 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 5300 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 5350 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 5400 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 5450 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total dissolved solids of the alkaline water composition is about 5500 mg / L.

[0110] In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is from about 10.0 to about 13.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is from about 10.5 to about 13.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is from about 11.0 to about 13.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is from about 11.5 to about 13.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is from about 12.0 to about 13.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is from about 12.5 to about 13.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is from about 13.0 to about 13.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is from about 10.0 to about 12.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is from about 10.5 to about 12.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is from about 11.0 to about 12.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is from about 11.5 to about 12.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is from about 12.0 to about 12.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is about 10.0. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is about 10.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is about 11.0. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is about 11.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is about 12.0. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is about 12.5. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is about 13.0. In some embodiments, the pH of the alkaline water composition is about 13.5.

[0111] In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1200 mg / L to about 3000 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1200 mg / L to about 2900 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1300 mg / L to about 2900 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1300 mg / L to about 2800 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1400 mg / L to about 2800 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1400 mg / L to about 2700 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1500 mg / L to about 2700 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1500 mg / L to about 2600 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1600 mg / L to about 2600 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1600 mg / L to about 2500 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1650 mg / L to about 2500 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1650 mg / L to about 2400 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1700 mg / L to about 2400 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1700 mg / L to about 2300 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1700 mg / L to about 2200 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1700 mg / L to about 2150 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1700 mg / L to about 2100 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1700 mg / L to about 2050 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1700 mg / L to about 2000 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1700 mg / L to about 1950 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1750 mg / L to about 1950 mg / L.In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1800 mg / L to about 1950 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1800 mg / L to about 1900 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1850 mg / L to about 1900 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1800 mg / L to about 2500 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1800 mg / L to about 2400 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1800 mg / L to about 2300 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 1900 mg / L to about 2300 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 2000 mg / L to about 2300 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 2000 mg / L to about 2250 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 2050 mg / L to about 2250 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 2050 mg / L to about 2200 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 2050 mg / L to about 2150 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is from about 2100 mg / L to about 2150 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is about 1100 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is about 1200 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is about 1300 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is about 1400 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is about 1500 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is about 1600 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is about 1700 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is about 1800 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is about 1900 mg / L. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition as CaCO3 is about 2000 mg / L.In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 2100 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 2200 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 2300 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 2400 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 2500 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 2600 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 2700 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the total alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 2800 mg / L as CaCO3.

[0112] In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0 mg / L to about 100 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0 mg / L to about 75 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0 mg / L to about 50 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0 mg / L to about 25 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0 mg / L to about 20 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0 mg / L to about 15 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0 mg / L to about 10 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0 mg / L to about 5 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0 mg / L to about 4 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0 mg / L to about 3 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0 mg / L to about 2 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0 mg / L to about 1 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0 mg / L to about 0.5 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0.1 mg / L to about 5 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0.1 mg / L to about 4 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0.1 mg / L to about 3 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0.1 mg / L to about 2 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0.1 mg / L to about 1 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 0.1 mg / L to about 0.5 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is less than about 10 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is less than about 5 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is less than about 4 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is less than about 3 mg / L as CaCO3.In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is less than about 2 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is less than about 1 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 10 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 5 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 4 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 3 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 2 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1 mg / L as CaCO3.

[0113] In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 750 mg / L to about 950 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 800 mg / L to about 950 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 800 mg / L to about 900 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 850 mg / L to about 900 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 750 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 800 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 850 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 900 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 950 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the carbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1000 mg / L as CaCO3.

[0114] In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1150 mg / L to about 2000 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1150 mg / L to about 1950 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1200 mg / L to about 1950 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1200 mg / L to about 1900 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1100 mg / L to about 1400 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1150 mg / L to about 1400 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1200 mg / L to about 1400 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1200 mg / L to about 1350 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1200 mg / L to about 1300 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1250 mg / L to about 1300 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1600 mg / L to about 2000 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1650 mg / L to about 2000 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1650 mg / L to about 1950 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1700 mg / L to about 1950 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1700 mg / L to about 1900 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1750 mg / L to about 1900 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1800 mg / L to about 1900 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is from about 1850 mg / L to about 1900 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1100 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1150 mg / L as CaCO3.In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1200 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1250 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1300 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1350 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1400 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1450 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1500 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1550 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1600 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1650 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1700 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1750 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1800 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1850 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1900 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 1950 mg / L as CaCO3. In some embodiments, the bicarbonate alkalinity of the alkaline water composition is about 2000 mg / L as CaCO3.

[0115] In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about -150 to about -25. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about -150 to about -50. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about -150 to about -75. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about -150 to about -100. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about -140 to about -100. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about -140 to about -110. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about -130 to about -110. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about -125 to about 275. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about -100 to about 275. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about -100 to about 250. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about -125 to about -25. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about -125 to about -50. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about -125 to about -75. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about -100 to about -50. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about -100 to about -75. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about 150 to about 275. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about 175 to about 275. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about 175 to about 250. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 to about 250. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 to about 225. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about -150. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about -125. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about -121. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about -100. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about -82. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about -75. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about -50. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about -25. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about 0. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about 25. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about 50.In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about 75. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about 100. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about 125. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about 150. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about 175. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about 200. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about 225. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about 250. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about 275. In some embodiments, the oxidation-reduction potential of the alkaline water composition is about 300.

[0116] In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 μmhos / cm to about 900 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 μmhos / cm to about 700 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 μmhos / cm to about 600 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 μmhos / cm to about 900 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 μmhos / cm to about 600 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 μmhos / cm to about 550 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 μmhos / cm to about 500 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 μmhos / cm to about 450 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 μmhos / cm to about 400 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 μmhos / cm to about 350 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 200 μmhos / cm to about 300 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 3800 μmhos / cm to about 5750 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 3850 μmhos / cm to about 5750 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 3850 μmhos / cm to about 5700 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 3900 μmhos / cm to about 5700 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 3800 μmhos / cm to about 4100 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 3800 μmhos / cm to about 4050 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 3850 μmhos / cm to about 4050 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 3850 μmhos / cm to about 4000 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 3900 μmhos / cm to about 4000 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 3900 μmhos / cm to about 3950 μmhos / cm.In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 5400 μmhos / cm to about 5800 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 5450 μmhos / cm to about 5800 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 5450 μmhos / cm to about 5750 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 5500 μmhos / cm to about 5750 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 5500 μmhos / cm to about 5700 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 5550 μmhos / cm to about 5700 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is from about 5550 μmhos / cm to about 5650 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 200 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 250 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 300 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 350 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 400 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 450 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 500 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 550 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 600 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 650 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 700 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 3800 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 3900 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 4000 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 4100 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 4200 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 4300 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 4400 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 4500 μmhos / cm.In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 4600 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 4700 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 4800 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 4900 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 5000 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 5100 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 5200 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 5300 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 5400 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 5500 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 5600 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 5700 μmhos / cm. In some embodiments, the conductivity of the alkaline water composition is about 5800 μmhos / cm.

[0117] In some embodiments, an alkaline water composition is described herein that has the following properties:

[0118] (a) Sodium content is from about 250 mg / kg to about 500 mg / kg;

[0119] (b) Sodium content as sodium propionate is from about 1100 mg / kg to about 1300 mg / kg;

[0120] (c) Total dissolved solids is from about 1650 mg / L to about 1750 mg / L;

[0121] (d) pH is from about 13.0 to about 13.5;

[0122] (e) Total alkalinity as CaCO3 is from about 2050 mg / L to about 2200 mg / L;

[0123] (f) Carbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 is from about 750 mg / L to about 1000 mg / L;

[0124] (g) Bicarbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 is from about 1200 mg / L to about 1400 mg / L;

[0125] (h) Redox potential is from about -150 to about -25; and

[0126] (i) The conductivity is about 200 μmhos / cm to about 300 μmhos / cm.

[0127] In some embodiments, an alkaline water composition is described herein that has the following properties:

[0128] (a) The sodium content is about 400 mg / kg;

[0129] (b) The sodium content as sodium propionate is about 1200 mg / kg;

[0130] (c) The total dissolved solids is about 1650 mg / L to about 1750 mg / L;

[0131] (d) The pH is about 13.2;

[0132] (e) The total alkalinity as CaCO3 is about 2120 mg / L;

[0133] (f) The carbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 is about 860 mg / L;

[0134] (g) The bicarbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 is about 1260 mg / L;

[0135] (h) The redox potential is about -121; and

[0136] (i) The conductivity is about 254 μmhos / cm.

[0137] In some embodiments, an alkaline water composition is described herein that has the following properties:

[0138] (a) The sodium content is about 1300 mg / kg to about 1400 mg / kg;

[0139] (b) The sodium content as sodium propionate is about 5600 mg / kg to about 5750 mg / kg;

[0140] (c) The total dissolved solids is about 5300 mg / L to about 5400 mg / L;

[0141] (d) The pH is about 11.5 to about 12.5;

[0142] (e) The total alkalinity as CaCO3 is about 2050 mg / L to about 2200 mg / L;

[0143] (f) The carbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 is about 750 mg / L to about 1000 mg / L;

[0144] (g) The bicarbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 is about 1200 mg / L to about 1400 mg / L;

[0145] (h) The redox potential is from about -100 to about -25; and

[0146] (i) The conductivity is from about 5500 μmhos / cm to about 5700 μmhos / cm.

[0147] In some embodiments, an alkaline water composition is described herein, which has the following properties:

[0148] (a) The sodium content is about 1360 mg / kg;

[0149] (b) The sodium content in terms of sodium propionate is about 5685 mg / kg;

[0150] (c) The total dissolved solids is about 5350 mg / L;

[0151] (d) The pH is about 12.2;

[0152] (e) The total alkalinity in terms of CaCO3 is about 2120 mg / L;

[0153] (f) The carbonate alkalinity in terms of CaCO3 is about 860 mg / L;

[0154] (g) The bicarbonate alkalinity in terms of CaCO3 is about 1260 mg / L;

[0155] (h) The redox potential is about -82; and

[0156] (i) The conductivity is about 5600 μmhos / cm.

[0157] In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition does not contain a buffer. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition contains pharmaceutical grade water. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition contains sodium propionate of United States Pharmacopeia (USP) grade. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition contains sodium propionate of European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur.) grade. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition contains sodium propionate of both United States Pharmacopeia (USP) grade and European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur.) grade.

[0158] In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition further comprises an alcohol. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition comprises a USP-grade alcohol. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition comprises from about 10% to about 95% alcohol by volume. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition comprises from about 25% to about 90% alcohol by volume. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition comprises about 85% alcohol by volume and about 15% alkaline water. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition comprises about 75% alcohol by volume and about 25% alkaline water. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition comprises about 65% alcohol by volume and about 35% alkaline water. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition comprises about 50% alcohol by volume and about 50% alkaline water. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition comprises about 40% alcohol by volume and about 60% alkaline water. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition comprises about 30% alcohol by volume and about 70% alkaline water. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition comprises about 25% alcohol by volume and about 75% alkaline water. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition comprises about 20% alcohol by volume and about 80% alkaline water. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition comprises about 10% alcohol by volume and about 90% alkaline water. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition comprises an alcohol, wherein the alcohol is selected from isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, and methanol. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition comprises an alcohol, wherein the alcohol is isopropyl alcohol. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition comprises an alcohol, wherein the alcohol is USP-grade isopropyl alcohol. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition comprises an alcohol, wherein the alcohol is ethanol. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition comprises an alcohol, wherein the alcohol is USP-grade ethanol. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition comprises an alcohol, wherein the alcohol is methanol. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition comprises an alcohol, wherein the alcohol is USP-grade methanol.

[0159] In some embodiments, the freezing point of the alkaline water composition is from about -80°C to about -10°C. In some embodiments, the freezing point of the alkaline water composition is from about -70°C to about -10°C. In some embodiments, the freezing point of the alkaline water composition is from about -60°C to about -10°C. In some embodiments, the freezing point of the alkaline water composition is from about -50°C to about -10°C. In some embodiments, the freezing point of the alkaline water composition is from about -50°C to about -15°C. In some embodiments, the freezing point of the alkaline water composition is from about -40°C to about -20°C. In some embodiments, the freezing point of the alkaline water composition is from about -40°C to about -30°C.

[0160] In some embodiments of the alkaline water compositions described herein, the alkaline water compositions do not cause skin irritation or allergic reactions. In some embodiments of the alkaline water compositions described herein, the alkaline water compositions do not cause skin irritation reactions. In some embodiments of the alkaline water compositions described herein, the alkaline water compositions do not cause allergic reactions.

[0161] In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition is organic. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition has a negative ionic charge. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition is non-corrosive. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition acts like an antioxidant. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition is an antioxidant. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition is hypoallergenic. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition is hypotonic. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition is safe for human oral administration.

[0162] Method

[0163] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of cleaning eyelashes in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein. In some embodiments, the cleaning is antimicrobial cleaning.

[0164] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of cleaning hair in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of cleaning the scalp in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein. In some embodiments, the cleaning is antimicrobial cleaning.

[0165] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of cleaning skin in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of cleaning skin to remove sweat, dirt, or a combination thereof in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of cleaning skin from cosmetics in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein. In some embodiments, the cleaning is antimicrobial cleaning.

[0166] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of cleaning teeth in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein. In some embodiments, the cleaning is antimicrobial cleaning. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of whitening teeth in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0167] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of cleaning the oral cavity (palette) in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein. In some embodiments, the cleaning is antimicrobial cleaning.

[0168] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of moisturizing the skin in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0169] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of moisturizing the eyelashes in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0170] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of moisturizing the hair in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0171] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of moisturizing the eye area in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0172] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of moisturizing the fingernails and toenails in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0173] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of moisturizing the nasal passages in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0174] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating burns in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating first-degree burns in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating second-degree burns in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating third-degree burns in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0175] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating sunburn in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0176] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of reducing the effects of razor burn in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0177] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating wounds in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0178] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating pain in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating sore throat in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0179] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of reducing the appearance of facial skin blemishes in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of reducing the appearance of scars in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of reducing post-operative scar formation or injury in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0180] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating eczema in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0181] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating inflammation in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of reducing inflammation in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating arthritis in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition described herein.

[0182] Application

[0183] In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition described herein is applied to an individual in liquid form. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition described herein is applied to an individual in aerosol form. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition described herein is applied to an individual in gel form. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition described herein is applied to an individual in cream form. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition described herein is applied to an individual in ointment form. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition described herein is applied to an individual in the form of a disposable wipe. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition described herein is applied to an individual in serum form. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition described herein is applied to an individual in paste form. In some embodiments, the alkaline water composition described herein is applied to an individual by injection.

[0184] While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these embodiments are provided by way of example only. Many variations, changes, and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the present invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the present invention described herein may be employed in practicing the present invention. The following claims are intended to define the scope of the present invention, and the methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents are thereby covered.

[0185] Examples

[0186] The following examples provide illustrative methods for preparing exemplary alkaline water compositions. These examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of the claims provided herein.

[0187] Example 1: Preparation of a premixed solution

[0188] Prepare a premixed solution using United States Pharmacopeia (USP)-grade and European Pharmacopeia (Ph.Eur.)-grade sodium propionate and ultra-high purity (UHP) water. Thus, prepare the premixed solution by mixing 20 grams of pharmaceutical-grade sodium propionate (USP and Ph.Eur.) per gallon of UHP water. The certificate of analysis of the premixed solution shows:

[0189] Analyte Sodium, mg / kg 1240 Sodium, such as sodium propionate, mg / kg 5183 Total dissolved solids, mg / L 5250 pH 7.8 Total alkalinity as CaCO3, mg / L 1860 <![CDATA[Carbonate alkalinity, mg / L as CaCO3]]> <2 <![CDATA[Bicarbonate alkalinity, mg / L as CaCO3]]> 1860 Redox potential 222 Conductivity, μmhos / cm 3940

[0190] Example 2: Preparation of an alkaline water composition

[0191] Heat the initial stream of UHP water to 150°F. Add the premixed solution from Example 1 to the initial stream to produce a feed stream. Remove any undissolved sodium propionate remaining in the premix from the feed stream through a first filter with a particle size not exceeding 1 μm. Then sterilize the feed stream by heating it to a boiling temperature of at least 212°F for at least three minutes to remove bacteria from the feed stream. Electrolyze the feed stream by applying a potential of 30 amperes and 5 V to produce alkaline water adjacent to the cathode and acidic water adjacent to the anode. This produces two separate product streams, one stream being an alkaline solution (alkaline water composition) (pH 10 to 12.5) and the other stream being an acidic solution (pH 4 to 5.8). Collect and analyze the two product streams separately. The certificate of analysis of the alkaline water composition shows:

[0192] Analyte Sodium, mg / kg 1360 Sodium calculated as sodium propionate, mg / kg 5685 Total dissolved solids, mg / L 5350 pH 12.2 Total alkalinity as CaCO3, mg / L 2120 <![CDATA[Alkalinity of carbonate, mg / L as CaCO3]]> 860 <![CDATA[Bicarbonate alkalinity as CaCO3, mg / L]]> 1260 Redox potential -82 Conductivity, μmhos / cm 5600

[0193] Example 3: Preparation of an alkaline water composition containing isopropyl alcohol

[0194] At ambient temperature, collect one stream (1 part) of the alkaline water composition from Example 2 and another stream (3 parts) of USP-grade isopropyl alcohol (IPA) in an oxygen-free sealed container to obtain an alkaline aqueous IPA composition with a total volume ratio of 75% IPA and 25% alkaline water. Analysis of the alkaline water composition containing IPA shows:

[0195] Analyte Total dissolved solids, mg / L 1710 pH 13.2 Redox potential -121 Conductivity, μmhos / cm 254

[0196] Example 4: Analytical methods

[0197] Sodium

[0198] The amount of sodium in the solution is determined using EPA 6010B, and metals are determined by ICP-OES.

[0199] Sodium propionate

[0200] Determine the amount of sodium propionate in the solution based on the amount of sodium in the solution, and then stoichiometrically convert it to sodium propionate with a coefficient of 4.18.

[0201] Total dissolved solids

[0202] The total dissolved solids in the solution are determined by SM 2540, which includes the determination of the total weight of the solids in a forced-draft oven at 180 °C.

[0203] pH

[0204] According to SM 4500H-B 2000, the pH of the sample in water is analyzed by potentiometry. The pH meter is calibrated with appropriate buffer solutions and the solution is analyzed. ATC is used to correct for temperature fluctuations.

[0205] Total alkalinity, bicarbonate and carbonate

[0206] The sample is analyzed according to SM 2320B, which includes titrating with acid to pH 8.3 (phenolphthalein) and 4.5 (methyl orange). The stoichiometry of all these defines the sum of all titratable bases in the solution. The results are expressed as calcium carbonate.

[0207] Redox potential (ORP)

[0208] The sample is analyzed according to SM 2580, which includes reading the ORP using an Ag / AgCl reference electrode. Calibration is checked with ZoBell solution (potassium ferrocyanide / potassium ferricyanide solution).

[0209] Conductivity

[0210] The sample is analyzed according to EPA 120.1, which includes reading the conductivity using a calibrated meter.

[0211] Example 5: Evaluation of Stimulation Potential - Study on the Chorioallantoic Membrane of Embryonated Hen Eggs

[0212] This study is based on the stimulatory effects (hyperemia, hemorrhage, coagulation) observed by trained individuals, which occur within 5 minutes after applying the test article to the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs on the tenth day of incubation. The stimulation potential is scored on a scale of 0 - 21. The test article is classified into one of the categories defined according to the average score obtained.

[0213] Preparation of eggs

[0214] Embryonated EOPS Leghorn Hen eggs (graded between 40 g and 75 g) were placed in a light - protected constant - temperature oven at 12°C ± 1°C for at least 24 hours. Then the eggs were placed in an incubator under controlled conditions of temperature (37.8°C ± 1°C) and relative humidity (50% - 60%). During their 10 - day incubation period, the eggs were placed in an incubator with an oscillating plate in the upright position. On the 10th day of incubation, the eggs were removed one by one from the incubator and candled with a lamp. Defective eggs (pictures not corresponding to the expected developmental stage) were eliminated, and the selected eggs were placed in a holder. The shell of each selected egg was drilled with a lance - shaped needle, opened and cut at the air - cell level until the limit of the shell membrane. The entire surface of the shell membrane was moistened with 0.9% sodium chloride solution and warmed at 37°C. Then, the eggs were tilted to remove the excess 0.9% sodium chloride solution, and the shell membrane was carefully removed with forceps to expose the underlying CAM. Any egg with a damaged CAM was immediately discarded.

[0215] Test article Application

[0216] The alkaline water composition of Example 2 and the alkaline water composition containing isopropanol of Example 3 were each tested on 4 different eggs. 300 μL of the composition of Example 3 was deposited on the CAM using a micropipette. After 20 seconds of contact, the CAM was rinsed with 5 mL of sodium chloride isotonic solution using a syringe. The rinse solution was removed by tilting the egg. Possible irritation phenomena were observed within 5 minutes. Observations were made visually considering the test article symbol. The exact time of appearance of each phenomenon was recorded. The observed phenomena were defined as follows:

[0217] a) Hyperemia - Capillaries that were not visible before the addition of the test article became visible, and the visible capillaries dilated and turned red;

[0218] b) Hemorrhage - Release of blood escaping from blood vessels and / or capillaries

[0219] c) Coagulation (opacity and / or thrombosis) - Opacity: Appearance of the whole or part of the membrane, which may develop into an opaque milky veil or a directly opaque covering membrane; Thrombosis: Disruption of blood flow in blood vessels resulting in a segmented appearance.

[0220] Expression and interpretation of test results

[0221] The observed phenomena were qualitatively evaluated according to the following table based on the occurrence rate:

[0222]

[0223] Each observed phenomenon is counted only once when it occurs. The score for each egg is the sum of the records of hyperemia, hemorrhage, and coagulation. The symbol for the test article is the arithmetic mean of 4 eggs, rounded to one decimal place. The following scale gives the irritation potential of the test article in the chorioallantoic membrane:

[0224] Mean score (MSc) Classification MSc<1 Non-irritating 1 < MSc < 5 Mildly irritating 5 < MSc < 9 Moderately irritating MSc > 9 Irritation

[0225] The test results showed that in the chorioallantoic membrane test, the composition of Example 2 was slightly to moderately irritating (average score 5 + 1.6), while the composition of Example 3 was non-irritating (average score < 1).

[0226] Test article Classification Composition of Example 2 Mild / moderate irritation Composition of Example 3 Non-irritating

Claims

1. An alkaline water composition having the following properties: (a) Sodium content is from 200 mg / kg to 1500 mg / kg; (b) Sodium content in terms of sodium propionate is from 1000 mg / kg to 5800 mg / kg; (c) Total dissolved solids is from 1500 mg / L to 5500 mg / L; (d) pH is from 10.0 to 13.5; (e) Total alkalinity in terms of CaCO3 is from 1100 mg / L to 3000 mg / L; (f) Carbonate alkalinity in terms of CaCO3 is from 0 mg / L to 1000 mg / L; (g) Bicarbonate alkalinity in terms of CaCO3 is from 1100 mg / L to 2000 mg / L; (h) Redox potential is from -150 to 300; and (i) Conductivity is from 200 μmhos / cm to 5800 μmhos / cm, wherein the alkaline water composition further comprises 10% to 95% by volume of an alcohol, and wherein the alcohol is isopropyl alcohol.

2. An alkaline water composition having the following properties: (a) Sodium content is from 1100 mg / kg to 1500 mg / kg; (b) Sodium content in terms of sodium propionate is from 5000 mg / kg to 5800 mg / kg; (c) Total dissolved solids is from 5000 mg / L to 5500 mg / L; (d) pH is from 10.0 to 12.5; (e) Total alkalinity in terms of CaCO3 is from 1100 mg / L to 3000 mg / L; (f) Carbonate alkalinity in terms of CaCO3 is from 0 mg / L to 1000 mg / L; (g) Bicarbonate alkalinity in terms of CaCO3 is from 1100 mg / L to 2000 mg / L; (h) Redox potential is from -125 to 300; and (i) Conductivity is from 3800 μmhos / cm to 5800 μmhos / cm, wherein the alkaline water composition further comprises 10% to 95% by volume of an alcohol, and wherein the alcohol is isopropyl alcohol.

3. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1, having a sodium content of from 200 mg / kg to 550 mg / kg.

4. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1, having a sodium content of from 250 mg / kg to 500 mg / kg.

5. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1, having a sodium content of from 300 mg / kg to 450 mg / kg.

6. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, having a sodium content of from 1200 mg / kg to 1400 mg / kg.

7. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, having a sodium content of from 1200 mg / kg to 1300 mg / kg.

8. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, having a sodium content of from 1300 mg / kg to 1400 mg / kg.

9. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1, having a sodium content in terms of sodium propionate of from 1000 mg / kg to 1800 mg / kg.

10. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1, wherein the sodium content calculated as sodium propionate is 1000 mg / kg to 1500 mg / kg.

11. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1, wherein the sodium content calculated as sodium propionate is 1100 mg / kg to 1300 mg / kg.

12. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the sodium content calculated as sodium propionate is 5100 mg / kg to 5750 mg / kg.

13. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the sodium content calculated as sodium propionate is 5100 mg / kg to 5300 mg / kg.

14. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the sodium content calculated as sodium propionate is 5600 mg / kg to 5750 mg / kg.

15. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1, wherein the total dissolved solids is 1500 mg / L to 2000 mg / L.

16. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1, wherein the total dissolved solids is 1650 mg / L to 1750 mg / L.

17. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the total dissolved solids is 5200 mg / L to 5400 mg / L.

18. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the total dissolved solids is 5200 mg / L to 5300 mg / L.

19. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the total dissolved solids is 5300 mg / L to 5400 mg / L.

20. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1, wherein the pH is 11.5 to 13.

5.

21. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1, wherein the pH is 12.5 to 13.

5.

22. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1, wherein the pH is 13.0 to 13.

5.

23. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the pH is 10.5 to 12.

5.

24. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the pH is 11.5 to 12.

5.

25. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the pH is 12.0 to 12.

5.

26. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the total alkalinity calculated as CaCO3 is 1500 mg / L to 2600 mg / L.

27. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the total alkalinity calculated as CaCO3 is 1700 mg / L to 2200 mg / L.

28. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the total alkalinity calculated as CaCO3 is 1700 mg / L to 1950 mg / L.

29. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the total alkalinity calculated as CaCO3 is 2050 mg / L to 2200 mg / L.

30. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, having a carbonate alkalinity of 0 mg / L to 5 mg / L in terms of CaCO3.

31. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, having a carbonate alkalinity of 750 mg / L to 1000 mg / L in terms of CaCO3.

32. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, having a bicarbonate alkalinity of 1200 mg / L to 1900 mg / L in terms of CaCO3.

33. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, having a bicarbonate alkalinity of 1200 mg / L to 1400 mg / L in terms of CaCO3.

34. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, having a bicarbonate alkalinity of 1700 mg / L to 1900 mg / L in terms of CaCO3.

35. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1, having an oxidation-reduction potential of -150 to -25.

36. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1, having an oxidation-reduction potential of -150 to -100.

37. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, having an oxidation-reduction potential of -100 to 250.

38. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, having an oxidation-reduction potential of -100 to -25.

39. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, having an oxidation-reduction potential of 200 to 250.

40. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1, having a conductivity of 200 μmhos / cm to 700 μmhos / cm.

41. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1, having a conductivity of 200 μmhos / cm to 400 μmhos / cm.

42. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1, having a conductivity of 200 μmhos / cm to 300 μmhos / cm.

43. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, having a conductivity of 3900 μmhos / cm to 5700 μmhos / cm.

44. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, having a conductivity of 3900 μmhos / cm to 4000 μmhos / cm.

45. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, having a conductivity of 5500 μmhos / cm to 5700 μmhos / cm.

46. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 has the following properties: (a) The sodium content is 250 mg / kg to 500 mg / kg; (b) The sodium content in terms of sodium propionate is 1100 mg / kg to 1350 mg / kg; (c) The total dissolved solids is 1650 mg / L to 1750 mg / L; (d) The pH is 13.0 to 13.5; (e) The total alkalinity in terms of CaCO3 is 2050 mg / L to 2200 mg / L; (f) The carbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 is 750 mg / L to 1000 mg / L; (g) The bicarbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 is 1200 mg / L to 1400 mg / L; (h) The redox potential is -150 to -25; and (i) The conductivity is 200 μmhos / cm to 300 μmhos / cm.

47. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1, having the following properties: (a) The sodium content is 400 mg / kg; (b) The sodium content as sodium propionate is 1200 mg / kg; (c) The total dissolved solids is 1650 mg / L to 1750 mg / L; (d) The pH is 13.2; (e) The total alkalinity as CaCO3 is 2120 mg / L; (f) The carbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 is 860 mg / L; (g) The bicarbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 is 1260 mg / L; (h) The redox potential is -121; and (i) The conductivity is 254 μmhos / cm.

48. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, having the following properties: (a) The sodium content is 1300 mg / kg to 1400 mg / kg; (b) The sodium content as sodium propionate is 5600 mg / kg to 5750 mg / kg; (c) The total dissolved solids is 5300 mg / L to 5400 mg / L; (d) The pH is 11.5 to 12.5; (e) The total alkalinity as CaCO3 is 2050 mg / L to 2200 mg / L; (f) The carbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 is 750 mg / L to 1000 mg / L; (g) The bicarbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 is 1200 mg / L to 1400 mg / L; (h) The redox potential is -100 to -25; and (i) The conductivity is 5500 μmhos / cm to 5700 μmhos / cm.

49. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, having the following properties: (a) The sodium content is 1360 mg / kg; (b) The sodium content as sodium propionate is 5685 mg / kg; (c) The total dissolved solids is 5350 mg / L; (d) The pH is 12.2; (e) The total alkalinity as CaCO3 is 2120 mg / L; (f) The carbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 is 860 mg / L; (g) The bicarbonate alkalinity as CaCO3 is 1260 mg / L; (h) The redox potential is -82; and (i) The conductivity is 5600 μmhos / cm.

50. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the alkaline water composition does not contain a buffer.

51. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the alkaline water composition contains pharmaceutical grade water.

52. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the alkaline water composition contains sodium propionate of United States Pharmacopeia (USP) grade.

53. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the alkaline water composition comprises sodium propionate of European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur.) grade.

54. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the alkaline water composition comprises sodium propionate of United States Pharmacopeia (USP) grade and European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur.) grade.

55. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the composition comprises 25% to 90% alcohol by volume.

56. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the composition comprises 75% alcohol and 25% alkaline water by volume.

57. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the composition comprises 65% alcohol and 35% alkaline water by volume.

58. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the composition comprises 50% alcohol and 50% alkaline water by volume.

59. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the freezing point of the composition is -60°C to -10°C.

60. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the freezing point of the composition is -50°C to -15°C.

61. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the freezing point of the composition is -40°C to -20°C.

62. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the freezing point of the composition is -40°C to -30°C.

63. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the composition does not cause skin irritation or sensitization.

64. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the alkaline water composition is organic.

65. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the alkaline water composition has a negative ionic charge.

66. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the alkaline water composition is an antioxidant.

67. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the alkaline water composition is hypoallergenic.

68. The alkaline water composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the alkaline water composition is hypotonic.

69. Use of the alkaline water composition according to any one of claims 1 - 68 in the preparation of a medicament for cleaning eyelashes in an individual in need thereof.

70. Use of the alkaline water composition according to any one of claims 1 - 68 in the preparation of a medicament for cleaning hair in an individual in need thereof.

71. Use of the alkaline water composition according to any one of claims 1 - 68 in the preparation of a medicament for cleaning skin in an individual in need thereof to remove sweat, dirt, or a combination thereof.

72. A method for moisturizing skin in an individual in need thereof, which comprises administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition according to any one of claims 1 - 68.

73. A method for moisturizing eyelashes in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition according to any one of claims 1-68.

74. A method for moisturizing hair in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual in need thereof an effective amount of the alkaline water composition according to any one of claims 1-68.

75. Use of the alkaline water composition according to any one of claims 1-68 in the preparation of a medicament for treating sunburn in an individual in need thereof.

76. Use of the alkaline water composition according to any one of claims 1-68 in the preparation of a medicament for treating wounds in an individual in need thereof.

77. Use of the alkaline water composition according to any one of claims 1-68 in the preparation of a medicament for treating pain in an individual in need thereof.

78. Use of the alkaline water composition according to any one of claims 1-68 in the preparation of a medicament for treating inflammation in an individual in need thereof.

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