A grinding structure of a sand belt type rail grinding vehicle

Abstract

The present invention provides a grinding structure for a sanding belt type rail grinding vehicle. It comprises: an open sanding belt transmission mechanism, a pressurizing motion mechanism and a winding and unwinding motion mechanism, as well as a pressure loading mechanism for realizing pressurizing motion, a sanding belt guide mechanism and a chip brush mechanism during the sanding belt transmission process. The open sanding belt transmission mechanism comprises a sanding belt disc structure and a sanding belt joint module, and the sanding belt disc structure is arranged at both the winding and unwinding locations. The sanding belt disc structure comprises a connecting shaft, a reel axis, a baffle and a reel end cover. The pressurizing motion mechanism comprises an electric cylinder connector, a guide rail, a slider, a pressure sensor, a pressure sensor connecting plate and a pressure grinding plate structure. The sanding belt guide mechanism comprises a first end cover, a guide wheel, a shaft sleeve and a guide wheel shaft. The present invention proposes a sanding belt type rail rapid grinding structure that adopts an open sanding belt rapid grinding operation mode and utilizes force-speed matching to control the winding of the sanding belt, providing a new method for improving the efficiency of the grinding operation and realizing active control of the grinding amount.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rail abrasive belt grinding, in particular to a grinding structure of a sand belt type rail grinding vehicle. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous increase in my country's railway operating mileage, rail maintenance demand is rapidly increasing, and operating hours are becoming increasingly tight, creating an urgent need for more efficient, high-quality, and economical rail grinding technology. The use of rail grinding technology for line maintenance has become a consensus in the domestic and international line maintenance industry. Rail grinding technology plays a vital role in improving line operation quality and extending rail service life.

[0003] Rail belt grinding technology offers high-efficiency, cold-state, and elastic grinding, and boasts broader application prospects than grinding wheel technology. As an emerging rapid rail grinding technology, its high efficiency and independence from "window time" have made it a popular rail grinding and maintenance method for railway line maintenance. The belt-type rapid grinding mechanism is the core structure of the entire grinding equipment. The rationality of the grinding mechanism and the appropriateness of the control method directly affect the actual application performance of this method.

[0004] During the operation of a belt sander, the sander's operating speed and the material removal capacity of the sanding structure directly affect the sander's operating efficiency. This means that a high operating speed must be maintained while achieving a higher material removal efficiency. Currently, there is no existing method in the art that can effectively remove material from sanding structures during high-speed operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention provides a grinding structure of a sand belt type rail grinding vehicle, so as to effectively improve the grinding efficiency of the sand belt type rail grinding vehicle.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0007] A grinding structure of a sanding belt type rail grinding vehicle comprises: an open sanding belt transmission mechanism, a pressurizing movement mechanism and a reeling belt movement mechanism, as well as a pressure loading mechanism (5) for realizing pressurizing movement, a sanding belt guide mechanism (3) and a chip brushing mechanism (4) during the sanding belt transmission process; the open sanding belt transmission mechanism, the reeling belt movement mechanism and the sanding belt guide mechanism (3) are connected via a sanding belt (2); the pressurizing movement mechanism and the pressure loading mechanism (5) are connected via a grinding plate structure (59); and the chip brushing mechanism is connected to the reeling belt movement mechanism via a sanding structure support plate (7).

[0008] Preferably, the open sanding belt transmission mechanism comprises a sanding belt disc structure (1), a sanding belt (2) and a joint module (6); the sanding belt disc structure (1) is arranged at the belt winding and belt unwinding locations, and a grinding structure support plate (7) that supports the open sanding belt transmission mechanism; support plate fixing heads (8) are installed on both sides of the grinding structure support plate (7); the support plate fixing heads (8) are used to install the entire grinding structure; the unwinding sanding belt disc structure (1) winds up the sanding belt (2) to be used, and the sanding belt (2) is wound into the belt winding sanding belt disc structure (1) through the front and rear guide mechanisms (3) and the grinding plate structure (59); the sanding belt (2) performs a grinding operation under the action of the grinding plate structure (59).

[0009] Preferably, the sanding belt disc structure (1) comprises a connecting shaft (16), a reel axis (11), a baffle (15) and a reel end cover (12), as well as a locking buckle (14) and a pin (13) for fixing the sanding belt (2), one end of the connecting shaft (16) is connected to the joint module (6) in the form of a flange, and the other end is connected to the reel axis (11) by a key; the locking buckle (14) presses the sanding belt (2), and the position of the locking buckle (14) is fixed by the pin (13), thereby achieving the fixation of one end of the sanding belt (2); two baffles (15) are fixed to both sides of the reel axis (11) by bolts, and the baffles (15) are used to limit the axial movement of the sanding belt (2); the reel end cover (12) is fixed to the connecting shaft (16) by bolts, and the reel end cover (12) is used to limit the axial position of the reel axis (11).

[0010] Preferably, the sanding belt guide mechanism (3) comprises a first end cover (31), a guide wheel (32), a sleeve (33), a guide wheel shaft (34), a second end cover (35), a guide wheel bearing seat (37), a bearing (36), a third end cover (38) and an encoder (39); the first end cover (31) and the sleeve (33) perform axial positioning on the guide wheel (32); the guide wheel shaft (34) is fixed to the guide wheel bearing seat (37) through the bearing (36) and the second end cover (35) and the third end cover (38), so as to realize the relative rotation of the guide wheel (32) relative to the guide wheel bearing seat (37); the encoder (39) is fixed to the third end cover (38) and is connected to the guide wheel shaft (34); the sanding belt (2) drives the guide wheel (32) and the guide wheel shaft (34) to rotate during the rotation process, and the encoder (39) monitors the linear speed of the sanding belt (2), and monitors the remaining length of the sanding belt and the actual update speed.

[0011] Preferably, the pressure loading mechanism (5) includes an electric cylinder (51), an electric cylinder bracket (52), an electric cylinder connector (53), a guide rail (55), a slider (54), a pressure sensor (56), a pressure sensor connecting plate (57), a slide rail mounting plate (58) and a grinding plate structure (59); the electric cylinder (51) is connected to the grinding structure support plate (7) through the electric cylinder bracket (52); the output end of the electric cylinder (51) is connected to the pressure sensor (56) through the electric cylinder connector (53); one end of the electric cylinder connector (53) is fixedly connected to the slider (54); the slider (54) cooperates with the slide rail (55) and is fixed on the slide rail mounting plate (58); the slide rail mounting plate (58) is fixed on the grinding structure support plate (7); the upper end of the pressure sensor connecting plate (57) is fixedly connected to the pressure sensor (56), and the lower end is rotatably connected to the grinding plate structure (59) through a pin.

[0012] Preferably, the pressurizing movement mechanism includes an electric cylinder connecting member (53), a guide rail (55), a slider (54), a pressure sensor (56), a pressure sensor connecting plate (57) and a grinding plate structure (59); when the electric cylinder (51) applies pressure, it drives the electric cylinder connecting member (53), the slider (54), the pressure sensor (56), the pressure sensor mounting plate (57) and the grinding plate structure (59) to apply pressure, and the grinding plate structure (59) presses the sanding belt (2) against the surface of the rail to achieve material removal from the surface of the rail; during the pressurizing movement, the pressure sensor (56) feeds back pressure data in real time.

[0013] Preferably, the grinding plate structure (59) includes a grinding plate body (592), a grinding plate connecting plate (591) and a friction block (593); the front and rear ends of the grinding plate connecting plate (591) are connected to the grinding plate body (592), and are rotatably connected to the pressure sensor connecting plate (57) through a hole in the middle; the grinding plate body (592) is in a double hump shape with a circular hole in the middle for dispersing pressure; three identical friction blocks (593) are fixed to the lower end of the grinding plate body (592).

[0014] Preferably, the brush structure (4) includes a stepper motor (41), a motor bracket (42), a clamping sleeve (43) and a steel brush wheel (44); the stepper motor (41) is fixedly connected to the motor bracket (42); the motor bracket (42) is fixed on the polishing structure support plate (7); the output end of the stepper motor (41) is connected to the brush wheel (44) through the clamping sleeve (43).

[0015] Preferably, the belt winding and unwinding motion mechanism comprises a joint module (6) and a grinding structure support plate (7); during the unwinding process, the joint module (6) is fixed on the grinding structure support plate (7); one end of the unwinding shaft is connected to the sanding belt disc structure via a key; the braking force of the joint module (6) is transmitted to the sanding belt disc structure (1) at the unwinding position; and the joint module (6) causes the sanding belt (2) to unwind;

[0016] During the tape winding process, the joint module (6) is fixed on the grinding structure support plate (7), one end of the reel is connected to the abrasive belt disc structure via a key, and the driving force of the joint module (6) is transmitted to the abrasive belt disc structure (1) at the reeling position, so that the joint module (6) drives the abrasive belt disc structure (1) to roll the tape.

[0017] It can be seen from the technical solutions provided by the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention that the embodiments of the present invention propose a belt-type rail rapid grinding structure that adopts an open sanding belt rapid grinding operation mode and uses force-speed matching to control the winding of the sanding belt, providing a new method for improving the efficiency of the grinding operation and realizing active control of the grinding amount.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the following description, will become apparent from the following description, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 A structural diagram of a grinding structure of a belt-type rail grinding vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A novel abrasive belt disc structure of a grinding operation unit of a belt-type rapid grinding vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 A novel abrasive belt guide mechanism for a grinding operation unit of a belt-type rapid grinding vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 A pressure loading mechanism for a grinding operation unit of a novel belt-type rapid grinding vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 A novel grinding plate structure of a grinding operation unit of a belt-type rapid grinding vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 A novel chip brush structure for a grinding unit of a belt-type rapid grinding machine is provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] The parts in the figure are numbered as follows: sanding belt disc structure 1, sanding belt 2, front and rear guide mechanism 3, pressure loading mechanism 5, brush mechanism 4, joint module 6, grinding structure support plate 7, support plate fixing head 8, reel axis 11, reel end cover 12, pin 13, locking buckle 14, baffle 15, connecting shaft 16, first end cover 31, guide wheel 32, bushing 33, guide wheel shaft 34, second end cover 35, bearing 36, guide wheel bearing seat 37, third end cover 38, encoder 39, electric cylinder 51, electric cylinder bracket 52, electric cylinder connector 53, guide rail 55, slider 54, pressure sensor 56, pressure sensor connecting plate 57, slide rail mounting plate 58, grinding plate structure 59, stepper motor 41, motor bracket 42, expansion sleeve 43 and steel brush wheel 44. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0028] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless expressly stated otherwise, the singular forms "a", "an", "said" and "the" used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "comprising" used in the description of the present invention refers to the presence of the features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we refer to an element as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it may be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. In addition, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wireless connections or couplings. The term "and / or" used herein includes any unit and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0029] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art in the art to which the present invention pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in common dictionaries should be understood to have meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the prior art and, unless defined as such herein, will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.

[0030] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, several specific embodiments will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, each embodiment does not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] In order to enable open sanding belts to be applied to the rail grinding industry, an embodiment of the present invention provides a sanding belt type rail rapid grinding unit structure and control method. The grinding unit structure includes a belt winding and unwinding mechanism, a guide mechanism, a grinding pressure mechanism, etc., which can realize belt winding and unwinding movement, tensioning movement, grinding pressure and other movements. The control method of the sanding belt winding is force-speed control, and the grinding pressure control is fuzzy PID control, which can achieve uniform speed update of the sanding belt under high-speed operation and effectively control the grinding amount.

[0032] The embodiment of the present invention provides a structural diagram of a grinding structure of a belt type rail grinding vehicle. Figure 1 As shown, the open sanding belt transmission mechanism includes a pressure-applying movement mechanism, a winding belt movement mechanism, and other mechanical structures, and also includes a pressure loading mechanism 4 for realizing the pressure-applying movement, a sanding belt guide mechanism 3 during the sanding belt transmission process, and a sanding belt guide mechanism 5. The open sanding belt transmission mechanism, the winding belt movement mechanism, and the sanding belt guide mechanism (3) are connected through the sanding belt (2), the pressure-applying movement mechanism and the pressure loading mechanism (5) are connected through the grinding plate structure (59), and the said sanding brush structure is connected to the winding belt movement mechanism through the grinding structure support plate (7).

[0033] The embodiment of the present invention provides a novel abrasive belt type rapid abrasive grinding machine abrasive belt disc structure of the grinding operation unit as follows Figure 2 As shown, the belt guide mechanism is as follows Figure 3 As shown, the pressure loading mechanism is as follows Figure 4 As shown, the grinding plate structure is as follows Figure 5 As shown, the brush structure is as follows Figure 6 The open abrasive belt transmission mechanism includes an abrasive belt disc structure 1 (with two locations for winding and unwinding), an abrasive belt 2, and a joint module 6. The abrasive belt disc structure 1 is provided at both the winding and unwinding locations, and a grinding structure support plate 7 that supports the aforementioned device. Support plate fixing heads 8 are installed on both sides of the grinding structure support plate, and the support plate fixing heads 8 are used to mount the entire grinding structure. The unwinding abrasive belt disc structure 1 winds up the abrasive belt 2 to be used, which is then wound into the winding abrasive belt disc structure 1 via the front and rear guide mechanisms 3 and the grinding plate structure 59. The grinding belt 2 is subjected to the grinding plate structure 59 to perform a grinding operation.

[0034] The sanding belt disc structure 1 includes a connecting shaft 16, a reel core 11, a baffle 15, and a reel end cap 12, as well as a locking buckle 14 and a pin 13 for fixing the sanding belt 2. One end of the connecting shaft 16 is connected to the joint module 6 in the form of a flange, and the other end is connected to the reel core 11 via a key; the locking buckle 14 presses the sanding belt 2, and the position of the locking buckle 14 is fixed by the pin 13, thereby fixing one end of the sanding belt 2; two baffles 15 are fixed to both sides of the reel core 11 by bolts, and the baffles 15 are used to limit the axial movement of the sanding belt 2; the reel end cap 12 is fixed to the connecting shaft 16 by bolts, and the reel end cap 12 is used to limit the axial position of the reel core 11.

[0035] The sanding belt guide mechanism 3 includes a first end cover 31, a guide wheel 32, a sleeve 33, a guide wheel shaft 34, a second end cover 35, a guide wheel bearing seat 37, a bearing 36, a third end cover 38 and an encoder 39, etc.; the first end cover 31 and the sleeve 33 axially position the guide wheel 32; the guide wheel shaft 34 is fixed to the guide wheel bearing seat 37 through the bearing 36, the second end cover 35 and the third end cover 38, thereby realizing the relative rotation of the guide wheel 32 relative to the guide wheel bearing seat 37; the encoder 39 is fixed to the third end cover 38 and is connected to the guide wheel shaft 34; during the rotation of the sanding belt 2, the guide wheel 32 and the guide wheel shaft 34 are driven to rotate, and the encoder 39 can monitor the linear speed of the sanding belt 2, which is used to monitor the remaining length of the sanding belt and the actual update speed.

[0036] The pressure loading mechanism 4 includes an electric cylinder 51, an electric cylinder bracket 52, an electric cylinder connector 53, a guide rail 55, a slider 54, a pressure sensor 56, a pressure sensor connecting plate 57, a slide rail mounting plate 58, and a grinding plate structure 59. The electric cylinder 51 is connected to the grinding structure support plate 7 via the electric cylinder bracket 52; the output end of the electric cylinder 51 is connected to the pressure sensor 56 via the electric cylinder connector 53; one end of the electric cylinder connector 53 is fixedly connected to the slider 54; the slider 54 cooperates with the slide rail 55 and is fixed to the slide rail mounting plate 58; the slide rail mounting plate 58 is fixed to the grinding structure support plate 7; the upper end of the pressure sensor connecting plate 57 is fixedly connected to the pressure sensor 56, and the lower end is rotatably connected to the grinding plate structure 59 via a pin; these components constitute the elements that realize the pressurizing movement.

[0037] The pressurizing mechanism includes an electric cylinder connector 53, a guide rail 55, a slider 54, a pressure sensor 56, a pressure sensor connecting plate 57, and a grinding plate structure 59. When the electric cylinder 51 applies pressure, it drives the electric cylinder connector 53, the slider 54, the pressure sensor 56, the pressure sensor mounting plate 57, and the grinding plate structure 59 to apply pressure. The grinding plate structure 59 presses the abrasive belt 2 against the rail surface, thereby removing material from the rail surface. During the pressurizing movement, the pressure sensor 56 provides real-time feedback of pressure data.

[0038] The grinding plate structure 59 consists of a grinding plate body 592, a grinding plate connecting plate 591, and friction blocks 593. The grinding plate connecting plate 591 is connected to the grinding plate body 592 at its front and rear ends and pivotally connected to the pressure sensor connecting plate 57 through a hole in its center. The grinding plate body 592 is double-humped and has a circular hole in its center for pressure distribution. Three identical friction blocks 593 are fixed to the lower end of the grinding plate body 592.

[0039] The chip brushing structure 4 comprises a stepper motor 41, a motor bracket 42, a clamping sleeve 43, and a steel brush wheel 44. The stepper motor 41 is fixedly connected to the motor bracket 42, which is fixed to the grinding structure support plate 7. The output end of the stepper motor 41 is connected to the chip brush wheel 44 via the clamping sleeve 43. During the grinding operation, the steel brush wheel effectively removes grinding debris from the surface of the sanding belt.

[0040] The aforementioned belt unwinding and rewinding mechanism includes a joint module 6 and a grinding structure support plate 7. During the unwinding process, the joint module 6 is fixed to the grinding structure support plate 7, and one end of the unwinding shaft is connected to the abrasive belt disc structure via a key. The braking force of the joint module 6 is transmitted to the abrasive belt disc structure 1 at the unwinding position; the joint module 6 enables the abrasive belt 2 to be unwound slowly. During the winding process, the joint module 6 is fixed to the grinding structure support plate 7; the driving force of the joint module 6 is transmitted to the abrasive belt disc structure 1 at the winding position, and one end of the winding shaft is connected to the abrasive belt disc structure via a key, so that the joint module 6 drives the abrasive belt disc structure 1 to wind the belt.

[0041] The coordinated control of the winding system is achieved by the joint module at the rewinding part and the joint module at the unwinding part respectively obtaining the corresponding speed and torque signals, which are processed by the controller and output to the joint module at the unwinding part to control the unwinding movement. At the same time, the signals are output to the joint module at the rewinding part to control the winding movement, so that the winding and unwinding movements achieve coordinated and synchronous movements.

[0042] The fuzzy PID (Proportional, Integral and Differential) control in the pressurizing motion is to obtain a pressure signal from the pressure sensor 46 in the pressurizing motion, and control the output pressure of the electric cylinder after processing by the controller, so that the grinding structure can effectively and actively control the grinding amount during the grinding operation.

[0043] In summary, the grinding structure of the belt-type rail grinding vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] (1) Use open belt grinding operation mode to achieve efficient and fast grinding by relying on driving speed;

[0045] (2) The force-speed matching control method can effectively and actively control the grinding amount;

[0046] (3) The motor directly drives the tape reel to reduce transmission loss;

[0047] (4) Rationally arrange the positions of the various components of the grinding operation unit to minimize the overall size of the space and facilitate the subsequent combination of the grinding structure and the grinding vehicle as well as the collection of grinding chips;

[0048] (5) The grinding unit fully considers the technical characteristics of open belt grinding for rail grinding, ensuring that all forms of movement are driven by electric means. The structural rigidity is reasonable and compact, and the control method is efficient and stable, providing institutional guarantees and control support for the technical advantages of rapid belt rail grinding.

[0049] Those skilled in the art will understand that the accompanying drawings are merely schematic diagrams of an embodiment, and the modules or processes in the accompanying drawings are not necessarily required to implement the present invention.

[0050] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the components of the apparatus described in the embodiments may be distributed throughout the apparatus described in the embodiments, or may be modified accordingly and located in one or more apparatuses different from the embodiments. The components of the above embodiments may be combined into a single component or further divided into multiple subcomponents.

[0051] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the device or system embodiments, since they are basically similar to the method embodiments, the description is relatively simple. For the relevant parts, refer to the partial description of the method embodiments. The device and system embodiments described above are merely schematic, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment. A person of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without making any creative efforts.

[0052] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A grinding structure of a sand belt type rail grinding vehicle, characterized in that: include: An open sanding belt transmission mechanism, a pressurizing movement mechanism and a reeling movement mechanism, as well as a pressure loading mechanism (5) for realizing pressurizing movement, a front and rear guide mechanism (3) and a chip brushing mechanism (4) during the sanding belt transmission process, wherein the open sanding belt transmission mechanism, the reeling movement mechanism and the front and rear guide mechanism (3) are connected via the sanding belt (2), the pressurizing movement mechanism and the pressure loading mechanism (5) are connected via a grinding plate structure (59), and the chip brushing mechanism is connected to the reeling movement mechanism via a grinding structure support plate (7); The open sanding belt transmission mechanism comprises a sanding belt disc structure (1), a sanding belt (2) and a joint module (6); the sanding belt disc structure (1) is arranged at the belt winding and belt unwinding locations, and a grinding structure support plate (7) supporting the open sanding belt transmission mechanism; support plate fixing heads (8) are installed on both sides of the grinding structure support plate (7); the support plate fixing heads (8) are used to install the entire grinding structure; the unwinding sanding belt disc structure (1) winds up the sanding belt (2) to be used, and the sanding belt (2) is wound into the belt winding sanding belt disc structure (1) through the front and rear guide mechanisms (3) and the grinding plate structure (59); the sanding belt (2) performs a grinding operation under the action of the grinding plate structure (59); The front and rear guide mechanism (3) includes a first end cover (31), a guide wheel (32), a shaft sleeve (33), a guide wheel shaft (34), a second end cover (35), a guide wheel bearing seat (37), a bearing (36), a third end cover (38) and an encoder (39). The first end cover (31) and the shaft sleeve (33) axially position the guide wheel (32); the guide wheel shaft (34) is fixed to the guide wheel bearing seat (37) through the bearing (36) and the second end cover (35) and the third end cover (38), so as to realize the relative rotation of the guide wheel (32) relative to the guide wheel bearing seat (37); the encoder (39) is fixed to the third end cover (38) and is connected to the guide wheel shaft (34); the sanding belt (2) drives the guide wheel (32) and the guide wheel shaft (34) to rotate during the rotation process, and the encoder (39) monitors the linear speed of the sanding belt (2), and monitors the remaining length of the sanding belt and the actual update speed; The pressure loading mechanism (5) comprises an electric cylinder (51), an electric cylinder bracket (52), an electric cylinder connector (53), a guide rail (55), a slider (54), a pressure sensor (56), a pressure sensor connecting plate (57), a slide rail mounting plate (58) and a grinding plate structure (59); the electric cylinder (51) is connected to the grinding structure support plate (7) through the electric cylinder bracket (52); the output end of the electric cylinder (51) is connected to the pressure sensor (56) through the electric cylinder connector (53); one end of the electric cylinder connector (53) is fixedly connected to the slider (54); the slider (54) cooperates with the guide rail (55) and is fixed on the slide rail mounting plate (58); the slide rail mounting plate (58) is fixed on the grinding structure support plate (7); the upper end of the pressure sensor connecting plate (57) is fixedly connected to the pressure sensor (56), and the lower end is rotatably connected to the grinding plate structure (59) through a pin; The grinding plate structure (59) includes a grinding plate body (592), a grinding plate connecting plate (591) and a friction block (593). The front and rear ends of the grinding plate connecting plate (591) are connected to the grinding plate body (592) and are rotatably connected to the pressure sensor connecting plate (57) through a hole in the middle. The grinding plate body (592) is in a double-hump shape with a circular hole in the middle for dispersing pressure. Three identical friction blocks (593) are fixed to the lower end of the grinding plate body (592).

2. The grinding structure of the belt type rail grinding vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sanding belt disc structure (1) comprises a connecting shaft (16), a reel axis (11), a baffle (15) and a reel end cover (12), as well as a locking buckle (14) and a pin (13) for fixing the sanding belt (2), one end of the connecting shaft (16) is connected to the joint module (6) in the form of a flange, and the other end is connected to the reel axis (11) through a key; the locking buckle (14) presses the sanding belt (2), and the position of the locking buckle (14) is fixed by the pin (13), thereby achieving the fixation of one end of the sanding belt (2); two baffles (15) are fixed to both sides of the reel axis (11) by bolts, and the baffles (15) are used to limit the axial movement of the sanding belt (2); the reel end cover (12) is fixed to the connecting shaft (16) by bolts, and the reel end cover (12) is used to limit the axial position of the reel axis (11).

3. The grinding structure of the belt type rail grinding vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressurizing movement mechanism comprises an electric cylinder connecting member (53), a guide rail (55), a slider (54), a pressure sensor (56), a pressure sensor connecting plate (57) and a grinding plate structure (59). When the electric cylinder (51) applies pressure, it drives the electric cylinder connecting member (53), the slider (54), the pressure sensor (56), the pressure sensor connecting plate (57) and the grinding plate structure (59) to apply pressure. The grinding plate structure (59) presses the sanding belt (2) against the surface of the rail to achieve material removal from the surface of the rail. During the pressurizing movement, the pressure sensor (56) provides real-time feedback of pressure data.

4. The grinding structure of the belt type rail grinding vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chip brushing mechanism (4) comprises a stepping motor (41), a motor bracket (42), an expansion sleeve (43) and a steel brush wheel (44); the stepping motor (41) is fixedly connected to the motor bracket (42); the motor bracket (42) is fixed to the polishing structure support plate (7); the output end of the stepping motor (41) is connected to the steel brush wheel (44) via the expansion sleeve (43).

5. The grinding structure of the belt type rail grinding vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The belt reeling and unwinding motion mechanism comprises a joint module (6) and a grinding structure support plate (7). During the unwinding process, the joint module (6) is fixed on the grinding structure support plate (7), one end of the unwinding shaft is connected to the abrasive belt disc structure via a key, the braking force of the joint module (6) is transmitted to the abrasive belt disc structure (1) at the unwinding position, and the joint module (6) causes the abrasive belt (2) to unwind. During the tape winding process, the joint module (6) is fixed on the grinding structure support plate (7), one end of the reel is connected to the abrasive belt disc structure via a key, and the driving force of the joint module (6) is transmitted to the abrasive belt disc structure (1) at the reeling position, so that the joint module (6) drives the abrasive belt disc structure (1) to roll the tape.

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