Cloud-edge-end integrated indoor number monitoring system and method based on passive Internet of Things

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cloud-edge-end integrated indoor number monitoring system and method based on passive Internet of Things, including an intelligent Internet of Things floor based on magnetoelectric energy collection technology, an edge computing node and a cloud platform. The intelligent Internet of Things floor collects pedestrian walking kinetic energy through magnetoelectric energy collection technology and converts it into Bluetooth signal energy consumption and transmits it. The edge computing node receives the Bluetooth signal as a pedestrian flow signal and sends it to the cloud platform. The cloud platform monitors the indoor flow of people in real time through the information packets sent by each edge computing node. Ordinary floors are given wisdom so that they have the ability to monitor people's movements and wireless communications. By taking advantage of cloud platforms, cloud computing, magnetoelectric energy collection technology and low-power Internet of Things technology, intelligent self-generating floors can be deployed in all crowded places to realize remote number monitoring based on end-side passiveness, which greatly reduces the power consumption and cost of indoor number monitoring and provides a promising solution for the field of indoor number monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a monitoring technology, and in particular to a cloud-edge-terminal integrated indoor number monitoring system and method based on a passive Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, the number of IoT devices is increasing exponentially, and meaningful industrial applications are constantly emerging. Indoor crowd monitoring is a very popular application in recent years. It aims to monitor the flow of people in a specific place in real time, so as to count the total number of people in a certain period of time or the density of people in different time periods and other meaningful information.

[0003] However, most pedestrian monitoring devices today rely on power grids or batteries, which are not only limited in space and have a negative impact on the environment, but also have a huge cost in manpower and material resources to replace and maintain batteries for a large number of IoT devices, which will also inhibit the development of the IoT. Moreover, the indoor crowd monitoring system is still not perfect, and most of them only realize local monitoring based on Bluetooth or WiFi, without combining advanced IoT technologies such as cloud platforms and edge computing to achieve real-time remote monitoring based on the cloud, edge, and terminal.

[0004] Passive IoT aims to use advanced energy harvesting technology to enable IoT terminal devices to autonomously extract energy from the environment to maintain normal operation without the need for additional batteries. However, the development of passive IoT has just started. Because it covers interdisciplinary knowledge such as mechanics, circuits, and IoT, it is not easy to build a complete system, and its actual application is also very limited. Summary of the invention

[0005] Aiming at the passive design problem of remote monitoring, a cloud-edge integrated indoor number monitoring system and method based on passive Internet of Things was proposed. The magnetoelectric energy harvesting technology was used to design a self-powered number monitoring IoT terminal device, and the monitoring system was constructed by combining the low power consumption and high reliability of edge computing nodes and cloud platforms.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a cloud-edge integrated indoor number monitoring system based on a passive Internet of Things, including an intelligent Internet of Things floor based on magnetoelectric energy collection technology, an edge computing node and a cloud platform. The intelligent Internet of Things floor collects pedestrian walking kinetic energy through magnetoelectric energy collection technology and converts it into Bluetooth signal energy consumption and transmits it. The edge computing node receives the Bluetooth signal as a pedestrian flow signal and sends it to the cloud platform. The cloud platform monitors the indoor flow of people in real time through the information packets sent by each edge computing node.

[0007] Preferably, the intelligent Internet of Things floor based on magnetoelectric energy harvesting technology includes a floor panel suitable for one person to step on, two passive Internet of Things modules and four supporting springs. The panel under the floor has two notches. The two passive Internet of Things modules are embedded and installed in the two notches of the panel under the floor one after the other along the walking direction. The four supporting springs are installed at the four corners of the panel under the floor. The passive Internet of Things module receives energy and converts it into electrical energy to drive the low-power SoC chip to work, and sends a Bluetooth signal packet with ID information.

[0008] Preferably, the passive Internet of Things module includes a mechanical unit and a module circuit based on magnetoelectric energy harvesting technology. The module circuit is composed of the simplest Internet of Things single-chip computer minimum system. The storage capacitor uses a 1-10nF ceramic capacitor. The storage capacitor provides a 3v-5v operating voltage to the single-chip computer low-power SoC chip. The single-chip computer sends Bluetooth beacon packets at ms time intervals.

[0009] Preferably, the low-power SoC chip in the passive Internet of Things module selects the NRF52832 chip, and the energy consumed by normal initialization and sending a Bluetooth Beacon packet is 201 μJ.

[0010] Preferably, the edge computing node adopts a low-power SoC chip module with Bluetooth and WiFi communication functions.

[0011] A cloud-edge-end integrated indoor number monitoring method based on passive Internet of Things is established. An cloud-edge-end integrated indoor number monitoring system based on passive Internet of Things is established. The edge computing node continuously monitors the ID-identifiable Bluetooth signal packets in the environment at microsecond intervals, correctly reads the corresponding signal packets when the passive Internet of Things module is stimulated, and uploads the local sampling data to the cloud platform in real time after calculation.

[0012] Furthermore, the edge computing node selects an esp32 microcontroller, and esp32 identifies two beacon packets sent by the two front and rear passive IoT modules, and determines the entry and exit of pedestrians based on the order in which the two beacon packets are received. After esp32 locally counts the number of pedestrians in the room, it sends the number information to the cloud platform via the MQTT protocol, and the cloud platform analyzes and visualizes the information in real time.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention is based on the passive Internet of Things cloud-edge-end integrated indoor population monitoring system and method, which gives intelligence to ordinary floors, enabling them to have the ability to monitor people's movements and wireless communications. By taking advantage of the cloud platform, cloud computing, magnetoelectric energy harvesting technology and low-power Internet of Things technology, intelligent self-generating floors can be deployed in all crowded places to achieve remote population monitoring based on end-side passiveness, which greatly reduces the power consumption and cost of indoor population monitoring, and provides a promising solution for the field of indoor population monitoring. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the intelligent floor in the system of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0016] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the intelligent floor in the system of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the passive Internet of Things module of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the passive Internet of Things module of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 6 It is the energy flow diagram in the intelligent floor in the system of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 7 This is a program flow chart of the edge computing node in the system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation method and specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, an IoT system based on self-generated population monitoring terminal, edge node and cloud platform is designed for indoor population monitoring. The present invention innovatively integrates intelligent IoT floor, edge computing node and cloud platform based on magnetoelectric energy collection technology. The intelligent IoT floor converts the collected kinetic energy of pedestrians into Bluetooth signal energy consumption and transmits it. The edge computing node receives the Bluetooth signal as a pedestrian flow signal and sends it to the cloud platform. The cloud platform monitors the local flow of people in real time through the information packets sent by each edge computing node, sends the monitoring information to the terminal and analyzes and visualizes the information in real time. A low-power, high-reliability cloud-edge-terminal integrated indoor population monitoring system based on passive IoT is formed, and a matching algorithm for judging pedestrian entry and exit is developed at the same time.

[0023] like Figure 2 , 3The three-dimensional diagram of the smart floor shown in the figure is a smart IoT floor based on magnetoelectric energy harvesting technology: the smart floor includes a floor panel suitable for one person to step on, two passive IoT modules and four supporting springs. There are two notches on the floor panel, and two passive IoT modules are embedded and installed in the two notches of the floor panel one after the other along the walking direction. The four supporting springs are installed at the four corners of the floor panel. With a specially designed mechanical structure, when a person steps on the floor, the floor can collect the energy of the pedestrian's movement and transmit it to the passive IoT module with high efficiency. After receiving the energy, the passive IoT module drives the low-power SoC to work and instantly sends a certain number of Bluetooth signal packets with ID information.

[0024] like Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the passive Internet of Things module structure is shown in the figure. The mechanical unit of the module includes a spring, a toggle iron sheet, a screw, a magnet and a copper wire. The toggle iron sheet is clamped by the internal structure of the shell and the support spring fixed on the inner wall of the shell. One end of the iron sheet extends outside the shell and is embedded with a screw. The screw is vertically fixed to one end of the iron sheet. The other end of the screw away from the connection end protrudes from the floor surface to capture the kinetic energy of the pedestrian. The other end of the toggle iron sheet is adsorbed by one of the two magnets with opposite polarities. After the pedestrian steps on the floor, the floor sinks, and the force is transmitted to one end of the toggle iron sheet through the screw, so that the other end of the toggle iron sheet quickly gets rid of the magnetic force of the magnet and reaches the other magnet. This process causes the magnetism at the end of the toggle iron sheet to reverse, so that the copper wire as a coil surrounded by the shell generates electricity according to the law of electromagnetic induction. When the pedestrian leaves the floor, the support springs at the four corners of the bottom of the floor make the floor surface under the ground, and the screw is not subjected to force. The compressed spring inside the shell gives the toggle iron sheet a restoring force, and the toggle iron sheet returns to its initial position.

[0025] like Figure 5 The passive IoT module circuit diagram is shown. The module circuit consists of the simplest IoT microcontroller system. Capacitor C9 stores energy. The formula E = (CV 2 ) / 2, it can be seen that when the energy is constant, the smaller the capacitor is, the greater the voltage is, and vice versa. Therefore, the selection of the filter capacitor should be moderate. Based on the power generation of the mechanical structure, the capacitor C9 of the present invention adopts a 1-10nF ceramic capacitor. The operating voltage of the single-chip microcomputer U2 is 3v-5v. As long as the supply voltage is in this range, the single-chip microcomputer can work stably. In order to consume the energy stored in the capacitor as quickly as possible, the single-chip microcomputer will send Bluetooth beacon packets at a time interval of ms.

[0026] like Figure 6The energy flow diagram in the smart floor of the system shown in the figure shows that the kinetic energy of pedestrians is captured by the toggling iron sheet of the passive IoT module. The magnetic reversal at the end caused by the toggling causes the copper wire to generate electrical energy, which is immediately transmitted to the capacitor in the circuit. The voltage on the capacitor keeps decreasing due to the energy consumption of the microcontroller sending Bluetooth signals. When the voltage drops to the minimum operating voltage, the microcontroller stops working and waits for the next restart.

[0027] Edge computing node: It uses a low-power SoC chip module with Bluetooth and WiFi communication functions, and writes specific codes for it to receive Bluetooth signal packets, connect to the cloud platform, and judge entry and exit. It continuously monitors the Bluetooth signal packets with specific (identifiable) IDs in the environment at microsecond intervals to ensure that the corresponding signal packets can be correctly read while the passive IoT module stimulates the signal output, and uploads the local sampled data to the cloud platform in real time after calculation. Figure 7 Program flow chart of the edge computing node in the system shown.

[0028] Passive indoor occupancy monitoring system:

[0029] When people walk on the floor normally, the pedestrian's kinetic energy is transmitted to the passive IoT module, which is converted into electrical energy and consumed by sending Bluetooth signal packets. In this process, the heel will touch the floor before the forefoot. In this process, the passive IoT module at the heel position will obtain energy before the passive IoT module at the forefoot position. Then, the Bluetooth signal packets emitted by the two passive IoT modules have a sequence. Through the judgment algorithm built into the edge computing node, the pedestrian's entry and exit information can be reliably obtained.

[0030] After obtaining the signal packets of multiple IDs, the edge computing node will calculate the correct information, such as pedestrian entry and exit or the current total number of people, within milliseconds through filtering and judgment algorithms, and upload the information to the cloud platform through the MQTT protocol, and then quickly resume the monitoring state and wait for the next signal reception and processing.

[0031] The cloud platform can choose commercial cloud platforms such as OneNET, Alibaba Cloud, Baidu Cloud, Huawei Cloud, etc., or you can choose a private cloud built by yourself with a server. After binding with the edge computing node, it can monitor the local situation in real time through the information packets sent by the edge computing node, and analyze and visualize the information in real time. Through the visual interface, the number of people in each room can be displayed in real time in the lobby. When the upper limit of the number of people is reached, pedestrians can be restricted from entering the room immediately. At the same time, people can also access the cloud platform through their mobile phones to view the real-time number of people indoors, so as to adjust their travel plans according to the number of people indoors. At the same time, the cloud platform can also be bound to mobile phones and other terminals. Users can use mobile phones and other terminals to monitor the local flow of people in real time, such as viewing the real-time number of people indoors, so as to adjust their travel plans according to the number of people indoors.

[0032] Both theory and practice have proved that the present invention realizes a cloud-edge-end integrated indoor number monitoring system based on self-generating smart floor. In the present invention, the equipment is easy to lay and install, the floor does not need to be maintained such as replacing batteries, the information responds quickly, the visual interface is intuitive, and the characteristics of self-power supply, low power consumption, and high reliability provide a promising implementation plan for the monitoring industry, making the future ubiquitous passive Internet of Things possible.

[0033] In the application example of the present invention, the weight of the overall smart floor is 1239g, which includes two passive IoT modules, each weighing 17g. The size of the overall floor is 45cm*30cm, and the size of the passive IoT module is 4.5cm*2.5cm. The mechanical structure of the floor includes a supporting spring and a top plate. The spring length is 0.6cm, the diameter is 0.8cm, the elastic coefficient is 49N / m, and the material of the top plate is ordinary wood. After the pedestrian steps on the floor, the layer of the floor is reduced to 0.1cm. The low-power SoC in the passive IoT module selects the NRF52832 chip. The energy consumed by normal initialization and sending a Bluetooth Beacon packet is 201μJ. The edge computing node selects the esp32 microcontroller, and the cloud platform selects the Alibaba Cloud platform.

[0034] After a pedestrian steps on the floor normally, esp32 can identify the two beacon packets sent by the front and rear passive IoT modules, and judge the pedestrian's entry and exit by the order in which the two beacon packets are received. After esp32 counts the number of pedestrians in the room locally, it sends the number information to Alibaba Cloud via the MQTT protocol. Alibaba Cloud platform can visualize the current total number of people in real time and show the current overall trend in the form of a line graph. At the same time, the visualization interface of the cloud platform can be bound to a specific domain name, and the indoor flow of people can be directly monitored remotely using mobile phones, PCs and other terminals.

[0035] The passive indoor crowd monitoring system has been successfully deployed at the entrances and exits of multiple scenarios, such as commercial plazas, schools, offices, restaurants, etc., providing reliable and secure services for different applications. This passive cloud-edge integrated system will further promote the development of passive Internet of Things and edge computing.

[0036] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A cloud-edge-end integrated indoor number monitoring system based on passive Internet of Things, characterized in that: It includes smart IoT floor, edge computing nodes and cloud platform based on magnetoelectric energy harvesting technology. The smart IoT floor collects pedestrian walking kinetic energy through magnetoelectric energy harvesting technology and converts it into Bluetooth signal energy consumption and transmits it. The edge computing node receives the Bluetooth signal as a pedestrian flow signal and sends it to the cloud platform. The cloud platform monitors the indoor flow of people in real time through the information packets sent by each edge computing node. The intelligent IoT floor based on magnetoelectric energy harvesting technology comprises a floor surface suitable for one person to step on, two passive IoT modules and four supporting springs. The floor surface has two notches. The two passive IoT modules are embedded and installed in the two notches of the floor surface one after the other along the walking direction. The four supporting springs are installed at the four corners of the floor surface. The passive IoT module receives energy and converts it into electrical energy to drive the low-power SoC chip of the single-chip microcomputer to work, and sends a Bluetooth signal packet with ID information. The passive IoT module includes a mechanical unit and a module circuit based on magnetoelectric energy harvesting technology. The module circuit is composed of the simplest IoT single-chip minimum system. The storage capacitor used to store the electrical energy converted by the mechanical unit adopts a 1-10nF ceramic capacitor. The storage capacitor provides a 3v-5v working voltage to the low-power SoC chip of the IoT single-chip. The IoT single-chip sends Bluetooth beacon packets at a time interval of ms. The mechanical unit includes a spring, a toggle iron sheet, a screw, a magnet and a copper wire. The toggle iron sheet is clamped by the internal structure of the shell and a supporting spring fixed on the inner wall of the shell. One end of the iron sheet extends outside the shell and is embedded with a screw. The screw is vertically fixedly connected to one end of the iron sheet. The other end of the screw away from the connection end protrudes from the lower surface of the floor to capture the kinetic energy of the pedestrian. The other end of the toggle iron sheet is adsorbed by one of the two magnets of opposite polarity. After the pedestrian steps on the floor, the floor sinks, and the force is transmitted to one end of the toggle iron sheet through the screw, so that the other end of the toggle iron sheet quickly gets rid of the magnetic force of the magnet and reaches the other magnet. The process causes the magnetism of the end of the toggle iron sheet to reverse, and the copper wire as a coil surrounded by the shell generates electrical energy according to the law of electromagnetic induction. When pedestrians leave the floor, the four supporting springs at the four corners of the bottom of the floor make the lower surface of the floor leave the ground, the screws are free of force, and the compressed spring inside the shell gives restoring force to the moving iron sheet, so that the moving iron sheet returns to its initial position.

2. According to the passive Internet of Things-based cloud-edge-end integrated indoor number monitoring system of claim 1, it is characterized in that: The low-power SoC chip of the single-chip microcomputer in the passive Internet of Things module selects the NRF52832 chip, and the energy consumed by normal initialization and sending a Bluetooth Beacon packet is 201μJ.

3. The cloud-edge-end integrated indoor number monitoring system based on passive Internet of Things according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: The edge computing node adopts a low-power SoC chip module with Bluetooth and WiFi communication functions.

4. A cloud-edge-end integrated indoor number monitoring method based on passive Internet of Things, characterized in that: Establish a cloud-edge integrated indoor number monitoring system based on passive Internet of Things as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, the edge computing node continuously monitors the Bluetooth signal packets with identifiable IDs in the environment at microsecond intervals, correctly reads the corresponding signal packets when the passive Internet of Things module is stimulated, and uploads the local sampling data to the cloud platform in real time after calculation.

5. According to claim 4, the cloud-edge-end integrated indoor number monitoring method based on passive Internet of Things is characterized in that: The edge computing node selects the esp32 microcontroller. The esp32 identifies the two beacon packets sent by the two passive IoT modules in front and behind, and determines the entry and exit of pedestrians based on the order in which the two beacon packets are received. After the esp32 locally counts the number of pedestrians in the room, it sends the number information to the cloud platform via the MQTT protocol. The cloud platform analyzes and visualizes the information in real time.

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