Anti-icing and de-icing device, spacer rod, insulator and system

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of anti-icing and de-icing of overhead lines or electric railway contact networks, and provides an anti-icing and de-icing device for fixed installation between two components with different potentials in overhead lines or electric railway contact networks. The device includes a cylindrical cam mechanism and an insulating component connected in series. The cylindrical cam mechanism includes a base, a motor, a reduction mechanism, a cylindrical cam, a resistance member and a telescopic part. A cross-sectional step is provided on the contact surface where the cylindrical cam cooperates with the resistance member. When the resistance member passes over the cross-sectional step of the contact surface of the cylindrical cam, the displacement of the telescopic part suddenly changes due to the telescopic movement, thereby causing a sudden change in the tension and / or gravitational potential energy between two components with different potentials in the tower line system of the overhead line or the tower network system of the electric railway contact network. The sudden potential energy causes the overhead line or the electric railway contact network to vibrate and shake off the ice, thereby achieving the purpose of anti-icing and de-icing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of anti-icing and de-icing of overhead lines and electric railway contact networks, and in particular to an overhead line anti-icing or de-icing device based on a cylindrical cam mechanism and an insulating component, which is used for distributed fixed installation on overhead lines or electric railway contact networks. Background Art

[0002] Icing of overhead lines and electric railway contact lines has always been one of the serious natural disasters in power systems at home and abroad. Heavy icing of lines can cause serious problems such as tower collapse and line breakage that affect the safe operation of the power grid. Ice shedding can also cause line ice shedding and jumping, causing wire burns, fault tripping and other forced shutdowns. Affected by climatic conditions, micro-topography, micro-meteorology and large-scale construction of power grids, icing disasters have occurred frequently in recent years. In many areas, the load on transmission lines has increased due to icing caused by rain and snow, resulting in tower collapse and line breakage, fault tripping and other events and huge economic losses.

[0003] Generally speaking, the ice coating of wires is caused by some specific meteorological reasons, including: temperature, humidity, cold and warm air convection, circulation and wind speed and other meteorological factors. Supercooled water droplets in the atmosphere exist in liquid form because they have no crystallization nuclei and are extremely unstable. When they fall on the wire, the wire will serve as a crystallization nucleus. At the same time, accompanied by the effect of heat exchange, the supercooled water droplets quickly condense and adhere to the wire to form ice. From the perspective of formation mechanism, ice coating can be divided into the following types: ① When the water vapor in the atmosphere is supersaturated, it adheres to the wire, and after sublimation and condensation, it forms radial crystals called rime. During its formation process, the water droplets freeze before they are tightly combined with each other. There are many gaps or bubbles inside. The density of rime is small, relatively loose, and its adhesion to the wire is relatively weak. ② Supercooled water droplets in the atmosphere form clear, smooth and transparent ice coating on the windward side of the wire, which is called rime. During its formation process, the water droplets freeze after they are tightly combined with each other. The ice coating formed is smooth and tight, with high density, and strong adhesion to the wire. ③ Supercooled water droplets form mixed ice on the windward side, which is a layer of ice that alternately overlaps transparent and opaque or resembles frosted glass. This type of ice has a higher density and relatively strong adhesion to the conductor. Summary of the invention

[0004] The hazards of icing to overhead transmission lines mainly include two aspects: first, if the thickness of icing exceeds the design standard by a large margin, it will cause the line to be seriously overloaded, resulting in tower collapse and line breakage; second, during the deicing process, the line will be forced to shut down due to line deicing jumps, or the conductor hardware and other equipment will be damaged due to unbalanced deicing of the conductor. The hazards of icing are obvious to all, and people are also trying to find economical, environmentally friendly, operational and practical methods to prevent and control icing. At present, the main methods for deicing transmission lines are: thermal deicing, manual or mechanical deicing, hydrophobic and hydrophobic coatings, blasting deicing, and natural passive deicing. In addition, methods such as electric pulse deicing, pulley scraping, electromagnetic impact deicing, robot deicing and laser deicing have also developed rapidly. Although these methods have their own characteristics, there is still a lack of an economical, practical, safe and effective deicing method. The research on this issue has always been one of the hot topics in the field of power transmission.

[0005] There are two conditions for icing of overhead lines or electric railway contact networks: one is the conditions that cannot be changed or are difficult to change, such as meteorological conditions, such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and other meteorological factors. Obviously, once the line path is determined, the meteorological conditions can hardly be changed unless the line path is reselected, but this will require a high price. The other is that after the corresponding meteorological conditions are met, the thickness of the ice layer needs to continue to grow and accumulate, that is, the development process of a certain time span under the joint action of multiple factors. The icing caused by such factors can be used for anti-icing and de-icing to a certain extent, mainly including two aspects: ① The necessary heat exchange process for supercooled water droplets or solid-liquid mixtures in the atmosphere to adhere to the conductor. Without this process, the supercooled water droplets or solid-liquid mixtures in the atmosphere cannot form a cumulative effect by freezing on the conductor; ② The necessary adhesion or adhesion between the ice layers on the conductor. According to the above analysis, the conditions for icing are obtained, and the corresponding anti-icing and de-icing work can consider two aspects: ① The heat exchange process required to destroy the supercooled water droplets or solid-liquid mixtures in the atmosphere to adhere to the conductor. Common methods include thermal anti-icing methods such as critical current method, photothermal, and electrothermal coatings. ② Change the required adhesion or adhesion between the ice layers on the conductor. Common methods include various hydrophobic and hydrophobic coatings, various thermal ice melting methods, and various mechanical deicing methods. Based on the above-mentioned conditions for producing ice ②, it is an obvious conventional idea to develop a method that directly applies force to the ice on the conductor to destroy the ice. It is a conventional practice to invent a mechanical deicing device (or robot deicing device) that works in an equipotential field (or ground potential field) of the conductor (or overhead ground wire). Inventions in this area have always been a hot spot and difficulty in research. Mechanical anti-icing and deicing devices can be divided into mobile deicing devices and fixed installation position (fixed) deicing devices according to whether the installation position relative to the conductor (or overhead ground wire) changes during operation. The mobile deicing device uses mechanical devices to apply force to the ice on the conductor to destroy the ice layer during the reciprocating movement of the deicing device on the conductor to achieve the deicing function. Because its working method is simple, direct and obvious, most of the currently disclosed mechanical deicing inventions are concentrated on mobile deicing devices. However, the difficulties in implementing this device are also obvious, mainly including two aspects: ① Difficulty in energy supply, whether it is to take energy locally or replace batteries, it is very difficult; ② The difficulty of the device crossing the inherent obstacles of overhead lines and the reliability problems caused by this. There are relatively few studies on fixed deicing devices. Fixed deicing devices mainly use mechanical vibration to make the conductor vibrate, so as to shake off the ice on the conductor.However, once the conductor is covered with ice, especially when the ice is rime or mixed rime, because it is tightly adhered, if the ice is destroyed by simply vibrating the conductor, the amplitude required for the conductor vibration (or the force acting on the conductor) will be extremely difficult to achieve. In addition, the scope of deicing is very limited. If distributed installation is adopted along the overhead line, the number of devices required will also be very large, resulting in high economic costs. Therefore, the number of relevant literatures on anti-icing and deicing devices with mechanical fixed installation positions is very limited. In fact, in the process of continuous accumulation of ice, there is a detail that is ignored by existing literature, that is, in the process of ice formation, although the ice condensed by supercooled water on the conductor (or overhead ground wire) is tightly adhered, the supercooled water dripping on the conductor (or overhead ground wire) before condensing from liquid to solid can achieve a larger range of anti-icing and deicing with a smaller vibration amplitude, and anti-icing and deicing or reduce the severity of ice with a relatively acceptable energy consumption level and number of devices. By making full use of the time required for the gradual growth and accumulation of ice on the conductor, interfering with or destroying the conditions or processes of ice accumulation, it is possible to achieve anti-icing and de-icing or reduce the severity of ice. Through the above further analysis of the conductor icing mechanism and process, it can be seen that mobile de-icing devices focus more on de-icing and are a post-event measure, while fixed installations can be used for anti-icing, which can be an in-process and pre-event measure. This provides a feasible idea for the anti-icing and de-icing method using a fixed installation position.

[0006] Based on the above analysis, the distributed installation of mechanical fixed anti-icing and de-icing devices on overhead lines or railway contact networks is similar to the principle of traditional manual de-icing and is feasible. Compared with manual de-icing, it can also improve the automation and work efficiency of anti-icing and de-icing to a certain extent. The difficulty mainly focuses on how to invent an anti-icing and de-icing device with low energy consumption, high efficiency, high reliability, high intelligence, and full compatibility with the existing tower line system under the actual situation of extremely harsh objective conditions. Generally speaking, whether the mechanical de-icing device is mobile or fixed, it must have a certain energy supply to complete its anti-icing and de-icing function. However, because the mechanical de-icing device and the conductor (or overhead ground wire) are in the same equipotential field (or ground potential field), it is not only very difficult to obtain energy, but also extremely limited. The invention of an anti-icing and de-icing device that meets the actual mechanical fixed installation position on site must be based on the objective constraint that the actual energy acquisition is extremely limited. It is necessary not only to deeply analyze the mechanism and process of ice formation, but also to comprehensively consider various objective factors that affect the anti-icing and de-icing effect. Only in this way can the working efficiency of the device under various working conditions be fully exerted. Comprehensively considering various factors, the work of the present invention mainly includes the following 6 aspects: ① Make full use of the time gap from supercooled water droplets to condensation into ice, focus on taking measures before and during the process, avoid the ice layer from being tightly adhered and frozen before removing the ice, and improve energy utilization efficiency; ② Improve the efficiency of energy use, use less energy supply, and increase the force of each vibration on the conductor as much as possible, that is: slowly accumulate potential energy, quickly release potential energy, and increase the energy released by the device at one time; ③ Reasonably control the frequency of the anti-icing and de-icing device action according to different ice types to save energy consumption; ④ Reduce the mass of the device itself, improve the energy density and power density of the device, minimize the impact of the device on the existing tower line system, and fully compatible with the existing tower line system to avoid solving old problems but also bringing new problems. ⑤ The device is used in harsh outdoor environments for a long time, and it is extremely difficult to install and remove. Therefore, the average trouble-free working time is extremely demanding, which requires the use of high-reliability devices as much as possible while minimizing the number of components. ⑥ Reduce the cost of the device and improve the economy of the device. In summary, in addition to requiring a stable and reliable source of energy supply, the mechanical fixed-mounted anti-icing and de-icing device also needs to reasonably use the limited energy obtained to improve the efficiency of energy accumulation and energy release of the entire anti-icing and de-icing device, and improve the energy density and power density of the device. Some existing inventions and literature have made useful explorations in this area.

[0007] The invention "Device and method for removing foreign materials such as snow and ice from overhead lines" (CN1486525A) proposes a mechanical anti-icing and de-icing device with a fixed installation position. The invention uses an operationally controllable electromagnetic vibrator, which is semi-fixedly installed on the overhead line, and shakes off the ice on the conductor through the vibration of the electromagnetic vibrator. Among them, the vibrator selected is a product already on the market, such as the Wacker 400w ER model of the American WACKER company. Obviously, the invention did not fully consider the actual difficulties faced in energy extraction, but directly adopted existing mature products. This directly led to the fact that the invention could hardly meet actual needs, and it was more of a train of thought and concept. There are two main problems with using existing mature products as electromagnetic vibrators: ① The energy storage link is not taken into consideration in existing mature products, and the required energy consumption is far greater than the actual energy that can be supplied; ② The vibration frequency of existing electromagnetic vibrators is relatively high. In addition to causing excessive energy consumption, the excessively high vibration frequency also causes the vibration effect transmission to decay too quickly, and the de-icing range is very limited, especially between phases and between phases and ground. After passing through the insulator, this high-frequency vibration will be almost completely filtered out, and the desired de-icing effect cannot be achieved.

[0008] The inventions "Mechanical vibration deicing device" (CN201417921Y), "Elevated cable air explosion vibration deicing device" (CN201549858U), and "A mechanical vibration deicing device for overhead ground wires" (CN201247941Y) are all mechanical anti-icing and deicing devices that are manually installed. Their working principle is to achieve the purpose of deicing by driving the wire to vibrate through the device. The notable features of this invention are sufficient energy supply, large wire vibration amplitude, and good deicing effect. However, this invention also has some insurmountable shortcomings, such as: ① Chemical energy is used for energy supply (or energy storage), that is: explosives are pre-loaded, and the explosives are detonated by remote control after the device is in place. Obviously, this method can generally only be used once or a few times. If the number exceeds the corresponding number, the explosives need to be reloaded, resulting in low efficiency; ② When deicing, the device needs to manually launch a traction rope so that the device can be hung on the wire that needs to be deiced, which also leads to low work efficiency.

[0009] The invention "A method and device for preventing high-voltage wires from icing and snowing" (CN101286628A) proposes a deicing device that causes the conductor to vibrate through the vibration of a vibrator. The deicing principle of this invention is also to shake off the ice on the conductor through vibration. Because its vibrator needs to transmit the vibration force to the overhead line through an insulating connecting rod that meets the insulation distance, the principle of this invention is simple, but extremely difficult to implement, especially for ultra-high voltage overhead lines. The insulating connecting rod may be almost impossible to hang on the overhead line up to tens of meters above the ground. In actual operation, this device can be regarded as an upgraded version of artificial deicing.

[0010] The invention "A power line gravity impact deicing device and its application" (CN102638021A) proposes a deicing device that mainly uses circuit devices to realize gravity impact lines. The invention uses an electromagnetic driver to pull upward or release downward a weight indirectly hung on the wire, so as to generate an impact force on the overhead line, thereby shaking off the ice on the wire. The invention first uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to obtain electrical energy from the wire through which current flows, and then stores the obtained electrical energy through a capacitor. When the capacitor is fully charged, by controlling the closing and opening of the circuit switch, the electromagnetic driver is driven to lift the weight upward and then release the weight downward, realizing the conversion of the gravitational potential energy of the weight into an impact force on the wire, thereby achieving the purpose of deicing the wire. The advantages of this invention are very prominent. ① The use of capacitor energy storage makes it convenient to store energy and then release it quickly when the energy supply is insufficient, thereby increasing the power density of the device and the impact force on the line. ② It is very convenient to use active devices such as circuit switches to implement control logic, which is convenient for realizing various operations such as lifting and releasing heavy objects.

[0011] The above invention is mainly aimed at the anti-icing and de-icing of a certain phase conductor, and does not consider the anti-icing and de-icing between phase conductors, nor does it consider the anti-icing and de-icing work of the overhead ground wire. On the other hand, since there is no current flowing through the overhead ground wire, it is difficult to obtain the energy required for anti-icing and de-icing, and it is impossible to remove the ice on the overhead ground wire.

[0012] In order to solve the above technical problems or at least partially solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the idea of ​​using a cylindrical cam mechanism to switch the accumulation and release of tension and / or gravitational potential energy between two components with different potentials in an overhead line tower line system or an electric railway contact network tower network system, takes reducing the energy consumption level of the device as a constraint, and takes improving the unit mass power density and operation reliability of the device as a goal, and provides an anti-icing and de-icing device based on a cylindrical cam mechanism and an insulating component. The cylindrical cam mechanism is used to efficiently and controllably transmit the motor force or torque output; the controllability, reliability and scope of application of the device are improved by reasonably setting the cylindrical cam mechanism; the unit mass power density of the device is improved by setting an energy storage device between the base and the telescopic part. The cylindrical cam mechanism is used to first slowly accumulate the potential energy between the base and the telescopic part, and then the accumulated potential energy is quickly released to the conductor to shake off the ice on the overhead transmission line. By repeating and cycling the above work process, the purpose of anti-icing and de-icing of overhead transmission lines is achieved.

[0013] The present disclosure provides an anti-icing and de-icing device, which is used for fixed installation on an overhead line or an electric railway contact network, and comprises a cylindrical cam mechanism and an insulating component, wherein one end of the cylindrical cam mechanism is connected to one end of the insulating component, and the other end of the cylindrical cam mechanism and the other end of the insulating component are used to be connected between two components with different potentials in an overhead line tower line system or an electric railway contact network tower network system;

[0014] The cylindrical cam mechanism comprises a base, a motor, a speed reduction mechanism, a cylindrical cam, a resistance member and a telescopic part; the motor is arranged on the base, and the speed reduction mechanism is drivingly connected between the motor and the cylindrical cam; the cylindrical cam is rotatably arranged on the base, and is rotationally matched with the base and the resistance member; the resistance member is provided with the telescopic part, and the telescopic part is movably matched with the base, and under the pressure or tension transmitted by the telescopic part, the resistance member is in resistance with the cylindrical cam;

[0015] A cross-sectional step is provided on the contact surface where the cylindrical cam cooperates with the abutment, and the cross-sectional step is a structure with a height difference on the contact surface. The motor drives the cylindrical cam to rotate through a reduction mechanism, so that the telescopic part provided on the abutment produces a displacement relative to the base, and the displacement causes the tension and / or gravitational potential energy between two components with different potentials in the overhead line tower line system or the electric railway contact network tower network system to be accumulated or released through the insulating component;

[0016] When the abutment passes over the cross-sectional step on the contact surface of the cylindrical cam, the displacement of the telescopic part relative to the base suddenly changes, thereby causing a sudden change in the tension and / or gravitational potential energy between two components with different potentials in the overhead line tower system or the electric railway contact network tower system. The sudden potential energy causes the overhead line or the electric railway contact network to vibrate and shake off the ice, thereby achieving the purpose of anti-icing and de-icing.

[0017] Optionally, a spring is provided between the base and the telescopic portion.

[0018] Optionally, the insulating component is made of rigid or flexible insulating material, and is composed of one or more of insulators, insulator strings, insulating ropes, composite insulators, and post insulators connected in series and / or in parallel.

[0019] Optionally, a controller is further included, which is electrically connected to the motor and is used to control the actions of the motor, and the actions include: rotation, stop and speed regulation.

[0020] Optionally, the cylindrical cam mechanism is made of conductive material or insulating material, and there are one or more cylindrical cam mechanisms connected in series and / or in parallel.

[0021] Optionally, the number of the cylindrical cam mechanisms and / or the insulating components is one or more, and the multiple cylindrical cam mechanisms and the multiple insulating components are connected in series in any order and are arranged between two components with different potentials in an overhead line tower line system or an electric railway contact network tower network system.

[0022] Optionally, a control module is also included, and the control module is used to control multiple cylindrical cam mechanisms to operate at a set timing and / or frequency.

[0023] Optionally, the base of the cylindrical cam mechanism has a cavity, and the cylindrical cam and the resistance member are arranged in the cavity.

[0024] Optionally, it also includes an energy acquisition module, which includes one or more induction power acquisition units installed on the conductor at the same potential, and the induction power acquisition unit is used to collect the magnetic field energy around the conductor and convert it into electrical energy, and then provide the electrical energy to the cylindrical cam mechanism;

[0025] Alternatively, the energy acquisition module includes a photovoltaic panel and an energy storage capacitor or an energy storage battery connected to the photovoltaic panel.

[0026] Optionally, a plurality of the inductive power extraction units are connected in series and / or in parallel.

[0027] Optionally, the reduction mechanism includes one or more of a gear reduction mechanism, a worm gear reduction mechanism or a planetary gear reduction mechanism.

[0028] Optionally, the speed reduction mechanism has a check structure.

[0029] Optionally, the worm gear reduction mechanism includes a worm and a turbine, the turbine is meshed with the worm, the worm is arranged on the output shaft of the motor, the turbine cooperates with the base and is rotatably arranged on the base, and the cylindrical cam is provided on the turbine.

[0030] Optionally, the cylindrical cam is a cylindrical end face cam or a cylindrical barrel cam.

[0031] Optionally, a communication module is also included for receiving a master station or manual commands, or for communicating or relaying communications between different devices.

[0032] Optionally, an acceleration sensor is also included, and the acceleration sensor is used to detect the acceleration of the movement of the base or the telescopic part, and compare the detected acceleration with a set acceleration threshold to form status information.

[0033] The present disclosure also provides an anti-icing and de-icing spacer bar used between phase conductors or between a phase conductor and an overhead ground wire of an overhead power transmission line, comprising a spacer bar body and at least one anti-icing and de-icing device as described above mounted on the spacer bar body.

[0034] The present disclosure also provides an anti-icing and de-icing insulator used between an electric railway contact network and a support, comprising an inclined arm, a horizontal arm support insulator body and at least one anti-icing and de-icing device as described above installed on the inclined arm, the horizontal arm support insulator body.

[0035] The present disclosure also provides an anti-icing and de-icing insulator for use between the conductor of an overhead transmission line and a straight tower or a tension tower, comprising a straight tower, a tension tower insulator body and at least one anti-icing and de-icing device as described above installed on the straight tower and the tension tower insulator body.

[0036] The present disclosure also provides an anti-icing and deicing system for overhead lines or electric railway contact networks, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of anti-icing and deicing devices as described above, or a plurality of the anti-icing and deicing spacer rods, or a plurality of the anti-icing and deicing oblique arms, horizontal arm support insulators, or a plurality of the anti-icing and deicing straight towers, and tension tower insulators; the plurality of the anti-icing and deicing devices, or a plurality of the anti-icing and deicing spacer rods, or a plurality of the anti-icing and deicing oblique arms, horizontal arm support insulators, or the anti-icing and deicing straight towers, and tension tower insulators are distributedly installed on overhead lines or electric railway contact networks.

[0037] Optionally, it also includes a control system, which is used to control multiple anti-icing and deicing devices, or multiple anti-icing and deicing spacer rods, or multiple anti-icing and deicing inclined arms, horizontal arm support insulators, or multiple anti-icing and deicing linear towers, tension tower insulators to operate at a set timing and / or frequency.

[0038] The present disclosure provides an anti-icing and de-icing device for fixed installation between two components with different potentials in an overhead line or an electric railway contact network. The device includes a cylindrical cam mechanism and an insulating component connected in series. The cylindrical cam mechanism includes a base, a motor, a reduction mechanism, a cylindrical cam, a resistance member and a telescopic part. A cross-sectional step is provided on the contact surface where the cylindrical cam cooperates with the resistance member. When the resistance member passes over the cross-sectional step on the contact surface of the cylindrical cam, the displacement of the telescopic part suddenly changes due to the telescopic movement, thereby causing a sudden change in the tension and / or gravitational potential energy between two components with different potentials in the tower line system of the overhead line or the tower network system of the electric railway contact network. The sudden potential energy causes the overhead line or the electric railway contact network to vibrate and shake off the ice, thereby achieving the purpose of anti-icing and de-icing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0041] Figure 1Schematic diagram of two installation positions of anti-icing and de-icing devices on overhead line straight towers;

[0042] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of two installation positions of anti-icing and de-icing devices on overhead line tension towers;

[0043] Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical cam mechanism in an anti-icing and de-icing device applicable to a linear tower and a tension tower of an overhead line;

[0044] Figure 4 The exploded diagram of the cylindrical cam mechanism in the anti-icing and de-icing device applicable to the overhead line straight tower and tension tower;

[0045] Figure 5 This is the working principle diagram of the induction power supply unit;

[0046] Figure 6 This is the circuit schematic diagram of the induction power supply unit;

[0047] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the anti-icing and de-icing device installed between the phase conductor and the overhead ground wire;

[0048] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of an anti-icing and de-icing device installed between phase conductors;

[0049] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of an anti-icing and de-icing device for an electric railway overhead contact network with a telescopic arm;

[0050] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of an inclined arm of an electric railway overhead contact network with a telescopic function;

[0051] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical cam mechanism suitable for an inclined wrist arm of an electric railway contact network;

[0052] Fig.12 It is an exploded view of a cylindrical cam mechanism suitable for the oblique wrist arm of an electric railway contact network;

[0053] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of using a cylindrical cam mechanism and a post insulator in conjunction with a flexible traction rope (or insulating rope) to pull the load-bearing cable to vibrate for anti-icing and de-icing;

[0054] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of anti-icing and de-icing by using a cylindrical cam mechanism and a flexible traction rope (or insulating rope) to pull the load-bearing cable to vibrate;

[0055] Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of using a cylindrical cam mechanism and a post insulator in conjunction with a flexible traction rope (or insulating rope) to pull the contact line to vibrate for anti-icing and de-icing.

[0056] Fig.16The working process of the overhead line split conductor anti-icing and de-icing device based on the cylindrical cam mechanism;

[0057] Fig.17 Exploded view of a cylindrical cam.

[0058] Reference numerals:

[0059] 1. telescopic part; 11. motor; 103. inductive power taking unit; 104. wire clamp; 105. cylindrical cam mechanism; 106. insulating component; 200. base; 201. abutment; 202. ear; 203. turbine; 204. cylindrical cam; 205. worm; 206. base connected to the telescopic part 1 and matched with the support insulator 106; 207. groove matched with the ear 202; 401. hanging plate connecting the straight tower body; 601. oblique wrist arm; 602. horizontal wrist arm; 603, positioning tube; 604, light positioner; 605, positioning wire clamp; 606, windproof pull wire; 607, load-bearing cable; 608, contact wire; 609, suspension string; 610, pillar (pole tower); 611, pulley; 612, traction (or insulation) rope; 7, spring; 701, hanging ring for connecting the tension tower body; 703, connecting plate; 705, adjustment plate; 707, tension wire clamp; 708, conductor; 709, overhead ground wire; 802, iron core; 803, secondary coil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of the present disclosure, the scheme of the present disclosure will be further described below. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0061] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein; it is obvious that the embodiments in the specification are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0062] like Figure 1 , 2, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, an embodiment of the present invention provides an overhead line or electric railway contact network anti-icing and de-icing device based on a cylindrical cam mechanism 105 and an insulating component 106, which is used for fixed installation on an overhead line or an electric railway contact network. Exemplarily, an insulator string of an overhead line straight tower is used as the insulating component 106, and a cylindrical cam mechanism 105 is installed on the conductor side or the tower side of the insulator string, which is suitable for anti-icing and de-icing of conductors installed on the straight tower ( Figure 1 The insulator string of the overhead line tension tower is used as the insulation component 106, and a cylindrical cam mechanism 105 is installed on the conductor side or the tower side of the insulator string, which is suitable for anti-icing and de-icing of the conductors installed on the tension tower ( Figure 2The composite insulator of the phase-to-phase spacer between the phase conductors is used as the insulating component 106, and a cylindrical cam mechanism 105 is provided at at least one end thereof ( Figure 7 ); or the composite insulator of the phase-to-ground spacer between the phase conductor and the overhead ground wire is used as the insulating component 106, and a cylindrical cam mechanism 105 is provided at at least one end thereof ( Figure 8 ), these two situations are applicable to the anti-icing and de-icing of phase conductors and overhead ground wires. The device can transfer the vibration effect caused by the force generated by the telescopic movement of the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 to the conductors and overhead ground wires through the composite insulators of the phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground spacers to achieve anti-icing and de-icing ( Figure 7 , 8). The inclined arm support insulator 108 or the horizontal arm support insulator 107 of the electric railway contact network is used as the insulating component 106, and a cylindrical cam mechanism 105 is added at one end thereof ( Fig. 9 ), or use the support insulator and / or the traction (insulation) rope 612 as the insulating component 106, and add a cylindrical cam mechanism 105 ( Fig.13 , 14, 15), the vibration effect caused by the force generated by the telescopic movement of the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 can be transmitted to the catenary 607 or the contact wire 608 of the contact network through the arm of the support insulator (107 or 108) or the traction (insulation) rope 612 to achieve anti-icing and de-icing ( Fig. 9 , 13, 14, 15).

[0063] Figure 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, and 15, an anti-icing and de-icing device based on a cylindrical cam mechanism 105 and an insulating component 106 is provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. The anti-icing and de-icing device based on the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 and the insulating component 106 comprises a cylindrical cam mechanism 105 and an insulating component 106, one end of the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 is connected to one end of the insulating component 106, and the other end of the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 and the other end of the insulating component 106 are directly or indirectly connected between two components of different potentials in an overhead line tower line system or an electric railway contact network tower network system. The cylindrical cam mechanism 105 includes a base 200, a motor 11, a reduction mechanism, a cylindrical cam 204, a resistance member 201 and a telescopic portion 1 (i.e., a moving portion). The motor 11 is disposed on the base 200, and the reduction mechanism is transmission-connected between the motor 11 and the cylindrical cam 204. The cylindrical cam 204 is rotationally disposed on the base 200, and is rotationally matched with the base 200 and the resistance member 201. The resistance member 201 is provided with a telescopic portion 1, and the telescopic portion 1 is movable matched with the base 200. Under the pressure or tension transmitted by the telescopic portion 1, the resistance member 201 is in resistance with the cylindrical cam 204. A cross-sectional step is provided on the contact surface of the cylindrical cam 204 and the abutment 201. The cross-sectional step is a structure with a height difference on the contact surface of the cylindrical cam 204. The motor 11 drives the cylindrical cam 204 to rotate through the reduction mechanism, so that the telescopic part 1 provided on the abutment 201 generates a telescopic displacement relative to the base 200. The displacement accumulates or releases the tension and / or gravitational potential energy between two components with different potentials in the overhead line tower system or the electric railway contact network tower network system through the insulating component 106. When the abutment 201 passes over the cross-sectional step of the contact surface of the cylindrical cam 204, the telescopic displacement of the telescopic part 1 undergoes a sudden change, thereby causing a sudden change in the tension and / or gravitational potential energy between two components with different potentials in the overhead line tower system or the electric railway contact network tower network system. The sudden change in potential energy causes the overhead line or the electric railway contact network to vibrate and shake off the ice, thereby achieving the purpose of ice prevention and deicing.

[0064] The cooperation between the resisting member 201 of the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 and the cylindrical cam 204 can be a force-sealed method ( Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Fig.12) or a shaped closed method. According to the different installation positions of the cylindrical cam 204, there are two types of forces it is subjected to. One is the pressure from both ends to the middle, such as: a cylindrical cam mechanism 105 used to cooperate with the oblique arm 601 of the electric railway contact network; the other is the pulling force from both ends to the outside at the same time, such as: a cylindrical cam mechanism 105 used to cooperate with the horizontal arm 602 of the electric railway contact network, or a cylindrical cam mechanism 105 used in the electric railway contact network to cooperate with the flexible traction (or insulation) rope 612, or a cylindrical cam mechanism 105 used for a straight tower or a tension tower. For anti-icing and de-icing devices used between phases and between phases and ground, it is necessary to select one of the above two force conditions to reasonably design the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 according to the different states of movement of the telescopic part 1 and the actual on-site work conditions, that is: for a certain cylindrical cam mechanism, the direction of its force must be determined. The corresponding cylindrical cams also include two types, that is, a cylindrical end face cam ( Figure 3 , Figure 4 ) or cylindrical cam ( Fig.17 ). In fact, other types of cams can also achieve similar functions to the cylindrical cam in the present invention. The main consideration for the cylindrical cam in the present invention is that it has the following advantages. ① In the disc cam mechanism, the impact force of the push rod is directly transmitted to the rotating shaft of the cam, which will cause the cam bearing to be overloaded, easily causing bearing damage and affecting the reliability of the device. After the cylindrical cam is adopted, the impact force generated by the abutment acts directly on the base, reducing the force on the cylindrical cam rotating shaft bearing, which is beneficial to improving the bearing capacity of the device. ② The base adopts a cavity structure, and the cylindrical cam, the abutment and the energy storage device are placed in the cavity, which reduces the impact of the harsh outdoor environment and improves the reliability of the device. ③ Setting the cylindrical cam on the turbine not only realizes the deceleration and check function, but also improves the integration and reduces the components. ④ By adding the energy storage device spring between the base and the telescopic part, not only the influence of the tension direction is eliminated, but also the energy density of the device is improved. ⑤ By using the energy storage device spring, the cylindrical cam and the abutment adopt a force-sealed form, which improves the adaptability and reliability of the device.

[0065] The material of the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 can be made of conductive material or insulating material by comprehensively considering the mechanical strength of the material. The number of the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 is one or more, and they can be connected in series and / or in parallel. When the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 is partially or entirely made of insulating material, and the electrical performance of the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 meets the electrical insulation performance requirements for installation between different potentials, the insulating material part of the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 can be regarded as the insulating component 106, and combined with its own telescopic function, it can complete all the functions of the device of the present invention.

[0066] The movement between the base 200 and the telescopic part 1 is relative. With the base 200 as a reference, the telescopic part 1 will move relative to the base 200 under the drive of the motor 11. Similarly, with the telescopic part 1 as a reference, the base 200 will produce corresponding movement relative to the telescopic part 1 under the drive of the motor 11. Therefore, the motor 11 can also be set on the telescopic part 1, and accordingly, the motor 11 is connected to the base 200 through a reduction mechanism to drive the base 200 to produce corresponding movement. By extension, in the case where there are multiple telescopic parts 1, relative to one part of the telescopic part 1, the other part of the telescopic part 1 can be regarded as a part of the base 200. That is to say, for two telescopic parts 1 that move relative to each other, one of them can be used as a reference, which is considered to be relatively stationary and regarded as a part of the base 200.

[0067] The insulating component 106 is a device that is installed between conductors at different potentials or between conductors and grounding components and can withstand voltage and mechanical stress. There are many types of insulators with different shapes. Different types of insulators have different structures and appearances. They are generally composed of two major parts: insulating parts and connecting hardware. The insulating component 106 is made of rigid or flexible insulating materials. Common ones include: insulators, insulator strings, insulating ropes, post insulators, composite insulators, glass insulators, ceramic insulators, one or more of which are connected in series and / or in parallel. In the present invention, the insulating component 106 is not only used to maintain electrical insulation and mechanical strength between two components with different potentials, but also used to conduct the force generated by the movement of the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 between two components with different potentials in the overhead line tower line system or the electric railway contact network tower network system.

[0068] In some embodiments, the base 200 has a cavity, and the cylindrical cam 204 and the contact member 201 are arranged in the cavity. In some embodiments, a spring is provided between the base 200 and the telescopic part 1 (or the contact member 201, or the cylindrical cam 204). The spring is preferably a disc spring or a column spring. The spring can accelerate the resetting speed of the telescopic part 1 in an unconstrained state, thereby increasing the acceleration of the resetting movement and making it easier for ice and snow attached to the device to fall off. On the other hand, because of the presence of the spring, the forces at both ends of the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 can also be kept relatively stable, so that the cooperation between the telescopic part 1 and the base 200, and the cooperation between the contact member 201 and the cylindrical cam 204 remain relatively tight, reducing vibration and collision. In some embodiments, the anti-icing and de-icing device based on the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 and the insulating component 106 also includes a controller, which is electrically connected to the motor 11 and is used to control the action of the motor 11, namely: forward rotation, reverse rotation, stop, and adjustment of the motor speed.

[0069] The number of the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 and / or the insulating component 106 is one or more, and the multiple cylindrical cam mechanisms 105 and the multiple insulating components 106 are connected in series in any order and are arranged between two components with different potentials in the overhead line tower line system or the electric railway contact network tower network system. Among them, the insulating component 106 is used to maintain electrical insulation between two components with different potentials, and the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 is used to generate a displacement mutation between two components with different potentials, thereby generating a vibration effect, which is used to achieve the purpose of anti-icing and de-icing.

[0070] Inventing an overhead line deicing device (CA2444216A1 / CA2444216C / US7310948B2) Fig.10 A de-icing process of the invention is given in the figure. It can be seen from the figure that a de-icing work includes 6 sequentially executed work steps, namely: energy input, energy collection, energy storage, trigger mechanism release, and the actuator applies energy to the conductor to complete vibration de-icing, among which energy storage is not a necessary work step. Obviously, the work of the device is a sequential and one-time work process, which collects the input energy, stores the collected energy, triggers the release of the collected energy, and then uses the execution system to output energy to the overhead line. The problems with such a de-icing work process are obvious. Considering the complexity of the causes of icing, it is almost impossible to achieve the required de-icing effect by relying on a single action of the device, and different types of icing also require different vibration frequencies of the device. These reasons will greatly limit the de-icing effect of the invention.

[0071] Different from the invention, the device of the present application adopts anti-icing and de-icing working steps which are repeated and cycled periodically at a certain frequency. Fig.16The anti-icing and de-icing workflow of the present invention is shown. When the device is running, the energy acquisition module provides electrical energy supply to the entire device, and the device then decides whether to enter the anti-icing and de-icing state according to the on-site meteorological conditions, the line icing status or manual instructions. Once the device enters the anti-icing and de-icing state, the motor 11 after power-on continues to output mechanical energy. The motor 11 will drive the telescopic part 1 to slowly leave the initial point position (the lowest point of the cross-sectional step) relative to the base 200 through the cylindrical cam mechanism 105. As the telescopic part 1 is displaced, the spring begins to slowly accumulate the elastic potential energy of the spring as well as the tension potential energy and gravity potential energy. When the telescopic part 1 moves to the critical position of the end point (the highest point of the cross-sectional step), the energy accumulated by the device reaches an extreme value. When the telescopic part 1 passes the critical position of the end point (cross-section step), the device instantly releases the accumulated potential energy between the components with different potentials through the relative movement of the telescopic part 1 and the base 200 and with the help of the insulating component 106, causing at least one of the components to move rapidly and generate acceleration. Along with the energy release, the telescopic part 1 returns to the initial point position again, completing a cycle of energy accumulation to release. The above action process is repeated periodically, causing the overhead line or railway contact network to produce a vibration effect at a certain frequency, thereby realizing anti-icing and de-icing of the overhead transmission line.

[0072] In order to better meet the actual situation on site, the present invention optimizes, weighs and compromises various aspects such as the reliability of the device, the energy density per unit mass, the efficiency of energy use, and the effect of anti-icing and deicing. By using the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 and the spring, the energy density of the device is improved when the energy supply is insufficient. By using the cylindrical cam mechanism 105, the number of components used is relatively small, and the overall reliability of the device is improved. In addition, the power density of the motor 11, the reliability of the motor 11, the parameters of the cylindrical cam 204, the ratio of the reduction mechanism, the spring parameters, the moving distance of the telescopic part 1 and other state parameters can also be comprehensively optimized to improve the overall performance of the device.

[0073] In some embodiments, the anti-icing and de-icing device based on the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 and the insulating component 106 further includes a control module, and the control module is used to control multiple cylindrical cam mechanisms 105 in one device to operate at a set timing and / or frequency.

[0074] The anti-icing and de-icing device based on the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 and the insulating component 106 also includes an energy acquisition module, which can be used to acquire wind energy, solar energy, magnetic field energy, etc. In this embodiment, the energy acquisition module includes one or more induction power acquisition units 103 (such as Figure 5 , 6 ), the inductive power unit 103 includes an iron core 802 sleeved outside the wire 708, and a secondary coil 803 is wound around the iron core 802. Figure 6 ), the first current I1 flows through the wire 708, generating an induced current I2 on the secondary coil, and then generating an output voltage U through the AC / DC circuit or AC / AC circuit o and output current I o , output to the motor 11 or output to the motor 11 through an energy storage battery or capacitor. The inductive power unit 103 is used to convert the magnetic field energy around the wire into electrical energy and provide the electrical energy to the motor. Among them, multiple inductive power units 103 can be connected in series and / or in parallel.

[0075] The reduction mechanism is transmission-connected between the motor 11 and the cylindrical cam 204, and is responsible for the conversion and conduction of the force. The reduction mechanism can also be selected to be integrated or fused with the motor 11, or it can be selected to be fused with the cylindrical cam 204. The reduction mechanism preferably has a check structure. In addition to selecting a mechanical reduction mechanism, the reduction mechanism can also select a reduction mechanism commonly used in the circuit breaker opening and closing operating mechanism, such as: a hydraulic operating mechanism based on a solenoid valve and a hydraulic pump, an air compressor and a pneumatic motor, or a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor. These mechanisms can also well complete the conversion, conduction and accumulation of potential energy of the force. In this case, the corresponding energy storage and release mechanism (corresponding to the function of the cylindrical cam mechanism) needs to adopt active devices, such as an electromagnetic pressure relief valve, a high-pressure gas solenoid valve, etc. In the present invention, a mechanical reduction mechanism implemented by passive devices is preferred. Correspondingly, the mechanical reduction mechanism can adopt a gear reduction mechanism, a worm reduction mechanism, or a planetary gear reduction mechanism, which can improve the reliability and economy of the operation of the device, and adopts passive control, with a simple and reliable structure, and economical and practical operation. In the example Figure 3 , 4, Fig.11 , 12, the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 includes a motor 11, a worm 205, a turbine 203, a cylindrical cam 204, a resistance member 201 and a telescopic part 1. The turbine 203 meshes with the worm 205 and is a speed reduction mechanism. The worm 205 is arranged on the output shaft of the motor 11, the turbine 203 cooperates with the base 200 and is rotatably arranged on the base 200, the turbine 203 is provided with a cylindrical cam 204, and the telescopic part 1 is provided with a resistance member 201. Under the pressure or tension transmitted by the telescopic part 1, the resistance member 201 is in resistance with the cylindrical cam 204, and a cross-sectional step is provided on the contact surface of the cylindrical cam 204 that is in resistance with the resistance member 201. The cross-sectional step is a structure with a height difference on the end surface of the cam, so that the telescopic displacement of the telescopic part 1 relative to the base 200 undergoes a sudden change.

[0076] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the anti-icing and de-icing device based on the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 and the insulating component 106 is used for the overhead line straight tower or the tension tower. The insulator string of the overhead line straight tower is used as the insulating component 106, and the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 is installed on the conductor side or the tower side of the insulator string, which is suitable for the anti-icing and de-icing of the conductors installed on the straight tower ( Figure 1 ). Among them, the hanging plate 401 and the wire clamp 104 connected to the straight tower body are used as line hardware to connect the straight pole tower and the conductor 708, and are used to transmit the force generated by the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 to the conductor 708. The tension insulator string of the overhead line tension tower is used as the insulating component 106, and the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 is installed on the conductor side or the pole tower side of the tension insulator string, which is suitable for anti-icing and de-icing of the conductors erected by the tension tower ( Figure 2 ). Among them, the line hardware such as the hanging ring 701, the connecting plate 703, the adjustment plate 705, the tension wire clamp 707 and the like connecting the tension tower body are used to connect the tension tower and the conductor 708, and are used to transfer the force generated by the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 to the conductor 708. In the above two cases, the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 directly bears the weight of the conductor. The force required by the motor 11 to drive the telescopic part 1 will be very large, and is constrained by the energy supply of the energy extraction module. Therefore, the displacement distance of the telescopic part 1 relative to the base 200 must be as small as possible. Because it needs to bear the weight of the conductor, both ends of the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 are always subjected to simultaneous outward pulling force. In response to these situations, the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 adopts Figure 3 , 4 The cylindrical cam 204 shown in the figure cooperates with the structure of the telescopic part 1. A cross-sectional step is provided on the contact surface of the cylindrical cam 204, and the cross-sectional step is a structure with a height difference on the end surface of the cam. When the contact surface between the abutment 201 of the telescopic part 1 and the cylindrical cam 204 jumps from the higher end surface of the cam to the lower end surface of the cam, the telescopic part 1 is instantly accelerated under the action of the gravity of the wire, and then stops instantly, thereby forming a strong vibration, which has an anti-icing and de-icing effect.

[0077] Similarly, the overhead ground wire of the overhead line can also adopt the above-mentioned method similar to the straight tower and tension tower, and add corresponding anti-icing and de-icing devices at the corresponding position. Because the induced electricity of overhead ground wires above 500 kV is relatively large, the tower and the overhead ground wire are generally grounded at one point, and the corresponding anti-icing and de-icing devices are added in the same way as conventional straight towers and tension towers. For the 220 kV and below system, the overhead ground wire is directly grounded to each tower, and only the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 can be used, and the insulating component 106 is no longer used. Unlike overhead wires, it is difficult to obtain energy from overhead ground wires, and the energy acquisition module should be powered by photovoltaic panels and energy storage capacitors or energy storage batteries connected to the photovoltaic panels.

[0078] Figure 7As shown in FIG8 , the anti-icing and de-icing device based on the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 and the insulating component 106 is used between phase conductors or between phase conductors and overhead ground wires. The composite insulator of the phase-to-phase spacer between the phase conductors is used as the insulating component 106, and the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 is set at at least one end thereof, or the composite insulator of the phase-to-ground spacer between the phase conductor and the overhead ground wire is used as the insulating component 106, and the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 is set at at least one end thereof. These two cases are suitable for anti-icing and de-icing of the phase conductors and the overhead ground wires. The vibration effect caused by the force generated by the telescopic movement of the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 can be transmitted to the conductors and the overhead ground wires through the composite insulators of the phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground spacers to achieve anti-icing and de-icing. Since it is difficult to obtain energy on the overhead ground wire, the energy supply of the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 on one side of the overhead ground wire should be powered by photovoltaic panels and energy storage capacitors or energy storage batteries connected to the photovoltaic panels. In the above two cases, the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 bears the tension and / or gravity between the phase conductors, or the tension and / or gravity between the phase conductors and the overhead ground wire. In order to obtain a better anti-icing and de-icing effect, a spring, such as a disc spring or a telescopic spring, may be provided between the base and the telescopic part.

[0079] like Fig. 9, 13, 14, and 15, the anti-icing and de-icing device based on the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 and the insulating component 106 is used between the oblique arm 601, the horizontal arm 602, the load-bearing cable 607, the contact wire 608 and the support (pole tower) 610 of the electric railway contact network. The oblique arm support insulator 107 or the horizontal arm support insulator 108 of the electric railway contact network is used as the insulating component 106, and the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 is added to one end thereof, or the support insulator (such as 107 or 108) and / or the flexible traction (or flexible insulation) rope 612 are used as the insulating component 106, and the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 is added to one end of the support (pole tower), so that the vibration effect caused by the force generated by the telescopic movement of the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 can be transmitted to the contact network through the arm (601, 602) of the support insulator (such as 107, 108) or the traction (or insulation) rope 612 to achieve anti-icing and de-icing. Among them, the positioning tube 603, the light positioner 604, the positioning wire clamp 605, the windproof pull wire 606, the hanging string 609, etc. are inherent parts of the electric railway contact network, and the pulley 611 is a newly added part of the present invention, which is used to cooperate with the flexible traction rope 612 or the flexible insulating rope 612 to transmit the force generated by the telescopic component. Through these parts, the force generated by the telescopic component is transmitted to the load-bearing cable 607 and the contact wire 608, so as to achieve the purpose of anti-icing and deicing of the electric railway contact network. In the above situation, the electric railway contact network is connected to the telescopic part 1 through the base 206 matched with the insulating component 106 (pillar insulator 107 or 108), so the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 bears a large part of the weight of the electric railway contact network, and the force required by the motor 11 to drive the telescopic part 1 will be relatively large, so the displacement of the telescopic part 1 relative to the base 200 should be kept relatively small. Because it needs to bear part of the weight of the electric railway contact network, the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 matched with the oblique arm 601 is always subjected to pressure towards the middle at both ends, while the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 matched with the horizontal arm 602 and the flexible traction (or insulation) rope 612 is always subjected to pulling force at both ends. Fig.12 The cylindrical cam shown in the figure cooperates with the telescopic part; the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 cooperates with the horizontal arm 602 and with the flexible traction (or insulation) rope 612. Figure 4 The cylindrical cam mechanism 105 shown. Both cylindrical cam mechanisms 105 utilize the cross-sectional steps with a height difference on the contact surface of the cylindrical cam 204 to generate a sudden displacement change of the telescopic part 1 for anti-icing and de-icing. Considering that low-voltage power is provided along the electric railway contact network, the required energy supply should preferably select the direct power supply mode.

[0080] The anti-icing and de-icing device based on the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 and the insulating component 106 also includes a communication module for receiving a master station or manual command, or for communicating or relaying communication between different devices. The device also includes an acceleration sensor, which is used to detect the acceleration of the movement of the base 200 or the telescopic part 1, and compare the detected acceleration with a set acceleration threshold to form status information.

[0081] The present invention also discloses the following four anti-icing and de-icing solutions for fixed installation between two components with different potentials in an overhead line or an electric railway contact network.

[0082] ① An anti-icing and de-icing spacer rod installed between phase conductors or between phase conductors and overhead ground wires of an overhead transmission line, including a phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground composite insulator body as an insulating component 106 and a cylindrical cam mechanism 105 installed on the spacer rod and can be regarded as a part of the connecting hardware.

[0083] ② An anti-icing and de-icing insulator installed between the electric railway contact network and the support, including an inclined arm as an insulating component 106, a horizontal arm support insulator body and a cylindrical cam mechanism 105 installed on the insulator and can be regarded as a part of the connecting hardware.

[0084] ③ An anti-icing and de-icing insulator installed between the conductor of an overhead transmission line and a straight tower or a tension tower, comprising a straight tower as an insulating component 106, a tension tower insulator body and a cylindrical cam mechanism 105 installed on the insulator and which can be regarded as a part of the connecting hardware.

[0085] ④ An anti-icing and deicing system, which includes multiple anti-icing and deicing devices based on the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 and the insulating component 106 as described above, or multiple anti-icing and deicing spacer rods, or multiple anti-icing and deicing oblique arms, horizontal arm support insulators, or multiple anti-icing and deicing straight towers, tension tower insulators. Multiple anti-icing and deicing devices based on the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 and the insulating component 106, or multiple anti-icing and deicing spacer rods, or multiple anti-icing and deicing oblique arms, horizontal arm support insulators, or multiple anti-icing and deicing straight towers, tension tower insulators are distributedly installed at a certain interval in the easy-to-ice-covered section of the overhead line or the electric railway contact network. By adding an intelligent communication management and control system to the anti-icing and deicing device based on the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 and the insulating component 106, or multiple anti-icing and deicing spacer rods, or multiple anti-icing and deicing inclined arms, horizontal arm support insulators, or multiple anti-icing and deicing straight towers, tension tower insulators, and using a remote master station, or manual commands, or autonomous control to coordinate the anti-icing and deicing mode, combining the icing condition of the line and the operating environment to intelligently control timely actions, reasonably selecting the action strategy of the device and the anti-icing and deicing mode of the line, and acting at a set timing and / or frequency, the impact of unbalanced deicing on overhead lines will be reduced.

[0086] The intelligent communication management and control system includes: a communication module, a controller, a control module, a control system and an intelligent communication management unit. The communication module communicates with the main station, the manual operator and other devices through a wireless or wired network, has the functions of routing, relaying and forwarding information of other communication modules, and is networked with the communication modules of other devices to form a self-organizing network. Different control modules interact with each other through the communication module to form a control system, which can control multiple anti-icing and deicing devices based on the cylindrical cam mechanism 105 and the insulating component 106 to act at a set timing and / or frequency. The communication module of the intelligent communication management and control system can also communicate with other inventions and anti-icing and deicing methods or devices of other principles, cooperate with each other, and jointly achieve better anti-icing and deicing effects. The intelligent communication management unit has a self-checking function, which is responsible for collecting the status information of the environment and the device itself and reporting it to the main station or operator through the communication module as needed, and is responsible for comprehensively judging whether to turn on or off the deicing function or select the required anti-icing and deicing strategy based on various types of information. Among them, the typical self-check function includes detecting the acceleration of the movement of the base 200 or the telescopic part 1 by adding an acceleration sensor in the intelligent communication management unit, and comparing the detected acceleration with the set acceleration threshold, so as to determine whether the telescopic movement generated by the device itself meets the requirements. Typical anti-icing and de-icing strategies include: for a tension section or a straight tower section, the device action sequence gradually transitions from both sides to the middle, or vice versa; for heavy ice areas, in addition to increasing the number of distributed installations of anti-icing and de-icing devices, the action strength and frequency of the device can also be increased. The status information collected by the intelligent communication management unit includes: operating environment information, meteorological conditions, icing conditions, acceleration, vibration, audio and video, geographic location, time, and conductor current status information. By adding intelligent coordinated control, effective intervention can be made in the de-icing process of iced overhead lines, and a de-icing strategy with the goal of ensuring the safety of overhead lines can be adopted. Coordinated control can be exercised over devices in different positions to coordinate actions and de-ice in an orderly manner, thereby improving the problem of line de-icing jumping caused by large-scale simultaneous de-icing, and reducing the severity of the impact of "full-speed de-icing", "centralized de-icing" and "unbalanced de-icing" on overhead transmission lines and power grids.

[0087] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the above elements.

[0088] The above are only specific embodiments of the present disclosure, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure will not be limited to these embodiments herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An anti-icing and de-icing device, used for fixed installation on overhead lines or electric railway contact networks, characterized in that: It comprises a cylindrical cam mechanism (105) and an insulating component (106), wherein one end of the cylindrical cam mechanism (105) is connected to one end of the insulating component (106), and the other end of the cylindrical cam mechanism (105) and the other end of the insulating component (106) are used to be connected between two components with different potentials in an overhead line tower line system or an electric railway contact network tower network system; The cylindrical cam mechanism (105) comprises a base (200), a motor (11), a speed reduction mechanism, a cylindrical cam (204), a resistance member (201) and a telescopic portion (1); the motor (11) is arranged on the base (200), and the speed reduction mechanism is drivingly connected between the motor (11) and the cylindrical cam (204); the cylindrical cam (204) is rotatably arranged on the base (200) and is rotatably matched with the base (200) and the resistance member (201); the resistance member (201) is provided with the telescopic portion (1), the telescopic portion (1) is movably matched with the base (200), and under the action of the pressure or tension transmitted by the telescopic portion (1), the resistance member (201) and the cylindrical cam (204) are in resistance and match; A cross-sectional step is provided on the contact surface where the cylindrical cam (204) cooperates with the abutment (201); the cross-sectional step is a structure with a height difference on the contact surface; the motor (11) drives the cylindrical cam (204) to rotate through a speed reduction mechanism, so that the telescopic part (1) arranged on the abutment (201) is displaced relative to the base (200); the displacement causes the tension and / or gravitational potential energy between two components with different potentials in an overhead line tower system or an electric railway contact network tower system to be accumulated or released through the insulating component (106); When the abutment (201) passes over the cross-sectional step of the contact surface with the cylindrical cam (204), the displacement of the telescopic portion (1) relative to the base (200) undergoes a sudden change, thereby causing a sudden change in the tension and / or gravitational potential energy between two components with different potentials in the overhead line tower line system or the electric railway contact network tower network system. The sudden change in potential energy causes the overhead line or the electric railway contact network to vibrate and shake off ice, thereby achieving the purpose of anti-icing and de-icing.

2. The anti-icing and de-icing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A spring is provided between the base (200) and the telescopic portion (1).

3. The anti-icing and de-icing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulating component (106) is made of a rigid or flexible insulating material, and is composed of one or more of an insulator, an insulator string, and an insulating rope connected in series and / or in parallel.

4. The anti-icing and de-icing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a controller, which is electrically connected to the motor (11) and is used to control the actions of the motor (11), wherein the actions include: rotation, stop and speed regulation.

5. The anti-icing and de-icing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylindrical cam mechanism (105) is made of conductive material or insulating material, and there are one or more cylindrical cam mechanisms (105) connected in series and / or in parallel.

6. The anti-icing and de-icing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the cylindrical cam mechanism (105) and / or the insulating component (106) is one or more, and a plurality of the cylindrical cam mechanisms (105) and a plurality of insulating components (106) are connected in series in any order and are arranged between two components with different potentials in an overhead line tower line system or an electric railway contact network tower network system.

7. The anti-icing and de-icing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a control module, which is used to control the multiple cylindrical cam mechanisms (105) to act at a set timing and / or frequency.

8. The anti-icing and de-icing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (200) of the cylindrical cam mechanism (105) has a cavity, and the cylindrical cam (204) and the resisting member (201) are arranged in the cavity.

9. The anti-icing and de-icing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an energy acquisition module, the energy acquisition module including one or more induction power acquisition units (103) installed on the conductor at the same potential, the induction power acquisition unit (103) is used to collect magnetic field energy around the conductor and convert it into electrical energy, and then provide the electrical energy to the cylindrical cam mechanism (105); Alternatively, the energy acquisition module includes a photovoltaic panel and an energy storage capacitor or an energy storage battery connected to the photovoltaic panel.

10. The anti-icing and de-icing device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The plurality of inductive power extraction units (103) are connected in series and / or in parallel.

11. The anti-icing and de-icing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reduction mechanism includes one or more of a gear reduction mechanism or a worm gear reduction mechanism.

12. The anti-icing and de-icing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The speed reduction mechanism has a non-return structure.

13. The anti-icing and de-icing device according to claim 11, characterized in that: The speed reduction mechanism comprises a worm gear speed reduction mechanism, the worm gear speed reduction mechanism comprises a worm (205) and a turbine (203), the turbine (203) meshes with the worm (205), the worm (205) is arranged on the output shaft of the motor (11), the turbine (203) cooperates with the base (200) and is rotatably arranged on the base (200), and the cylindrical cam (204) is arranged on the turbine (203).

14. The anti-icing and de-icing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylindrical cam is a cylindrical end face cam or a cylindrical barrel cam.

15. The anti-icing and de-icing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a communication module for receiving a master station or manual commands, or for communicating or relaying communications between different devices.

16. The anti-icing and de-icing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises an acceleration sensor, which is used to detect the acceleration of the movement of the base (200) or the telescopic part (1), and compare the detected acceleration with a set acceleration threshold to form status information.

17. An anti-icing and de-icing spacer rod, used between phase conductors of an overhead power transmission line or between a phase conductor and an overhead ground wire, characterized in that: The invention comprises a spacer bar body and at least one anti-icing and de-icing device according to any one of claims 1 to 16 mounted on the spacer bar body.

18. An anti-icing and de-icing insulator, used between an electric railway contact network and a support, characterized in that: It comprises an oblique arm, a horizontal arm support insulator body and at least one anti-icing and de-icing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16 installed on the oblique arm, the horizontal arm support insulator body.

19. An anti-icing and de-icing insulator used between a conductor and a straight tower or a tension tower of an overhead transmission line, characterized in that: It comprises a straight tower, a tension tower insulator body and at least one anti-icing and de-icing device according to any one of claims 1 to 16 installed on the straight tower and the tension tower insulator body.

20. An anti-icing and de-icing system for overhead lines or electric railway contact networks, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of anti-icing and deicing devices as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16, or a plurality of the anti-icing and deicing spacer rods, or a plurality of the anti-icing and deicing oblique arms, horizontal arm support insulators, or a plurality of the anti-icing and deicing straight towers, and tension tower insulators; the plurality of the anti-icing and deicing devices, or a plurality of the anti-icing and deicing spacer rods, or a plurality of the anti-icing and deicing oblique arms, horizontal arm support insulators, or the anti-icing and deicing straight towers, and tension tower insulators are distributed and installed on overhead lines or electric railway contact networks.

21. An anti-icing and de-icing system according to claim 20, used for overhead lines or electric railway contact networks, characterized in that: It also includes a control system, which is used to control multiple anti-icing and deicing devices, or multiple anti-icing and deicing spacer rods, or multiple anti-icing and deicing inclined arms, horizontal arm support insulators, or multiple anti-icing and deicing straight towers, tension tower insulators to operate at a set timing and / or frequency.

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