A shield machine cutter performance monitoring device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a shield machine cutter performance monitoring device, which belongs to shield machine monitoring equipment. The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to realize automatic monitoring of the absolute position, rotation direction, speed, temperature and other performance parameters of the shield machine cutter without affecting the original mechanical structure of the shield machine cutter, so as to avoid serious wear of the cutter. The technical scheme adopted is: its structure includes an optical transceiver, a temperature sensor, a cutter body, a cutter shaft and a spacer. The cutter shaft includes a cutter shaft body and a spacer ring located on the cutter shaft body. A rotating mechanism is provided in the gap between the spacer and the spacer ring; the rotating mechanism includes a rotating table and a rotating bearing. The rotating bearing is installed on both sides of the outside of the spacer ring. The rotating table is installed on the outside of the rotating bearing. A grating ring is provided on the side of the rotating table close to the rotating bearing. A spacer is provided on the side of the rotating table away from the cutter shaft. The spacer is linked to the rotating table.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to shield machine monitoring equipment, in particular to a roller cutter performance monitoring device for a shield machine. Background Art

[0002] A shield tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a specialized piece of engineering machinery used for tunnel excavation. Modern TBMs integrate optical, mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, sensor, and information technologies, enabling them to excavate and cut soil, transport ballast, assemble tunnel linings, and perform measurement, guidance, and correction. These machines involve multiple disciplines, including geology, civil engineering, mechanics, mechanics, hydraulics, electrical engineering, control, and measurement. They are tailored to the specific geological conditions and require extremely high reliability. Shield TBMs are widely used in tunneling projects for subways, railways, highways, municipal engineering, and hydropower projects.

[0003] A shield machine is equipped with numerous roller cutters. The conventional method for detecting roller cutter performance is to embed eight magnets in the outer ring of the roller cutter and install a magnetic field monitor inside the cutter barrel. When the roller cutter rotates, the magnetic field monitor can sense the roller cutter speed. However, this method has the following disadvantages:

[0004] (1) Rock debris or soil will wear the magnet and the cutter surface, causing the magnetic field monitor to move farther and farther away from the magnet, significantly weakening the magnetic field and reducing accuracy;

[0005] (2) When iron elements are mixed in rock fragments or soil, these fragments will be adsorbed on the magnet and shield the magnetic field, reducing the monitoring accuracy;

[0006] (3) The embedded magnets may be deformed, scratched or fall out during the rock impact process;

[0007] (4) The embedded magnets may lose their magnetic force due to friction and heating caused by long-term operation between the hob and the rock or soil, resulting in distortion;

[0008] (5) When the cutter rotates at different speeds, the working temperature will fluctuate due to different friction or geological conditions (such as changes in rock and water flow), causing the magnetic field strength to change, affecting the accuracy of magnetic field monitoring.

[0009] (6) It is impossible to monitor and record the changes in geological hardness or geological interface at the contact point between the front end of the cutter and the rock and soil;

[0010] (7) Unable to monitor the direction of rotation of the hob;

[0011] (8) Unable to monitor the rotation acceleration of the hob;

[0012] (9) It is impossible to monitor the vibration frequency of the hob.

[0013] Therefore, how to automatically monitor the absolute position, rotation direction, speed, temperature and other performance parameters of the shield machine cutter without affecting the original mechanical structure of the cutter to avoid severe wear of the cutter and subsequent damage to the cutterhead is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0014] The technical task of the present invention is to provide a shield machine cutter performance monitoring device to solve the problem of how to automatically monitor the absolute position, cutter rotation direction, cutter speed, cutter temperature and other performance parameters of the shield machine cutter without affecting the original mechanical structure of the shield machine cutter, so as to avoid serious wear of the cutter and damage to the cutter disc.

[0015] The technical task of the present invention is achieved in the following manner: a shield machine roller cutter performance monitoring device, the device comprising a roller cutter body, a cutter shaft and a spacer, the cutter shaft comprising a cutter shaft body and a spacer ring located on the cutter shaft body, and a rotating mechanism provided in the gap between the spacer and the spacer ring;

[0016] The rotating mechanism includes a rotating table and a rotating bearing. The rotating bearing is installed on both sides of the outer side of the spacer ring. The rotating table is installed on the outer side of the rotating bearing. A grating ring belt is provided on the side of the rotating table close to the rotating bearing. A spacer is provided on the side of the rotating table away from the knife shaft. The spacer is linked to the rotating table.

[0017] A spacer ring hole is provided on the spacer ring, in which the optical fiber for transmitting and receiving the optical transceiver and the probe of the temperature sensor are arranged. By utilizing the relative motion relationship between the spacer ring and the spacer table, when the hob cutter body rotates, the spacer table drives the grating ring belt to rotate, cutting the outgoing light beam in the optical fiber. The non-hollowed part of the grating ring belt reflects the light beam back to the optical fiber, and then transmits it to the optical transceiver outside, obtaining a pulse signal with positioning characteristics, and then obtaining the hob rotation speed, rotation direction, angular acceleration and vibration frequency.

[0018] Preferably, a pipeline channel hole is opened on the side of the blade shaft body away from the central axis, the pipeline channel hole is connected to the spacer ring hole, and optical fiber, electronic signal line and power line are installed in the pipeline channel hole. The temperature sensor sends data to the server end through the electronic signal line, and the optical transceiver sends data to the server end. The power line is electrically connected to the optical transceiver and the temperature sensor to power them.

[0019] More preferably, the device further comprises a cutter box, wherein a power generation mechanism is provided in the cutter box.

[0020] More preferably, the power generation mechanism includes a disc generator and a gear power generation mechanism, the gear power generation mechanism includes a power generation transmission gear and a power generation gear, a cutter body transmission gear is provided on the hob cutter body, the power generation transmission gear is respectively engaged with the cutter body transmission gear and the power generation gear, the power generation gear is connected to the input end of the disc generator, the disc generator is electrically connected to a rechargeable battery through a rectifier and voltage stabilizing circuit, the rechargeable battery is electrically connected to a temperature sensor and an optical transceiver through a power cord, and the optical transceiver is arranged in the hob box.

[0021] More preferably, the power generation mechanism is arranged on the rear side of the cutter disc, the power generation mechanism includes a disc generator and a gear power generation mechanism, the gear power generation mechanism includes a power generation transmission gear and a power generation speed-increasing gear, a gear ring is provided on the outer ring of the rotating bearing connecting the cutter disc and the cutter cabin, the power generation transmission gear is respectively engaged with the gear ring and the power generation speed-increasing gear, the power generation speed-increasing gear is connected to the input end of the disc generator, the disc generator is electrically connected to a rechargeable battery through a rectifier and voltage stabilizing circuit, the rechargeable battery is electrically connected to a temperature sensor and an optical transceiver through a power line, and the optical transceiver is arranged behind the cutter disc.

[0022] More preferably, a sealed steel pipe channel is welded on the cutter disc and the cutter disc bracket, and optical fibers and wires are set under the hob, leading along the sealed steel pipe channel to the position of the rear side of the cutter disc near the cutter cabin, and converted into wireless signal transmission, and then received by the rear of the cutter cabin and transferred to the server for processing via wired connection.

[0023] Preferably, a plurality of grating holes are provided on the grating ring belt, and the rotation speed of the hob cutter body is obtained according to the distance interval between adjacent grating holes and the period of the reflected light signal whose intensity is modulated by the grating, and then the rotation acceleration is obtained according to the change of the rotation speed of the hob cutter body; at the same time, the pulse light signal is Fourier transformed with respect to time to obtain a vibration frequency signal.

[0024] More preferably, the grating holes are distributed along the grating ring zone and the grating holes are arranged with equal intervals and equal lengths.

[0025] More preferably, the plurality of grating holes are distributed along the grating ring band, and the lengths of the grating holes are d1, d2, ..., dn, respectively, that is, the lengths of all the grating holes are different; the distance from the upper edge of any grating hole to the upper edge of the next adjacent grating hole is equal and is p1; a reference grating of fixed length is provided on one side of the grating hole, and the lengths of the reference gratings are all equal and are p2; and the calculation formula of the duty cycle sn is as follows:

[0026]

[0027] The cycle is monitored by an optical transceiver and compared with a reference grating, and the real-time absolute rotational position of the hob is monitored in combination with the duty cycle. At the same time, the reference grating is used as a comparison benchmark to obtain the precise rotation angle of the hob. Among them, the reference grating adopts a reference grating hole or a light reflecting surface or a light diffusing surface or a scattering surface.

[0028] More preferably, the grating holes are periodically distributed along the grating ring zones, as follows:

[0029] A number of unequally spaced large-period grating units are arranged on the grating ring belt, and the lengths of the large-period grating units are D1, D2,..., and Dn respectively. Each large-period grating unit is provided with a different number of small-period grating holes, and the lengths of the small-period grating holes are d1, d2,..., and dn respectively. The small-period grating holes are attached to the large-period grating units. The optical transceiver obtains the precise rotation position and rotation direction by interpreting the large-period grating units and the small-period grating holes.

[0030] Preferably, a plurality of filters of equal length are provided on the grating ring belt, and the filters are evenly distributed along the grating ring belt. The optical transceiver monitors the real-time absolute rotation position of the hob according to the wavelength change of the filters.

[0031] Preferably, a plurality of polarizers are provided on the grating ring belt, the polarizers are evenly distributed along the grating ring belt and are of the same size, and the optical transceiver monitors the real-time absolute rotation position of the hob according to the change of the polarization angle of the polarizer.

[0032] Preferably, a plurality of diffraction plates are provided on the grating ring belt, and different patterns are provided on the diffraction plates. The optical transceiver monitors the real-time absolute rotation position of the hob according to the patterns on the diffraction plates.

[0033] Preferably, a connecting component is provided on a side of the rotating table away from the rotating bearing, one end of the connecting component is connected to the rotating table, and the other end of the connecting component is connected to the partition table.

[0034] More preferably, the connecting assembly adopts a connecting fixing rod or an elastic pin.

[0035] Preferably, the rotating platform is tightly matched with the spacer or the bearing outer sleeve, and the spacer ring is matched with the bearing inner ring.

[0036] The shield machine cutter performance monitoring device of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0037] (1) The present invention utilizes the relative motion relationship between the internal spacer ring of the hob (which does not rotate like the cutter shaft) and the spacer (a protruding ring inside the cutter body, used to separate the two roller bearings), fixes the signal receiving and transmitting end of the optical transceiver of the optical sensor in the spacer ring hole, and fixes the grating ring belt with a grating effect on the rotating table, and the rotating table is linked to the spacer plate via a mechanical structure. When the hob cutter body rotates, the spacer plate on the hob cutter body drives the grating ring belt to rotate, thereby cutting the conductive light beam in the optical transceiver fiber on the spacer ring, obtaining a pulse signal with a positioning feature, and knowing the rotation speed, rotation direction, angular acceleration and vibration frequency of the hob cutter, ensuring that the performance parameters of the hob cutter can be known in a timely manner, and then timely determining whether the hob cutter is worn, so as to facilitate timely replacement of the hob cutter;

[0038] (2) Each element of the grating ring of the present invention carries unique optical characteristics that are different from other elements, thereby enabling the grating ring to form the functions of rotational directionality and absolute position interpretation;

[0039] (3) The present invention is buried deep inside the center of the cutter, thus obtaining good mechanical protection and preventing contact with external rocks and soil, thereby avoiding wear and damage that may affect detection accuracy;

[0040] (4) A temperature sensor is incorporated into the spacer ring of the present invention to monitor the internal temperature of the cutter. When the temperature rises above 120 degrees Celsius, the cutter is not rotating (it may still rotate at high temperatures, but the speed will be unstable, entering a poor state just before it breaks down). Furthermore, due to the high temperature generated by friction with the rock, the grease in the cutter loses its lubricating effect and is damaged. Therefore, the temperature sensor can timely obtain information on the cutter's rotation.

[0041] (5) The present invention monitors the cutter's rotation direction, speed, and angular acceleration through a grating ring. These signals are transmitted in real time along the cutter shaft to the outside of the cutter via optical fibers or electronic signal lines, and then to a server via a wireless transceiver module. After data calculation, 3D geological structure changes are recorded, allowing for advanced prediction of the geological distribution ahead of the cutter.

[0042] (6) The present invention can obtain the real-time absolute rotation position of the hob by setting the grating ring belt;

[0043] (7) The present invention arranges the power generation mechanism at a position near the cutter chamber on the rear side of the cutter disc, and uses optical fiber to route the wires along the sealed steel pipe on the cutter disc bracket, so that the information transmission between the cutter chamber and the roller cutter is not affected by the geology; the power generation structure is placed near the rotating bearing where the cutter disc and the cutter chamber are connected, and there is sufficient space to install a larger generator for high-efficiency power generation; the wireless transceiver modules are respectively located at the front and rear ends of the rotating axis surface where the cutter disc and the cutter chamber are connected, and the distance is quite short, which can prevent the wireless signal from being attenuated by soil or rocks.

[0044] Therefore, the present invention has the characteristics of reasonable design, simple structure, easy processing, small size, convenient use, and multiple uses, and thus has good promotion and use value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] Attachment Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the roller cutter for the shield machine;

[0047] Attachment Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cutter performance monitoring device for a shield machine;

[0048] Attachment Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the spacer ring and the rotary bearing;

[0049] Attachment Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the cutter shaft body;

[0050] Attachment Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating table;

[0051] Attachment Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the hob box;

[0052] Attachment Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the radial arrangement of grating rings;

[0053] Attachment Figure 8 Schematic diagram of grating rings with gradually changing duty cycle;

[0054] Attachment Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the grating ring with a composite period;

[0055] Attachment Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of filters installed on the grating ring;

[0056] Attachment Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of polarizers installed on the grating ring belt;

[0057] Attachment Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of diffraction plates installed on the grating rings;

[0058] Attachment Figure 13 It is the structural block diagram of the gear generator mechanism;

[0059] Attachment Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure where the power generation mechanism is located on the back of the cutter head near the cutter cabin;

[0060] Attachment Figure 15 This is a structural diagram of Example 9.

[0061] In the figure: 1, hob cutter body, 2, cutter shaft body, 3, spacer ring, 4, spacer table, 5, rotating table, 6, rotating bearing, 7, grating ring, 8, connecting component, 9, spacer ring hole, 10, optical transceiver, 11, temperature sensor, 12, pipeline channel hole, 13, optical fiber, 13-1, transmitting optical fiber, 13-2, receiving optical fiber, 14, electronic signal line, 15, power line, 16, hob box, 17, disc generator, 1 8. Power generation transmission gear, 19. Power generation gear, 20. Cutting tool transmission gear, 21. Rechargeable battery, 22. Grating hole, 23. Filter, 24. Polarizer, 25. Diffraction plate, 26. Reference grating, 27. Large-period grating unit, 28. Small-period grating hole, 29. Outer ring of the rotating bearing connecting the cutter head and the cutter cabin, 30. Rectifier and voltage stabilization circuit, 31. Bearing outer ring, 32. Bearing inner ring, 33. Gear ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] A device for monitoring the performance of a shield machine cutter will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments of the present invention.

[0063] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that terms such as "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer" are used to indicate positions or relationships based on the positions or relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate description and simplify the present invention. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0064] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0065] Example 1:

[0066] As attached Figure 1 and 2As shown, a shield machine roller cutter performance monitoring device of the present invention includes a roller cutter body 1, a cutter shaft and a spacer 4. The cutter shaft includes a cutter shaft body 2 and a spacer ring 3 located on the cutter shaft body 2. A rotating mechanism is installed in the gap between the spacer 4 and the spacer ring 3. The rotating mechanism includes a rotating platform 5 and a rotating bearing 6. The rotating bearing 6 is installed on both sides of the outside of the spacer ring 3. The rotating platform 5 is installed on the outside of the rotating bearing 6. A grating ring 7 is installed on the side of the rotating platform 5 close to the rotating bearing 6. The grating ring 7 is installed with a transmitting optical fiber 13-1 and a receiving optical fiber 13-2. The transmitting optical fiber 13-1 and the receiving optical fiber 13-2 can be combined on the same optical fiber 13 to realize the optical transmission and reception function. A connecting component 8 is installed on the side of the rotating platform 5 away from the rotating bearing 6. One end of the connecting component 8 is fixedly connected to the rotating platform 5, and the other end of the connecting component 8 is fixedly connected to the spacer 4. The connecting component adopts an elastic pin.

[0067] As attached Figure 3 As shown, a spacer hole 9 is provided on the spacer ring 3 in this embodiment, and the receiving and transmitting optical fiber of the optical transceiver 10 and the probe of the temperature sensor 11 are installed in the spacer ring hole 9. By utilizing the relative motion relationship between the spacer ring 3 and the spacer table 4, when the hob cutter body 1 rotates, the spacer table 4 drives the grating ring belt 7 to rotate, cutting the outgoing light beam in the optical fiber, and the non-hollowed part of the grating ring belt 7 reflects the light beam back to the optical fiber, and then transmits it to the external optical transceiver to obtain a pulse signal with a positioning feature, and then obtain the hob rotation speed, rotation direction, angular acceleration and vibration frequency.

[0068] As attached Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, a pipeline channel hole 12 is opened on the side of the blade shaft body 2 away from the central axis, and the pipeline channel hole 12 is connected to the spacer ring hole 9. An optical fiber 13, an electronic signal line 14 and a power line 15 are installed in the pipeline channel hole 12. The temperature sensor 11 sends data to the server end through the electronic signal line 14, and the optical transceiver 10 sends data to the server end through the optical fiber 13. The power line 15 is electrically connected to the temperature sensor 11 to supply power to it.

[0069] As attached Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment further includes a cutter housing 16, in which a generator is installed. The generator includes a disc generator 17 and a gear generator mechanism. The gear generator mechanism includes a generator transmission gear 18 and a generator gear 19. A cutter body transmission gear 20 is mounted on the cutter body 1. The generator transmission gear 18 meshes with the cutter body transmission gear 20 and the generator gear 19, respectively. The generator gear 19 is connected to the input end of the disc generator 17. The disc generator 17 is electrically connected to a rechargeable battery 21 via a rectifier and voltage regulator circuit 30. The rechargeable battery 21 is electrically connected to a temperature sensor 11 and an optical transceiver 10 via a power line 15. The optical transceiver 10 is installed in the cutter housing 16.

[0070] Example 2:

[0071] This embodiment differs from the first embodiment only in that a plurality of grating apertures 22 are formed in the grating ring 7. The rotational speed of the hob cutter body 1 is determined based on the spacing between adjacent grating apertures 22 and the periodicity of the reflected light signal, whose intensity is modulated by the grating. The rotational acceleration is then determined based on the change in the rotational speed of the hob cutter body 1. Simultaneously, a Fourier transform of the pulsed light signal with respect to time is performed to obtain a vibration frequency signal. The remaining structure, connection relationships, and positional relationships are identical to those of the first embodiment.

[0072] As attached Figure 7 As shown, the grating holes 22 are distributed radially along the grating ring zone 7 and the grating holes 22 are arranged at equal intervals and lengths.

[0073] The waveform of the modulated electronic signal received by the optical transceiver 10 is as follows:

[0074] The holes in a complete cycle are spaced d apart and timed t apart, so the rotation speed is d / t;

[0075] When the speed changes, the acceleration is obtained by differentiating the speed curve with respect to time (Δd / Δt).

[0076] When the pulsed light signal is Fourier transformed with respect to time, a vibration frequency signal can be obtained.

[0077] Example 3:

[0078] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that: Figure 8 As shown, a plurality of grating apertures 22 are distributed along the grating ring zone 7. The lengths of the grating apertures 22 are d1, d2, ..., dn, respectively, i.e., the lengths of all the grating apertures 22 are different. The distance from the upper edge of any grating aperture 22 to the upper edge of the next adjacent grating aperture 22 is equal and is p1. A reference grating 26 of fixed length is provided on one side of the grating aperture 22. The lengths of the reference gratings 26 are all equal and are p2. The duty cycle sn is calculated as follows:

[0079]

[0080] The optical transceiver 10 monitors the period and compares it with the reference grating 26. Combined with the duty cycle, the real-time absolute rotational position of the hob is monitored. The reference grating 26 serves as a reference for comparison to determine the precise rotation angle of the hob. The reference grating 26 can be a reference grating aperture, a light-reflecting surface, or a light-scattering surface. The remaining structure, connection relationships, and positional relationships are the same as those in Example 2.

[0081] For example, the entire grating ring zone 7 has 360 components, the first one has a duty cycle of 1%, the second one has a duty cycle of 2%, and the 360th one has a duty cycle of 360%. According to this method, the optical transceiver 10 can monitor the real-time absolute rotation position of the hob.

[0082] Next to the grating aperture 22, a reference grating 26 with a fixed period p2 is positioned to provide a baseline for comparison, helping to determine the precise duty cycle and determine the precise rotation angle of the hob. The reference grating 26 can be a penetrating hole, a light-reflecting surface, or a light-scattering surface. Another optical transceiver 10 monitors the period and compares it with the grating aperture 22 to determine the real-time absolute rotational position of the hob.

[0083] Example 4:

[0084] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that: Figure 9 As shown, the grating holes 22 are periodically distributed along the grating ring zone 7, as follows:

[0085] The grating ring 7 is provided with a number of unequally spaced large-period grating elements 27, each with lengths of D1, D2, ..., and Dn. Each large-period grating element 27 is provided with a varying number of small-period grating apertures 28, each with lengths of d1, d2, ..., and dn. The small-period grating apertures 28 are attached to the large-period grating elements 27. The optical transceiver 10 obtains the precise rotational position and direction by interpreting the large-period grating elements 27 and the small-period grating apertures 28. The rest of the structure, connection relationships, and positional relationships are the same as those in Example 2.

[0086] Example 5:

[0087] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: Figure 10 As shown, a plurality of filters 23 of equal length are mounted on the grating ring 7 and are evenly distributed along the grating ring 7. The optical transceiver 10 monitors the real-time absolute rotational position of the hob based on the wavelength changes of the filters 23. The other structures, connection relationships, and positional relationships are the same as those in Example 1.

[0088] For example, the entire grating ring 7 has 10 components. The first unit has a filtering wavelength of λ1, the second one has a filtering wavelength of λ2, and the tenth one has a filtering wavelength of λ 10 The optical transceiver 10 monitors the real-time absolute rotation position of the hob. The filter 23 is made of an acrylic plate or the like.

[0089] Example 6:

[0090] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: Figure 10 As shown, a plurality of polarizers 24 are mounted on the grating ring band 7. The polarizers 24 are evenly distributed along the grating ring band 7 and are of the same size. The optical transceiver 10 monitors the real-time absolute rotational position of the hob based on changes in the polarization angle of the polarizer 24. The other structures, connection relationships, and positional relationships are the same as those in Example 1.

[0091] For example, the entire grating ring zone 7 has a total of 180 components, the first polarization angle is 1°, the second is 2°, and so on and so forth, and so forth, until it reaches 180° (the polarization angle of linearly polarized light, after exceeding 180 degrees, such as 181 degrees, returns to the same as 1 degree), monitoring the real-time absolute rotation position of the hob.

[0092] Example 7:

[0093] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: Figure 10 As shown, several diffraction plates 25 are mounted on the grating ring 7. These diffraction plates 25 are provided with various patterns, such as linear, circular, and annular. The optical transceiver 10 monitors the real-time absolute rotational position of the hob based on the patterns on the diffraction plates 25. The remaining structure, connection relationships, and positional relationships are the same as those in Example 1.

[0094] Example 8:

[0095] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: Figure 14 As shown, the generator mechanism is mounted on the rear side of the cutterhead. It includes a disc generator 17 and a gear generator mechanism, which includes a generator transmission gear 18 and a generator gear 19. A gear ring 33 is mounted on the outer ring 29 of the rotating bearing connecting the cutterhead to the cutter compartment. The generator transmission gear 18 meshes with the gear ring 330 and the generator gear 19, respectively. The generator gear 19 is connected to the input of the disc generator 17. The disc generator 17 is electrically connected to a rechargeable battery 21 via a rectifier and voltage regulator circuit 30. The rechargeable battery 21 is electrically connected to an optical transceiver 10 and a temperature sensor 11 via a power cord 15. The optical transceiver 10 is mounted behind the cutterhead. A sealed steel pipe channel is welded to the cutterhead and cutterhead bracket. Optical fibers and electrical wires are installed beneath the cutter blades. These channels extend along the sealed steel pipe channel to the rear side of the cutterhead near the cutter compartment, where they are converted into wireless signals for transmission. The wireless signals are then received behind the cutter compartment and transmitted to a server for processing via a wired connection. The remaining structure, connections, and positional relationships are identical to those in Example 1.

[0096] Example 9:

[0097] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: Figure 15 As shown, the rotating platform 5 is tightly matched with the spacer 4 or the bearing outer sleeve 31, and the spacer ring 3 is matched with the bearing inner ring 32. Other structures, connection relationships and positional relationships are the same as those in embodiment 1.

[0098] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shield machine cutter performance monitoring device, characterized in that: The device includes a hob cutter body, a cutter shaft and a spacer. The cutter shaft includes a cutter shaft body and a spacer ring located on the cutter shaft body. A rotating mechanism is provided in the gap between the spacer and the spacer ring. The rotating mechanism includes a rotating table and a rotating bearing. The rotating bearing is installed on both sides of the outer side of the spacer ring. The rotating table is installed on the outer side of the rotating bearing. A grating ring belt is provided on the side of the rotating table close to the rotating bearing. A spacer is provided on the side of the rotating table away from the knife shaft. The spacer is linked to the rotating table. A spacer ring is provided with a spacer ring hole, in which the optical transceiver's transceiver fiber and the temperature sensor probe are installed. Utilizing the relative motion relationship between the spacer ring and the spacer table, when the hob cutter body rotates, the spacer table drives the grating ring belt to rotate, cutting the outgoing light beam in the optical fiber. The non-hollowed-out part of the grating ring belt reflects the light beam back to the optical fiber and then transmits it to the external optical transceiver, obtaining a pulse signal with positioning characteristics, and then obtaining the hob cutter's rotation speed, rotation direction, angular acceleration and vibration frequency; The grating ring is provided with a number of grating holes. The rotational speed of the hob cutter body is obtained based on the distance between adjacent grating holes and the period of the reflected light signal whose intensity is modulated by the grating. The rotational acceleration is then obtained based on the change in the rotational speed of the hob cutter body. At the same time, the pulsed light signal is Fourier transformed with respect to time to obtain a vibration frequency signal. or, Several filters of equal length are arranged on the grating ring, and the filters are evenly distributed along the grating ring. The optical transceiver monitors the real-time absolute rotation position of the hob according to the wavelength change of the filters. or, A number of polarizers are arranged on the grating ring belt. The polarizers are evenly distributed along the grating ring belt and are of the same size. The optical transceiver monitors the real-time absolute rotation position of the hob according to the change of the polarization angle of the polarizer. or, A number of diffraction plates are arranged on the grating ring belt, and different patterns are arranged on the diffraction plates. The optical transceiver monitors the real-time absolute rotation position of the hob according to the patterns on the diffraction plates.

2. The shield machine cutter performance monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pipeline channel hole is opened on the side of the blade shaft body away from the central axis, and the pipeline channel hole is connected to the spacer ring hole. Optical fiber, electronic signal line and power line are installed in the pipeline channel hole. The temperature sensor sends data to the server end through the electronic signal line, and the optical transceiver sends data to the server end. The power line is electrically connected to the optical transceiver and the temperature sensor to power them.

3. The shield machine cutter performance monitoring device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The device also includes a cutter box, in which a power generation mechanism is arranged.

4. The shield machine cutter performance monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The power generation mechanism includes a disc generator and a gear power generation mechanism. The gear power generation mechanism includes a power generation transmission gear and a power generation gear. A cutter body transmission gear is provided on the hob cutter body. The power generation transmission gear is respectively engaged with the cutter body transmission gear and the power generation gear. The power generation gear is connected to the input end of the disc generator. The disc generator is electrically connected to a rechargeable battery through a rectifier and voltage stabilizing circuit. The rechargeable battery is electrically connected to a temperature sensor and an optical transceiver through a power line. The optical transceiver is arranged in the hob cutter box.

5. The shield machine cutter performance monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The power generation mechanism is arranged on the rear side of the cutter disc, and the power generation mechanism includes a disc generator and a gear power generation mechanism. The gear power generation mechanism includes a power generation transmission gear and a power generation speed-increasing gear. A gear ring is provided on the outer ring of the rotating bearing connecting the cutter disc and the cutter cabin. The power generation transmission gear is respectively engaged with the gear ring and the power generation speed-increasing gear. The power generation speed-increasing gear is connected to the input end of the disc generator. The disc generator is electrically connected to a rechargeable battery through a rectifier and voltage stabilizing circuit. The rechargeable battery is electrically connected to a temperature sensor and an optical transceiver through a power line. The optical transceiver is arranged behind the cutter disc.

6. The shield machine cutter performance monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A sealed steel pipe channel is welded on the cutter disc and the cutter disc bracket, and optical fibers and wires are arranged under the hob. They extend along the sealed steel pipe channel to the position near the cutter cabin on the rear side of the cutter disc and are converted into wireless signals for transmission. The wireless signals are then received by the rear of the cutter cabin and transferred to the server for processing via wired connection.

7. The shield machine cutter performance monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grating holes are distributed along the grating ring belt and are arranged with equal intervals and equal lengths.

8. The shield machine cutter performance monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several grating holes are distributed along the grating ring, and the lengths of the grating holes are d1, d2, ..., dn, respectively, that is, the lengths of all grating holes are different; the distance from the upper edge of any grating hole to the upper edge of the next adjacent grating hole is equal and is p1; a reference grating of fixed length is provided on one side of the grating hole, and the lengths of the reference gratings are all equal and are p2; the duty cycle sn is calculated as follows: ; The cycle is monitored by an optical transceiver and compared with a reference grating, and the real-time absolute rotational position of the hob is monitored in combination with the duty cycle. At the same time, the reference grating is used as a comparison benchmark to obtain the precise rotation angle of the hob. Among them, the reference grating adopts a reference grating hole or a light reflecting surface or a light diffusing surface or a scattering surface.

9. The shield machine cutter performance monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grating holes are periodically distributed along the grating rings, as follows: A number of unequally spaced large-period grating units are arranged on the grating ring belt, and the lengths of the large-period grating units are D1, D2,..., and Dn respectively. Each large-period grating unit is provided with a different number of small-period grating holes, and the lengths of the small-period grating holes are d1, d2,..., and dn respectively. The small-period grating holes are attached to the large-period grating units. The optical transceiver obtains the precise rotation position and rotation direction by interpreting the large-period grating units and the small-period grating holes.

10. The shield machine cutter performance monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting component is provided on a side of the rotating platform away from the rotating bearing, one end of the connecting component is connected to the rotating platform, and the other end of the connecting component is connected to the partition platform.

11. The shield machine cutter performance monitoring device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The connecting assembly adopts a connecting fixing rod or an elastic pin.

12. The shield machine cutter performance monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating platform is tightly matched with the spacer or the bearing outer sleeve, and the spacer ring is matched with the bearing inner ring.

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