A newton force monitoring and warning method for fault monitoring

Abstract

This invention provides a method for monitoring and early warning of Newtonian force for fault monitoring. The method includes the following steps: Step 1, excavating a side hole in the tunnel sidewall and drilling a hole through the fault; Step 2, installing an anchor cable in the hole; Step 3, grouting the hole until it is dense; Step 4, sequentially installing a sensor, a constant resistance body, and a locking device at the end of the anchor cable extending from the hole, tensioning the anchor cable, and locking the locking device; Step 5, monitoring the force changes of the anchor cable in real time. If the force on the anchor cable changes smoothly, it indicates relative stability; if the force on the anchor cable suddenly drops, it indicates a disaster has occurred. By directly measuring the monitorable man-made mechanical system (anchor cable), the unmeasurable Newtonian force changes in the fault are indirectly calculated, realizing the measurement of Newtonian force; thus, accurate monitoring and early warning of earthquake disasters are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of earthquake monitoring and early warning technology, specifically relating to a method for monitoring and early warning of Newtonian force for fault monitoring. Background Technology

[0002] In 2008, Academician He Manchao pioneered the discovery of the scientific phenomenon of "sudden drop in Newtonian force leading to disaster" through indoor physical simulation experiments, which was subsequently verified multiple times in on-site landslide disaster monitoring. Whether it's a landslide or an earthquake, the essence of these two types of geological hazards is the same: both involve the geological rock mass first undergoing Hooke deformation, followed by relative movement along both sides of the structural plane. In other words, these two types of geological hazards represent a catastrophic transformation of the rock mass from a Hooke deformed body to a Newtonian moving body, with the core issue being the change in Newtonian force ΔF at the structural plane.

[0003] Earthquakes are one of the most common natural disasters today, and they can also trigger secondary disasters such as landslides and mudslides. Their destructive power is enormous, seriously endangering human life and property. Earthquake early warning is currently the most effective means of earthquake prevention; however, existing earthquake early warning systems are mostly based on seismographs and strong-motion meters, using surface and deep displacement, groundwater levels, and other parameters as monitoring parameters. However, they are difficult to accurately predict the occurrence of strong earthquakes.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to improve the design of existing seismogenic fault monitoring methods to enhance the accuracy of earthquake monitoring and early warning. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for monitoring and early warning of Newtonian force for fault monitoring, so as to at least solve the problem of inaccurate prediction results of current monitoring and early warning methods.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for monitoring and early warning of Newtonian force for fault monitoring, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Excavate ear holes in the tunnel sidewall, and drill holes from the ear holes into the fault, drilling through the fault.

[0009] Step 2: Install anchor cables in the borehole;

[0010] Step 3: Grout the borehole until the hole is completely filled with grout;

[0011] Step 4: Install the sensor, constant resistance body and lock in sequence at the end of the anchor cable that extends out of the borehole, tension the anchor cable and lock the lock.

[0012] Step 5: Monitor the force changes of the anchor cable in real time. If the force on the anchor cable changes smoothly, it indicates that the situation is relatively stable. If the force on the anchor cable suddenly drops, it indicates that a disaster has occurred.

[0013] In the Newton force monitoring and early warning method for fault monitoring described above, preferably, in step 1, two side holes are excavated on the sidewall of the tunnel, with the two side holes located on both sides of the fault, and a borehole is drilled from one side hole to the other side hole, the borehole passing through the fault and connecting the two side holes.

[0014] In the Newtonian force monitoring and early warning method for fault monitoring described above, preferably, the borehole is parallel to the tunnel axis.

[0015] In the Newton force monitoring and early warning method for fault monitoring described above, preferably, multiple boreholes can be set around the outer perimeter of the tunnel, all of which pass through the fault; anchor cables are installed in each borehole for support, and the anchor cables are monitored.

[0016] In the Newton force monitoring and early warning method for fault monitoring described above, preferably, multiple wire-laying rings are arranged along the anchor cable axis. Each wire-laying ring includes a circular ring with multiple reinforcing bars evenly distributed around its outer perimeter, and each reinforcing bar is perpendicular to the tangent of the circular ring.

[0017] The anchor cable comprises multiple steel strands, with one steel strand placed between two adjacent reinforcing bars.

[0018] In the Newton force monitoring and early warning method for fault monitoring described above, preferably, multiple hoop rings are provided along the anchor cable axis, the cross-section of the hoop rings is circular, and the hoop rings are sleeved around the multiple steel strands of the anchor cable.

[0019] The hoop ring and the overhead wire ring are alternately installed along the axis of the anchor cable.

[0020] In the Newton force monitoring and early warning method for fault monitoring described above, preferably, in step 3, after the grout in the borehole has initially set, anchor blocks are constructed at both ends of the anchor cable extending out of the borehole, and an isolation pipe is fitted at the end of the anchor cable to isolate the anchor cable from the concrete of the anchor block.

[0021] In the Newton force monitoring and early warning method for fault monitoring described above, preferably, in step 4, sensors, constant resistance bodies, and locking devices are installed synchronously and sequentially at both ends of the anchor cable, and the cable is tensioned and the locking devices are locked according to the load requirements.

[0022] In the Newton force monitoring and early warning method for fault monitoring described above, preferably, monitoring devices are installed at both ends of the anchor cable to simultaneously monitor the changes in the force at both ends of the anchor cable.

[0023] In the Newtonian force monitoring and early warning method for fault monitoring described above, preferably, the monitoring device includes an axial force gauge, which is used to measure the axial force change of the anchor cable.

[0024] Beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) By passing the NPR anchor cable through the fault and installing sensors at both ends of the anchor cable, it is possible to monitor the Newton force on the deep fracture surface (zone).

[0026] (2) The traditional anchoring sections at both ends of the NPR anchor cable are eliminated and simultaneously anchored with locking devices and monitored simultaneously, which can effectively reduce the probability of anchoring failure and ensure the accuracy of monitoring. At the same time, multiple anchor cables are arranged around the tunnel. Since both ends of the anchor cable are anchored with locking devices, the anchor cable's stitching effect on the fault is greatly improved, ensuring the safety of the tunnel.

[0027] (3) Installing NPR anchor cables within the effective area, using points instead of areas, can minimize monitoring costs while ensuring monitoring effectiveness.

[0028] (4) Monitor the cross-fault Newton force of active faults to achieve accurate and efficient monitoring of disaster occurrence. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. Wherein:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the borehole, the ear hole, and the fault in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of anchor cable installation in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a overhead line ring in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 In an embodiment of the present invention,

[0034] Figure 5 In an embodiment of the present invention,

[0035] Figure 6 In an embodiment of the present invention,

[0036] In the diagram: 1. Drill hole; 2. Ear hole; 3. Steel strand; 4. Wire ring; 5. Hoop ring; 6. Anchor block; 61. Anchor cable hole; 7. Constant resistance body; 10. Fault; 20. Rock mass. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] In the description of this invention, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," and "bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and do not require the invention to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. The terms "connected" and "linked" used in this invention should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection or a detachable connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through intermediate components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0039] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other.

[0040] According to specific embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1-6 As shown, this invention provides a method for monitoring and early warning of Newtonian force for fault monitoring. The monitoring and early warning method includes the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: Excavate ear holes in the tunnel sidewall, and drill holes from the ear holes into the fault, drilling through the fault.

[0042] Step 2: Install anchor cables in the borehole;

[0043] Step 3: Grout the borehole until the hole is completely filled with grout;

[0044] Step 4: Install the sensor, constant resistance body and lock in sequence at the end of the anchor cable that extends out of the borehole, tension the anchor cable and lock the lock.

[0045] Step 5: Monitor the force changes of the anchor cable in real time. If the force on the anchor cable changes smoothly, it indicates that the situation is relatively stable. If the force on the anchor cable suddenly drops, it indicates that a disaster has occurred.

[0046] The natural laws upon which this early warning and monitoring method is based are: faults exist between stable rock masses 20; before the geological rock mass fails, it follows Hooke's law of deformation in solid mechanics; after the geological rock mass fails and begins to move, it follows Newton's laws of motion in kinematic mechanics. However, because the process from geological deformation to movement involves a large nonlinear deformation problem in rock mechanics, there is a lack of corresponding mechanical theoretical explanation, making accurate early warning of geological disasters impossible.

[0047] The core of exploring methods for monitoring and early warning of deep geological disasters lies in revealing the necessary and sufficient conditions for the occurrence of disasters. Whether it's a landslide, a mining tremor, or an earthquake, the essence of the relative motion between two bodies is the magnitude and direction (resultant force) of the Newtonian force acting on the fault surface (zone): if the Newtonian force Fs > 0 and its direction is downward along the fault surface, then a disaster occurs; if the Newtonian force Fs ≤ 0, then relative stability exists. This law conforms to Newton's second law, that is, for an object of mass M to change its state of motion and gain acceleration, a force must be generated; this force is the resultant force (also called the Newtonian force), which is the necessary and sufficient condition for the change of its state of motion. In other words, changes in Newtonian force can serve as a necessary and sufficient condition for judging the occurrence of a disaster.

[0048] The monitoring and early warning method in this application utilizes the aforementioned natural laws to predict the occurrence of disasters. Specifically, since the Newtonian force acting on deep fracture surfaces (zones) is affected by various factors and cannot be directly measured, obtaining the magnitude of the Newtonian force becomes a key issue and a challenge.

[0049] The early warning method of this application utilizes the monitorability of man-made mechanical systems. A special man-made mechanical system (in this application, an anchor cable and a monitoring device connected to it) is inserted into an unmeasurable natural mechanical system (i.e., a borehole traversing a fault), forming a complex mechanical system. By directly measuring the monitorable man-made mechanical system (anchor cable), the changes in the unmeasurable Newtonian force in the fault are indirectly calculated, thus realizing the measurement of Newtonian force; thereby achieving accurate monitoring and early warning of earthquake disasters.

[0050] In this embodiment, because the anchor cable is pre-tensioned, the initial detected anchor cable force is not zero. This monitoring and early warning method monitors the changes in anchor cable force in real time. If the axial force of the anchor cable changes steadily, it indicates that the geological strata are undergoing regular, natural, and stable movement; if the axial force on the anchor cable suddenly drops, it indicates that the geological strata are undergoing irregular and violent movement, i.e., a disaster has occurred. NPR anchor cables are used, which have high strength and not only serve a monitoring function but also act as a mending agent for faults, ensuring the safety of the tunnel.

[0051] In step 1, two side holes 2 are excavated on the side wall of the tunnel. The two side holes 2 are located on both sides of the fault 10. A drill hole 1 is drilled from one side hole 2 to the other side hole 2. The drill hole 1 passes through the fault 10 and connects the two side holes 2.

[0052] The two ear holes 2 are located on both sides of the fault 10. When drilling from one ear hole 2 to the other ear hole 2, the drill hole 1 must pass through the fault 10, thus ensuring the accuracy of the drill hole 1.

[0053] Borehole 1 is parallel to the tunnel axis. This allows for more precise measurement of the changes in anchor cable stress caused by the movement of fault 10 in a direction parallel to the tunnel axis, providing a basis for support data in reinforcing the tunnel structure after a disaster. In this embodiment, the two side holes 2 are parallel to each other, facilitating the subsequent drilling of borehole 1 parallel to the tunnel axis.

[0054] Multiple boreholes 1 can be set around the outer perimeter of the tunnel, and each borehole 1 passes through fault 10; anchor cables are installed in each borehole 1 and the anchor cables are monitored.

[0055] Multiple anchor cables are installed around the tunnel perimeter to cross fault 10. This not only allows for monitoring and early warning of fault 10 from different angles around the tunnel, but also stitches fault 10 together around the tunnel perimeter. This ensures that in the event of a disaster, the multiple anchor cables can provide good support for the tunnel and prevent significant deformation.

[0056] Multiple anchor rings 4 are arranged along the axis of the anchor cable. Each anchor ring 4 includes a circular ring with multiple reinforcing bars evenly distributed around its outer circumference, each reinforcing bar perpendicular to the tangent of the ring. The anchor cable includes multiple steel strands 3, with one steel strand 3 placed between two adjacent reinforcing bars. The anchor rings 4 are used to control the distance between the steel strands 3, and they also increase the contact area between the anchor cable and the grout, making the anchor cable more firmly embedded in the grout.

[0057] Multiple hoop rings 5 ​​are provided along the anchor cable axis. The cross-section of the hoop ring 5 is circular. The hoop ring 5 is sleeved around the multiple steel strands 3 of the anchor cable. The hoop rings 5 ​​and the wire-supporting rings 4 are alternately arranged along the anchor cable axis.

[0058] The hoop ring 5 is to prevent the anchor cable from unraveling. In this embodiment, the anchor cable is composed of 6 Φ15.24mm steel strands 3. The steel strands 3 are coated with grease and covered with corrugated pipes for corrosion protection. There are wire-supporting rings 4 and tightening rings in between, which are set at intervals of 1 meter. The hoop ring 5 is made of 75mm diameter steel pipe, and the wire-supporting ring 4 is made of 60mm diameter steel pipe and 6 25mm long steel bars.

[0059] In step 3, after the grout in borehole 1 has initially set, anchor blocks 6 are constructed at both ends of the anchor cable extending from borehole 1, and isolation pipes are fitted onto the ends of the anchor cables to isolate the anchor cables from the concrete of the anchor blocks 6. In this embodiment, PVC pipes are used for the isolation pipes, which provide some protection for the anchor cables. Reinforcing bars are installed inside the anchor blocks 6; anchor cable holes 61 are also provided inside the anchor blocks 6, through which the anchor cables extend out of the anchor blocks 6.

[0060] In step 4, sensors, constant resistance bodies 7, and locking devices are installed synchronously and sequentially at both ends of the anchor cable, and tensioning is performed according to load requirements, followed by locking the devices. This monitoring and early warning method completely eliminates the anchoring section in traditional anchor cable installation, and by setting anchor blocks 6 at both ends of the anchor cable and simultaneously anchoring them with locking devices, it can effectively reduce the probability of anchor cable anchoring failure.

[0061] Monitoring devices are installed at both ends of the anchor cable to simultaneously monitor changes in the force applied to both ends. This simultaneous monitoring of both ends significantly improves monitoring accuracy. Furthermore, installing anchor cables within an effective area, using a point-to-area approach, minimizes monitoring costs while ensuring effective monitoring.

[0062] The monitoring device includes an axial force gauge, which is used to measure the change in axial force of the anchor cable. In this embodiment, by setting up an axial force gauge, the change in axial force on the anchor cable is monitored in real time, realizing indirect monitoring of the 10 Newton force on the fault; at the same time, a multi-source monitoring system platform can be constructed to achieve automated real-time monitoring.

[0063] In summary, the technical solution of the Newtonian force monitoring and early warning method for fault monitoring provided by this invention indirectly calculates the changes in the unmeasurable Newtonian force in the fault by directly measuring the measurable man-made mechanical system (anchor cables), thus realizing the measurement of Newtonian force; thereby achieving accurate monitoring and early warning of earthquake disasters. Simultaneously, multiple anchor cables are arranged around the tunnel circumference. Since both ends of the anchor cables are anchored with locking devices, the anchor cables' sealing effect on the fault is greatly improved, ensuring the safety of the tunnel.

[0064] It is understood that the above description is merely exemplary and the embodiments of this application do not limit the scope of the application.

[0065] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be within the scope of protection of the pending claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring and early warning of Newtonian force for fault monitoring, characterized in that, The monitoring and early warning method includes the following steps: Step 1: Excavate ear holes in the tunnel sidewall, and drill holes from the ear holes into the fault, drilling through the fault. Step 2: Install anchor cables in the borehole and set up monitoring devices at the ends of the anchor cables; Step 3: Grout the borehole until the hole is completely filled with grout; Step 4: Install the sensor, constant resistance body and lock in sequence at the end of the anchor cable that extends out of the borehole, tension the anchor cable and lock the lock. Step 5: Monitor the force changes of the anchor cable in real time. If the force on the anchor cable changes smoothly, it indicates that the situation is relatively stable. If the force on the anchor cable drops suddenly, it indicates that a disaster has occurred. In step 1, two side holes are excavated on the side wall of the tunnel. The two side holes are located on both sides of the fault. A borehole is drilled from one side hole to the other side hole. The borehole passes through the fault and connects the two side holes. In step 3, after the grout in the borehole has initially set, anchor blocks are constructed at both ends of the anchor cable that extend out of the borehole, and isolation pipes are fitted at the ends of the anchor cable to isolate the anchor cable from the concrete of the anchor blocks. In step 4, sensors, constant resistance bodies, and locks are installed synchronously and sequentially at both ends of the anchor cable, and the cable is tensioned and the locks are tightened according to the load requirements. Monitoring devices are installed at both ends of the anchor cable to monitor the changes in the force at both ends of the anchor cable.

2. The Newtonian force monitoring and early warning method for fault monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The borehole is parallel to the tunnel axis.

3. The Newtonian force monitoring and early warning method for fault monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that, Multiple boreholes are drilled around the outer perimeter of the tunnel, all of which pass through faults; anchor cables are installed in each borehole for support, and the anchor cables are monitored.

4. The Newtonian force monitoring and early warning method for fault monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that, Multiple cable-laying rings are provided along the axis of the anchor cable. Each cable-laying ring includes a circular ring with multiple reinforcing bars evenly distributed around its outer perimeter. Each reinforcing bar is perpendicular to the tangent of the circular ring. The anchor cable comprises multiple steel strands, with one steel strand placed between two adjacent reinforcing bars.

5. The Newtonian force monitoring and early warning method for fault monitoring according to claim 4, characterized in that, Multiple hoop rings are provided along the axis of the anchor cable. The cross-section of the hoop rings is circular, and the hoop rings are fitted around the multiple steel strands of the anchor cable. The hoop ring and the overhead wire ring are alternately installed along the axis of the anchor cable.

6. The Newtonian force monitoring and early warning method for fault monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring device includes an axial force gauge, which is used to measure the change in axial force of the anchor cable.

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