A multi-mode tunneling machine

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-mode tunneling machine, including a central cutterhead and an annular cutterhead, with the central cutterhead embedded in the annular cutterhead. It also includes a transfer device, with the central cutterhead and the annular cutterhead detachably and fixedly connected. The transfer device is connected to the central cutterhead, and during disassembly, the transfer device can move the central cutterhead backward to free up space in the center of the annular cutterhead. Furthermore, during disassembly, the transfer device allows the central cutterhead to be moved backward to free up space in the center of the annular cutterhead, enabling core sampling or pre-drilling and blasting, thus greatly improving usability and adapting to various geological conditions. Therefore, this multi-mode tunneling machine effectively solves the problem that current multi-mode tunneling machines cannot perform center-drilling and blasting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunneling equipment technology, and more specifically, to a multi-mode tunneling machine. Background Technology

[0002] Chinese patent CN114086979A discloses a hard rock TBM with a mother-daughter structure, consisting of a ring-shaped portion (referred to as the mother TBM) and a smaller, centrally located hard rock TBM (referred to as the daughter TBM). This TBM has two operating modes: in one mode, the mother and daughter TBMs work together, similar to a conventional hard rock TBM; in the other mode, the daughter TBM can be separated from the mother TBM and operate independently. The daughter TBM first excavates a small-diameter pre-tunnel to release ground stress, and then the mother TBM performs enlargement excavation.

[0003] Chinese patent CN113863945A discloses a three-mode tunneling machine with a novel TBM tunneling mode. This invention is applicable to the field of shield tunneling technology and is equipped with two muck removal systems: a screw conveyor muck removal system and a mud pipe muck removal system, which can meet three muck removal methods and share the inlet and outlet slurry pipelines with the slurry mode. During TBM mode tunneling, slurry is first injected into the soil chamber through the inlet pipe, allowing the slurry to coat the rock and then discharge the muck through the outlet pipe. If large rocks block the pipe, the screw conveyor is used for muck removal. If higher tunneling efficiency is required, muck removal is performed simultaneously using the mud pipe and the screw conveyor.

[0004] The aforementioned multi-mode tunneling machine cannot perform center-drill-blast tunneling.

[0005] In conclusion, how to effectively solve the problem that current multi-mode tunneling machines cannot perform center-drill-blast tunneling is an urgent problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-mode tunneling machine that can effectively solve the problem that current multi-mode tunneling machines cannot perform center drill-and-blast tunneling.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A multi-mode tunneling machine includes a central cutterhead and an annular cutterhead, the central cutterhead being embedded in the annular cutterhead; it also includes a transfer device, the central cutterhead and the annular cutterhead being detachably and fixedly connected; the transfer device is connected to the central cutterhead, and when the central cutterhead and the annular cutterhead are disassembled, the transfer device can move the central cutterhead backward to make room in the middle of the annular cutterhead.

[0009] In this multi-mode tunneling machine, during full-face tunneling, the central cutterhead can be embedded in the annular cutterhead and fixedly connected, allowing the annular cutterhead to drive the central cutterhead to rotate synchronously for tunneling. When the strata are intact and a core-taking mode is needed, or when the strata are poor and manual drilling and blasting are required for pre-treatment, a transfer device can drive the central cutterhead backward to free up space in the center of the annular cutterhead. This allows the annular cutterhead to tunnel independently for core-taking, or allows excavators to enter from the center of the annular cutterhead for manual drilling and blasting pre-treatment. In this multi-mode tunneling machine, the central cutterhead and annular cutterhead are detachably and fixedly connected, allowing the annular cutterhead to transmit torque to the central cutterhead, enabling full-face tunneling. Furthermore, during disassembly, the central cutterhead can be moved backward using a transfer device to free up space in the center of the annular cutterhead, enabling core sampling or manual drill-and-blast pre-treatment. This significantly improves usability and adaptability to various geological conditions. In summary, this multi-mode tunneling machine effectively solves the problem that current multi-mode tunneling machines cannot perform center drill-and-blast tunneling.

[0010] Preferably, the central cutter head is divided into multiple fan-shaped cutter heads that are laterally separated from each other; each of the fan-shaped cutter heads is detachably and fixedly connected to the annular cutter head; the transfer device is capable of transferring each of the fan-shaped cutter heads backward in batches.

[0011] Preferably, each of the fan-shaped cutter discs is provided with a connecting part for detachable connection with the transfer device, and the connecting parts on each of the fan-shaped cutter discs are on the same circumference coaxial with the annular cutter disc.

[0012] Preferably, the portion of the annular cutter head corresponding to each of the fan-shaped cutter heads has a receiving cavity on the rear side for accommodating the fan-shaped cutter heads, and the receiving cavity has a mounting part that can be detachably installed with the fan-shaped cutter heads; the transfer device is used to translate the fan-shaped cutter heads axially backward and then move them radially outward to enter the receiving cavity.

[0013] Preferably, the transfer device includes a traction device for driving the sector cutter head to move axially and a lifting device for driving the sector cutter head to move radially.

[0014] Preferably, the device includes a drive mechanism and a base, the drive mechanism being connected between the annular cutter head and the base, and the transfer device being mounted on the base.

[0015] Preferably, the central cutter head is separated into two fan-shaped cutter heads that are laterally separated from each other, and the fan-shaped cutter heads are semi-circular cutter heads.

[0016] Preferably, each of the fan-shaped cutter discs is slidably connected to the annular cutter disc via a groove.

[0017] Preferably, the central cutter head is separated into two fan-shaped cutter heads along a plane containing one boundary of the central cutter head. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-mode tunneling machine cutterhead provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of the cutterhead of a multi-mode tunneling machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the annular cutter head provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 A cross-sectional structural diagram of the annular cutter head provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the central tool disc provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 A schematic cross-sectional view of the central cutter head provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the intermediate core sampling tunneling operation of a multi-mode tunneling machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the center drilling and blasting operation of a multi-mode tunneling machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a lateral view of the center cutterhead being withdrawn, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the center cutterhead being withdrawn in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] The following labels are shown in the attached diagram:

[0030] 1. Annular cutter head; 2. Central cutter head; 3. Traction device; 4. Lifting device; 11. Slide groove; 12. Accommodating cavity; 21. Fan-shaped cutter head; 22. Central cutter; 23. Slider. Detailed Implementation

[0031] This invention discloses a multi-mode tunneling machine to effectively solve the problem that current multi-mode tunneling machines cannot perform center drill-and-blast tunneling.

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Please see Figures 1-10 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-mode tunneling machine cutterhead provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of the cutterhead of a multi-mode tunneling machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the annular cutter head provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A cross-sectional structural diagram of the annular cutter head provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the central tool disc provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic cross-sectional view of the central cutter head provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the intermediate core sampling tunneling operation of a multi-mode tunneling machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the center drilling and blasting operation of a multi-mode tunneling machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a lateral view of the center cutterhead being withdrawn, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the center cutterhead being withdrawn in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] In some embodiments, a multi-mode tunneling machine is provided, specifically the multi-mode tunneling machine mainly includes a central cutterhead 2, an annular cutterhead 1, and a transfer device.

[0035] The central cutterhead 2 and the annular cutterhead 1 are nested together, meaning the central cutterhead 2 can be embedded in the central hole of the annular cutterhead 1 to form a complete cutterhead for full-face tunneling. Similarly, the central cutterhead 2 can also be moved out of the central hole of the annular cutterhead 1, allowing the annular cutterhead 1 to tunnel independently for core sampling. When the central cutterhead 2 is completely removed, space is created for excavation equipment to enter, enabling manual drilling and blasting.

[0036] The inner and outer boundaries of the annular cutterhead 1 are generally coaxial circles, although they can both be square. If other structural shapes are used, the tunneling process will form an annular channel because it rotates around the central axis. The outer contour of the central cutterhead 2 can also be circular, square, or other shapes, but the tunneling process will form a cylindrical channel.

[0037] The central cutterhead 2 and the annular cutterhead 1 are detachably and fixedly connected. When fixedly connected, the torque on the annular cutterhead 1 can be transmitted to the central cutterhead 2, enabling the annular cutterhead 1 to drive the central cutterhead 2 to rotate. In application, the rotation of the annular cutterhead 1 can be driven by a corresponding drive mechanism. During full-face tunneling, the drive mechanism drives the annular cutterhead 1 to rotate, and the annular cutterhead 1 transmits torque to the central cutterhead 2 for synchronous rotation and tunneling. It should be noted that the central cutterhead 2 and the annular cutterhead 1 can be detachably and fixedly connected, for example, by screws or bolts. Alternatively, they can be fixedly connected by a pin, such as a sliding fit between the central cutterhead 2 and the annular cutterhead 1 along the axial direction. When the central cutterhead 2 is engaged, it can be locked by the pin, and the movement of the pin can be achieved by a telescopic drive device.

[0038] The transfer device is connected to the central cutterhead 2. During disassembly between the central cutterhead 2 and the annular cutterhead 1, the transfer device can move the central cutterhead 2 backward to free up space in the center of the annular cutterhead 1, enabling intermediate core sampling and center drill-and-blast tunneling. During disassembly of the central cutterhead 2 and the annular cutterhead 1, the annular cutterhead 1 may or may not transmit torque to the central cutterhead 2. To ensure uniform inertia, it is preferable that the annular cutterhead 1 and the central cutterhead 2 maintain torque transmission; however, the connection is generally not maintained during disassembly. In the disassembled state, the transfer device can move the central cutterhead 2 to the target position. The transfer device can be a robotic arm or a combined drive device consisting of multiple drive units. The transfer device can retract axially, tilt, or follow other paths.

[0039] In this multi-mode tunneling machine, during full-face tunneling, the central cutterhead 2 can be embedded in the annular cutterhead 1 and fixedly connected, allowing the annular cutterhead 1 to drive the central cutterhead 2 to rotate synchronously for tunneling. When the strata are intact and it's necessary to switch to a core-taking mode, or when the strata are poor and require manual drilling and blasting for pre-treatment, a transfer device can drive the central cutterhead 2 backward to free up space in the center of the annular cutterhead 1. This allows the annular cutterhead 1 to tunnel independently for core-taking, or allows excavators to enter from the center of the annular cutterhead 1 for manual drilling and blasting for pre-treatment. In this multi-mode tunneling machine, the central cutterhead 2 and the annular cutterhead 1 are detachably and fixedly connected, allowing the annular cutterhead 1 to transmit torque to the central cutterhead 2, enabling full-face tunneling. Furthermore, during disassembly, the central cutterhead 2 can be moved backward using a transfer device to free up the central space of the annular cutterhead 1, enabling core sampling or manual drill-and-blast pre-treatment. This significantly improves usability and adapts to various geological conditions. In summary, this multi-mode tunneling machine effectively solves the problem that current multi-mode tunneling machines cannot perform center-drill-and-blast tunneling.

[0040] In some embodiments, the central cutter head 2 can be a single structural component, meaning it cannot be quickly separated on-site. However, this approach results in a large central cutter head 2, which may not adequately free up the central space of the annular cutter head 1 during subsequent relocation using a transfer device.

[0041] In some embodiments, unlike the integral structural component, the central cutter head 2 can be separated into multiple laterally separated fan-shaped cutter heads 21. The fan shape can be semi-circular, one-third circular, or other shapes, such as approximating a triangle or being directly triangular. Here, "fan" can also be understood as a petal shape, that is, separating the circular central cutter head 2 into a multi-lobed structure. The separation boundary can pass through the axis of the central cutter head 2 or not. As shown in the attached figure, the separation boundary is offset from the axis of the central cutter head 2 to separate a large semi-circular fan-shaped cutter head 21 and a small semi-circular fan-shaped cutter head 21. The dividing boundary between adjacent fan-shaped cutter heads 21 can be straight or curved, such as in a plum blossom shape.

[0042] The separate configuration refers to the fact that it can be dispersed into multiple individual structures, which can be removed or placed in one by one. Therefore, each sector-shaped cutter head 21 is detachably and fixedly connected to the annular cutter head 1, so that each sector-shaped cutter head 21 can obtain torque from the annular cutter head 1 independently. At the same time, with the help of this connection, each sector-shaped cutter head 21 can be supported.

[0043] The transfer device can transfer each sector cutter head 21 backward in batches. Batch transfer means that not all sector cutter heads 21 need to be transferred at once. Generally, they are transferred backward in at least two batches to form a batch. Batch transfer can be done one by one, or it can be that at least two or more sector cutter heads 21 are transported in one batch.

[0044] When in use, because the transfer device can transfer in batches, the working pressure of the transfer device is greatly reduced. At the same time, the batch transfer can effectively realize that the transfer device transfers different batches of fan-shaped cutter discs 21 to different positions, so as to readjust the positional relationship between multiple fan-shaped cutter discs 21, that is, to disperse them, so as to make it easier to open up the central space of the annular channel.

[0045] In some embodiments, each sector cutter head 21 may be provided with a connecting portion for detachable connection with the transfer device, and the connecting portions on each sector cutter head 21 are on the same circumference coaxial with the annular cutter head 1. This allows the transfer device to transfer different sector cutter heads 21 without changing the position of the transfer device. That is, in use, the annular cutter head 1 is first driven to rotate so that the connecting portion of one (batch) of sector cutter heads 21 rotates to the transfer device. Then, the connection between the sector cutter head 21 and the annular cutter head 1 is detached, and the connecting portion of the sector cutter head 21 is connected to the transfer device. The transfer device then transfers the sector cutter head 21. Then, the annular cutter head 1 is rotated again so that the connecting portion of the next (batch) of sector cutter heads 21 rotates to the transfer device. Then, the connection between the sector cutter head 21 and the annular cutter head 1 is detached, and the connection is made to the transfer device so that the transfer device continues to transfer the cutter heads. This process continues until the transfer of each or each batch of sector cutter heads 21 is completed. This transfer method can fix the position of the transfer device, reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the transfer device, and at the same time, with the help of the rotation drive formed by the annular cutter head 1 and the connection between each sector cutter head 21 and the annular cutter head 1, it is possible to transfer each batch of sector cutter heads 21 without changing the transfer path of the transfer device.

[0046] In some embodiments, for ease of arrangement, the portion of the annular cutter head 1 corresponding to each of the sector cutter heads 21 has a receiving cavity 12 on its rear side for accommodating the sector cutter heads 21, so that each sector cutter head 21 is placed in an orderly manner in its corresponding receiving cavity 12. The size of the receiving cavity 12 can be adapted to the sector cutter head 21, or the receiving cavity 12 can be larger than the sector cutter head 21.

[0047] In some embodiments, the receiving cavity 12 has a mounting portion that is detachably installed with the sector-shaped cutter disc 21, so that after the corresponding sector-shaped cutter disc 21 enters the corresponding receiving cavity 12, the mounting portion is fixedly connected to the sector-shaped cutter disc 21 to fix the sector-shaped cutter disc 21, so that the sector-shaped cutter disc 21 located in the receiving cavity 12 can rotate together with the annular cutter disc 1. The connection object on the sector-shaped cutter disc 21 that is connected to the mounting portion can be the same as the connection object connected to the annular cutter disc 1 when the sector-shaped cutter disc 21 is embedded in the middle of the annular cutter disc 1, or it can be different.

[0048] Specifically, the sector-shaped cutter head 21 has a first connecting object and a second connecting object. When the sector-shaped cutter head 21 is located in the receiving cavity 12, the first connecting object of the sector-shaped cutter head 21 is detachably and fixedly connected to the mounting part in the receiving cavity 12; while when the sector-shaped cutter head 21 is embedded in the annular cutter head 1 to form a large cutter head, the second connecting object of the sector-shaped cutter head 21 is detachably and fixedly connected to the annular cutter head 1. The first connecting object and the second connecting object can be of the same structure, such as a connection structure with bolt holes.

[0049] Correspondingly, the transfer device is used to move the sector-shaped cutter head 21 axially backward and then radially outward to enter the receiving cavity 12 on the rear side of the annular cutter head 1. Specifically, the transfer device may include a traction device 3 for driving the sector-shaped cutter head 21 to move axially and a lifting device 4 for driving the sector-shaped cutter head 21 to move radially. Both the traction device 3 and the lifting device 4 can be telescopic hydraulic cylinders, or they can be electric cylinders or other driving devices.

[0050] The transfer device can be mounted on the annular cutterhead 1 or in other locations. For example, in a multi-mode tunneling machine including a drive mechanism and a base, where the drive mechanism is connected between the annular cutterhead 1 and the base, the transfer device can be mounted on the base. The traction device 3 can be located between the base and the lifting device 4, or the lifting device 4 can be located between the traction device 3 and the base. In the latter case, specifically, the drive end of the lifting device 4 is connected to the seat of the traction device 3, and the drive end of the traction device 3 is used to connect to the fan-shaped cutterhead 21, while the seat of the lifting device 4 is mounted on the base.

[0051] In some embodiments, for ease of arrangement and disassembly, the central cutter head 2 is preferably separated into two horizontally separated fan-shaped cutter heads 21, which are semi-circular. The semi-circle here does not need to be perfectly circular; the central angle corresponding to the arc edge can be greater than 180 degrees, less than 180 degrees, or equal to 180 degrees. Therefore, the semi-circular cutter heads only need to appear semi-circular overall. If the central cutter head 2 has a central cutter 22 at its center, it can be separated into two fan-shaped cutter heads 21 along a plane containing one boundary of the central cutter 22.

[0052] It should be noted that the central cutter head 1 can be cylindrical as a whole, or the cutter head portion can be cylindrical while the rear portion is square. In the latter case, the central cutter head 1 has a fan-shaped cutter head portion, and the rear square portion can be divided in the same plane as the front cutter head portion. Similarly, the annular cutter head 2 has a cylindrical hole at the front that mates with the cutter head portion of the central cutter head 1, and a rectangular cavity at the rear that mates with the rear square portion of the central cutter head 1.

[0053] In some embodiments, to facilitate the movement of the fan-shaped cutter head 21, the fan-shaped cutter head 21 can be slidably connected to the annular cutter head 1 via a sliding groove 11. The sliding groove 11 is provided on the annular cutter head 1, and its shape and requirements are not specifically limited; it is generally embedded within the annular cutter head 1 to avoid interference. The fan-shaped cutter head 21 can be provided with a slider 23 that mates with the sliding groove 11. The slider 23 can be a general roller, a block, or even a wheel.

[0054] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0055] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A multi-mode heading machine comprising a center cutterhead and an annular cutterhead, the center cutterhead being embedded in the annular cutterhead; characterized in that, The center cutter is detachably connected with the ring cutter, and the transfer device is connected with the center cutter and can transfer the center cutter backward to leave space in the middle of the ring cutter when the center cutter is detached from the ring cutter. The center cutter is separated into a plurality of fan-shaped cutters arranged transversely to each other, and each fan-shaped cutter is detachably connected with the ring cutter. The transfer device includes a traction device for driving the fan-shaped cutter to move axially and a lifting device for driving the fan-shaped cutter to move radially. Each fan-shaped cutter is provided with a connecting part for detachable connection with the transfer device, and the connecting parts on each fan-shaped cutter are on the same circumference coaxial with the ring cutter. The part of the ring cutter corresponding to each fan-shaped cutter has a receiving cavity on the rear side for accommodating the fan-shaped cutter, and the receiving cavity has a mounting part for detachable mounting of the fan-shaped cutter.

2. The multi-mode heading machine of claim 1, wherein, The driving mechanism is connected between the ring cutter and the base, and the transfer device is mounted on the base.

3. The multi-mode heading machine of any of claims 1-2, wherein, The center cutter is separated into two fan-shaped cutters arranged transversely to each other, and the fan-shaped cutters are semicircular cutters.

4. The multi-mode heading machine of claim 3, wherein, Each fan-shaped cutter is connected with the ring cutter through a sliding groove.

5. The multi-mode heading machine of claim 4, wherein, The center cutter is separated into two fan-shaped cutters along a plane in which a boundary of the center cutter is located.

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