Method and system for generating information related to the internal state of a roller mill

Abstract

A method and system for generating information related to the internal state of a roller mill (10) for grinding a charge material (30) by roller milling the material in a rotating shell (20). The method comprises: generating a position signal (E, P, P(i), P(j), P(q)) indicating the rotational position of the rotating shell (20), the position signal comprising a time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); detecting a first occurrence of a first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) in the time series of the position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); and detecting a first occurrence of a first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) in the time series of the position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)). a time sequence of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), SG), S(q)); detecting an event signature (S(i), SG), S(q)) in the time sequence of the vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), SG), S(q)); detecting a second occurrence of a second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%) in the time sequence; generating a vibration signal (Sea, Se(i), SG), S(q)) based on the mechanical vibration (Vimp) generated from the rotation of the housing; the vibration signal (Sea, Se(i), SG), S(q)) comprising a time sequence of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), SG), S(q)); detecting an event signature (S(i), SG), S(q)) in the time sequence of the vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), SG), S(q)); P (r); Sp); generating data indicating a first time relationship (Ki(r); Td; Fl(r)) between said third occurrence, ie, said event signature occurrence, and said first and second occurrences.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of roller mills and to monitoring roller mills. The present invention also relates to the field of controlling roller mills. The present invention also relates to a device for monitoring the internal state of a roller mill. The present invention also relates to a device for controlling the internal state of a roller mill. The present invention also relates to a computer program for monitoring the internal state of a roller mill. The present invention also relates to a computer program for controlling the internal state of a roller mill. Background Art

[0002] In some industries, for example in mining, it is necessary to grind large pieces of material to reduce the size of the individual pieces of material received. Roller mills can achieve this grinding of the material.

[0003] A roller mill includes a housing that contains a charge material to be rolled and ground as the housing rotates. US2017 / 0225172A1 discloses that grinding in a roller mill can be inefficient, particularly when energy is wasted by impacts that do not break up particles, and that autogenous (AG) and semi-autogenous (SAG) mills sometimes operate in an unstable state because it is difficult to balance the feed rate of large particles into the roller mill with the consumption of the charge. According to US2017 / 0225172A1, in order to control the process, it is necessary to provide real-time information about the current state of the charge in the roller mill. US2017 / 0225172A1 discloses the use of rotor dynamics to determine the characteristics of the moving charge within the roller mill. According to US2017 / 0225172A1, a monitoring device for monitoring a roller mill is provided. The device includes vibration sensors mounted on two main bearings of the roller mill and on a thrust bearing of the roller mill, generating vibration signals corresponding to the bearings on which the sensors are mounted. These vibration signals are transmitted to an analyzer which analyzes the signals and displays the operating status of the roller mill numerically or graphically.

[0004] In US2017 / 0225172A1 Figure 5 In the US2017 / 0225172 A1, two orbital graphs are disclosed, one generated at time 1 and the other generated at time 2. According to US2017 / 0225172 A1, by observing the changes in the orbital graph from time 1 to time 2, the operator of the grinding mill will observe that the amplitude of the vibration has been significantly reduced, and the orbital parameters or frequency or phase or progression or other characteristic changes in the orbital graph have also been significantly reduced. According to US2017 / 0225172 A1, this information will tell the operator that a very significant change has occurred in the overall operation of the grinding mill rotor and the composite material being processed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the prior art, the problem to be solved is how to increase the efficiency of the grinding process in a roller mill.

[0006] The above-mentioned problem is solved by a method for generating information about the internal state of a roller mill (10) having a rotational speed (f ROT ) a housing (20) rotating about an axis (60) for grinding a charge material (30) by tumbling the material within the rotating housing; the housing (20) having an inner housing surface (22) including a first number (L) of protrusions (310) configured to engage the material when the housing (20) rotates about the axis (60), the method comprising:

[0007] generating a position signal (E, P, P(i), P(j), P(q)) indicating the rotational position of the rotating housing (20), the position signal comprising a time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q));

[0008] detecting a first occurrence of a first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) in said time sequence of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q));

[0009] detecting a second occurrence of a second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%) in said time sequence of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q));

[0010] According to the mechanical vibration (V IMP ) generates a vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)), the vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) includes the time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q));

[0011] Detecting event signatures (S in said time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)) P (r); the third occurrence of Sp);

[0012] Generate Instructions

[0013] In the third occurrence (i.e. the event signature occurs) and

[0014] between the first and second occurrence

[0015] The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) data.

[0016] The above problem is also solved by an electronic roller mill monitoring system for generating and displaying information about the internal state of a grinding process in a roller mill (10) having a rotational speed (f ROT ) a housing (20) rotating about an axis (60) for grinding charge material (30) by tumbling the charge material in the rotating housing,

[0017] The roller mill monitoring system includes:

[0018] State parameter extractor (450) for generating

[0019] A first internal state indicator data structure (550, S) indicating the internal state of the grinding process P1 , T D1 ), the first internal state indicator data structure (550, S P1 , T D1 ) includes the first impact force indication value (S P1 ) and the first time indication value (P; T D1 );

[0020] The first impact force indication value (S P1 ) indicates the impact force (F) generated when the protrusions on the inner shell surface of the rotating shell interact with the toe of the charge material IMP ),as well as

[0021] The first time indication value (T D1 ) indicates the impact force (F IMP ) and the duration (T D1 );in,

[0022] The state parameter extractor (450) comprises:

[0023] A housing speed detector (500) is configured to generate an indication of the housing speed (f ROT (j)), the shell speed detector (500) is configured to indicate the roller mill shell speed (f ROT The value of (i)) is associated with the time point (i). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 Shown are outlines and schematic side views of a system including a roller mill.

[0025] Figure 2 along Figure 1 Another example of a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

[0026] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic block diagram of an example of an analysis device is shown.

[0027] Figure 4 is a simplified diagram of program memory and its contents.

[0028] Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating one example of an analysis device.

[0029] Figure 6A is a graphical representation of the signal pair S(i) and P(i) delivered by the A / D converter.

[0030] Figure 6B is a graphical representation of a sequence of signal pairs S(i) and P(i) delivered by the A / D converter.

[0031] Figure 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a portion of a state parameter extractor.

[0032] Figures 8A to 8E is a simplified illustration of an example of a memory and its contents.

[0033] Figure 9 It shows the operation Figure 7 Flowchart of an example of a method of the state parameter extractor 450.

[0034] Figure 10 is shown for execution Figure 9 Flowchart of an example of the method of step 40.

[0035] Figure 11 Another example of a method is described.

[0036] Figure 12 is shown for execution Figure 9 Flowchart of an example of a method of step S#40.

[0037] Figure 13 is a diagram showing a series of temporally consecutive position signals P1, P2, P3, ...

[0038] Figure 14 Another example of a cross-sectional view of the middle portion of the rotating mill housing 20 during operation is shown.

[0039] Figure 15 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a state parameter extractor.

[0040] Figure 16 is a diagram of an example of a visual indication of analysis results.

[0041] Figure 17 is a diagram of another example of a visual indication of analysis results.

[0042] Figure 18 is a diagram of another example of a visual indication of analysis results.

[0043] Figure 19A and Figure 19B Another example of a visual indication based on the analysis result of the internal state of the tumble mill is shown.

[0044] Figure 20 is a block diagram of an example of a compensated decimator.

[0045] Figure 21 It shows the operation Figure 20 A flow chart of an embodiment of a method of compensating a sampler.

[0046] Figure 22A 、 Figure 22B and Figure 22C Shows the operation Figure 20 A flow chart of an embodiment of a method of compensating a sampler.

[0047] Figure 23 Another example of a cross-sectional view of the middle portion of a rotating mill housing during operation is shown.

[0048] Figure 24 A schematic top view of another system including a tumble mill is shown.

[0049] Figure 25 A schematic top view of another embodiment of a system including a tumbler mill is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In the following, similar features in different examples will be denoted by the same reference numerals.

[0051] Figure 1 A schematic diagram and a side view of a system 5 including a roller mill 10 are shown. For example, the roller mill 10 can be an autogenous (AG) mill. Alternatively, the roller mill 10 can be a semi-autogenous (SAG) mill, for example. Another example of a roller mill 10 is a ball mill 10. Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of section AA is also shown. Cross-sectional view AA is also indicated by reference numeral 15. The roller mill 10 comprises a housing 20 having an inner housing surface 22 forming a chamber 25 for grinding material.

[0052] In operation, tumbling chamber 25 contains a charge 30 of material to be tumbled and ground. The purpose of grinding in a tumbling mill is to reduce the size of the solid material particles. This can be achieved, for example, by causing pieces of solid material to fall onto other pieces of solid material. Thus, a tumbling mill utilizes natural forces, namely gravity, to accelerate the impact of charge particles against other particles of the charge. According to some embodiments, the walls of housing 20 comprise a sturdy material, such as steel, to withstand the impact of heavy particles, such as large pieces of ore, tumbled in chamber 25.

[0053] According to some embodiments, the walls of housing 20 include an elastomeric material to reduce wear on the walls. According to some embodiments, the elastomeric material includes rubber. According to some embodiments, the elastomeric material includes a polymer, such as polyurethane. According to some embodiments, the interior housing surface 22 includes a surface coating of an elastomeric material, such as rubber or polyurethane.

[0054] According to some embodiments, the housing 10 is supported on at least two bearings 40 and 50. The housing 20 is rotatable about an axis of rotation 60. In this regard, it should be noted that an axis is an imaginary line about which an object rotates (the axis of rotation). The rotation of the housing is used to lift a portion of the charge, including particles of solid material, so that some of the solid particles can fall back onto another portion of the charge under the influence of gravity. Therefore, it is desirable to set the rotational speed f of the housing 20 to ROT A suitable value is selected so as to obtain a balance between the lifting action and the falling action of the charge 30. Figure 1 Cross-section Figure 15 , arrow 62 indicates the direction of the gravitational force g associated with the rotating shell 20 and its charge 30. Thus, the internal conditions of the roller mill 10 are determined in part by the balance between the gravitational force 62 and the centripetal force 65, which acts to press radially from the center (i.e., from the axis of rotation 60) against the portion of the charge 30 that is immobile relative to the interior shell surface 22. In other words, during operation of the roller mill 10, the centripetal force acts to press a portion of the charge 30 against the shell interior surface 22, and this centripetal force is dependent on the rotational speed f of the shell 20. ROT In this regard, it should be noted that the centripetal force acting on a piece of solid material in contact with the interior housing surface 22 depends on the inner diameter of the housing 20. When the force of gravity 62 acting on a particular piece of solid material 68 is greater than the portion 69 of the centripetal force acting on that piece of solid material 68 in a direction opposite to the direction of gravity, that piece of solid material 68 will fall.

[0055] A vibration sensor 70 may be provided to generate a measurement signal S EA .Measurement signal S EA It may depend on mechanical vibrations or shock pulses generated when the housing 20 rotates.

[0056] One example of system 5 is operable when vibration sensor 70 is securely mounted on or at a measuring point on roller mill 10. The measuring point may include a coupling to which sensor 70 may be securely or removably attached. Figure 1 In the example shown, the sensor 70 is mounted on the bearing 40. Alternatively, the sensor 70 may be mounted elsewhere on the roller mill, wherein the sensor 70 is capable of generating a measurement signal S according to mechanical vibrations or shock pulses generated when the housing 20 rotates. EA .

[0057] The roller mill 10 has an input side 80 for receiving pieces of solid material and an output side 90 for delivering output material 95 that has passed through the roller mill 10 .

[0058] The housing 20 may have a generally cylindrical middle portion 98 with the chamber 25 having an inner radius R MIC For example, the inner radius R MIC It can be more than 0.5 meters. Alternatively, the inner radius R MIC Alternatively, the roller mill 10 may have a chamber middle inner diameter R of more than 8 meters. MIC The middle portion of the housing 20 has a length L from the input side 80 to the output side 90. MIC For example, the length of the middle shell L MIC According to one embodiment, the length L of the intermediate shell is MIC It should be noted that any inner radius R in this example MIC Can be used with any of the case lengths L in this example MIC Combined.

[0059] Furthermore, it should be noted that the housing 20 can have a polygonal middle portion 98. An example of such a polygonal housing shape is a housing having at least three housing wall portions that are connected to form the roller mill chamber 25. In this case, it should be noted that for the purposes of this disclosure, a roller mill housing having a middle portion 98 having at least six housing wall portions that are connected to form the chamber 25a can be considered to have a generally cylindrical shape, the middle portion having at least three housing wall portions that are connected to form the chamber 25. Thus, for the purposes of this disclosure, a roller mill housing having a hexagonal middle portion 98 can be considered to have a generally cylindrical shape.

[0060] exist Figure 1In the example shown, the input side 80 includes a first input 100 for solid material pieces 110. The solid material 110 may include pieces of rock and ore, which may have various sizes. However, the solid material 110 fed into the first input 100 may have been processed so that a maximum solid material particle size exists. The maximum solid material particle size may be a certain maximum input solid particle volume V ISPM The solid material 110 may, for example, comprise ore chunks having a particle volume of up to ten (10) cubic decimeters, ie individual input solid particles having a maximum input solid particle volume V of less than or at most ten (10) cubic decimeters. ISP Alternatively, the maximum solid material particle size can be a certain maximum input solid particle diameter D ISPM Therefore, a single input solid particle has a maximum input solid particle diameter D of less than or at most 250 mm. ISP .

[0061] The particles may include useful minerals as well as minerals that are considered less useful. The less useful minerals may be referred to as waste minerals. To separate the useful minerals from the waste minerals, the solid material 110 is ground in a roller mill 10. The ground output material 95 delivered from the roller mill 10 may include particles having a diameter of approximately 0.1 mm.

[0062] According to some embodiments, the roller mill 10 is operated to perform dry grinding. According to one embodiment, the roller mill 10 is a ball mill that is operated to perform dry grinding. According to one embodiment, the roller mill 10 is a ball mill that is used to grind particles of hard matter into a powder known as cement. In this regard, it should be noted that Portland cement (a type of hydraulic cement) is made by heating limestone (i.e., calcium carbonate) and other materials (e.g., clay) in a process known as calcination, which releases carbon dioxide molecules from the calcium carbonate to form calcium oxide or quicklime, which then chemically combines with other materials in the mixture to form calcium silicate and other cementitious compounds. According to one embodiment, the resulting hard matter is then ground into a powder along with a certain amount of gypsum using the ball mill 10 described above for dry grinding to make cement.

[0063] According to some embodiments, the roller mill 10 operates to grind a solid material 110. An example of a grinding process using a roller mill 10 that operates to grind a solid material 110 is a roller mill 10 in the mining industry. According to some embodiments, the mining industry roller mill 10 operates to grind a solid material 110 that includes a mixture of useful minerals and minerals that are considered less useful. According to some embodiments, the mining industry roller mill 10 is an autogenous (AG) mill. Alternatively, the mining industry roller mill 10 is a semi-autogenous (SAG) mill. According to some embodiments, the mining industry roller mill 10 is a ball mill 10.

[0064] According to some embodiments, the solid material 110 is an ore having a metal content. The average metal content in the solid material 110 may be, for example, higher than 0.1%. According to some embodiments, the solid material 110 has an average metal content of more than 5% of the desired metal.

[0065] Alternatively, the average metal content in the solid material 110 may be, for example, 50%. According to some embodiments, the solid material 110 has a desired metal content exceeding 40%. According to some embodiments, the solid material 110 has a desired metal content exceeding 40%, and the desired metal is iron. In this case, it should be noted that the desired metal content in the solid material 110 affects the charge density in the roller mill 10. Therefore, according to some embodiments, the charge density in the roller mill 10 may indicate the relationship between the desired metal and the waste mineral in the charge in the roller mill 10.

[0066] Thus, according to some embodiments, the grinding process can be facilitated by providing a liquid 120. One example of facilitating a grinding process by providing a liquid 120 is a roller mill used in the mining industry. According to some embodiments, the liquid 120 enters the roller mill 10 at a second input 130 on the input side 80 of the roller mill 10.

[0067] In the rotating shell 20 , an input mass of solid material 110 is mixed with an input liquid 120 to form a charge 30 .

[0068] When the density of the input liquid 120 is different from the density of the input solid material 110, the density of the charge 30 can be controlled by controlling the ratio of the input liquid 120 to the input solid material 110. Thus, when the density of the input liquid 120 is lower than the density of the input solid material 110, the density of the charge 30 can be decreased by increasing the amount of the input liquid 120.

[0069] The input liquid 120 may include water. Water has a density of approximately 997 kilograms per cubic meter. The density of the input solid material mass is typically higher than the density of the input liquid. The input solid material mass typically has a density exceeding 1500 kilograms per cubic meter. The input solid material 110 may include ore containing useful minerals mixed with other minerals.

[0070] An example of a useful mineral is one containing metals, such as aluminum or iron. Aluminum has a density of approximately 2,700 kilograms per cubic meter. Iron has a density of approximately 7,870 kilograms per cubic meter. The "other minerals" mentioned above can include, for example, granite or other rock masses. Granite has a density of approximately 2,700 kilograms per cubic meter.

[0071] Table 1 provides some examples of solid materials and corresponding material properties.

[0072]

[0073] Table 1

[0074] In mineralogy, the term toughness describes a mineral's resistance to fracture, beading, cutting, or other forms of deformation.

[0075] A material is considered brittle if it breaks when stressed with only minimal elastic deformation and no significant plastic deformation. Brittle materials absorb relatively little energy before breaking, even high-strength materials.

[0076] A ductile material can be stretched or shaped by striking or applying pressure. A soft material can be pulled or stretched by mechanical forces without breaking.

[0077] Compressive strength, or compressive strength, is the ability of a material or structure to withstand a load that tends to reduce its size. In contrast, tensile strength is the ability of a material or structure to withstand a load that tends to elongate. In other words, compressive strength resists compression (being pushed together), while tensile strength resists tension (being pulled apart).

[0078] The output side 90 of the roller mill 10 may include a separator for transferring output material 95 to an output end 200 and for retaining material lumps with a particle size exceeding a limit. The separator may include a screen configured to filter out material lumps with a particle size less than a specified limit for transfer to the output end 200 as output material 95. The ground output material 95 transferred from the roller mill 10 may include particles having a diameter less than a certain limit output particle diameter. The limit output particle diameter may be 0.1 mm.

[0079] One measure of the production quality of the tumble mill 10 may be the proportion of output particles having a particle diameter less than 45 μm (where μm means micrometers), or the amount of output particles having a particle diameter less than 45 μm per hour.

[0080] Furthermore, it is desirable to achieve a highly efficient grinding process. One aspect of grinding process efficiency is the amount of material ground per unit time. Therefore, it is desirable to increase or optimize the kilograms per hour of ground solid material with a particle size below a limit. However, this value is typically metric tons per hour of solid material fed to the roller mill 10.

[0081] Another aspect of the efficiency of the grinding process is the amount of ground material per unit of energy, in order to minimize the energy consumption of the grinding process. Therefore, it is desirable to increase or optimize the output expressed in kg / kWh of ground solid material, the particle size of the ground solid material being less than a limit value. In this context, it should be noted that roller mills may typically have a power consumption exceeding 4 MW. Some roller mills have an average power consumption of 10 MW, and some roller mills may require a peak power consumption of 20 MW. In this context, it should be noted that when the roller mill has an average power consumption of 10 MW, the energy consumption is 10,000 kW-h per hour. Therefore, when the roller mill is operated 24 hours a day for a year, even a small improvement in the energy efficiency of the grinding process (e.g., a one percent (1%) improvement) can save 6 million kW-h of energy per year.

[0082] The efficiency of the grinding process in the roller mill 10 depends on a number of variables that affect the internal conditions of the roller mill 10. One variable that affects the efficiency of the grinding process in the roller mill 10 is the filling level of the roller mill 10. Therefore, it is desirable to control the inflow of input solid material 110 so as to achieve an optimal filling level.

[0083] In order to maximize the amount of output material 95 from the roller mill 10, it is therefore desirable to control the inflow of input material 110 so as to maintain optimal conditions for the roller milling process. The optimal internal conditions for the roller milling process may include a certain filling degree of the housing 20, i.e., a certain charge volume. Therefore, one variable that has an impact on the efficiency of the grinding process in the roller mill 10 is the feed rate, i.e., the amount of solid material particles fed into the roller mill 10 per unit time.

[0084] Another variable that affects the efficiency of the grinding process in the roller mill 10 is the mineralogical properties of the input solid material particles 110. In this regard, it should be noted that mineralogy is a branch of geology that specializes in the physical properties of minerals, as well as their chemical and crystal structures. Furthermore, the mineralogical properties of the particles in the charge 30 are not constant over time, as the composition of the solid material 110 (e.g., ore from a mine) typically changes over time. Changes in the mineralogical properties of the particles in the charge 30 can affect the efficiency of the grinding process in the roller mill 10. Therefore, due to changes in the mineralogical properties of the particles in the material charge 30, the efficiency of the grinding process may vary over time. Therefore, if the material charge remains constant, over a certain period of time, the grinding process may decrease in efficiency, resulting in an increase in the charge volume in the mill 10. Therefore, unless the roller mill operator is fully informed of the current charge volume in the mill 10, there is a risk of overloading, which, in the worst case, could lead to a complete halt of the grinding process.

[0085] Another variable that has an impact on the efficiency of the grinding process is the size distribution of the solid material particles 110 fed into the roller mill 10. According to some embodiments, the feeding of the solid material particles 110 is controlled so that a certain proportion of the solid material particles 110 provided at the first input end 100 have a single volume greater than one cubic decimeter, thereby improving the efficiency of the grinding process. It has been concluded that controlling the feeding of the solid material particles 110 so that a certain proportion of the solid material particles 110 provided at the first input end 100 have a single volume greater than one cubic decimeter increases the efficiency of the grinding process, particularly when the roller mill is an AG mill or a SAG mill.

[0086] The housing 20 is typically opaque, i.e., it is not possible to visually inspect the charge in the housing during operation of the roller mill 10. Furthermore, the movement of the heavy ore being tumbled during operation of the roller mill 10 prevents placement of a camera or other sensitive detector inside the housing 20.

[0087] One object of this document is to describe methods and systems for improving the monitoring of internal conditions of a roller mill during operation. Another object of this document is to describe methods and systems for an improved human-machine interface (HCI) related to the internal conditions of a roller mill during operation. Another object of this document is to describe methods and systems for an improved graphical user interface related to the grinding process in a roller mill 10.

[0088] The inventors have realized that during the operation of the roller mill 10, there may be mechanical vibrations V IMP , indicating an impact between a protrusion (e.g., a lifter) on the inner surface of the rotating shell 20 and at least one particle in the toe 205 of the material charge 30. The inventors also considered that this mechanical vibration V IMP The current internal state of the roller mill 10 and / or the current state of the grinding process can be indicated. When the protrusions (e.g., lifters) interact with particles in the toe 205 of the material charge 30 in the chamber 25, mechanical vibrations V are generated. IMP The impact force F of the interaction between the rotary elevator and the material charge 30 IMP The impact causes acceleration of at least one particle in the toe 205 of the material charge 30, which results in a mechanical shock vibration V IMP In fact, the impact force F IMP Can cause mechanical shock vibration V IMP , which indicates the current internal state of the roller mill 10 and / or indicates the current state of the grinding process.

[0089] The sensor 70 placed outside the chamber 25 can detect vibrations caused by the interaction of particles of the charge 30 in the chamber 25 during operation of the roller mill 10. Figure 1The sensor 70 can generate a measurement signal S according to the mechanical vibration or shock pulse generated when the housing 20 rotates. EA Therefore, the measurement signal S EA The impact force F between a protrusion (eg, lifter) and at least one particle in the toe 205 of the material charge 30 during operation of the roller mill 10 may depend on and be indicative of the impact force F between the protrusion (eg, lifter) and at least one particle in the toe 205 of the material charge 30. IMP .

[0090] The sensor 70 may be, for example, an accelerometer 70 configured to generate a measurement signal S EA , the amplitude of the measured signal depends on the impact force F IMP The inventors concluded that there may be mechanical vibrations V that indicate the current internal state of the roller mill 10 and / or the current state of the grinding process. IMP , but conventional methods for measuring vibrations and / or for analyzing and / or for visualizing such vibrations may hitherto be insufficient.

[0091] An analysis device 150 is provided for monitoring the tumbling process. The analysis device 150 can analyze the tumbling process according to the measurement signal S EA Generate information indicating the internal state of the tumbling process. Generate measurement signal S EA The sensor 70 is coupled to the input 140 of the analysis device 150 in order to transmit the measurement signal S EA The analyzing device 150 also has a second input terminal 160 for receiving a position signal E according to the rotational position of the housing 20. P .

[0092] A position sensor 170 is provided to generate a position signal E according to the rotational position of the housing 20. P As described above, the housing 20 is rotatable around the rotation axis 60, so the position sensor 170 can generate a series of housing position signal values ​​P S Position signal E P , used to indicate the instantaneous rotational position of the housing 20. The position mark 180 can be set on the outer surface of the housing 20, so that when the housing 20 rotates around the rotation axis 60, the position mark 180 passes the position sensor 170 once per each rotation of the housing, thereby causing the position sensor 170 to generate a rotation mark signal P S This rotation mark signal P S The analysis device 150 can be configured to determine the rotational position of the housing 20 based on the position signal E. P Generates the speed f indicating the housing 20 ROTWhen the position sensor 170 is an optical device (e.g., a laser emitter), the position marker 180 may be, for example, an optical device 180 (e.g., a reflector 180) configured to generate a rotation mark signal P when the intensity of the laser reflection changes due to the laser beam irradiating the reflector 180. S Alternatively, when the position sensor 170 is a device 170 configured to detect a changing magnetic field, the position marker 180 may be, for example, a magnetic device 180, such as a strong magnet 180. An example of a device configured to detect a changing magnetic field is a device including an induction coil that generates a current in response to a changing magnetic field. Thus, the device 170 configured to detect a changing magnetic field is configured to generate a rotation marker signal P when passing by the magnetic device 180. S Alternatively, the position sensor 170 may be implemented as an encoder 170 that is mechanically coupled to the rotating mill housing 20 such that the encoder generates, for example, a flag signal P for each rotation of the rotating mill housing 20. S .

[0093] The system 5 may include a control room 220 that allows a mill operator 230 to operate the roller mill 10. The analysis device 150 may be configured to generate information indicating the internal state of the roller mill 10. The analysis device 150 also includes a device human-machine interface (HCI) 210 for enabling user input and user output. The HCI 210 may include a display or screen 210S for providing a visual indication of the analysis results. The displayed analysis results may include information indicating the internal state of the roller mill process, which enables the operator 230 to control the roller mill.

[0094] The roller mill feed controller 240 is configured to deliver a solid material feed rate set point R SSP , and can also optionally pass a liquid feed rate set point R LSP According to some embodiments, the set point value R SSP Set by operator 230. According to some embodiments, the set point value R LSP Also set by the operator 230. Thus, the roller mill feed controller 240 may include a mill feed user input / output interface 250, enabling the operator to adjust the solid material feed rate R S and / or liquid feed rate R L .

[0095] As described above, the input side 80 of the roller mill includes a first input end 100 for a block of solid material 110, and optionally, the input side 80 may also have a second input end 130 for a liquid 120 (e.g., water) to enter the chamber 25. The solid material 110 may be delivered to the first input end 100 by a conveyor belt 260. The conveyor belt 260 operates at a conveyor belt speed, and the solid material feed rate R S A solid material 110 is delivered to the first input 100 .

[0096] During the operation of the roller mill 10, under certain internal conditions of the roller mill 10, the solid material feed rate R S It can be, for example, 10,000 kg per minute. Similarly, during operation of the roller mill 10, under certain internal conditions of the roller mill 10, the liquid feed rate R L It could be, for example, 1000 kilograms per minute.

[0097] exist Figure 1 The liquid feed rate R is schematically shown by the symbol of the controllable valve 270. L The controllable valve receives the liquid feed rate set point R from the roller mill feed controller 240. LSP . Similarly, in Figure 1 The solid material feed rate R is schematically shown by the symbol of the controllable valve 280. SF The controllable valve receives the solid material feed rate set point R from the roller mill feed controller 240. SSP .

[0098] Figure 2 It is along Figure 1 , taken along line AA, shows a more detailed example of the middle portion 98 of the housing 20. The housing 20 has an inner housing surface 22 facing the chamber 25, the inner housing surface 22 including a plurality of protrusions 310. According to some embodiments, at least two protrusions 310 are provided. Figure 2 The example housing 20 shown includes twelve protrusions 310 positioned equidistant from one another on the interior housing surface 22 of the housing 20. The protrusions 310 may be configured to engage and lift the material 30 as the housing rotates about the axis 60. Thus, the protrusions 310 may be referred to as lifters 310.

[0099] exist Figure 2 In the clockwise direction at a speed f ROTThe housing 20 is shown during rotation. The lift 310 includes a structure, such as an internal structure, texture, bar, protrusion, etc., that protrudes from the housing interior surface 22 toward the center of the housing 20. The lift 310 (also referred to as a protrusion 310) has a leading edge 312 that engages and lifts the material charge 30 as the roller mill 10 rotates about the axis 60, causing the material to fall freely within the interior chamber 25. In one example, the lift 310 includes an elongated rod mounted on the interior housing surface wall 22 so as to at least partially line the interior housing surface 22 of the mill 10. In other examples, the lift 310 is integrally formed with the interior housing surface wall 22 as part of a single, unitary body. According to some embodiments, the leading edges 312 of the protrusion 310 are equidistant. Thus, with reference to Figure 2 The example housing 20 shown includes twelve protrusions 310, wherein each protrusion 310 has a leading edge 312, and the angular distance between any two adjacent leading edges 312 is 30 degrees. In this case, it should be noted that when there are L protrusions 310 on the inner housing surface 22, and the L protrusions 310 are positioned so that the leading edges 312 of the protrusions 310 are equidistant, the angular distance between any two adjacent leading edges 312 is 360 / L degrees.

[0100] exist Figure 2 In the example shown, the position sensor 170 is mounted in a fixed manner so as to generate a position signal E having a series of position signal values ​​PS. P , used to indicate the instantaneous rotational position of the housing 20. The position marker device 180 can be disposed on the outer wall surface of the housing 20, so that when the housing 20 rotates about the rotation axis 60, the position marker 180 passes the position sensor 170 once per each rotation of the housing, thereby causing the position sensor 170 to generate a rotation marker signal value PS.

[0101] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an example of an analysis device 150 . The analysis device 150 has a function for receiving a simulated vibration signal S from a vibration sensor 70 . EA The input terminal 140 is connected to the analog-to-digital (A / D) converter 330. The A / D converter 330 samples the data at a specific sampling frequency f S The received analog vibration signal S EA Sampling is performed in order to deliver data with the specific sampling frequency f S The digital measurement data signal S MD , and wherein the amplitude of each sample depends on the amplitude of the analog signal received at the sampling instant. The digital measurement data signal S is delivered on a digital output terminal 340 coupled to a data processing device 350 MD .

[0102] refer to Figure 3, the data processing device 350 is coupled to a memory 360 for storing program code. The program memory 360 is preferably a non-volatile memory. The memory 360 may be a read / write memory, i.e., data can be read from the memory and new data can be written to the memory 360. According to one example, the program memory 360 is implemented by a flash memory. The program memory 360 may include a first memory segment 370 for storing a first set of program codes 380, which are executable so as to control the analysis device 150 to perform basic operations. The program memory 360 may also include a second memory segment 390 for storing a second set of program codes 394. The second set of program codes in the second memory segment 390 may include program codes for causing the analysis device 150 to process the detection signal. Signal processing may include processing for generating information indicative of the internal state of the roller mill, as discussed elsewhere in this document. Furthermore, signal processing may include control of the internal state of the roller mill, as discussed elsewhere in this document. Therefore, signal processing may include generating data indicative of the internal state of the roller mill, as in combination with, for example Figure 5 、 Figure 15 and / or Figure 24 The embodiment of the state parameter extractor 450 is disclosed.

[0103] The memory 360 may further include a third memory segment 400 for storing a third set of program codes 410. The program codes 410 in the third memory segment 400 may include program codes for causing the analysis device to perform a selected analysis function. When the analysis function is performed, the analysis device may present corresponding analysis results on the user interface 210, 210S, or transmit the analysis results on the port 420.

[0104] The data processing device 350 is also coupled to a read / write memory 430 for data storage. Thus, the analysis device 150 includes a data processor 350 and program code for causing the data processor 350 to perform certain functions, including digital signal processing functions. When a statement is made in this document that the device 150 performs a certain function or a certain method, the statement may mean that a computer program is executed in the data processing device 350 to cause the device 150 to perform the method or function described in this document.

[0105] The processor 350 may be a digital signal processor. The digital signal processor 350 may also be referred to as a DSP. Alternatively, the processor 350 may be a field programmable gate array (FPGA). Thus, the computer program may be executed by the field programmable gate array (FPGA). Alternatively, the processor 350 may include a combination of a processor and an FPGA. Thus, the processor may be configured to control the operation of the FPGA.

[0106] Figure 4is a simplified schematic diagram of program memory 360 and its contents. The simplified illustration is intended to convey an understanding of the general idea of ​​storing different program functions in memory 360 and is not necessarily a correct technical teaching of the manner in which the program would be stored in an actual memory circuit. A first memory section 370 stores program code for controlling the analysis device 150 to perform basic operations. Although Figure 4 The simplified diagram of FIG shows pseudo code, but it should be understood that the program code can be a machine code or can be processed by the data processing device 350 ( Figure 3 ) consists of program code at any level of execution or interpretation.

[0107] Figure 4 The second memory segment 390 is shown storing a second set of program code 394. When executed on the data processing device 350, the program code 394 in the segment 390 will cause the analysis device 150 to perform a function, such as a digital signal processing function. The function may include the digital measurement data signal S MD Advanced mathematical processing.

[0108] The computer program for controlling the functions of the analysis device 150 can be downloaded from the server computer. This means that the program to be downloaded is transmitted via a communication network. This can be achieved by transmitting the program over the communication network by modulating a carrier wave. Thus, the downloaded program can be loaded into a digital memory, for example, the memory 360 (see Figure 3 and 4 ). Thus, the program 380 and / or the signal processing program 394 and / or the analysis function program 410 can communicate with the user via, for example, port 420 ( Figure 1 and Figure 3 ) and other communication ports so that they can be loaded into the program memory 360.

[0109] Therefore, the present document also relates to a computer program product, for example, program code 380 and / or program code 394 and / or program code 410, which can be loaded into the digital memory of the device. The computer program product comprises software code portions for performing the signal processing method and / or analysis function when the product is run on the data processing unit 350 of the device 150. The term "running on the data processing unit" means that the computer program plus the data processing means 350 performs the method described in the present document.

[0110] The phrase "computer program product loadable into the digital memory of an analysis device" means that a computer program can be introduced into the digital memory of an analysis device 150 to implement an analysis device 150 that is programmed to be capable of or adapted to perform the methods described herein. The term "loaded into the digital memory of the device" means that the device, so programmed, is capable of or adapted to perform the functions described herein and / or the methods described in this document. The aforementioned computer program product may also be a program 380, 394, 410 loadable onto a computer-readable medium (e.g., a compact disc or DVD). Such a computer-readable medium can be used to transmit the program 380, 394, 410 to a client. Alternatively, as described above, the computer program product may include a carrier wave that is modulated to transmit the computer program 380, 394, 410 via a communications network. Thus, the computer program 380, 394, 410 can be transmitted from a vendor's server to a client having the analysis device 150 via an internet download.

[0111] Figure 5 is a block diagram showing one example of the analysis device 150. Figure 5 In the example, some functional blocks represent hardware, some functional blocks may represent hardware, or may represent functions implemented by running program codes on the data processing device 350, such as in combination with Figure 3 and 4 discussed.

[0112] Figure 5 The device 150 shows Figure 1 and / or Figure 3 An example of an analysis device 150 is shown in FIG. To simplify understanding, Figure 5 Also shown are some peripheral devices coupled to the device 150. The vibration sensor 70 is coupled to the input 140 of the analysis device 150 to transmit the analog measurement signal S EA (Also called vibration signal S EA ) is transmitted to the analysis device 150.

[0113] Furthermore, a position sensor 170 is coupled to the second input 160. Thus, the position sensor 170 generates a position signal E depending on the rotational position of the housing 20. P is passed to a second input 160 of the analysis device 150 .

[0114] The input terminal 140 is connected to an analog-to-digital (A / D) converter 330. The A / D converter 330 operates at a specific sampling frequency f S The received analog vibration signal SEA is sampled so as to transmit the signal having the specific sampling frequency f S The digital measurement data signal S MD, and wherein the amplitude of each sample depends on the amplitude of the analog signal received at the sampling moment. The digital measurement data signal S is transmitted on the digital output terminal 340 MD , the digital output is coupled to the data processing unit 440. The data processing unit 440 includes functional blocks that show the functions performed. In terms of hardware, the data processing unit 440 may include a data processing unit 350, a program memory 360 and a read / write memory 430, as described above in conjunction with Figure 3 and 4 As described. Therefore, Figure 5 The analysis device 150 may include a data processing unit 440 and program codes for causing the analysis device 150 to perform certain functions.

[0115] Digital measurement data signal S MD With position signal E P Therefore, the A / D converter 330 can be configured to process the analog vibration signal S EA While sampling the position signal E P Position signal E P The sampling frequency f can be used S To generate a digital position signal E PD , where the amplitude of each sample P(i) depends on the received analog position signal E at the sampling moment P The amplitude.

[0116] As mentioned above, the simulated position signal E P Can have a marker signal value P S , for example, in the form of an electrical pulse, the marker signal value has an amplitude edge that can be accurately detected and indicates a specific rotational position of the monitored housing 20. Therefore, although the analog position marker signal P S Has an amplitude edge that can be accurately detected, but the digital position signal E PD The switch from a first value, eg, "0" (zero), to a second value, eg, "1" (one), will occur at different times.

[0117] Thus, the A / D converter 330 can be configured to deliver a series of measurement value pairs S(i) associated with corresponding position signal values ​​P(i). The letter "i" in S(i) and P(i) represents a time point, i.e., a sample number. Thus, the time series of position signal values ​​P(i) can be analyzed and the digital position signal E(i) can be identified. PD The sample P(i) has switched from a first value (eg, “0” (zero)) to a second value (eg, “1” (one)) to detect the occurrence time of the rotation reference position of the rotating housing.

[0118] Figure 6Ais a graphical representation of the signal pair S(i) and P(i) delivered by the A / D converter 330 .

[0119] Figure 6B is a diagrammatic representation of a sequence of signal pairs S(i) and P(i) delivered by A / D converter 330. The first signal pair comprises a first vibration signal amplitude value S(n) associated with sampling instant "n", which is transmitted simultaneously with a first position signal value P(n), associated with sampling instant "n". This is followed by a second signal pair comprising a second vibration signal amplitude value S(n+1) associated with sampling instant "n+1", which is transmitted simultaneously with a second position signal value P(n+1) associated with sampling instant "n+1", and so on.

[0120] refer to Figure 5 , the signal pair S(i) and P(i) is transmitted to the state parameter extractor 450. The state parameter extractor 450 is configured to generate an amplitude peak value S based on the time series of the measured sample value S(i). P (r). Amplitude peak S P (r) may depend on the impact force F generated when the protrusion 310 on the inner shell surface of the rotating shell interacts with the toe 205 of the material charge 30 IMP (See Figure 2 ).

[0121] The state parameter extractor 450 is further configured to generate a state parameter based on the peak amplitude S P The time duration (T) between the occurrence time of (r) and the occurrence time of the rotation reference position of the rotating shell D ) to generate the time relationship value R T (j), also known as R T As mentioned above, the time series of the position signal values ​​P(i) can be analyzed and the digital position signal E(i) can be identified. PD The occurrence time of the rotation reference position of the rotating housing is detected by switching from a first value (eg, “0” (zero)) to a second value (eg, “1” (one)).

[0122] Figure 7 is a block diagram showing an example of a part of a state parameter extractor 450. According to an example, the state parameter extractor 450 comprises a memory 460. The state parameter extractor 450 is adapted to receive a sequence of measurement values ​​S(i) and a signal sequence of positions P(i) and a time relationship therebetween, and the state parameter extractor 450 is adapted to provide a time-coupled value sequence S(i), f ROT (i) and P(i). Therefore, a single measurement value S(i) is associated with the corresponding velocity value f ROT (i) Associated, speed value f ROT(i) indicates the rotational speed of the housing 20 at the time the associated single measurement value S(i) is detected. This will be referred to below Figure 8A-13 Detailed description.

[0123] Figures 8A to 8E is a simplified illustration of an example of memory 460 and its contents, and columns #01, #02, #03, #04 and #05 on the left-hand side of the illustration of memory 460 provide illustrative images intended to show the temporal relationship between the detection time of the encoder pulse signal P(i) (see column #02) and the corresponding vibration measurement value S(i) (see column #03).

[0124] As mentioned above, the analog-to-digital converter 330 uses the initial sampling frequency f S For analog electrical measurement signal S EA Sampling is performed to generate a digital measurement data signal S MD . It is also possible to have essentially the same initial time resolution f S Detect the encoder signal P, such as Figures 8A to 8E as shown in column #02.

[0125] Column #01 shows the time course as a series of time slots, each time slot having a duration dt=1 / f Sample ; where f Sample Is the analog electrical measurement signal S EA The initial sampling frequency f for sampling S The sampling frequency has an integer relationship. According to a preferred example, the sampling frequency f Sample is the initial sampling frequency f S According to another example, the sampling frequency f Sample is the first reduced sampling frequency f SR1 , and the initial sampling frequency f S Compared with , it reduces the integer multiple M.

[0126] exist Figures 8A to 8E In column #02 of FIG, each positive edge of the encoder signal P is represented by a "1". In this example, positive edges of the encoder signal P are detected in the 3rd, 45th, 78th, and 98th time slots, as shown in column #02. According to another example, negative edges of the position signal are detected, which provides equivalent results to detecting positive edges. According to yet another example, both positive and negative edges of the position signal are detected to achieve redundancy by allowing a later choice of whether to use positive or negative edges.

[0127] Column #03 shows the sequence of vibration sample values ​​S(i). Column #05 shows the corresponding sequence of vibration sample values ​​S(j) when integer decimation is performed. Thus, when integer decimation is performed by this stage, it can be set to provide an integer decimation factor M=10, for example, and as Figures 8A to 8EAs shown, for every ten samples S(i) (see Figures 8A to 8E Column #03 in the Figures 8A to 8E 5 in column #05). According to one example, very precise position and time information PT associated with the decimated vibration sample value S(j) is maintained by setting the PositionTime signal in column #04 to a value PT=3, thereby indicating that a positive edge was detected in time slot #03 (see column #02). Thus, the value of the PositionTime signal after integer decimation indicates the time of detection of the position signal edge P relative to the sample value S(l).

[0128] exist Figures 8A to 8E In the example, the amplitude value of the position time (PositionTime) signal at sample i=3 is PT=3, and due to the decimation factor M=10, sample S(l) is transmitted in time slot 10, which means that the edge is detected in M-PT=10-3=7 time slots before the time slot of sample S(l).

[0129] Thus, the device 150 may be operable to process information about the positive edges of the encoder signal P(i) in parallel with the vibration samples S(i) in order to establish the velocity value f by detecting the analog signal. ROT The above signal processing maintains the time relationship between the positive edge of the encoder signal P(i) and the corresponding vibration sample value S(i) and / or the integer-decimated vibration sample value S(j).

[0130] Figure 9 It shows the operation Figure 7 Flowchart of an example of a method of the state parameter extractor 450.

[0131] According to one example, the state parameter extractor 450 analyzes (step S#10) the time relationship between three consecutive received position signals to determine whether the monitored rotating housing 20 is in a constant speed phase or an acceleration phase. As described above, this analysis can be performed based on the information in the memory 460 (see Figures 8A to 8E ).

[0132] If the analysis shows that there are the same number of time gaps between the position signals, then the state parameter extractor 450 concludes (at step #20) that the speed is constant, in which case step S#30 is executed.

[0133] In step S#30, the state parameter extractor 450 can calculate the duration between two consecutive position signals by multiplying the duration of the time slot dt=1 / fs by the number of time slots between the two consecutive position signals. When the monitored housing 20 provides a position signal once per full rotation, the rotation speed can be calculated as

[0134] V=1 / (n diff *dt),

[0135] Among them, n diff = the number of time slots between two consecutive position signals. During the constant speed phase, all sample values ​​S(j) associated with the three analyzed position signals (see Figures 8A to 8E Column #05) in the ROT =V=1 / (n diff *dt), as described above. Thereafter, step S#10 may be performed again for the next three consecutively received position signals. Alternatively, when step S#10 is repeated, the previous third position signal P3 will be used as the first position signal P1 (i.e., P1:=P3) to determine whether a speed change is imminent.

[0136] If the analysis (step S#10) shows that the number of time slots between the first and second position signals is different from the number of time slots between the second and third position signals, the state parameter extractor 450 concludes (step S#20) that the monitored rotating housing 20 is in an acceleration phase. Acceleration can be positive, i.e., an increase in rotational speed, or negative, i.e., a decrease in rotational speed, also known as deceleration.

[0137] In the next step S#40, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish instantaneous speed values ​​during the acceleration phase and associates each measured data value S(j) with an instantaneous speed value Vp indicating the instantaneous speed at the time when the sensor signal (S) corresponding to the data value S(j) is detected. EA ) value is the rotational speed of the monitored mill housing.

[0138] According to one example, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish the instantaneous speed value by linear interpolation. According to another example, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish the instantaneous speed value by non-linear interpolation.

[0139] Figure 10 is shown for execution Figure 9 According to one example, it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value for the duration between two mutually adjacent position indicators P (see Figures 8A to 8E Column #02 in ). Therefore, when

[0140] The position indicator P is transmitted once per revolution, and

[0141] The gear ratio is 1 / 1:

[0142] - the angular distance travelled by the rotating housing 20 between two mutually adjacent position indicators P is one (1) revolution, which can also be expressed as 360°, and

[0143] - Duration is T=n diff *dt,

[0144] ■ Among them, n diff is the number of time slots of duration dt between two mutually adjacent position indicators P.

[0145] refer to Figures 8A to 8E , the first position indicator P is detected in time slot il=#03, and the next position indicator P is detected in time slot i2=#45. Therefore, the duration is n diff1 =i2-i1=45-3=42 time slots.

[0146] Therefore, in step S#60 (combined with Figures 8A to 8E See also Figure 10 ), the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish a first number of time slots n between the first two consecutive position signals P1 and P2, that is, between the position signal P(i=3) and the position signal P(i=45). diff1 .

[0147] In step S#70, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to calculate the first rotation speed value VT1. The first rotation speed value VTL can be calculated as

[0148] VT1=1 / (n diff1 *dt),

[0149] Among them, VT1 is the speed expressed in revolutions per second,

[0150] n diff1 = the number of time slots between two consecutive position signals; and

[0151] dt is the duration of a time slot, expressed in seconds.

[0152] Since it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value during the duration between two position indicators P adjacent to each other, the calculated first velocity value VT1 is assigned to the middle time slot between two consecutive position signals (step S#80).

[0153] Therefore, in this example, where, in time slot i P1 = The first position indicator P1 is detected in #03 and in time slot i P2 = The next position indicator P2 is detected in #45; the first intermediate time slot is

[0154] Time slot i P1-2 =i P1 +(i P2 -i P1) / 2=3+(45-3) / 2=3+21)=24.

[0155] Therefore, in step S#80, the first rotation speed value VT1 can be assigned to a time slot (for example, time slot i=24) that represents a time point earlier than the time point at which the second position signal edge P (i=45) is detected, see Figures 8A to 8E .

[0156] The retroactive assignment of speed values ​​to time slots representing the points in time between two consecutive position signals advantageously results in a significant reduction in the inaccuracy of the speed values. Although prior art methods of obtaining instantaneous rotational speed values ​​of the roller mill housing 20 may be satisfactory for establishing constant speed values ​​at several mutually different rotational speeds, prior art solutions appear to be unsatisfactory when used to establish speed values ​​of the rotating roller mill housing 20 during an acceleration phase.

[0157] In contrast, the method according to the example disclosed in this document enables speed values ​​to be established with advantageously small inaccuracies even during acceleration phases.

[0158] In the subsequent step S#90, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish a second number of time slots n between the next two consecutive position signals. diff2 .exist Figures 8A to 8E In the example, this is the number of slots n between slot 45 and slot 78. diff2 , that is, n diff2 =78-45=33.

[0159] In step S#100, the state parameter extractor 450 calculates the second rotation speed value VT2. The second rotation speed value VT2 can be calculated as:

[0160] VT2=Vp61=1 / (n diff2 *dt),

[0161] Among them, n diff2 = the number of time slots between the next two consecutive position signals P2 and P3. Figures 8A to 8E In the example, n diff2 =33, that is, the number of time slots between time slot 45 and time slot 78.

[0162] Since it can be assumed that the acceleration has a constant value over the duration between two position indicators P adjacent to each other, the calculated second velocity value VT2 is assigned (step S#110) to the middle time slot between two consecutive position signals.

[0163] Therefore, in Figures 8A to 8EIn the example of , the calculated second velocity value VT2 is assigned to time slot 61, because 45+(78-45) / 2=61,5. Therefore, the velocity at time slot 61 is set to

[0164] V(61):=VT2.

[0165] Thus, in this example, where one position indicator P is detected in time slot i2=#45 and the next position indicator P is detected in time slot i3=#78; the second intermediate time slot is the integer portion of:

[0166] i P2-3 =i P2 +(i P3 -i P2 ) / 2=45+(78-45) / 2=45+33 / 2=61,5

[0167] Therefore, time slot 61 is the second middle time slot i P2-3 .

[0168] Therefore, in step S#110, the second velocity value VT2 can be advantageously assigned to a time slot (e.g., time slot i=61) that represents a time point earlier than the time point at which the third position signal edge P (i=78) is detected, see Figures 8A to 8E This feature enables real-time monitoring of the rotational speed with a slight delay while achieving greater accuracy in detecting the speed.

[0169] In the next step S#120, the first acceleration value of the relevant time period is calculated. The first acceleration value can be calculated as:

[0170] a12=(VT2-VT1) / ((i VT2 -i VT1 )*dt)

[0171] exist Figures 8A to 8E In the example, the second speed value VT2 is assigned to the time slot 61, so i VT2 =61, the first speed value VT1 is assigned to time slot 24, so i VT1 =24.

[0172] Therefore, since dt = 1 / fs, the acceleration value can be set to

[0173] a12=fs*(VT2-VT1) / (i VT2 -i VT1 )

[0174] For the time period between time slot 24 and time slot 60, Figures 8A to 8E In the example.

[0175] In the next step S#130, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to associate the established first acceleration value a11 with the time slots in which the established acceleration value a12 is valid. This can be all time slots between the time slots of the first velocity value VT1 and the time slots of the second velocity value VT2. Thus, the established first acceleration value a12 can be associated with each time slot of the duration between the time slots of the first velocity value VT1 and the time slots of the second velocity value VT2. Figures 8A to 8E In the example, it is time slots 25 to 60. Figures 8A to 8E is shown in column #07 of .

[0176] In the next step S#140, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish a velocity value for the measurement value s(j) associated with the duration for which the established acceleration value is valid. Thus, a velocity value is established for each time slot that

[0177] is associated with the measurement s(j), and

[0178] Associated with the established first acceleration value a12.

[0179] During linear acceleration, that is, when the acceleration a is constant, the velocity at any given point in time is given by the following equation:

[0180] V(i)=V(i-1)+a*dt,

[0181] in,

[0182] V(i) is the instantaneous velocity at time slot i

[0183] V(i-1) is the instantaneous velocity at the time slot immediately before time slot i

[0184] a is the acceleration

[0185] dt is the duration of the time slot

[0186] According to one example, the speed of each time slot from time slot 25 to time slot 60 can be continuously calculated in this manner, as shown in FIG. Figures 8A to 8E Thus, in this way it is possible to establish instantaneous velocity values ​​Vp associated with the detected measurement values ​​Se(25), Se(26), Se(27) ... Se(59) and Se(60), which are associated with the acceleration value a12 (see Figures 8A to 8E 8 in column #03 and time slots 25 to 60 in column #07). Thus, in this way, it is possible to establish instantaneous velocity values ​​S(j) [see column #05] associated with the detected measurement values ​​S(3), S(4), S(5) and S(6), which are associated with the acceleration value a12.

[0187] According to another example, the instantaneous speed of time slot 30 associated with the first measurement value s(j)=S(3) can be calculated as:

[0188] V(i=30)=Vp30=VT1+a*(30-24)*dt=Vp24+a*6*dt

[0189] The instantaneous speed of time slot 40 associated with the first measurement value s(j)=S(4) can be calculated as:

[0190] V(i=40)=Vp40=VT1+a*(40-24)*dt=Vp40+a*16*dt

[0191] or as:

[0192] V(i=40)=Vp40=V(30)+(40-30)*dt=Vp30+a*10*dt

[0193] The instantaneous speed of the time slot 50 associated with the first measurement value s(j)=S(5) can then be calculated as:

[0194] V(i=50)=Vp50=V(40)+(50-40)*dt=Vp40+a*10*dt

[0195] And the instantaneous speed of time slot 60 associated with the first measurement value s(j)=S(6) can then be calculated as:

[0196] V(i=60)=Vp50+a*10*dt

[0197] As described above, when the measurement sample value S(i) associated with the established acceleration value [see Figures 8A to 8E 3] has been associated with an instantaneous velocity value, a data array comprising a time series of measurement sample values ​​S(i) may be delivered at the output of the state parameter extractor 450, each value being associated with a velocity value V(i), f ROT (i) is associated. Alternatively, if it is desired to decimate the sampling rate, this can be done as follows: As described above, when the measured sample value S(j) associated with the established acceleration value [see Figures 8A to 8E 5] has been associated with an instantaneous velocity value, a data array comprising a time series of measurement sample values ​​S(j) may be delivered at the output of the state parameter extractor 450, each value being associated with a velocity value V(j), f ROT (j) Associated.

[0198] refer to Figure 11 , describes another example of a method. According to this example, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to record (see Figure 11 The position signal (E P ) such that between at least some of the recorded position signal values ​​(P(i)), for example, between a first position signal value P1(i) and a second position signal value P2(i), there is a first time relationship n diff1 According to one example, a second position signal value P2(i) is received and recorded in a time slot (i) that arrives ndiffl time slots after the reception of the first position signal value P1(i) (see Figure 11 Then, the third position signal value P3(i) is received and recorded (see step S#160 in FIG. Figure 11 Step S#170 in ) is in time slot (i), which arrives ndiff2 time slots after receiving the second position signal value P2(i).

[0199] like Figure 11 As shown in step S#180 in FIG. 1 , the state parameter extractor 450 may be operated to calculate the relationship value

[0200] a12=ndiff1 / ndiff2

[0201] If the relationship value a12 is equal to unity or substantially equal to one, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to determine that the speed is constant and may continue to calculate the speed according to the constant speed phase method.

[0202] If the relation value a12 is greater than one, then the relation value indicates a percentage speed increase.

[0203] If the relation value a12 is less than one, then the relation value indicates a percentage speed reduction.

[0204] The relationship value a12 can be used to calculate the speed V2 at the end of the time series based on the speed V1 at the beginning of the time series, for example, as

[0205] V2=a12*V1

[0206] Figure 12 is shown for execution Figure 9 According to one example, it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value for the duration between two position indicators P adjacent to each other (see Figures 8A to 8E Column #02 in ). Therefore, when

[0207] The position indicator P is transmitted once per revolution, and

[0208] The gear ratio is 1 / 1:

[0209] - the angular distance between two adjacent position indicators P is one revolution, which can also be expressed as 360°, and

[0210] - duration is T = n*dt,

[0211] ■ where n is the number of time slots of duration dt between the first two position indicators P1 and P2 that are adjacent to each other.

[0212] In step S#200, the first rotation speed value VT1 can be calculated as

[0213] VT1=1 / (ndiff1*dt),

[0214] Among them, VT1 is the speed expressed in revolutions per second,

[0215] ndiff1 = number of time slots between two consecutive position signals; and

[0216] dt is the duration of the time slot, expressed in seconds. The value of dt can be, for example, the initial sampling frequency f S The reciprocal of .

[0217] Since it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value during the duration between two position indicators P adjacent to each other, the calculated first velocity value VT1 is assigned to two consecutive position signals P(i)

[0218] and P(i+ndiff1) First mid-slot .

[0219] In step S#210, the second velocity value VT2 can be calculated as

[0220] VT2=1 / (ndiff2*dt),

[0221] Among them, VT2 is the speed expressed in revolutions per second,

[0222] ndiff2 = number of time slots between two consecutive position signals; and

[0223] dt is the duration of the time slot, expressed in seconds. The value of dt can be, for example, the initial sampling frequency f S The reciprocal of .

[0224] Since it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value during the duration between two position indicators P adjacent to each other, the calculated second velocity value VT2 is assigned to the intermediate position between two consecutive position signals P(i+ndiff1) and P(i+ndiff1+ndiff2). Second mid-slot .

[0225] After that, the speed difference V Deltacan be calculated as

[0226] V Delta =VT2-VT1

[0227] The speed difference V Delta The value can be divided by the number of time slots between the second intermediate time slot and the first intermediate time slot. The resulting value indicates the velocity difference dV between adjacent time slots. Of course, as mentioned above, this assumes constant acceleration.

[0228] The instantaneous speed value associated with the selected time slot may then be calculated based on the first rotational speed value VT1 and a value indicative of the speed difference between adjacent time slots.

[0229] As described above, when the measurement sample values ​​S(i) associated with the time slot between the first intermediate time slot and the second intermediate time slot have been associated with instantaneous speed values, a data array comprising a time series of measurement sample values ​​S(i) is delivered at the output of the state parameter extractor 450, each value being associated with a speed value V(i). The instantaneous speed value V(i) may also be referred to as f ROT (i).

[0230] In summary, according to some examples, the first instantaneous speed value VT1 may be established according to the following factors:

[0231] The angular distance δ-FI between the first position signal P1 and the second position signal P2 p1-p2 , and depends on

[0232] The corresponding duration δ-T p1-p2 =t P2 -t P1 .

[0233] After that, the second instantaneous speed value VT2 can be established based on the following factors

[0234] The angular distance δ-FI between the second position signal P2 and the third position signal P3 P2-P3 , and depends on

[0235] The corresponding duration δ-T p2-p3 =t P2 -t P1 .

[0236] Thereafter, the instantaneous speed value of the rotating housing 20 may be established by interpolation between the first instantaneous speed value VT1 and the second instantaneous speed value VT2 .

[0237] In other words, according to an example, the angular distance δ-FI p1-p2 ,δ-FI P2-P3Two instantaneous speed values ​​VT1 and VT2 are established by the corresponding time durations between the three consecutive position signals, and thereafter, the instantaneous speed value of the rotating housing 20 can be established by interpolation between the first instantaneous speed value VT1 and the second instantaneous speed value VT2.

[0238] Figure 13 is a diagram showing a series of temporally consecutive position signals P1, P2, P3, ..., each position signal P indicating one complete revolution of the monitored housing 20. Thus, the time values ​​in seconds increase to the right along the horizontal axis.

[0239] The vertical axis indicates rotational speed, graded in revolutions per minute (RPM).

[0240] refer to Figure 13 , shows the effect of the method according to an example. The first instantaneous speed value V(t1)=VT1 can be established according to the following formula:

[0241] The angular distance δ-FI between the first position signal p1 and the second position signal P2 p1-p2 , and depends on

[0242] The corresponding duration δ-T p1-p2 =t P2 -t P1 By dividing the angular distance δ-FI p1-p2 Divide by the corresponding duration (t P2 -t P1 ) represents the speed V(t1) of the rotating shell 20 at the first intermediate time point t1, also called mtp (intermediate time point), as shown in FIG. Figure 13 shown.

[0243] Thereafter, the second instantaneous velocity value V(t2)=VT2 can be established according to the following formula:

[0244] The angular distance δ-FI between the second position signal P2 and the third position signal P3 depends on

[0245] The corresponding duration δ-T2-3=t P3 -t P2 .

[0246] like Figure 13 As shown, by dividing the angular distance δ-FI by the corresponding duration (t P3 -t P2 ) represents the speed V(t2) of the rotating housing 20 at the second intermediate time point t2 (second mtp).

[0247] Thereafter, the instantaneous speed value of the time value between the first intermediate time point and the second intermediate time point can be established by interpolating between the first instantaneous speed value VT1 and the second instantaneous speed value VT2, as shown in the curve f ROTint shown.

[0248] Mathematically, this can be expressed as the following equation:

[0249] V(t12)=V(t1)+a*(t12-t1)

[0250] Therefore, if the velocity of the housing 20 can be detected at two time points (t1 and t2) and the acceleration a is constant, the instantaneous velocity at any time point can be calculated. Specifically, the housing velocity V(t12) at time T12 (a time point after t1 and before t2) can be calculated using the following formula:

[0251] V(t12)=V(t1)+a*(t12-t1)

[0252] in,

[0253] a is the acceleration, and

[0254] t1 is the first intermediate time point t1 (see Figure 13 ).

[0255] The establishment of the speed value and the reference value as described above can be achieved by executing the corresponding method steps. Figure 20 、 Figure 21 22, and this may be accomplished by a computer program 94 stored in the memory 60, as described above. The computer program may be executed by the DSP 50. Alternatively, the computer program may be executed by a field programmable gate array circuit (FPGA).

[0256] When the processor 350 executes the corresponding program codes 380, 394, 410, the speed value f ROT The establishment of (i) can be performed by the analysis device 150, as described above in conjunction with Figure 4 As discussed. The data processor 350 may include a central processing unit 350 for controlling the operation of the analysis device 14. Alternatively, the processor 50 may include a digital signal processor (DSP) 350. According to another example, the processor 350 includes a field programmable gate array circuit (FPGA). The operation of the field programmable gate array circuit (FPGA) can be controlled by the central processing unit 350, which may include a digital signal processor (DSP) 350.

[0257] Identification of data related to the toe of a charge in a roller mill

[0258] As described above, the roller mill housing 20 has an inner housing surface 22 facing the chamber 25, and the inner housing surface 22 includes a plurality of protrusions 310, also known as lifters, which can be configured to engage and lift the material 30 when the housing is rotated about the axis 60 (see, for example, FIG. Figure 2 ). The number of protrusions 310 provided on the inner housing surface 22 facing the chamber 25 is herein denoted by the variable L. Figure 2 The case where there are twelve protrusions 310 is shown, i.e., L=12, but the number L of protrusions 310 may be higher or lower. According to some embodiments, the number L of protrusions 310 may be at least one, i.e., the number L of protrusions 310 may be L=1. According to some embodiments, the number L of protrusions 310 may be any number greater than L=1. According to some embodiments, the number L of protrusions 310 may be any value within the range of L=2 to L=60. According to some embodiments, the number L of protrusions 310 may be any value within the range of L=2 to L=35.

[0259] The number L of protrusions 310 is an important factor in analyzing the vibrations caused by the rotation of the mill housing 20. The inventors have recognized that the interaction of the protrusions 310 with the toe of the charge forces the material of the charge to accelerate in the direction of motion of the protrusions 310, thereby causing the mechanical vibration V IMP The inventors have also recognized that this mechanical vibration V caused by the interaction of the protrusion 310 with the toe of the charge IMP will be repeated, i.e. there is a repetition frequency f R . refer to Figure 2 , it should be noted that it shows the rotating mill housing 20 when the protrusion 310C impacts the toe 205 of the material charge 30. The impact of the protrusion 310C on the bulk of the material in the toe 205 causes the bulk of the material in the toe to move in the direction A of motion of the protrusion 310C. ACC The acceleration causes a force F on the leading edge surface of the protrusion 310C. IMP By the way, this impact force F IMP can be estimated to be an order of magnitude:

[0260] F IMP =m 205 *a 205

[0261] in,

[0262] m 205 is the mass of the accelerating toe,

[0263] a 205 is the magnitude of the acceleration at the toe.

[0264] Therefore, the measurement signal S MD (See, for example, Figure 5) may include at least one vibration signal signature S of the vibration movement of the roller mill housing 20 depending on the rotational movement FIMP ; Wherein, the vibration signal signature S FIMP With repetition frequency f R , which frequency depends on the rotational speed f of the rotating roller mill housing 20 ROT .

[0265] In addition, the vibration signal signature S FIMP The magnitude of the peak amplitude seems to depend on the impact force F IMP size.

[0266] Therefore, the inventors concluded that the vibration signal signature S FIMP The energy or magnitude measurement appears to indicate the impact force F IMP size.

[0267] The vibration signal signature S of the vibration movement of the mill housing 20 due to the rotational movement FIMP The presence of can thus provide an indication of the toe 205 of the charge of the monitored roller mill housing 20. In fact, the vibration signal signature S of the vibration motion of the mill housing 20 depends on the rotational motion FIMP An indication of the position of the toe 205 of the charge of the roller mill housing 20 being monitored may be provided, the position being indicated relative to a reference position value.

[0268] The inventors concluded that the mechanical vibration V caused by the interaction of the protrusion 310 with the charge toe IMP The repetition frequency f R Depending on the number L of protrusions 310 provided on the inner housing surface 22 and the rotational speed f of the housing 20 ROT .

[0269] When the roller mill housing 20 is monitored Constant When the speed of rotation is R The discussion can be based on repetitions per time unit or repetitions per rotation of the housing being monitored, without distinguishing between the two. However, if the roller mill housing 20 rotates at a variable speed, things become more complicated, as discussed elsewhere in this disclosure, for example, in conjunction with Figure 20 、 21 , 22A, 22B and 22C. In fact, it seems that even very small changes in the rotational speed of the mill housing may have a significant adverse effect on the quality of the detected signal, as far as the ambiguity of the detected vibration signal is concerned. ROT Very precise detection is crucial.

[0270] Furthermore, the inventors have recognized that not only the mechanical vibration V IMPThe amplitude of the mechanical vibration V IMP The occurrence time of the measurement signal S can indicate the data related to the charging toe 205 in the roller mill. MD (See, for example, Figure 5 ) may include at least one vibration signal amplitude component S of the vibration motion of the roller mill housing 20 depending on the rotational motion FIMP ;

[0271] Among them, the vibration signal amplitude component S FIMP With repetition frequency f R , the repetition frequency:

[0272] The rotational speed f of the roller mill housing 20 depends on the rotational movement ROT , and also

[0273] depends on the number L of protrusions 310 provided on the inner housing surface 22 of the mill housing 20; and

[0274] Among them, there is a temporal relationship between:

[0275] Repetitive vibration signal amplitude component S FIMP The emergence of

[0276] With a second repetition frequency f P The frequency of the position signal P(i) depends on the rotational speed f of the rotating roller mill housing 20. ROT .

[0277] Regarding the constant speed, the inventors concluded that if the speed f ROT is constant, then the digital measurement signal S comprising a time series of vibration sample values ​​S(i) MD With repetition frequency f R , the repetition frequency depends on the number L of protrusions 310 provided on the inner housing surface 22 .

[0278] The state parameter extractor 450 may optionally include a device coupled to receive the digital measurement signal S MD or depending on the digital measurement signal S MD The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the signal is performed. Regarding the analysis of the roller mill with the rotating shell 20, the rotation frequency f of the rotating shell 20 is analyzed. ROT The signal frequency may be of interest. In this case, the rotation frequency f of the housing 20 ROT can be called "1st order". If the signal of interest occurs ten times per revolution of the housing, the frequency can be called 10th order, i.e. the repetition frequency f R (measured in Hz) divided by the speed f ROT(measured in revolutions per second rps) equal to 10Hz / rps, i.e. Oi = fR / f ROT =10th order.

[0279] Using the maximum order as Y and the total number of frequency bins in the FFT as Z, the inventors concluded that, according to one example, the following formula applies:

[0280] Oi*Z=X*Y.

[0281] On the contrary, X=Oi*Z / Y, where

[0282] Y is the maximum order; and

[0283] Z is the number of frequency bins in the spectrum produced by the FFT, and

[0284] Oi is the number L of protrusions 310 in the roller mill housing that are monitored.

[0285] The above variables Y, Z and Oi should be set so that the variable X is a positive integer. In conjunction with the above example, it should be noted that the FFT analyzer is configured to receive a reference signal, i.e., the position marker signal value PS, once per revolution of the rotating housing 20. Figure 2 As described above, the position marking device 180 can be set on the outer wall surface of the shell 20, so that when the shell 20 rotates around the rotation axis 60, the position mark 180 passes through the position sensor 170 once every time the shell rotates one circle, so that the position sensor 170 generates a rotation mark signal value PS.

[0286] Incidentally, referring to the above example of the FFT analyzer setting, the integer X obtained may indicate the number of revolutions of the roller mill housing 20 being monitored, during which the digital signal S is analyzed. MD According to one example, the above variables Y, Z and Oi can be set via the human-machine interface HCI 210, 210S (see for example Figure 1 and / or Figure 5 and / or Figure 15 ).

[0287] As mentioned above, the protrusion 310 may also be referred to as a lift 310. Consider when the digital measurement signal S MDSituation when transferred to an FFT analyzer: In this case, when the FFT analyzer is set for 10 protrusions, i.e. L = 10, and Z = 160 frequency bins, and the user is interested in analyzing frequencies up to the order Y = 100, the value of X becomes X = Oi*Z / Y = 10*160 / 100 = 16. Therefore, when Z = 160 frequency bins are required, measurements need to be made during 16 housing rotations (X = 16), the number of protrusions is L = 10; and the user is interested in analyzing frequencies up to the order Y = 100. In combination with the settings of the FFT analyzer, the order value Y can indicate the digital measurement signal S MD The highest frequency to be analyzed in .

[0288] According to some embodiments, when the FFT analyzer is configured to receive a reference signal, i.e., a position marker signal value PS, once per rotation of the rotating housing 20 , the settings of the FFT analyzer should meet the following criteria:

[0289] The integer value Oi is set equal to L, the number of protrusions in the housing 20, and

[0290] The settable variables Y and Z are selected so that the mathematical expression Oi*Z / Y becomes a positive integer. In other words: when the integer value Oi is set equal to L, then the settable variables Y and Z should be set to integer values ​​so that the variable X is a positive integer.

[0291] Where X = Oi*Z / Y

[0292] According to one example, the number of bins Z can be set by selecting a value Z from a set of values. The set of selectable values ​​for the frequency resolution Z can include

[0293] Z=200

[0294] Z=400

[0295] Z=800

[0296] Z=1600

[0297] Z=3200

[0298] An example of a constant speed phase

[0299] If combined Figure 9 As described in step S#30 in FIG. 1 , the state parameter extractor 450 can identify the constant speed phase, ie, the constant speed f of the housing 20. ROT status.

[0300] Figure 14 Another example of a cross-sectional view of the middle portion 98 of the rotating mill housing 20 during operation is shown. This view may be taken, for example, along Figure 1 According to the line AA. Figure 14 In the example of FIG. 5 , the roller mill housing 20 has six protrusions 310 configured to engage the material charge 30 when the housing is rotated about the axis 60 , ie, the number L=6.

[0301] The inner diameter of the housing 20 may be, for example, 600 cm, and the rotational speed may be constant, for example, 13.6 revolutions per minute. For the purposes of this example, the sampling frequency is such that there are n=7680 samples per revolution, and the rotational speed of the housing 20 is f ROT .

[0302] When there is a position signal per revolution and the speed f ROT When constant or substantially constant, there will be a constant or substantially constant number of vibration sample values ​​S(i) for each revolution of the mill housing 20. For the purposes of this example, the position signal P(0) indicates vibration sample i=0, as shown in Table 2 (see below). For the purposes of this example, the position signal P(0) relative to the housing 20 may not be important as long as the repetition frequency f P The rotational speed f of the roller housing 20 depends on the rotational movement ROT Therefore, if the housing 20 rotates once, the position signal E P There is one pulse, and the digital position signal will have a position signal value P(i)=1 every time it rotates one circle, and the rest of the position signal values ​​are zero.

[0303] #01 #02 #03 #04 Time Slot dt i,j Position P(i) S(i) <![CDATA[f ROT (i)]]> 0 1 S(0) Constant 427 0 S(427) Constant 853 0 S(853) Constant 1280 0 S(1280) Constant 1707 0 S(1707) Constant 2133 0 S(2133) Constant 2560 0 S(2560) Constant 2987 0 S(2987) Constant 3413 0 S(3413) Constant 3840 0 S(3840) Constant 4267 0 S(4267) Constant 4693 0 S(4693) Constant 5120 0 S(5120) Constant 5547 0 S(5547) Constant 5973 0 S(5973) Constant 6400 0 S(6400) Constant 6827 0 S(6827) Constant 7253 0 S(7253) Constant 7680 1 S(7680) Constant

[0304] Table 2

[0305] Therefore, at a constant speed f ROT In this case, there may be n time slots per revolution, as shown in Table 2, where n can be a positive integer. In the example of Table 2, n=7680.

[0306] There is a position signal P per revolution. We know that the position signal will be repeated every n time slots, because the speed f ROT Therefore, multiple virtual position signals P can be generated by calculation. C In one example, consider generating a virtual position signal P C A virtual position signal P is provided for each protrusion 310. C Can be used to establish temporal relationships between:

[0307] Repetitive vibration signal amplitude component S FIMP The emergence and

[0308] The presence of a position signal P(i) with a second repetition frequency f P , which frequency depends on the rotational speed f of the rotating roller mill housing 20 ROT .

[0309] There are L equally spaced protrusions 310 in the mill housing, and each revolution has a position signal P and a constant speed f ROT , a virtual position signal P can be generated for each protrusion C , so that the position signals P, P C Therefore, as shown in Table 3, when n time slots are provided per revolution, the position signal P or P C Will appear at every n / L sample value position. In Table 3, n = 7680, L = 6, so a position signal P is provided every 1280 samples. C , the calculated position signal is represented as 1C.

[0310] It can be assumed that the position of the toe 205 of the mill is substantially constant during a single rotation of the mill housing 20. FIMP 、S P is generated by the interaction between the protrusion and the toe of the charge, so there will be a vibration signal amplitude component S for each protrusion 310 FIMP , Sp is repeated at a frequency of . Therefore, it can be assumed that:

[0311] Repetitive vibration signal amplitude component S FIMP 、S p The emergence and

[0312] The temporal relationship between the occurrences of the position signals P, PC is substantially constant for each of the L data blocks, L=6 in this example.

[0313] Table 3 shows the principle of the time course of the position signal value P(i), and the calculated position signal value P(i) is represented as "1C".

[0314]

[0315]

[0316] Table 3

[0317]

[0318]

[0319]

[0320] Table 4

[0321]

[0322]

[0323] Table 5

[0324] Table 4 is a diagram of the first block (i.e., block I) with n / L=7680 / 6=1280 consecutive time slots. It should be understood that if there is a constant speed phase during the duration of a complete rotation of the housing 20 (see Figure 9 ), then each of blocks I to VI (see Table 3) will have the same appearance as block I shown in Table 4.

[0325] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to column #03 in Table 4, the vibration sample value S(i) is analyzed to detect the vibration signal signature S FIMP . Vibration signal signature S FIMP It can be expressed as the peak amplitude sample value S P According to one example, referring to column #03 in Table 4, the vibration sample value S(i) is analyzed by a peak detector to detect the peak sample value S P Referring to Table 5, the peak analysis results in the detection of the highest vibration sample amplitude value S(i). In the example shown, the vibration sample amplitude value S(i=760) is detected as the one holding the highest peak value S P .

[0326] Peak S has been detected P In time slot 760, the repetitive vibration signal amplitude component S P The temporal relationship between the occurrence of position signal P(i) and the occurrence of position signal P(i). In Table 5, the time slots in which position signal P(i) is transmitted are represented as 0% and 100%, respectively, and all time slots in between are labeled with their corresponding positions, as shown in column #02 in Table 5. As shown in the example in column #02 of Table 5, the time position of time slot number i = 760 is 59% of the time distance between time slot i = 0 and time slot i = 1280. In other words, 760 / 1280 = 0.59 = 59%.

[0327] Therefore, the inventors concluded that:

[0328] Repetitive vibration signal amplitude component S FIMP The emergence and

[0329] The appearance of position signal P(i)

[0330] The temporal relationship between can be used as an indication of the relative physical position of the toe 205 of the charge between two consecutive protrusions 310 in the rotating housing 20 .

[0331] Therefore, the distance between two adjacent leading edges expressed as a percentage can be obtained by the following formula (see Figure 2 312C and 312D in combination with the position of the toe 205 of Table 5):

[0332] For the first reference signal from sample number N0=0 to sample number N B = the total number of samples where the second reference signal appears in 1280 (N B -N0=N B -0=N B =1280) to count, and

[0333] For the period from the first reference signal at N0=0 to the first reference signal at sample number N P The peak amplitude value S at P The number of samples that appear (N P -N0=N P -0=N P ) to count, and

[0334] Based on the other number N P and the total number N B Generate the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)). This can be summarized as:

[0335] R T (r)=R T (760)=(N P -N0) / (N B -N0)=(760-0) / (1280-0)=0.59=59%

[0336] Therefore, the relative toe position can be generated by:

[0337] The total number of samples (N) from the first reference signal to the second reference signal B ) to count, and

[0338] From the first reference signal to the sample number N P The peak amplitude value S at P The number of samples that appear (N P ) to count, and

[0339] Based on the sample number N P and the total number of samples (ie N B ) generates the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

[0340] refer to Figure 14It should be noted that at the time point shown, the position marker 180 is depicted as just passing the position of the position sensor 170. Therefore, the time point shown may be the time point indicated by the time slot 1280, i.e., when the position signal P (i=1280) is generated. Since the housing rotates in the clockwise direction, the most recent sample peak S P is generated by the impact of the protrusion 310A and the toe 205 (see Figure 14 and Table 5). Therefore, it is detected as maintaining the highest peak S P The vibration sample amplitude value S (i = 760) appears before the position signal P (i = 1280) appears at time T SP =dt*(1280-760).

[0341] Because S = v*t, where S = distance, v = constant velocity, and t is time, the time relationship can be directly converted to distance. Therefore, column #02 of Table 5 can be considered to indicate the physical position of toe 205 at a position 59% of the distance between protrusion 310A and protrusion 310B (see Figure 14 Together with column #02 of Table 5).

[0342] According to another example, referring to Table 6, the repetitive vibration signal amplitude component S P The temporal relationship between the occurrence of and the occurrence of the position signal P(i) can be considered as a phase deviation expressed in degrees.

[0343]

[0344]

[0345] Table 6

[0346] In fact, by using the position signal as a digital measurement signal S MD , S(i), S(j), and adjusting the settings of the Fast Fourier Transformer in some manner, the Fast Fourier Transformer can be used to extract the amplitude peak as well as the phase value, as described below. Therefore, when the total distance between protrusion 310A and protrusion 310B is considered to be 360°, column #02 of Table 6 can be considered to indicate the physical location of toe 205 at position 213 of 75° of the distance between protrusion 310A and protrusion 310B (see Figure 14 Together with column #02 of Table 6). When expressed as a fraction of the distance between two adjacent protrusions 310, the physical position of the toe 205 can be referred to as the relative position of the toe 205. In other words, the present disclosure provides a way to identify the relative toe position of the toe 205 of the charge in the roller mill. Therefore, the present disclosure provides a way to generate information indicating the position of the toe 205 when expressed as a fraction of the distance between two adjacent protrusions 310 in the rotating shell 20. Reference Figure 15 and Figure 16 , the relative toe position can be expressed as the phase angle FI(r), as shown below combined with Figure 15 and Figure 16 As discussed. According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the relative toe position can be expressed as a percentage (see column #02 of Table 5 above). In addition, according to an embodiment of the disclosure, the relative toe position can be expressed as a duration, or a portion of a duration. As described above, in conjunction with Table 5, since S = v*t, where S = distance, v = velocity of the protrusion, and t is time, the time relationship can be directly converted to distance. In this case, it should be noted that the velocity v of the protrusion depends on the angular velocity f of the housing 20. ROT and the radius R of the housing 20 MIC (See Figure 14 ).

[0347] Figure 15 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the state parameter extractor 450 . Figure 15 The state parameter extractor 450 includes receiving a quantity vibration signal S MD , S(i) and the digital position signal (Pi). The housing speed detector 500 may also be referred to as a housing speed value generator 500. The housing speed detector 500 may generate a housing speed value based on the received quantitative vibration signal S MD , S(i) and the digital position signal (Pi) generate three signals S(j), P(j) and f ROT (j). This can be done, for example, as described above with respect to Figures 7 to 13 In this respect, it should be noted that the three signals S(j), P(j) and f(j) can be transmitted simultaneously. ROT (j), i.e., these signals are all associated with the same time slot j. In other words, the three signals S(j), P(j) and f(j) can be provided in a synchronized manner. ROT (j). Providing signals such as S(j), P(j) and ROT(j) in a synchronized manner advantageously provides accurate information about the temporal relationship between the signal values ​​of the respective signals. Thus, for example, the velocity value f delivered by the shell velocity value generator 500 ROT (j) indicates the instantaneous rotation speed of the housing 20 when the amplitude value S(j) is detected.

[0348] It should be noted that the signals S(j) and P(j) transmitted by the shell velocity value generator 500 are delayed relative to the signals S(i) and (Pi) received by the shell velocity value generator 500. It should also be noted that the signals S(j) and P(j) are equally delayed relative to the signals S(i) and (Pi), thereby preserving the temporal relationship between the two. In other words, the signals S(j) and P(j) are synchronously delayed.

[0349] The housing speed detector 500 may deliver a signal indicating whether the rotational speed remains constant for a sufficiently long time, in which case the signals S(j) and P(j) may be delivered to the fast Fourier converter 510 .

[0350] As described above, the variables Y, Z and L should be set so that the variable X is a positive integer. According to one example, the variables Y, Z and L can be set by the human-machine interface HCI 210, 210S (see, for example Figure 1 and / or Figure 5 and / or Figure 15 As described above, the resulting integer X can indicate the number of revolutions of the monitored roller mill housing 20 during which the digital signals S(j) and P(j) are analyzed by the FFT 510. Thus, based on the settings of the variables Y, Z, and L, the FFT 510 can generate a value X that indicates the analysis duration of the measurement session, and after the measurement session, the FFT 510 delivers a set of state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r).

[0351] The concept "r" in the state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r) represents a point in time. It should be noted that there may be a time delay between receiving the first pair of input signals S(j), P(j) at the input of FFT 510 and transmitting the pair of state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r) from FFT 510. The pair of state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r) can be based on a time sequence of the input signal pair S(j), P(j). The duration of the time sequence of the input signal pair S(j), P(j) should include at least two consecutive position signal values ​​P(j) = 1 and the corresponding input signal pair.

[0352] As described below, the state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r) can also be referred to as C L and φ L As mentioned above Figure 2 As described above, the vibration signal S EA , S MD , S(j), S(r) will present a signal signature S indicating the impact of the protrusion with the toe 205 FIMP , and when there are L protrusions 310 in the housing 20 (see Figure 1 Combine Figure 15 and Figure 14 ), the signal signature S FIMP Will be repeated L times.

[0353] To convey an intuitive understanding of this signal processing, it may be helpful to consider the superposition principle and repetitive signals such as sinusoidal signals. Sinusoidal signals can exhibit amplitude values ​​and phase values. Briefly, the superposition principle, also known as the superposition property, states that for all linear systems, the net response caused by two or more stimuli at a given location and time is the sum of the responses caused by each stimulus individually. A sound wave is one such stimulus. Similarly, a vibration signal (e.g., including a signal signature S indicating the impact of a protrusion with the toe 205) FIMP The vibration signal S EA 、S MD , S(j), S(r)) is one of such stimuli. In fact, including the signal signature S FIMP The vibration signal S EA 、S MD , S(j), S(r) can be considered as a sum of sinusoidal signals, each of which exhibits an amplitude value and a phase value. In this regard, reference is made to the Fourier series (see equation 1 below):

[0354] n=∞

[0355] F(t)=∑C n sin(nωt+Φ n )

[0356] n = 0 (Equation 1)

[0357] in,

[0358] n = 0 The average value of the signal over a period of time (can be zero, but does not have to be zero)

[0359] n=1 corresponds to the fundamental frequency of the signal F(t).

[0360] n=2 corresponds to the first harmonic portion of the signal F(t).

[0361] ω=angular frequency, that is (2*π*f ROT )

[0362] f ROT = Case speed in cycles per second

[0363] t = time

[0364] φ n = Phase angle of the nth partial tone

[0365] C n = the amplitude of the nth partial

[0366] From the Fourier series above, it can be concluded that the time signal can be considered as the superposition of multiple sinusoidal signals.

[0367] A harmonic is any frequency greater than the fundamental frequency of a signal. In the example above, it should be noted that the fundamental frequency would be f ROT , i.e., the shell rotation speed, because the FFT 510 receives the marker signal value P(j)=1 only once for each rotation of the shell 20 (see, for example, Figure 14 ).

[0368] Using the Fourier analysis model, the fundamental frequency and its overtones are collectively referred to as partials. Harmonics, or more precisely, harmonic partials, are partials whose frequencies are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency (including the fundamental frequency, which is itself 1).

[0369] refer to Figure 15 1 above, the FFT 510 can deliver an amplitude value C with n=L n (r), namely C L (r) = Sp(r). FFT 510 can also deliver the phase angle of the partial tone (n = L), ie, φL(r) = FI(r).

[0370] Consider now an example where the mill housing has ten (10) protrusions 310 when it rotates at a speed of 10 revolutions per minute (rpm). A speed of 10 rpm means one rotation every 6 seconds, i.e., f ROT = 0,1667 rpm. With ten protrusions (i.e. L = 10) and f ROT = 0,1667 rpm, so that the repetition frequency f of the signal associated with the protrusion 310 is R is 1,667 Hz, because the repetition frequency f R is the 10th order frequency.

[0371] Position signals P(j), P(q) (see Figure 15 ) can be used as a reference signal for the digital measurement signals S(j) and S(r). According to some embodiments, when the FFT analyzer is configured to receive the reference signal, i.e., the position signals P(j) and P(q), once per rotation of the rotating housing 20, the settings of the FFT analyzer should meet the following criteria:

[0372] The integer value Oi is set equal to L, the number of protrusions in the housing 20, and

[0373] The settable variables Y and Z are selected so that the mathematical expression Oi*Z / Y becomes a positive integer. In other words: when the integer value Oi is set equal to L, then the settable variables Y and Z should be set to integer values ​​so that the variable X is a positive integer.

[0374] Where X = Oi*Z / Y

[0375] Y is the maximum order; and

[0376] Z is the number of bins in the spectrum produced by the FFT, and

[0377] Oi is the frequency of interest, expressed as an integer of order, and where f ROT is the frequency of order 1, i.e. the fundamental frequency. In other words, the speed f of the housing 20 is ROT is the fundamental frequency, and L is the number of protrusions in the housing 20 .

[0378] Using the above settings, the integer value Oi is set equal to L, and referring to the above Figure 15 and Equation 1, FFT510 can deliver n = L amplitude value C n , that is, C L =Sp(r). FFT 510 can also deliver the phase angle of the part (n=L), i.e., φ L =FI(r).

[0379] Therefore, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the rotating housing 20 rotates once, the FFT 510 receives the position reference signal P(j), P(q) once, and the FFT analyzer can be configured to generate a peak amplitude value C of the signal. L , the repetition frequency of the signal f R is the L-order frequency, where L is the number of equally spaced protrusions 310 in the rotating housing 20. Referring to the discussion above regarding Equation 1 in this disclosure, the repetition frequency f R The amplitude of the signal with the L-order frequency can be called C n , where n = L, i.e. C L . Refer to Equation 1 and Figure 15 , you can pass the amplitude value C L , as the peak amplitude value, in Figure 15 It is represented as Sp(r).

[0380] Referring again to Equation 1 above, in the present disclosure, its repetition frequency f may be conveyed as R is the phase angle value φ of the signal of L-order frequency L , as a time indication value, which indicates the impact force F IMP The duration T between the appearance of the rotation reference position of the rotating housing and the appearance of the rotation reference position of the rotating housing D1 .

[0381] Therefore, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the FFT 510 receives the position reference signals P(j), P(q) once every time the rotating housing 20 rotates once, the FFT analyzer can be configured to generate a repetition frequency f R is the phase angle value φ of the signal of L-order frequency L , where L is the number of equally spaced protrusions 310 in the rotating housing 20 .

[0382] Therefore, using the above settings, the integer value Oi is set equal to L, and referring to the above Figure 15 Using Equation 1, FFT 510 can generate a phase angle value φ L .

[0383] Combine Figure 1 refer to Figure 15 , state value Sp(r)=C L and FI(r)=φ L The displayed analysis results may include information indicating the internal status of the tumbling process, for enabling the operator 230 to control the tumbling machine.

[0384] Figure 16 is a diagram of an example of a visual indication of an analysis result. According to one example, the visual indication of the analysis result may include providing a polar coordinate system 520. A polar coordinate system is a two-dimensional coordinate system in which each point on a plane is determined by a distance from a reference point 530 and an angle from a reference direction 540. The reference point 530 (analogous to the origin of a Cartesian coordinate system) is called the pole 530, and the ray from the pole in the reference direction is the polar axis. The distance to the pole is called the radial coordinate, radial distance or simply radius, and the angle is called the angular coordinate, polar angle or azimuth. According to one example, the amplitude value Sp(r) is used as the radius, the time relationship value FI(r), φ(r), T D Used as angular coordinate.

[0385] In this manner, by providing the internal status indicator object 550 on the display 210S, the internal status of the monitored roller mill ( Figure 16 Combine Figure 1 ). Figure 16 Combine Figure 1 and Figure 14 It may help to understand the following example.

[0386] Thus, one example relates to an electronic roller mill monitoring system 150, 210S for generating and displaying information related to a grinding process in a roller mill 10 having a housing 20 that rotates at a rotational speed f ROT Rotates about axis 60 for grinding material charge 30 by tumbling the material charge in a rotating housing. Example monitoring system 150 includes:

[0387] a computer-implemented method of representing on a screen display 210S the internal state of the grinding process in the roller mill,

[0388] The method includes:

[0389] Displayed on the screen display 210S

[0390] Polar coordinate system 520, the polar coordinate system 520 having

[0391] Reference point (O, 530), and

[0392] Reference directions (0°, 360°, 540°); and

[0393] The first internal state indicator object (550, S P1 , T D1 ), which indicates the internal state of the grinding process, has a first radius (Sp(r), S P1 ), and has a first polar angle (FI(r), φ(r), T relative to the reference direction (0°, 360°, 540°) D , T D1 ),

[0394] The first radius (Sp(r), S P1 ) indicates the impact force (F) generated when the protrusion (310) on the inner shell surface of the rotating shell interacts with the toe 205 of the charge material (30) IMP ),and

[0395] The first polar angle (F1(r), φ(r), T D , T D1 ) indicates the position of the toe 205 between the two protrusions 310 in the rotating housing 20.

[0396] As described above, the state parameter extractor 450 can be configured to generate a continuous pair of state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r). The state parameter extractor 450 can also generate time derivative values ​​of the state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r), respectively. This can be done, for example, by subtracting the most recent previous state value Sp(r-1) from the most recent state value Sp(r) divided by the duration between the two values. Similarly, the numerical derivative of the internal state value FI can be obtained. Therefore, derivative values ​​dSp(r) and dFI(r) can be generated. The derivative values ​​dSp(r) and dFI(r) can be used to indicate the first internal state indicator object (550, S P1 , T D1 ) movement.

[0397] Figure 17 and Figure 18 is another example of a visual indication of analysis results. Figure 17 and 18, the derivative value can be used to display an arrow 560 on the screen display 210S, the arrow 560 originating from the first internal state indicator object (550, S P1 , T D1 ) and has an extension that depends on the magnitude of the derivative value. In other words, the absence of arrow 560 means that the internal state is stable and has not changed over a period of time. Figure 18 The arrow in 560 is Figure 17 The arrow 560 is long, indicating Figure 18 The internal state of the grinder shown in Figure 17 The internal state of the grinder shown in changes more rapidly.

[0398] Figure 19A and Figure 19B Another example of a visual indication based on the analysis result of the internal state of the roller mill 10 is shown. A recent internal state indicator object 550(r) indicates the current internal state of the mill 10. Another internal state indicator object 550(r-1) indicates the most recent previous internal state of the mill 10.

[0399] The internal state indicator object 550(1) shown as a small hollow circle indicates the internal state of the mill 10, which is almost empty. It should be noted that when the roller mill is started from the no-load state, the initial internal state indicator object appears at the initial polar angle φ(1), which represents the first detected toe position of the mill. Figure 19A and Figure 19B , starting from the small hollow circle 550(1), the first thirty-one (31) detected toe positions are represented as hollow circles. Based on experimental measurements, it seems that the initial polar angle φ(1) can be used as a reference toe position value. Therefore, the initial polar angle φ(1) can be called the reference toe position value φ TR . For its internal state is Figure 19A and Figure 19B For the particular roller mill represented by the display 210S shown, the reference toe position corresponds to an angle value φ of approximately 47°. TR ,like Figure 19A and Figure 19B shown.

[0400] The first thirty-one (31) detected toe positions are represented by hollow circles, and the subsequent sequence of toe positions are represented by shaded circles, one of which is in Figure 19A It is represented as 550(p). Figure 19A The shaded circles in FIG. 3 indicate that the filling degree of the mill housing 20 is higher than the filling degree indicated by the open circles. Figure 19AThe solid black circles in φ represent higher filling levels of the mill housing 20 than the shaded circles. Thus, it should be noted that the initial lowest detected filling level appears to be represented by a relatively small radius, i.e., a low peak amplitude value Sp at the initial polar angle φ(1).

[0401] refer to Figure 19A , the gradually increasing detected toe position FI(r) and the correspondingly increasing filling degree of the mill housing 20 present an image of a spiral arm rotating outward in the counterclockwise direction starting from the first internal state indicator object 550(1), as shown Figure 19A As shown by the curved arrow 560A in FIG.

[0402] In this way, the current internal state of the roller mill 20 can be represented and visualized so that it is intuitively meaningful to the operator 230 of the mill system 5. It should be noted that although Figure 17 As shown, the display of a single internal state indicator object 550 indicates the current internal state or the most recently detected internal state of the mill 10, but as shown in FIG. Figure 19A As shown, the display of the time progression of the internal state indicator object ranging from the initial state 550 (1) via intermediate states (e.g., 550 (p) and 550 (r-1) to 550 (r)) represents the current internal state 550 (r) and the history of several earlier internal states 550 (p), 550 (p+1), 550 (r-1) of the mill 10.

[0403] In other words, the gradually increasing polar angle F1(r) and the gradually increasing radius S p (r) in combination, presents an image of a spiral arm rotating outward from the first internal state indicator object 550(1), as shown in FIG. Figure 19A The "angular length" of the spiral arm from the initial polar angle φ(1) of the first internal state indicator object 550(1) to the current or most recently detected toe position FI(r) appears to indicate the absolute toe position 205 (e.g., see Figure 2 and Figure 14 ). In this regard, it should be noted that Figure 19A 360° in the polar coordinate system 520 corresponds to two adjacent protrusions (e.g., Figure 2 100% of the distance between the leading edges of 312C and 312D).

[0404] Example of a speed change phase state parameter extractor

[0405] As mentioned above, if the roller mill housing 20 is variable Speed ​​f ROTThe analysis of the measured data is more complicated if the mill housing rotates. In fact, it seems that even very small changes in the rotational speed of the mill housing can have a significant negative impact on the quality of the detected signal in terms of the tailing effect. Therefore, the rotational speed f of the mill housing 20 is ROT Very precise detection of the velocity seems to be crucial, and precise compensation for any speed changes also seems to be crucial.

[0406] refer to Figure 15 , the housing speed detector 500 may transmit a signal indicating when the rotational speed changes, such as in conjunction with Figure 9 As discussed. Again refer to Figure 15 , signals S(j) and P(j) and speed value f ROT (j) may be transmitted to a speed variation compensation decimator 470. The speed variation compensation decimator 470 may also be referred to as a fractional decimator. The decimator 470 is configured to calculate the fractional decimator based on the received speed value f. ROT (j) Extracting the digital measurement signal S MD According to an example, the decimator 470 is configured to decimate the digital measurement signal S by a variable decimation factor D. MD , based on the variable speed value f during the measurement session ROT (j) Adjusting the variable decimation factor D. Thus, the compensation decimator 470 is configured to generate a decimated quantity vibration signal S MDR , such that the number of sample values ​​per rotation of the rotating shell remains constant, or remains substantially constant, when the rotational speed varies. According to some embodiments, the number of sample values ​​per rotation of the rotating shell is considered to be a substantially constant value when the number of sample values ​​per rotation varies by less than 5%. According to a preferred embodiment, the number of sample values ​​per rotation of the rotating shell is considered to be a substantially constant value when the number of sample values ​​per rotation varies by less than 1%. According to a most preferred embodiment, the number of sample values ​​per rotation of the rotating shell is considered to be a substantially constant value when the number of sample values ​​per rotation varies by less than 0.2%.

[0407] therefore, Figure 15 The embodiment includes a fractional decimator 470 for decimating the sampling rate by a decimation factor D = N / U, where U and N are both positive integers. Thus, the fractional decimator 470 advantageously decimates the sampling rate. Thus, the speed variation compensated decimator 470 is operable to decimate the signals S(j) and P(j) and f by a fraction D = N / U. ROT(j). According to one embodiment, the values ​​of U and N can be selected within the range of 2 to 2000. According to one embodiment, the values ​​of U and N can be selected within the range of 500 to 1500. According to yet another embodiment, the values ​​of U and N can be selected within the range of 900 to 1100. In this document, it should be noted that the context of the term "fraction" is as follows: a fraction (from the Latin fractus, "to break") represents a part of a whole, or more generally, any number of equal parts. In a positive common fraction, both the numerator and the denominator are natural numbers. The numerator represents a number of equal parts, and the denominator represents how many parts make up a unit or a whole. A common fraction is a quantity that represents a rational number. The same quantity can also be expressed as a decimal, a percentage, or a negative exponent. For example, 0.01, 1%, and 10-2 are all equal to the fraction 1 / 100. Therefore, the fraction D=N / U can be considered an inverse fraction.

[0408] Therefore, the resulting signal S delivered by the fractional decimator 470 is MDR With sampling rate:

[0409] f SR =f S / D=f S *U / N

[0410] Among them, f S is the signal S received by the fractional decimator 470 RED The sampling rate.

[0411] The fractional value U / N depends on the speed control signal received at input port 490. The speed control signal may be a signal indicating the speed of rotation of the rotating housing f ROT signal.

[0412] The variable decimator value D of the decimator can be set to D=f S / f SR , where f S is the initial sampling rate of the A / D converter, f SR is the vibration signal S that indicates the number of samples to be extracted MDR For example, when there are twelve (12) protrusions to be monitored in the mill housing, the set point value f SR It can be set to 768 samples per revolution, that is, the number of samples per revolution is set to the number of extracted vibration signals S MDR The compensation decimator 470 is configured to oscillate the signal S by the decimated amount. MDR The position signal P(q) is generated at regular intervals that depend on the set point value f SR For example, when f SRWhen set to 768 samples per revolution, the position signal P(q) can be transmitted once every 768 samples of the extracted vibration signal S(q).

[0413] Therefore, the sampling frequency f of the output data value R(q) SR (also known as f SR2 ) than the input sampling frequency f S Lower by a factor D. The factor D can be set to any number greater than 1 and can be a fraction, as discussed elsewhere in this disclosure. According to a preferred embodiment, the factor D can be set to a value between 1.0 and 20.0. In a preferred embodiment, the factor D is a fraction that can be set to a value between about 1.3 and about 3.0. The factor D can be obtained by setting the integers U and N to appropriate values. The factor D is equal to N divided by U:

[0414] D=N / U

[0415] According to one embodiment, integers U and N can be set to large integers so that the factor D = N / U can track speed changes with minimal error. Selecting variables U and N as integers greater than 1000 facilitates high accuracy when adjusting the output sampling frequency to track changes in the rotational speed of the housing 20. Thus, for example, if N is set to 500 and U is set to 1001, D = 2,002.

[0416] The variable D is set to a suitable value at the start of the measurement and this value is associated with the specific rotational speed of the rotating component to be monitored. Thereafter, during the measurement session, the fractional value D is automatically adjusted in response to the rotational speed of the rotating component to be monitored so that the output signal S MDR A substantially constant number of sample values ​​is provided per revolution of the rotating housing.

[0417] Figure 20 is a block diagram of one example of a compensated decimator 470. This example of a compensated decimator is designated 470B.

[0418] The compensation extractor 470B may include a memory 604 adapted to receive and store data values ​​S(j) and corresponding rotational speeds f of the rotating mill housing being monitored. ROT Therefore, the memory 604 can store each data value S(j) so that it corresponds to the sensor signal S corresponding to the data value S(j). EA The monitored mill housing speed f ROT (j) is associated with the value. Refer to the above Figure 7-13 Describes the corresponding speed value f ROT (j) Provision of the associated data value S(j).

[0419] The compensation decimator 470B receives a signal having a sampling frequency fSR1 The signal S MD , as a sequence of data values ​​S(j) and transmits at its output 590 a data signal with a reduced sampling frequency f SR The output signal S MDR , as a sequence of another number of data values ​​R(q).

[0420] The compensation extractor 470B may include a memory 604 adapted to receive and store data values ​​S(j) and corresponding rotational speeds f of the rotating mill housing being monitored. ROT The memory 604 may store data values ​​S(j) in blocks such that each block is associated with a value indicating the associated rotational speed of the mill housing being monitored, as described below in conjunction with Figure 21 As stated.

[0421] The compensation extractor 470B may further include a compensation extraction variable generator 606 adapted to generate a compensation value D. The compensation value D may be a floating point number. Thus, in response to the received speed value f ROT , the compensation number can be controlled as a floating point value so that the floating point value indicates the speed value f with a certain inaccuracy ROT As mentioned above, when implemented by a suitably programmed DSP, the inaccuracy of floating point values ​​may depend on the DSP's ability to generate floating point values.

[0422] Furthermore, the compensation decimator 470B may further include an FIR filter 608. In this regard, the acronym FIR stands for Finite Impulse Response. The FIR filter 608 is a low-pass FIR filter having a specific low-pass cutoff frequency, adapted to reduce the power consumption by a factor D. MAX Extract. Factor D MAX It can be set to a suitable value, for example, 20,000. In addition, the compensation decimator 470B may further include a filter parameter generator 610.

[0423] Reference below Figure 21 and 22 describe the operation of the compensation extractor 470B.

[0424] Figure 21 It shows the operation Figure 20 Flowchart of an embodiment of a method of compensating sampler 470B.

[0425] In a first step S2000, the rotational speed f of the mill housing to be monitored is ROT is recorded in the memory 604 ( Figure 20 and Figure 21 ), and this can be done at substantially the same time as the start of the vibration measurement. According to another example, the rotational speed of the mill housing to be monitored is measured over a period of time. Maximum detection speed f ROTmax and minimum detection speed fROTmin It can be recorded in, for example, the memory 604 ( Figure 20 and Figure 21 ).

[0426] In step S2010 , the recorded speed values ​​are analyzed to determine whether the rotation speed has changed.

[0427] In step S2020, the user interface 210, 210S displays the recorded speed value f RO Or speed value f ROTmin 、f ROTmax , and requests the user to input the desired sequence value Oi. As mentioned above, the mill housing rotation frequency f ROT This is often referred to as "1st order." An interesting signal might occur ten times per revolution of the mill housing (10th order). Furthermore, it might be interesting to analyze the overtones of some signals, so it might be interesting to measure signals up to 100th order, 500th order, or even higher. Thus, the user can input the order Oi using the user interface 210, 210S.

[0428] In step S2030, determine the appropriate output sampling rate f SR In the present disclosure, the output sampling rate f SR Can also be called f SR2 According to one embodiment, the output sampling rate f SR is set to f SR =C*Oi*f ROTmin ,

[0429] in,

[0430] C is a constant with a value greater than 2,0,

[0431] Oi is a quantity that indicates the relationship between the rotational speed of the mill housing being monitored and the repetition frequency of the signal to be analyzed.

[0432] f ROTmin is the lowest rotational speed of the monitored mill housing to be expected during the upcoming measurement session. According to one embodiment, as described above, the value f ROTmin It is the lowest rotation speed detected in step S2020.

[0433] Considering the sampling theorem, the constant C may be selected to be 2.00 (two) or higher. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the constant C may be preset to a value between 2.40 and 2.70.

[0434] According to one embodiment, the factor C is advantageously chosen such that 100*C / 2 represents an integer. According to one embodiment, the factor C can be set to 2.56. Choosing C to be 2.56 results in 100*C=256=2 raised to the power of 8.

[0435] In step S2050 , the compensation extraction variable value D is determined. When the rotational speed of the monitored mill housing changes, the compensation extraction variable value D will change according to the instantaneously detected speed value.

[0436] According to one embodiment, the maximum compensation decimation variable value D MAX Set to D MAX =f ROTmax / f ROTmin The value of the minimum compensation extraction variable value D MIN is set to 1,0. After that, the actual speed value f ROT Perform instantaneous real-time measurements and set the instantaneous compensation value D accordingly.

[0437] f ROT is a value indicating the measured rotational speed of the rotating mill housing to be monitored.

[0438] In step S2060 , the actual measurement is started and the desired total duration of the measurement can be determined. The total duration of the measurement can be determined based on the desired number of revolutions X of the monitored mill housing.

[0439] When the measurement starts, the digital signal S MD is passed to the input 480 of the compensation decimator. In the following, the signal S is discussed in terms of a signal having sample values ​​S(j). MD , where j is an integer.

[0440] In step S2070, the data value S(j) is recorded in the memory 604, and each vibration data value S(j) is compared with the rotation speed value f ROT (j) Associated.

[0441] In the subsequent step S2080, the recorded rotational speed values ​​are analyzed and the recorded data values ​​S(j) are divided into data blocks according to the rotational speed values. In this manner, multiple blocks of data value blocks S(j) are generated, each of which is associated with a rotational speed value. The rotational speed value indicates the rotational speed of the monitored mill housing at the time that particular block of data value S(j) was recorded. The individual data blocks can have different sizes, i.e., each data block can store a different number of data values ​​S(j).

[0442] For example, if the monitored rotating mill housing is first moved at a first speed f during a first time period ROT1 rotates, and then, during a second, shorter period of time, changes speed to a second speed f ROT2 Rotation, the recorded data value S(j) can be divided into two data blocks, the first block of data values ​​and the first speed value f ROT1 The second data block value is associated with the second speed value fROT2 In this case, the second data block will contain fewer data values ​​than the first data block because the second time period is shorter.

[0443] According to one embodiment, when all recorded data values ​​S(j) have been divided into blocks, and all blocks have been associated with rotational speed values, the method proceeds to step S2090 .

[0444] In step S2090, the first block of data values ​​S(j) is selected and the corresponding speed value f is determined. ROT The compensation decimation value D is associated with the first block data value S(j). According to one embodiment, when all blocks have been associated with corresponding compensation decimation values ​​D, the method proceeds to step S2100. Therefore, the value of the compensation decimation value D is determined according to the speed f. ROT Make adjustments.

[0445] In step S2100, a block of data values ​​S(j) and associated compensated decimated values ​​D are selected, as described above in step S2090.

[0446] In step S2110 , a block of output values ​​R is generated in response to the selected block of input values ​​S and the associated compensated decimated values ​​D. This may be done as described with reference to FIG.

[0447] In step S2120, it is checked whether there are any remaining input data values ​​to be processed. If there is another block of input data values ​​to be processed, step S2100 is repeated. If there are no remaining blocks of input data values ​​to be processed, the measurement session is completed.

[0448] Figure 22A 、 Figure 22B and Figure 22C Shows the operation Figure 20 Flowchart of an embodiment of a method of compensating sampler 470B.

[0449] In step S2200, an input data value block S(j) and an associated specific compensation decimation value D are received. According to one embodiment, the received data is as above Figure 21 The input data values ​​S(j) in the received input data value block S are all associated with a specific compensation decimation value D.

[0450] In steps S2210 to S2390, the FIR filter 608 (see Figure 20 ) is applied to the specific compensation decimation value D received in step S2200 and generates a set of corresponding output signal values ​​R(q). This will be described in more detail below.

[0451] In step S2210, a filter setting suitable for a specific compensation decimation value D is selected. Figure 20 As mentioned, the FIR filter 608 is a low-pass FIR filter having a filter size suitable for filtering with a factor D. MAX A low-pass cutoff frequency at which decimation occurs. Factor D MAX Can be set to a suitable value, for example, 20.

[0452] Filter ratio F R is set to depend on the factor D MAX and the value of the specific compensation decimation value D received in step S2200. Step S2210 may be performed by the filter parameter generator 610 ( Figure 20 ) to execute.

[0453] In step S2220, a starting position value x is selected in the received input data block s(j). It should be noted that the starting position value x does not have to be an integer. The FIR filter 608 has a length F LENGTH , and then according to the filter length F LENGTH and filter ratio F R To select the starting position value x. The filter ratio FR is as set in step S2210 above. According to one embodiment, the starting position value x can be set to x:=F LENGTH / F R .

[0454] In step S2230, a filtered sum value SUM is prepared and set to an initial value, for example, SUM:=0,0.

[0455] In step S2240, a position j in the received input data that is adjacent to and preceding the position x is selected. The position j may be selected as an integer portion of x.

[0456] In step S2250, a position Fpos in the FIR filter is selected that corresponds to the selected position j in the received input data. The position Fpos may be a compensation amount. Relative to the middle position of the filter, the filter position Fpos may be determined as:

[0457] Fpos=[(xj)*F R ]

[0458] Among them, F R is the filtering ratio.

[0459] In step S2260, it is checked whether the determined filter position value Fpos is outside the allowed limit, i.e., points to a position outside the filter. If this is the case, the following step S2300 is performed. Otherwise, the following step S2270 is performed.

[0460] In step S2270, the filter values ​​are calculated by interpolation. It should be noted that adjacent filter coefficient values ​​in an FIR low-pass filter usually have similar values. Therefore, interpolation will be advantageously accurate. First, the integer position value IFpos is calculated:

[0461] IFpos:=integer part of Fpos

[0462] The filter value Fval at position Fpos will be:

[0463] Fval=A(IFpos)+[A(IFpos+1)-A(IFpos)]*[Fpos-IFpos]

[0464] where A(IFpos) and A(IFpos+1) are the values ​​in the reference filter and the filter position Fpos is the position between these values.

[0465] In step S2280, in response to the signal position j, an update of the filtered sum value SUM is calculated:

[0466] SUM:=SUM+Fval*S(j)

[0467] In step S2290, move to another signal position:

[0468] Set j:=j-1

[0469] Thereafter, go to step S2250.

[0470] In step 2300, a position j is selected in the received input data that is adjacent to position x and after position x. This position j can be selected as the integer part of x plus 1 (one), that is, j:=1+integer part of x.

[0471] In step S2310, a position is selected in the FIR filter corresponding to the selected position j in the received input data. The position Fpos may be a compensation amount. Relative to the middle position of the filter, the filter position Fpos may be determined as:

[0472] Fpos=[(jx)*F R ]

[0473] Among them, F R is the filtering ratio.

[0474] In step S2320, it is checked whether the determined filter position value Fpos is outside the allowed limit, i.e., points to a position outside the filter. If this is the case, the following step S2360 is performed. Otherwise, step S2330 is performed.

[0475] In step S2330, the filter values ​​are calculated by interpolation. It should be noted that adjacent filter coefficient values ​​in an FIR low-pass filter usually have similar values. Therefore, interpolation will be advantageously accurate. First, the integer position value IFpos is calculated:

[0476] IFpos:=integer part of Fpos

[0477] The filter value at position Fpos is:

[0478] Fval(Fpos)=A(IFpos)+[A(IFpos+1)-A(IFpos)]*[Fpos-IFpos]

[0479] where A(IFpos) and A(IFpos+1) are the values ​​in the reference filter and the filter position Fpos is the position between these values.

[0480] In step S2340, in response to the signal position j, an update of the filtered sum value SUM is calculated:

[0481] SUM:=SUM+Fval*S(j)

[0482] In step S2350, move to another signal position:

[0483] Set j: = j + 1

[0484] Thereafter, go to step S2310.

[0485] In step S2360, the output data value R(j) is transferred. The output data value R(j) may be transferred to the memory such that consecutive output data values ​​are stored in consecutive memory locations. The value of the output data value R(j) is:

[0486] R(j):=SUM

[0487] In step S2370, the position value x is updated:

[0488] x:=x+D

[0489] In step S2380, update the position value j

[0490] j:=j+1

[0491] In step S2390, it is checked whether the expected number of output data values ​​has been generated. If the expected number of output data values ​​has not been generated, then go to step S2230. If the expected number of output data values ​​has been generated, then go to step S2390. Figure 21 Step S2120 in the described method.

[0492] In practice, step S2390 is designed to ensure that an output signal value R(q) corresponding to the input data value block S received in step S2200 is generated, and when an output signal value R corresponding to the input data value S has been generated, the execution of Figure 21 Step S2120 in .

[0493] The method described with reference to FIG. 22 may be implemented as a computer program subroutine, and steps S2100 and S2110 may be implemented as a main program.

[0494] Figure 23 Another example of a cross-sectional view of the middle portion 98 of the rotating mill housing 20 during operation is shown. This view may be taken, for example, along Figure 1 According to the line AA. Figure 23 In the example of FIG. 5 , the roller mill housing 20 has six protrusions 310 configured to engage the material charge 30 when the housing is rotated about the axis 60 , ie, the number L=6. For clarity, Figure 23 The protrusions in the example are labeled 3101, 3102, 3103, 3104, 3105 and 3106 respectively.

[0495] A position sensor 170 is provided to generate a position signal E according to the rotational position of the housing 20. P As described above, the housing 20 is rotatable about the rotation axis 60 , and thus the position sensor 170 installed in a fixed manner can generate the position signal E P , the position signal has a series of shell position signal values ​​P S , used to indicate the instantaneous rotation position of the housing 20. Figure 23 As shown, a plurality of position marks 180 may be provided on the outer surface of the housing 20, so that when the housing 20 rotates about the rotation axis 60, several position marks 180 pass by the position sensor 170 in one rotation of the housing 20, and each mark 180 thereby causes the position sensor 170 to generate a rotation mark signal value Ps. According to one embodiment, L position marks 180 are provided on the housing 20, so that when the housing 20 rotates about the rotation axis 60, the position marks 1801...180 L Continuously passing through the position sensor 170, so that the position sensor 170 generates L rotation mark signal values ​​Ps in one rotation of the housing 20. Figure 23 In the illustrated embodiment, there are six protrusions 310 , ie, L=6, and six position marks 1801 , 1802 , 1803 , 1804 , 1805 and 1806 .

[0496] It is believed important that the arrangement of the position markings 180 in terms of angular position mirror the arrangement of the protrusions 310 on the inner surface 22 of the housing 20 in terms of angular position.

[0497] exist Figure 23 In the embodiment of FIG. 1 , L position marks 180 are positioned on the periphery of the housing 20 in an equidistant manner, so that the position sensor 170 generates a mark signal Ps every 360 / L° during the rotation of the housing 20. In this case, it should be noted that Figure 23 In the embodiment, the L-shaped protrusions 3101, 3102, 3103, 3104, 3105 and 310 L The protrusions 310 are positioned on the inner surface 22 of the housing 20 in an equidistant manner. It is believed that the equidistant positions of the protrusions 310 and the equidistant positions of the position marks 180 are important for some embodiments of the present disclosure. This is believed to be important for some embodiments of the present disclosure because the position marks 180 cause the generation of a position reference signal value and the protrusions 310 cause the generation of a signal event, such as an amplitude peak, in the vibration signal when engaging material in the rotating mill charge (see reference S). EA 、S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q), for example, in Figure 1 and Figure 15 In addition, the duration between the occurrence of the position reference signal value and the occurrence of the signal event in the vibration signal can be indicative of an internal state of the operating mill, as discussed elsewhere in this disclosure, which duration is caused by the protrusion 310 engaging material in the charge of the rotating mill housing. For example, the duration between the occurrence of the position reference signal value and the occurrence of the signal event in the vibration signal can be indicative of an internal state, such as the position of the toe 205, which duration is caused by the protrusion 310 engaging material in the charge of the rotating mill housing.

[0498] However, the actual placement of the position mark 180 relative to the position of the protrusion 310 is considered to be less important. Figure 23 The position marks 180 are shown as being positioned at the same angular position as the protrusions 310, but it should be noted that the position marks 180 may also be displaced in terms of angular position. However, if the position marks 180 are displaced in terms of angular position, it is believed that it is important that all position marks 180 are displaced equally to maintain the mutually equidistant positions of the position marks 180. More specifically, it is believed that it is important that the angular position arrangement of the position marks 180 mirrors the angular position arrangement of the protrusions 310 on the inner surface 22 of the housing 20.

[0499] As mentioned above, combined Figure 19A and Figure 19B, it has been observed that when the roller mill is started from an empty state, the initial internal state indicator object appears at an initial polar angle φ(1), which represents the first detected toe position 205 of the mill. Based on experimental measurements, it seems that the initial polar angle φ(1) can be used as a reference toe position value. Therefore, the initial polar angle φ(1) can be referred to as the reference toe position value φ TR . For its internal state is Figure 19A and Figure 19B For the particular roller mill represented by the display 210S shown, the reference toe position corresponds to an angle value φ of approximately 47°. TR ,like Figure 19A and Figure 19B Reference Figure 2 and Figure 14 It is believed that if the position marker 180 is physically moved to a different position in terms of angular position, the reference toe position value φ TR The angle value of will change to a numerically different angle value.

[0500] like Figure 23 The illustrated arrangement of the rotating mill housing 20 may be used in conjunction with the state parameter extractor 450 exemplified in the present disclosure. Figure 15 ,like Figure 23 As shown, the arrangement of the rotating mill housing 20 can be used to generate a marker signal P(i), which is transmitted to the housing speed value generator 500. Therefore, during the rotation of the housing 20, the housing speed value generator 500 will receive a marker signal P(i) having a position indicator signal value every 360 / L°. Therefore, when the rotation speed f ROT When the speed is constant, the fast Fourier transformer 510 receives the flag signal value P(j)=1 from the speed value generator 500 every 360 / L° during the rotation of the housing 20. ROT When changing, during the rotation of the housing 20, the fast Fourier converter 510 will receive the marker signal value P(q)=1 from the extractor 470, 470B every 360 / L degrees.

[0501] Furthermore, when the speed value generator 500 receives a marker signal P(i) having a position indication signal value (e.g., P(i)=1) every 360 / L° during the rotation of the housing 20, the speed value generator 500 will be able to generate an even more accurate speed value f ROT (j).

[0502] As for the appropriate setting of the FFT 510 when a signal with a marker value P(j)=1 is received every 360 / L° during the rotation of the housing 20, this means that the fundamental frequency will be the repetition frequency f R .

[0503] As above about Figure 2As described above, the vibration signal S EA 、S MD , S(j), S(q) will present a signal signature S FIMP , which indicates the impact of the protrusion with the toe 205, and when there are L protrusions 310 in the housing 20 (see Figure 23 Combined with the following equation 2), the signal signature S FIMP Will be repeated L times.

[0504] Referring again to the Fourier series (see equation 2 below):

[0505] n=∞

[0506] F(t)=∑C n sin(nωt+Φ n )

[0507] n = 0 (Equation 2)

[0508] in,

[0509] n = 0 The average value of the signal over a period of time (can be zero, but does not have to be zero)

[0510] n = 1 corresponds to the fundamental frequency of the signal F(t)

[0511] n=2 corresponds to the first harmonic part of the signal F(t)

[0512] ω = angular frequency of interest, i.e. (2*π*f R )

[0513] f R = frequency of interest, expressed in cycles per second

[0514] t = time

[0515] φ n = Phase angle of the nth partial tone

[0516] C n = the amplitude of the nth partial

[0517] In this embodiment, it should be noted that when the FFT 510 receives a marker signal value P(j)=1 every 360 / L° during the rotation of the housing 20 , the fundamental frequency will be one per protrusion 310 .

[0518] As mentioned above, the setting of FFT 510 should take into account the reference signal. As mentioned above, the position signals P(j), P(q) (see Figure 15 ) can be used as a reference signal for the digital measurement signals S(j) and S(q).

[0519] According to some embodiments, when the FFT analyzer is configured to receive reference signals, i.e., position signals P(j), P(q), every 360 / L° during the rotation of the housing 20, and L is the number of protrusions 310 in the housing 20, the settings of the FFT analyzer should meet the following criteria:

[0520] The integer value Oi is set to one, i.e. equal to 1, and

[0521] The settable variables Y and Z are selected so that the mathematical expression Oi*Z / Y becomes a positive integer. In other words: when the integer value Oi is set equal to 1, then the settable variables Y and Z should be set to integer values ​​so that the variable X is a positive integer.

[0522] Where X = Oi*Z / Y

[0523] Using the above settings, the integer value Oi is set equal to 1, and referring to the above Figure 15 According to equation 2, FFT 510 can deliver the magnitude value C with n=1. n , i.e., C1 = Sp(r). FFT 510 can also deliver the phase angle of the fundamental frequency (n=1), i.e., φ1 = FI(r).

[0524] Combine Figure 1 and Equation 2 above Figure 15 , the state values ​​Sp(r)=C1 and FI(r)=φ1 can be transmitted to the human machine interface (HCI) 210 for providing a visual indication of the analysis results. As described above, the displayed analysis results can include information indicating the internal state of the tumbling process for enabling the operator 230 to control the tumbling machine.

[0525] refer to Figure 16 、 Figure 17 、 Figure 18 、 Figure 19A and Figure 19B , example illustrations of visual indications of analysis results are available for the configuration of a rotating mill housing 20, as shown Figure 23 As shown, the FFT 510 will receive marking signals P(i), P(j), P(q) having position indication signal values ​​every 360 / L°, where L is the number of protrusions 310 in the housing 20.

[0526] While the above discussion of the configuration of the FFT 510 involves Fourier series and Equations 1 and 2 for the purpose of conveying an intuitive understanding of the context of the configuration of the FFT transformer 510, it should be noted that the use of digital signal processing may involve a discrete Fourier transform (see Equation 3 below):

[0527] Equation 3:

[0528]

[0529] Thus, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the aforementioned discrete Fourier transform (DFT) may be included in signal processing for generating data indicative of the internal state of the roller mill, such as discussed in conjunction with the embodiment of the state parameter extractor 450. In this regard, reference is made to, for example, Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 15 and / or Figure 24 In view of the above discussion of the subject of FFT and Fourier series, the Discrete Fourier Transform will not be discussed in further detail as it is very familiar to the skilled reader of this disclosure.

[0530] although Figure 23 It is shown that a plurality of position marks 180 may be provided on the outer surface of the housing 20, each mark 180 thereby causing the position sensor 170 to generate a rotational mark signal value Ps, but it should be noted that such a position signal may alternatively be generated by an encoder 170 mechanically coupled to the rotating mill housing 20. Thus, the position sensor 170 may be implemented by an encoder 170 that is mechanically coupled to the rotating mill housing 20 such that during rotation of the mill housing 20, the encoder generates, for example, one mark signal Ps on each protrusion 310 in the rotating housing 20.

[0531] In summary, with respect to the FFT 510 and the appropriate settings of Equations 1 and 2 above, it should be noted that the phase angle of the nth partial tone (i.e., φ n ) can indicate the relative position of the toe 205. In particular, the phase angle of the nth partial (i.e., φ n ) may indicate the position of the toe 205, expressed as a fraction of the distance between two adjacent protrusions 310 in the rotating housing 20. Referring to Table 6 above and Figure 14 , the total distance between two adjacent protrusions can be considered as 360°, and the phase angle value of the nth partial tone (i.e. φ n ) divided by 360° can indicate a percentage of the total distance between two adjacent protrusions. This can be seen, for example, by comparing column #2 in Table 5 and Table 6 above. As mentioned above, φ n = Phase angle of the nth partial, C n = amplitude of the nth partial tone. As described above, taking into account the number L of protrusions in the rotating housing 20 and the number of reference signals generated and the resulting order Oi of the signal of interest, the FFT 510 can be set to deliver the phase angle φ of the nth partial tone n and the amplitude C of the nth partial n , so that the phase angle of the nth partial tone (i.e. φ n) may indicate the relative position of the toe 205. Furthermore, as described above, the FFT 510 may be configured such that the variable X is a positive integer, where

[0532] X=Oi*Z / Y

[0533] And among them,

[0534] Oi is set to an integer value,

[0535] Y is set to an integer value,

[0536] Z is set to an integer value.

[0537] Figure 24 A schematic top view of another system 700 including a roller mill 10 is shown. For example, the roller mill 10 can be an autogenous (AG) mill. Alternatively, the roller mill 10 can be a semi-autogenous (SAG) mill. Another example roller mill 10 is a ball mill 10. The roller mill 10 includes a housing 20 having an interior housing surface 22 that forms a chamber 25 for grinding material. Figure 24 The roller mill system 700 can be configured as described in any other embodiment described in this specification, for example, with respect to the above Figure 1-23 However, despite Figure 1 The roller mill system is described as having a vibration sensor 70 on the input side of the mill, but it should be noted that Figure 24 The roller mill system 700 can be configured with

[0538] For generating a first measurement signal S EAIN The first vibration sensor 70 IN as well as

[0539] For generating the second measurement signal S EAOUT The second vibration sensor 70 OUT .

[0540] By the first vibration sensor 70 IN The first measurement signal S generated EAIN The signal processing of the signal S may be as described in any other embodiment of the present disclosure. EA As described, for example, regarding the above Figure 1-Figure 23 Similarly, the second vibration sensor 70 OUT The generated second measurement signal S EAOUT The signal processing of the signal S may be as described in any other embodiment of the present disclosure. EA As described, for example, regarding the above Figure 1-23 Therefore, compared with the above embodiment, the difference is that, in the system 700, based on the first measurement signal SEAIN provides data indicative of the internal state of the input side of the roller mill and based on the second measurement signal S EAOUT Provides data indicating the internal state of the output side of the roller mill. Thus, regarding the provision of position signals or reference signals, Figure 24 The roller mill system 700 can be configured as described in any of the above embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0541] Figure 24 The analysis device 150 shown may include a first state parameter extractor 4501 and a second state parameter extractor 4502. The state parameter extractors 4501 and 4502 may operate as described in any of the above embodiments, for example, with reference to Figure 5 and / or 15. Therefore, the first state parameter extractor 4501 can be configured to generate the parameter S P1 (r), R T1 (r), f ROT (r), dS P1 (r) and dR T1 (r).

[0542] Similarly, the second state parameter extractor 4502 may be configured to generate the parameter S P2 (r), R T2 (r), f ROT (r), dS P2 (r) and dR T2 (r). However, the rotational speed of the housing f ROT (r) is of course the same, so if a state parameter extractor delivers the speed value f ROT (r) is enough.

[0543] refer to Figure 24 , shows a Cartesian coordinate system having three mutually perpendicular axes X, Y and Z. It will be appreciated that during operation of the mill 10, the material 30 travels in the positive direction of the X axis from the input side 80 to the output side 90 of the mill.

[0544] Figure 24 The roller mill system 700 advantageously provides a parameter indicating the internal state of the input side of the roller mill: S P1 (r), R T1 (r), dS P1 (r) and dR T1 (r), and a parameter indicating the internal state of the output side of the roller mill: S P2 (r), R T2 (r), dS P2 (r) and dR T2 (r).

[0545] Comparison of input-side parameters with corresponding output-side parameters can advantageously add another dimension to the understanding of the internal state of the mill 10. For example, R T2 (r) and R T1 The relationship between (r) shows that

[0546] - the toe position is the same on both the input and output sides, or

[0547] -The toe position is higher on the input side, when R T1 (r)>R T2 (r) when instructed; or

[0548] -The toe position is higher on the output side, when R T2 (r)>R T1 (r) indicates when

[0549] A higher toe position on the output side may indicate an incipient abnormality. For example, when the outflow of output material 95 decreases, perhaps due to a blockage, while the inflow of solid material 110 continues at an unreduced rate, the risk of overloading will increase, which may lead to a reduction in the efficiency of the grinding process in the roller mill. Therefore, Figure 24 The roller mill system 700 can advantageously provide early indication of incipient anomalies. Thus, based on a comparison of input-side parameters with corresponding output-side parameters, the roller mill system 700 can adjust control parameters to avoid anomalies, such as mill overload.

[0550] refer to Figure 24 It should be noted that the vibration sensor 70 OUT connected to the non-rotating portion of the body of the mill structure 10 and the vibration sensor 70 OUT Positioned to detect vibrations primarily in the horizontal direction Y (see a Cartesian coordinate system with three mutually perpendicular axes X, Y and Z, where Y is the horizontal direction). Likewise, the vibration sensor 70 IN connected to the non-rotating portion of the body of the mill structure 10 and the vibration sensor 70 IN Positioned to detect vibrations primarily in the horizontal direction Y. Experimental measurements appear to indicate that improved vibration signal quality is obtained when the vibration sensor is configured to detect vibrations primarily in the horizontal direction Y, compared to the vibration signal quality obtained when the vibration sensor is configured to detect vibrations primarily in the vertical direction Z. As described above, for example, in combination Figure 2 , the protrusion 310 interacts with the toe 205 of the charge, forcing the material in the toe of the charge to accelerate in the direction of motion of the protrusion 310, as shown Figure 2 As shown, the mechanical vibration V IMP The impact of the protrusion 310C on the mass of material in the toe 205 causes the mass of material in the toe to be moved at the time of the motion of the protrusion 310C. ACCThe acceleration in the direction of the protrusion 310C causes a force F on the leading edge surface of the protrusion 310C. IMP Since the mass of the solid material in the charge 30 of the mill is in metric tons, the impact force F IMP However, since the mill structure will typically rest on a very hard floor surface which tends to attenuate vibrations in the vertical direction, it would appear that vibration detection in the horizontal direction Y provides improved vibration signal quality.

[0551] Figure 25 A schematic top view of another embodiment of a system 720 including a tumble mill 10 is shown.

[0552] Figure 25 The roller mill system 720 can be combined with Figure 24 However, despite Figure 24 The roller mill system 700 is depicted as having a vibration sensor 70 connected to a non-rotating portion of the body of the grinding structure 10. OUT and a vibration sensor 70 connected to another non-rotating portion of the body of the grinding structure 10 IN ,but Figure 25 The roller mill system 720 is different in that it provides a vibration sensor 70 connected to the rotating shell 20 of the grinding structure 10. 20 .like Figure 25 As shown, a vibration sensor 70 is directly provided on the rotating housing 20. 20 will generate high amplitude, especially when the vibration sensor 70 20 Located on the exterior of the housing, directly on the side of the housing wall opposite the protrusion 310 .

[0553] Figure 25 The tumbler system 720 may optionally include:

[0554] For generating a first measurement signal S EAIN The first vibration sensor 70 20IN as well as

[0555] For generating the second measurement signal S EAOUT The second vibration sensor 70 20OUT .like Figure 25 As shown, the first vibration sensor 70 20IN The second vibration sensor 70 may be firmly connected to the outer surface of the housing 20 at a position closer to the input side 80 than the output side 90. 20OUT It may be securely connected to the outer surface of the housing 20 at a position closer to the output side 90 than to the input side 80 .

[0556] First vibration sensor 70 20INand the second vibration sensor 70 20OUT The sensors 70 on the outer surface of the housing 20 may be configured to communicate wirelessly with the device 150, for example via transceiver units 740 and 750, respectively. 20 , 70 20IN , 70 20OUT The power supply may be via a battery, or alternatively, via an induction device (not shown) attached to the outer surface of the rotating housing 20, which operates as a generator by interacting with one or more fixed permanent magnets. In this manner, as the housing 20 rotates, the induction device will repeatedly pass through the magnetic field of the fixed one or more permanent magnets, thereby inducing a magnetic field that can be used as a sensor 70. 20 , 70 20IN , 70 20OUT The current of the power supply.

[0557] Figure 25 The roller mill system 720 can also advantageously provide a parameter S indicating the internal state of the roller mill input side. P1 (r), R T1 (r), dS P1 (r) and dR T1 (r) and the parameter S indicating the internal state of the output side of the roller mill P2 (r), R T2 (r), dS P2 (r) and dR T2 (r). Therefore, it is straightforward and unambiguous for a skilled reader of this disclosure to conclude that Figure 25 The roller mill system 720 can advantageously be configured substantially similar to Figure 24 The roller mill system 700 provides for early indication of incipient abnormalities. In particular, Figure 25 The roller mill system 720 can advantageously implement a comparison of input side parameters with corresponding output side parameters in the manner described above with respect to the roller mill system 700. Figure 25 The roller mill system 720 can also advantageously enable adjustment of control parameters to avoid abnormalities such as mill overload.

[0558] Various examples are disclosed below.

[0559] Example 1 relates to a system 5 for grinding material, the system comprising:

[0560] Roller mill, the roller mill has a rotation speed (f ROT ) a housing rotating about an axis () for grinding a charge of material within the rotating housing by tumbling the material; wherein the housing has an inner housing surface including at least one protrusion configured to engage material within the housing;

[0561] A vibration sensor configured to detect mechanical vibration (V IMP ) to generate the analog measurement signal (S EA );

[0562] a position sensor configured to generate a position signal indicative of a rotational position of the rotating housing;

[0563] Signal recorder suitable for recording

[0564] - the digital measurement data signal (S MD , S ENV , S MD )’s time series of measured sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j)), and

[0565] - a time series of said position signal values ​​(P(i)), and

[0566] - time information (i, dt; j),

[0567] Make

[0568] The individual measurement data values ​​(S(j)) are associated with data indicating the time of occurrence of said individual measurement data values ​​(S(j)), and such that

[0569] an individual position signal value (P(i)) being associated with data indicative of a time of occurrence of said individual position signal value (P(i));

[0570] a signal processor adapted to detect the occurrence of amplitude peaks in said recorded time series of measurement sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j));

[0571] The signal processor is adapted to generate data indicative of a duration between an occurrence of the position signal value and an occurrence of the amplitude peak.

[0572] 2. The system of example 1, wherein:

[0573] The signal processor is configured to generate a case charge data set indicating an internal charge state in the case; the case charge data set including the amplitude peak value and the duration.

[0574] 3. A system according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0575] The housing charge data set indicates the rotational speed of the rotating mill housing.

[0576] 4. A system according to any preceding example, wherein

[0577] The rotating shell is configured to accommodate more than 500 kg of charge material during operation of the roller mill.

[0578] 5. An electronic roller mill monitoring system for generating and displaying information related to the internal status of a grinding process in a roller mill (10) having a rotational speed (f ROT ) a housing rotating about an axis (60) for grinding a charge material (30) by tumbling the charge material in the rotating housing, the tumbling mill monitoring system comprising:

[0579] State parameter extractor (450) for generating

[0580] A first internal state indicator data structure (550, S) indicating the internal state of the grinding process P1 , T D1 ), the first internal state indicator data structure (550, S P1 , T D1 ) includes the first impact force indication value (S P1 ) and the first time indication value (T D1 );

[0581] The first impact force indication value (S P1 ) indicates the impact force (F) generated when the protrusions on the inner shell surface of the rotating shell interact with the toe of the charge material IMP ),as well as

[0582] The first time indication value (T D1 ) indicates the impact force (F IMP ) and the duration (T D1 ).

[0583] 6. The roller mill monitoring system according to Example 5, wherein the state parameter extractor (450) further generates

[0584] The second internal state indicator data structure (S P2 , T D2 ), which indicates the internal state of the grinding process, the second internal state indicator data structure (550, S P1 , T D1 ) includes a second impact force indication value (S P2 ) and the second time indication value (T D2 ),

[0585] The second impact force indicator value (S P2 ) indicates the impact force (F) generated when the protrusions on the inner shell surface of the rotating shell interact with the toe of the charge materialIMP ),as well as

[0586] The second time indication value (T D2 ), which indicates the impact force (F IMP ) and the duration (T D1 );in,

[0587] The first internal state indicator data structure (S P1 , T D1 ) indicates the internal state of the grinding process at a first point in time, and

[0588] The second internal state indicator data structure (S P2 , T D2 ) indicates the internal state of the grinding process at a second time point.

[0589] 7. The roller mill monitoring system according to Example 6, wherein the first internal state indicator data structure (S P1 , T D1 ) combined with the internal state indicator data structure (S P2 , T D2 ) indicates the time course of the internal state of the grinding process.

[0590] 8. The roller mill monitoring system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[0591] The state parameter extractor (450) includes

[0592] A housing speed detector (500) is configured to generate an indication of the housing speed (f ROT (j)), the shell speed detector (500) is configured to indicate the roller mill shell speed (f ROT The value of (i)) is associated with the time point (i).

[0593] 9. The roller mill monitoring system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[0594] The shell velocity detector (500) is configured to convert the first impact force indication value (S P1 ;(S(i)) and the indicated roller mill shell speed (f ROT (j)) is associated with the value of

[0595] 10. A roller mill monitoring system according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0596] The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to maintain a synchronized temporal relationship between:

[0597] The first impact force indication value (S P1 ; S(i); S(j)) and

[0598] The value indicating the rotation speed of the roller mill shell (f ROT (i)); f ROT (j)) of the present invention.

[0599] 11. In an electronic roller mill monitoring system, for generating and displaying information related to the grinding process in a roller mill, the roller mill having a rotational speed (f ROT ) a housing rotating about an axis (60) for grinding a charge material (30) by tumbling the charge material within the rotating housing, wherein the housing has an inner housing surface including at least one protrusion configured to engage the material when the housing rotates about the axis (60),

[0600] a computer-implemented method of representing on a screen display the internal status of the grinding process in the roller mill,

[0601] The method comprises:

[0602] Displayed on the screen display

[0603] Polar coordinate system, the polar coordinate system having

[0604] Reference point (O), and

[0605] Reference direction (0, 360); and

[0606] The first internal state indicator object (S P1 , T D1 ), which indicates the internal state of the grinding process, having a first radius (S) from the reference point (O) P1 ) and a first polar angle (T D1 ),

[0607] The first radius (S P1 ) indicates the impact force (F) generated when the protrusions on the inner shell surface of the rotating shell interact with the charge material IMP ),as well as

[0608] The first polar angle (T D1 ) indicates the impact force (F IMP ) and the duration (T D1 ).

[0609] 12. The method of example 11, further comprising displaying on the screen

[0610] The second internal pointer object (S P2 , T D2 ), which has a second radius (S) from the reference point (O) P2 ) and a second polar angle (T D1 ),

[0611] The second radius (S P2 ) indicates the impact force (S) generated when the protrusions on the inner shell surface of the rotating shell interact with the charge material p ; F IMP ),as well as

[0612] The second polar angle (T D1 ) indicates the impact force (F IMP ) and the duration (T D1 );in,

[0613] The first internal indicator object (S P1 , T D1 ) indicates the internal state of the grinding process at a first point in time, and

[0614] The second internal indicator object (S P1 , T D1 ) indicates the internal state of the grinding process at a second time point.

[0615] 13. The method of example 12, wherein the first internal state point (S P1 , T D1 ) and the second internal state point (S P1 , T D1 ) indicates the time course of the internal state of the grinding process.

[0616] 14. An electronic roller mill monitoring system for generating and displaying information related to the internal status of a grinding process in a roller mill (10) having a rotational speed (f ROT ) a housing rotating about an axis (60) for grinding a charge material (30) by tumbling the charge material in the rotating housing, the tumbling mill monitoring system comprising:

[0617] State parameter extractor (450) for generating

[0618] A first internal state indicator data structure (550, S) indicating the internal state of the grinding process P1 , T D1 ), the first internal state indicator data structure (550, S P1 , T D1 ) includes the first impact force indication value (S P1 ) and the first time indication value (P; T D1 );

[0619] The first impact force indication value (S P1 ) indicates the impact force (F) generated when the protrusions on the inner shell surface of the rotating shell interact with the toe of the charge material IMP ),as well as

[0620] The first time indication value (T D1 ) indicates the impact force (F IMP ) and the duration (T D1 );in,

[0621] The state parameter extractor (450) includes

[0622] A housing speed detector (500) is configured to generate an indication of the housing speed (f ROT (j)), the shell speed detector (500) is configured to indicate the roller mill shell speed (f ROT The value of (i)) is associated with the time point (i).

[0623] 15. A roller mill monitoring system according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0624] The shell velocity detector (500) is configured to convert the first impact force indication value (S P1 ; S(j)) and the indicated roller mill shell speed (f ROT (j)) are associated so that the rotation speed (f ROT (j)) value indicates the impact force (F IMP ) occurs at the time point (j) when the roller mill housing speed (f ROT (j)).

[0625] 16. A roller mill monitoring system according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0626] The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate

[0627] the time course of the vibration signal value (S(i)) and the time course of the rotation reference position signal;

[0628] The state parameter extractor (450) further includes

[0629] A speed variation compensation extractor (470); the extractor (470) is configured to calculate the speed value (f ROT (j)) Extract the vibration signal value (S(i); S MD ) in order to generate an extracted vibration signal (S) including the extracted time course of the vibration signal value (R(q); Sp(r)) MDR ).

[0630] 17. The roller mill monitoring system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the state parameter extractor (450) further comprises

[0631] A fast Fourier transformer (510) is configured to generate a signal based on the extracted vibration signal (S MDR ) generates the first impact force indication value (S P1 ) and the first time indication value (T D1 ).

[0632] 18. A system according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0633] The material comprises a mass of the material, the mass of material comprising a mineral.

[0634] 19. A system according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0635] The roller mill (10) operates to perform dry grinding.

[0636] 20. A system according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0637] The roller mill (10) operates to dry grind hard matter particles into a powder including cement.

[0638] 21. A method for generating information related to the internal state of a roller mill (10) having a rotational speed (f ROT ) a housing (20) rotating about an axis (60) for grinding a charge material (30) by tumbling the material within the rotating housing; the housing (20) having an inner housing surface (22) including a first number (L) of protrusions (310) configured to engage the material when the housing (20) rotates about the axis (60), the method comprising:

[0639] generating a position signal (E, P, P(i), P(j), P(q)) indicating the rotational position of the rotating housing (20), the position signal comprising a time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q));

[0640] detecting a first occurrence of a first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) in said time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q));

[0641] detecting a second occurrence of a second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%) in said time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q));

[0642] According to the mechanical vibration (V IMP ) generates a vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)), the vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) includes the time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q));

[0643] Detection event signature (S P (r); Sp) appears third in said time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q));

[0644] Generate Instructions

[0645] In the third occurrence (i.e. the event signature occurs) and

[0646] between the first and second occurrence

[0647] The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) data.

[0648] 22. The method of any preceding example, wherein:

[0649] The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the ratio of the distance between two adjacent protrusions (310).

[0650] 23. The method of any preceding example, wherein:

[0651] The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the relative toe position (205).

[0652] 24. The method of any preceding example, wherein:

[0653] The event signature indicates the impact force (F) generated when a protrusion (310) on the inner shell surface (22) of the rotating shell (20) interacts with the toe (205) of the charge material (30). IMP ).

[0654] 25. The method of any preceding example, further comprising:

[0655] Generate the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)), as the phase angle (FI(r)).

[0656] 26. The method of any preceding example, further comprising:

[0657] Generate the event signature as the amplitude value (S P (r));Sp;C L (r); C1(r)).

[0658] 27. The method of any preceding example, wherein:

[0659] The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) is generated by Fourier transform.

[0660] 28. The method of any preceding example, further comprising:

[0661] The total number of samples from the first appearance to the second appearance (N B ) to count, and

[0662] Another number (N) of samples from the first to the third occurrence P ) to count, and

[0663] Based on the other number and the total number, the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

[0664] 29. The method of any preceding example, further comprising:

[0665] The total number of samples from the first appearance to the second appearance (N B ) to count, and

[0666] Another number (N) of samples from the first to the third occurrence P ) to count, and

[0667] Based on the relationship between the other number and the total number, the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

[0668] 30. The method of example 29, wherein:

[0669] The relationship between the further number and the total number is indicative of a relative toe position (205).

[0670] 31. The method of example 29 or 30, wherein:

[0671] The relationship between the further number and the total number indicates the position of the toe (205) of the charge (30), the position being expressed as a fraction of the distance between two of the protrusions (310), the two protrusions (310A, 310B) being adjacent to each other on the inner shell surface (22).

[0672] 32. The method of any preceding example, further comprising:

[0673] The reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) is generated at least once per each rotation of the rotating housing (20).

[0674] 33. The method of example 32, further comprising:

[0675] The rotating housing (20) generates a second number of the reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) per one rotation; the second number is equal to the first number (L).

[0676] 34. The method of example 32, further comprising:

[0677] The rotating housing (20) generates a second number of the reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) per one rotation; the second number is lower than the first number (L).

[0678] 35. The method of any preceding example, further comprising:

[0679] The reference position signal value (PS; 1; 1C, 0%) is generated based on detection of a rotational position mark (180), wherein rotation of the rotational position mark (180) indicates rotation of the rotating housing (20).

[0680] 36. The method of Example 32, wherein:

[0681] Based on the detection of a rotational position mark (180), the rotating housing (20) generates a reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) at least once per rotation, wherein the rotation of the rotational position mark (180) indicates the rotation of the rotating housing (20).

[0682] 37. The method of Example 36, wherein:

[0683] By calculating based on the first number (L),

[0684] The first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) and

[0685] The second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%)

[0686] At least one of .

[0687] 38. The method of Example 36, wherein:

[0688] Generate at an angle

[0689] The first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) and

[0690] The second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%)

[0691] wherein a full circle of the housing is virtually or mathematically divided into a third number of mutually equal parts.

[0692] 39. The method of Example 38, wherein:

[0693] The third number is equal to the first number; and wherein the mutually equal portions correspond to the first number of equal distances between the protrusions (310).

[0694] 40. The method of any preceding example, wherein:

[0695] The protrusions are substantially equidistant from one another.

[0696] 41. The method of any preceding example, further comprising:

[0697] Recording the time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q));

[0698] The occurrence of said event signature is detected in said recorded time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)).

[0699] 42. The method of any preceding example, wherein:

[0700] The event signature is an amplitude peak.

[0701] 43. The method of any preceding example, further comprising:

[0702] Individual vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)) are associated with individual position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)).

[0703] 44. The method of any preceding example, further comprising:

[0704] Based on the second time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) generates data indicating the instantaneous speed value:

[0705] The first occurrence of the first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%)

[0706] and said second occurrence of said second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%);

[0707] The instantaneous speed value (f ROT ) indicates the speed (f ROT ).

[0708] 45. The method of any preceding example, further comprising:

[0709] recording said time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)) in a memory; and

[0710] The time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)) is recorded in the memory; wherein,

[0711] The step of detecting the presence of a reference position signal value (1; 1C) involves

[0712] The presence of said reference position signal value (1; 1C) in said recorded time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)) is detected.

[0713] 46. ​​The method of any preceding example, wherein:

[0714] The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the first internal state of the grinding mill.

[0715] 47. The method of any preceding example, wherein:

[0716] The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the first internal state of the grinding mill.

[0717] 48. The method of any preceding example or example 39, further comprising:

[0718] Data indicative of an absolute toe position value is generated based on the relative toe position value.

[0719] 49. The method of any preceding example, wherein:

[0720] The event signature is the peak amplitude value.

[0721] 50. The method of any preceding example, wherein:

[0722] The speed (f ROT ) is the variable speed (f ROT ).

[0723] 51. A system for grinding a material, the system comprising:

[0724] The roller mill has a rotation speed (f ROT ) a housing that rotates about an axis for grinding a charge of material within the rotating housing by tumbling the material; wherein the housing has an inner housing surface, the inner housing surface including a first number of protrusions configured to engage material within the housing, the protrusions being arranged on the inner housing surface at equal mutual distances; the first number being at least two;

[0725] A vibration sensor configured to detect mechanical vibration (V IMP ) to generate the analog measurement signal (S EA );

[0726] a position sensor configured to generate a position signal indicative of a rotational position of the rotating housing;

[0727] Signal recorder suitable for recording

[0728] - the digital measurement data signal (S MD , S ENV , S MD )’s time series of measured sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j)), and

[0729] - a time series of said position signal values ​​(P(i)), and

[0730] - time information (i, dt; j),

[0731] Make

[0732] The individual measurement data values ​​(S(j)) are associated with data indicating the time of occurrence of said individual measurement data values ​​(S(j)), and such that

[0733] an individual position signal value (P(i)) being associated with data indicative of a time of occurrence of said individual position signal value (P(i));

[0734] a signal processor adapted to detect the occurrence of amplitude peaks in said recorded time series of measurement sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j));

[0735] The signal processor is adapted to generate

[0736] a second number of reference position signals per rotation of the housing, the second number of reference position signals being generated at equal angular distances based on the position signal; the second number being equal to the first number, and

[0737] Data indicative of the duration between the occurrence of the position signal value and the occurrence of the amplitude peak.

Claims

1. A method for generating information about the internal state of a roller mill (10) having a rotational speed (f ROT ) a housing (20) rotatable about an axis (60) for grinding a charge material (30) by tumbling the material within the housing; the housing (20) having an inner housing surface (22) including a first number (L) of protrusions (310), the protrusions being configured to engage the material as the housing (20) rotates about the axis (60), the method comprising: generating a position signal (E, P, P(i), P(j), P(q)) indicating a rotational reference position of the rotating housing (20), the position signal comprising a time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); Detecting a first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) first occurrence; detecting a second occurrence of a second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%) in the time sequence of said position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); According to the mechanical vibration (V IMP ) to generate a vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)), the vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) includes the time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)); Detect event signatures (S P (r); the third occurrence of Sp); Generate Instructions In the third occurrence, the event signature appears with between the first occurrence and the second occurrence The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r) data, where: The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the ratio of the distance between two adjacent protrusions (310) and is used to indicate the relative physical position of the toe (205) of the charge between two consecutive reference positions in order to present the current internal state of the roller mill (10) and / or the current state of the grinding process.

2. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein: The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the relative toe position.

3. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein: The event signature indicates an impact force (F) generated when the protrusion (310) on the inner housing surface (22) of the rotating housing (20) interacts with the toe (205) of the charge material (30). IMP ).

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Generate the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)), as the phase angle (FI(r)).

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Generate the event signature as the magnitude value (S P (r));Sp; C L (r);C1(r))。 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) is generated by Fourier transform.

7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The total number of samples from the first occurrence to the second occurrence (N B ) are counted, and Another number (N) of samples from the first occurrence to the third occurrence P ) are counted, and Based on the other number and the total number, the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The total number of samples from the first occurrence to the second occurrence (N B ) are counted, and Another number (N) of samples from the first occurrence to the third occurrence P ) are counted, and Based on the relationship between the other number and the total number, the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)), where: The relationship between the further number and the total number is indicative of relative toe position.

9. An electronic roller mill monitoring system for generating and displaying information related to the internal status of a grinding process in a roller mill (10) having a rotational speed (f ROT ) a housing rotating about an axis (60) for grinding charge material (30) by tumbling the charge material in the rotating housing, the tumbling mill monitoring system comprising: State Parameter Extractor (450) for generating: A first internal state indicator data structure (550, S) indicating the internal state of the grinding process P1 , T D1 ), the first internal state indicator data structure (550, S P1 , T D1 ) including the first impact force indication value (S P1 ) and the first time indication value (P; T D1 ); The first impact force indication value (S P1 ) indicates the impact force (F) generated when the protrusions on the inner housing surface of the rotating housing interact with the toe of the charge material IMP ),as well as The first time indication value (T D1 ) indicates the impact force (F IMP ) and the occurrence of the rotation reference position of the rotation of the housing (T D1 );in, The state parameter extractor (450) comprises: The housing speed detector (500) is configured to generate an indication of the housing speed (f ROT (j)), the housing speed detector (500) is configured to indicate the housing speed of the roller mill (f ROT The value of (i) is associated with the time point (i), where: The state parameter extractor (450) is adapted to generate an indication The first time duration is The first temporal relationship between another temporal duration (R T (r); T D ; FI(r) data, where the further time duration being indicative of a time between a first occurrence of a first reference position of the rotated housing and a second occurrence of a second reference position of the rotated housing; and The first time duration indicates the first occurrence and the impact force (F IMP ) between the appearance of (SP(r); Sp); The first time duration indicates the impact force (F IMP ) of the occurrence (S P (r); Sp) and the time between the second occurrence; The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the internal state of the roller mill (10), wherein: The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the ratio of the distance between two adjacent protrusions (310) and is used to indicate the relative physical position of the toe (205) of the charge between two consecutive reference positions in order to present the current internal state of the roller mill (10) and / or the current state of the grinding process.

10. A system (5,700,720) comprising: - a roller mill (10) having The housing (20) is rotated at a speed (f ROT ) rotates about an axis (60) for grinding charge material (30) by tumbling the material within the rotating housing; The housing (20) has an interior housing surface (22) including a first number (L) of protrusions (310) configured to engage material as the housing (20) rotates about the axis (60); the first number (L) being greater than 1; the protrusions (310) having leading edges (312) positioned such that leading edges (312) of adjacent protrusions (310) are equidistant; - a position sensor (170) adapted to generate a position signal (Ep, P, P(i), P(j), P(q), 1) indicative of a rotational reference position (P, 1) of the rotated housing (20), the position signal comprising a time sequence of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); - a vibration sensor (70) adapted to detect mechanical vibrations (V) generated by the rotation of the housing (20) IMP ) to generate a vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)), the vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) includes a time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)); and - an analysis device (150) for analyzing the vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) and the position signals (Ep, P, P(i), P(j), P(q), 1) generate information indicating the internal state of the roller mill (10); - the analysis device (150) is adapted to indicate a certain number (L, fp) of uniformly distributed reference positions (1, 1C, Pc) per rotation of the rotating housing (20) based on the position signal (Ep, P, P(i), P(j), P(q), 1), wherein the reference position is determined by the reference position signal value (1; 1C, P, P C ) indicates; the certain number (L, fp) is equal to the first number (L); wherein, - The analytical device (150) comprises a state parameter extractor (450) adapted to detect a first occurrence of a first reference position signal value in the time series of said position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); The state parameter extractor (450) is adapted to detect a second reference position signal value (1; 1C; P) in the time series of the position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)). C , 100%, 360°) second occurrence; The state parameter extractor (450) is adapted to detect event signatures (S P (r); a third occurrence of Sp); said event signature indicating an impact force (F) generated when said protrusion (310) on said inner shell surface (22) of said rotating shell (20) interacts with said toe (205) of said charge material (30) IMP ); and wherein, The state parameter extractor (450) is adapted to generate an indication First time duration and The first temporal relationship between another temporal duration (R T (r); T D ; FI(r) data; where, the further time duration indicates a time between the first occurrence and the second occurrence; and The first time duration indicates the time between the first occurrence and the third occurrence (SP(r); Sp), or The first time duration indicates the third occurrence (S P (r); Sp) and the time between the second occurrence; The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the internal state of the roller mill (10), wherein: The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the ratio of the distance between two adjacent protrusions (310) and is used to indicate the relative physical position of the toe (205) of the charge between two consecutive reference positions in order to present the current internal state of the roller mill (10) and / or the current state of the grinding process.

11. The system (5, 700, 720) of claim 10, wherein: The state parameter extractor (450) comprises a fast Fourier converter (FFT; 510), which is adapted to generate the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) as the phase angle (FI(r)).

12. The system (5, 700, 720) according to claim 10 or 11, wherein: The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the relative toe position.

13. The system (5, 700, 720) of claim 12, wherein: The state parameter extractor (450) is adapted to generate data indicative of an absolute toe position value based on the relative toe position value.

14. The system (5, 700, 720) according to claim 10 or 11, wherein: The state parameter extractor (450) is adapted to generate the event signature as a magnitude value (S P (r));Sp;C L (r); C1(r)).

15. The system (5, 700, 720) according to claim 10 or 11, wherein: The event signature (S P (r); Sp) provides an indication of the position of the toe (205) of the charge material (30) in the housing (20), the position of the toe being relative to a reference position value (1; 1C, P, Pc, 0%, 100%) indication.

16. The system (5, 700, 720) according to claim 10 or 11, wherein: The state parameter extractor (450) is adapted to extract the state parameter relative to the reference toe position value (Φ(1), Φ TR ) indicates the current or most recently detected absolute toe position (550(r)) as The current or most recently detected polar angle (FI(r)) is related to The current or most recently detected peak amplitude value (S P (r)) and The time course of the earlier detected toe position (550(r-1); 550(p)) is indicated as The polar angles detected earlier (FI(r-1), FI(p)) and The earlier detected peak amplitude value (S P (r-1), S P (p)) combined.

17. A method for generating information related to the internal state of a roller mill (10) having a rotational speed (f ROT ) a housing (20) that rotates about an axis (60) for grinding a charge material (30) by tumbling the material within the rotating housing; the housing (20) having an inner housing surface (22) including a first number (L) of protrusions (310), the protrusions being configured to engage the material as the housing (20) rotates about the axis (60), the protrusions (310) having leading edges (312) positioned such that the leading edges (312) of adjacent protrusions (310) are equidistant; The first number (L) is greater than 1; The method comprises the following steps: receiving a position signal (Ep, P, P(i), P(j), P(q), 1) indicating a rotational reference position (P, 1) of the rotating housing (20), the position signal comprising a time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); and According to the mechanical vibration (V IMP ) receives vibration signals (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)), the vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) includes the time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)); According to the position signal (Ep, P, P(i), P(j), P(q), 1), a uniformly distributed reference position (1, 1c, Pc) of a certain number (L, fp) of each rotation of the rotating housing (20) is indicated, wherein the reference position is determined by the reference position signal value (1; 1c, P, P C ) indicates that the certain number (L, fp) is equal to the first number (L); detecting a first occurrence of a first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) in the time sequence of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); detecting a second occurrence of a second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%) in the time sequence of said position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); Detect event signatures (S P (r); Sp); the event signature indicates the impact force (F) generated when the protrusion (310) on the inner shell surface of the rotating shell (20) interacts with the toe (205) of the charge material (30) IMP ); Generate Instructions First time duration and The first temporal relationship between another temporal duration (R T (r); T D ; FI(r), Ф(r)) data; where, the further time duration indicates a time between the first occurrence and the second occurrence; and The first time duration indicates the time between the first occurrence and the third occurrence (S P (r); Sp), or The first time duration indicates the third occurrence (S P (r); Sp) and the time between the second occurrence; The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the internal state of the roller mill (10), wherein: The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the ratio of the distance between two adjacent protrusions (310) and is used to indicate the relative physical position of the toe (205) of the charge between two consecutive reference positions in order to present the current internal state of the roller mill (10) and / or the current state of the grinding process.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein: Indicates the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; The data of FI(r)) is a phase angle (FI(r)) generated by Fourier transform.

19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, wherein: The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the relative toe position value.

20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising the steps of: Data indicative of an absolute toe position value is generated based on the relative toe position value.

21. The method according to claim 17 or 18, further comprising: The total number of samples from the first occurrence to the second occurrence (N B ) are counted, and Another number (N) of samples from the first occurrence to the third occurrence P ) are counted, and The first time relationship (R) is generated based on the other number and the total number. T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

22. The method according to claim 17 or 18, further comprising: Presenting the internal status of the grinding process in the roller mill on a screen display (210S), wherein the method comprises: Displayed on the screen display (210S) Polar coordinate system, the polar coordinate system has Reference point (O, 530), and Reference direction (0°, 360°); and The first internal state indicator object (550, 550 (r), S P1 , T D1 ), indicating the internal state of the grinding process, having a first radius (S) from the reference point (O) P(r) , S P1 ) and has a first polar angle (FI(r), T D1 ), The first radius (S P(r) , S P1 ) indicates the impact force (F IMP ),as well as The first polar angle (FI(r), Φ(r), T D1 ) indicates the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r), Ф(r)).

23. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program comprising computer program code (380, 394, 410) which, when executed by a data processor (350) of an apparatus (150), causes the data processor (350) to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 17 to 22.

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