A TBM stepping method for open trench excavation with large negative slope in mining inclined shafts

Abstract

The present invention relates to a TBM stepping method for open trench excavation of a large negative slope mining inclined shaft, belonging to the technical field of mining inclined shaft construction. The problem that the TBM stepping method often slips is solved. The following steps are included: Step 1: Plane stepping in the horizontal assembly area; Step 2: Arc stepping in the arc-shaped transition section; Step 3: Stepping in the slope section. The present invention is connected to the reverse thrust frame through an anti-slip oil cylinder. Under the action of thrust, the force safety of the reverse thrust frame can meet the shield starting requirements, the maximum stress of the reverse thrust frame is less than the yield requirement, the maximum displacement is within the elastic deformation range, and its overall stability is good, which offsets the tendency of the TBM to slide down and reduces the risk of the TBM slipping.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) stepping method for inclined shafts in mines, belonging to the field of inclined shaft construction technology in mines. Background Technology

[0002] TBM tunneling machines integrate drilling, excavation, and protection, enabling efficient factory-style operations for long tunnel construction. They are the world's most advanced large-scale integrated tunnel construction equipment, representing the highest level of international tunnel construction technology, and are widely used in transportation, hydropower, mining, municipal, and defense engineering fields internationally.

[0003] Before the initial excavation after TBM assembly, stepping is a crucial step. Safe and efficient stepping provides a good start for the initial excavation and lays a solid foundation for subsequent tunneling. To ensure stepping safety and prevent significant deformation of the stepping mechanism when passing through transition sections, the rod chamber of the top propulsion cylinder must be filled with oil and locked before stepping, and the top of the front shield must be welded to the top of the support shield. During downhill stepping, anti-slip cylinders are installed. For TBM construction of steep downhill inclined shafts, the stress on the TBM differs significantly from that under horizontal conditions.

[0004] The TBM's stepping mechanism includes the following methods: ① In-tunnel assembly, using hydraulic cylinder propulsion + arc-shaped slide + partial sliding support frame; ② In-tunnel assembly, using motor drive + overall support bracket; ③ Out-of-tunnel assembly, using hydraulic cylinder propulsion + track roller trolley positioning and support.

[0005] Existing TBM stepping methods often result in TBM slippage, making it difficult to control TBM stepping within a normal range.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a TBM stepping method for open-cut excavation of inclined shafts with large negative slopes in mines to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention addresses the problem of slippage that frequently occurs in the stepping method of TBMs. A brief overview of the invention is provided below to offer a basic understanding of certain aspects thereof. It should be understood that this overview is not an exhaustive summary of the invention. It is not intended to identify key or essential parts of the invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0009] Step 1: Planar stepping of the horizontal assembly area, including the following steps:

[0010] Step 1.1: Install the thrust reverser in the first pile hole at the rear of the main unit. Connect one end of the auxiliary thrust cylinder to the main unit and establish a connection between the other end of the auxiliary thrust cylinder and the thrust reverser.

[0011] Step 1.2: The auxiliary push cylinder extends and presses against the counter-push frame, pushing the main unit forward so that the second pile hole is located behind the main unit;

[0012] Step 1.3: The auxiliary push cylinder is retracted, and the other end of the auxiliary push cylinder is separated from the reverse push frame. The reverse push frame is then installed in the second pile hole.

[0013] Step 2: The arc surface stepping of the arc transition section includes the following steps:

[0014] Step 2.1: Extend the anti-slip cylinder to connect it to the thrust reverser;

[0015] Step 2.2: The auxiliary push cylinder extends slowly, and the anti-slip cylinder pressure is applied;

[0016] Step 2.3: The auxiliary push cylinder pushes the main unit forward, and the anti-slip cylinder continues to extend passively, so that the third pile hole is located behind the main unit;

[0017] Step 2.4: Install the anti-slip column in the fourth pile hole in front of the cutterhead, and use jacks to support the anti-slip column and the cutterhead respectively;

[0018] Step 2.5: Remove the anti-slip cylinder from the thrust frame, retract the anti-slip cylinder, and retract the auxiliary thrust cylinder;

[0019] Step 2.6: Install the thrust reverser in the third pile hole and connect the anti-slip cylinder to the thrust reverser;

[0020] Step 2.7: Remove the jacks and anti-slip columns.

[0021] Step 3: Stepping on the slope.

[0022] Preferably, in step 1.2, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder pushes the main unit forward by 1.2m;

[0023] In step 1.3, the pusher frame inside the first pile hole is removed, and then the pusher frame is installed in the second pile hole.

[0024] Preferably, in step 2.1, after the anti-slip cylinder protruding end passes through the anti-push frame lug hole, a pin is inserted into the end of the anti-slip cylinder protruding end;

[0025] In step 2.2, no operation is performed after the small chamber of the anti-slip cylinder is given a pressure of 140 bar;

[0026] In step 2.3, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder pushes the main unit forward by 1.2m;

[0027] In step 2.4, an anti-slip column is inserted into the fourth pile hole closest to the front end of the cutter head.

[0028] Preferred option: Step 3 includes ramp section planar stepping and subsequent matching ramp section stepping.

[0029] Preferably, the planar stepping of the ramp section and the arc surface stepping of the arc transition section are the same as steps 2.1-2.7.

[0030] Preferred: The following steps are included in the subsequent ramp section stepping:

[0031] Step 3.1: After the rear trailer enters the slope section, the last rear trailer is equipped with a rail clamp and an anti-slip trailer cylinder.

[0032] Step 3.2: Before the trailer is placed on the rail, there are no anti-slip measures. If necessary, ear plates can be placed at appropriate positions on the trailer to connect the trailer.

[0033] Step 3.3: Use a 30t hoist to connect, and after traveling a certain distance, change the connection point of the matching trailer; after all trailers are on the track and fully connected, use the last trailer rail clamp anti-slip system to advance.

[0034] Preferred method: Using the temporary trailer anti-slip hoist under the temporary crane beam can lift the pusher frame and anti-slip column.

[0035] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. This invention connects the anti-slip cylinder to the thrust reverser. Under the action of thrust, the force safety of the thrust reverser can meet the requirements of shield tunneling initiation. The maximum stress of the thrust reverser is less than the yield requirement, and the maximum displacement is within the elastic deformation range. Its overall stability is good, which can offset the trend of TBM sliding down and reduce the risk of TBM slippage. The maximum negative slope angle that this device can adapt to can reach 14°.

[0037] 2. In this invention, an anti-slip column is inserted into the pile hole closest to the front end of the cutter head, and one end of the jack is used to hold the anti-slip column and the other end to hold the cutter head, so as to prevent the main unit from sliding down when the anti-slip cylinder is removed, thereby reducing the downward force of gravity on the rear trailer and thus reducing the risk of TBM sliding down.

[0038] 3. The present invention uses a temporary trailer anti-slip hoist connection, and the trailer connection point can be changed after traveling a certain distance. The TBM is prevented from slipping down by towing.

[0039] 4. In this invention, after the rear trailer enters the inclined section, the last trailer is equipped with a rail clamp anti-slip device. This device can be used to tow the rear trailer to prevent it from slipping. After all trailers are on the rail and fully connected, the last trailer rail clamp 14 anti-slip system can be used for stepping. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the front column and jack tightening the cutter head of the present invention.

[0041] In the diagram: 1-Cutterhead, 2-Temporary crane beam, 4-Jack, 5-Anti-slip column, 8-Reverse thrust frame, 9-Anti-slip cylinder, 20-Main unit, 21-Auxiliary thrust cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention is described below with reference to specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0043] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] Specific implementation method one: Combining Figure 1 This embodiment describes a TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) stepping method for open-cut excavation of inclined shafts with large negative slopes, comprising the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: Planar stepping of the horizontal assembly area;

[0046] Step 1.1: Install the thrust reverser 8 in the first pile hole at the rear of the main unit 20. One end of the auxiliary thrust cylinder 21 is connected to the main unit 20, and the other end of the auxiliary thrust cylinder 21 is engaged with the thrust reverser 8.

[0047] Step 1.2: The auxiliary push cylinder 21 extends and presses against the counter-push frame 8, pushing the main unit 20 forward so that the second pile hole is located behind the main unit 20;

[0048] The auxiliary hydraulic cylinder 21 pushes the main unit 20 forward by 1.2m;

[0049] Step 1.3: The auxiliary push cylinder 21 retracts, and the other end of the auxiliary push cylinder 21 separates from the reverse push frame 8;

[0050] Remove the pusher frame 8 from the first pile hole, and then install the pusher frame 8 in the second pile hole;

[0051] The stress safety of the thrust reverser 8 can meet the requirements for shield tunneling initiation. The maximum stress of the thrust reverser 8 is less than the yield requirement, and the maximum displacement is within the elastic deformation range.

[0052] Step 2: Curved surface stepping of the arc transition section;

[0053] Step 2.1: Extend the anti-slip cylinder 9 to connect it with the thrust reverser 8;

[0054] In step 2.1, after the extended end of the anti-slip cylinder 9 passes through the lug hole of the thrust frame 8, a pin is inserted into the extended end of the anti-slip cylinder 9.

[0055] Step 2.2: The auxiliary push cylinder 21 extends slowly, and the pressure of the anti-slip cylinder 9 is applied;

[0056] In step 2.2, no operation is performed after the small chamber of the anti-slip cylinder 9 is given a pressure of 140 bar;

[0057] Step 2.3: The auxiliary push cylinder 21 pushes the main unit 20 forward, and the anti-slip cylinder 9 continues to extend passively, so that the third pile hole is located behind the main unit 20;

[0058] In step 2.3, the auxiliary thrust cylinder 21 pushes the main unit 20 forward by 1.2m;

[0059] Step 2.4: Install the anti-slip column 5 in the fourth pile hole in front of the cutter head 1, and use the jack 4 to support the anti-slip column 5 and the cutter head 1 respectively; to prevent the main unit 20 from sliding down when disassembling the anti-slip cylinder 9.

[0060] In step 2.4, an anti-slip column 5 is inserted into the fourth pile hole closest to the front end of the cutter head 1; one end of the jack is used to hold the anti-slip column 5 against the cutter head 1, and the other end is used to hold the cutter head 1 against the anti-slip cylinder 9 to prevent the main unit from sliding down when the anti-slip cylinder 9 is removed, thereby reducing the downward force of gravity on the rear trailer and reducing the risk of the TBM sliding down.

[0061] Step 2.5: Remove the anti-slip cylinder 9 from the thrust frame 8, retract the anti-slip cylinder 9, and retract the auxiliary thrust cylinder 21;

[0062] Step 2.6: Install the thrust reverser 8 in the third pile hole and connect the anti-slip oil cylinder 9 to the thrust reverser 8;

[0063] Step 2.7; Remove jack 4 and anti-slip column 5;

[0064] The temporary trailer anti-slip hoist under the temporary crane beam 2 can be used to lift the pusher frame 8 and the anti-slip column 5.

[0065] Step 3: Proceeding on the slope;

[0066] Step 3 includes the planar stepping of the ramp section and the subsequent ramp stepping;

[0067] Steps 2.1-2.7 for the planar stepping of the slope section and the arc-shaped transition section; fine sand may not be laid for the planar stepping of the slope section.

[0068] The subsequent ramp section walking includes the following steps:

[0069] Step 3.1: After the rear trailer enters the slope section, the last rear trailer is equipped with rail clamps at the front and rear, and is also equipped with anti-slip trailer cylinders. After the rear trailer enters the slope section, the front rail clamps can be used to prevent the rear trailer from slipping. After all the rear trailers are on the rails and fully connected, the rear rail clamps can be used to prevent slipping and move forward.

[0070] Step 3.2: Before the trailer is placed on the rail, there are no anti-slip measures. If necessary, ear plates can be placed at appropriate positions on the trailer to connect the trailer.

[0071] Step 3.3: Use a 30t hoist to connect the TBM. After traveling a certain distance, change the connection point of the matching trailer. Prevent the TBM from slipping by towing it. After all trailers are on the track and fully connected, use the last trailer rail clamp anti-slip system to advance the TBM step by step.

[0072] It can effectively cope with the slippage of the tunneling machine caused by the self-weight of the TBM structure and the thrust of the rear trailer when descending steep slopes, ensuring safe slope advancement, reducing engineering risks, saving costs, and being easy to operate.

[0073] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, as long as the technical solutions are not contradictory, they can be permuted and combined. Those skilled in the art can exhaust all possibilities based on the mathematical knowledge of permutation and combination. Therefore, the present invention will not describe the technical solutions after permutation and combination one by one, but it should be understood that the technical solutions after permutation and combination have been disclosed by the present invention.

[0074] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) stepping method for open-cut trenching with a large negative slope in a mine inclined shaft, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Planar stepping of the horizontal assembly area, including the following steps: Step 1.1: Install the thrust reverser in the first pile hole at the rear of the main unit. Connect one end of the auxiliary thrust cylinder to the main unit and establish a connection between the other end of the auxiliary thrust cylinder and the thrust reverser. Step 1.2: The auxiliary push cylinder extends and presses against the counter-push frame, pushing the main unit forward so that the second pile hole is located behind the main unit; Step 1.3: The auxiliary push cylinder is retracted, and the other end of the auxiliary push cylinder is separated from the reverse push frame. The reverse push frame is then installed in the second pile hole. Step 2: The arc surface stepping of the arc transition section includes the following steps: Step 2.1: Extend the anti-slip cylinder to connect it to the thrust reverser; Step 2.2: The auxiliary push cylinder extends slowly, and the anti-slip cylinder pressure is applied; Step 2.3: The auxiliary push cylinder pushes the main unit forward, and the anti-slip cylinder continues to extend passively, so that the third pile hole is located behind the main unit; Step 2.4: Install the anti-slip column in the fourth pile hole in front of the cutterhead, and use jacks to support the anti-slip column and the cutterhead respectively; Step 2.5: Remove the anti-slip cylinder from the thrust frame, retract the anti-slip cylinder, and retract the auxiliary thrust cylinder; Step 2.6: Install the thrust reverser in the third pile hole and connect the anti-slip cylinder to the thrust reverser; Step 2.7: Remove the jacks and anti-slip columns; Step 3: Stepping on the slope.

2. The TBM stepping method for open-cut trenching with a large negative slope in a mine inclined shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1.2, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder pushes the main unit forward by 1.2m; In step 1.3, the pusher frame inside the first pile hole is removed, and then the pusher frame is installed in the second pile hole.

3. The TBM stepping method for open-cut trenching with a large negative slope in a mine inclined shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2.1, after the anti-slip cylinder protruding end passes through the anti-push frame lug hole, a pin is inserted into the end of the anti-slip cylinder protruding end; In step 2.2, no operation is performed after the small chamber of the anti-slip cylinder is given a pressure of 140 bar; In step 2.3, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder pushes the main unit forward by 1.2m; In step 2.4, an anti-slip column is inserted into the fourth pile hole closest to the front end of the cutter head.

4. The TBM stepping method for open-cut trenching with a large negative slope in a mine inclined shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 3 includes the planar stepping of the ramp section and the subsequent ramp stepping.

5. The TBM stepping method for open-cut trenching with a large negative slope in a mine inclined shaft according to claim 4, characterized in that: The planar stepping of the ramp section and the arc surface stepping of the arc transition section are the same in steps 2.1-2.

7.

6. A TBM stepping method for open-cut trenching with a large negative slope in a mine inclined shaft, as described in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The subsequent ramp section walking includes the following steps: Step 3.1: After the rear trailer enters the slope section, the last rear trailer is equipped with a rail clamp and an anti-slip trailer cylinder. Step 3.2: Before the trailer is placed on the rail, there are no anti-slip measures. As needed, ear plates are placed at appropriate positions on the trailer to connect the trailer. Step 3.3: Use a 30t hoist to connect, and after traveling a certain distance, change the connection point of the matching trailer; after all trailers are on the track and fully connected, use the last trailer rail clamp anti-slip system to advance.

7. The TBM stepping method for open-cut trenching with a large negative slope in a mine inclined shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: Use the temporary trailer hoist under the temporary crane beam to lift the pusher frame and anti-slip column.

Images