Automated system for drying conditions of electrodes for secondary batteries
By measuring electrode temperature in real time and adjusting drying conditions, the problem of defects such as thermal wrinkling during the drying process of lithium secondary battery electrodes was solved, realizing automated and unmanned production of the electrode drying process and reducing defect rate and losses.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD
- Filing Date
- 2022-04-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-03
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, defects such as cracks and thermal wrinkles are easily generated during the drying process of lithium secondary battery electrodes, leading to product loss, and there is a lack of real-time control and automation methods.
Sensors are used to measure electrode temperature in real time, and the drying conditions are adjusted by the system control unit according to preset conditions to prevent thermal wrinkles and achieve automated and unmanned production.
It effectively reduced the electrode defect rate, improved production efficiency, reduced losses, and realized the automation and unmanned operation of the electrode drying process.
Smart Images
Figure CN115699347B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] Cross-reference to related applications
[0002] This application claims the benefit and priority of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0051620, filed on April 21, 2021, with the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0003] This disclosure relates to an automated system for drying conditions of electrodes used in secondary batteries. Background Technology
[0004] With the rapid increase in the use of fossil fuels, the demand for alternative or clean energy sources is constantly increasing, and the most active research area is the field of power generation and energy storage using electrochemistry.
[0005] Currently, secondary batteries are a representative example of electrochemical devices that utilize this electrochemical energy, and their application is gradually expanding.
[0006] In recent years, with the increasing development of mobile devices such as portable computers, mobile phones, and cameras, the demand for secondary batteries as power sources for these devices has also increased dramatically. Among such secondary batteries, lithium-ion batteries exhibit high charge / discharge characteristics and long lifespan, and are environmentally friendly. Extensive research has been conducted on them, and they are now commercialized and widely used.
[0007] Furthermore, with increasing attention to environmental issues, research on electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) as alternatives to fossil fuel-powered vehicles such as gasoline and diesel vehicles is growing, contributing significantly to air pollution. While nickel-metal hydride batteries are primarily used as power sources for electric and hybrid vehicles, research is actively underway to utilize lithium-ion batteries with high energy density and discharge voltage, some of which are in the commercialization stage.
[0008] This lithium secondary battery is manufactured by coating a current collector in the form of a slurry with positive or negative electrode active material, binder and conductive material and drying it to form an electrode mixture layer, thereby manufacturing positive and negative electrodes, and then assembling an electrode assembly with a separator inserted between the positive and negative electrodes together with an electrolyte into a battery case.
[0009] Furthermore, the performance of lithium secondary batteries manufactured in this way is affected by the composition of the lithium secondary battery. Among them, the drying curve of the drying process after the solvent evaporates after coating the electrode active material slurry has a significant impact on the electrode performance.
[0010] However, under normal circumstances, such drying curves are optimized and applied by evaluating the physical properties of the product after drying is complete.
[0011] Specifically, cracks, thermal wrinkles, and bending cracks occur during the drying process of the electrodes. These defects are evaluated by observing the surface of the dried electrodes. The production line is stopped when these defects occur, and all products are discarded, resulting in significant losses.
[0012] Therefore, in order to prevent such losses, there is an urgent need to develop a system technology that can identify the possibility of defects during drying in advance and control the drying process in real time. Summary of the Invention
[0013] Technical issues
[0014] This disclosure is designed to solve the above-mentioned problems. The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a system that sets an index for the generation of thermal wrinkles during drying, measures electrode temperature for calculation, and identifies the possibility of thermal wrinkle generation in real time, thereby controlling the drying process.
[0015] Another object of this disclosure is to provide a system in which the drying process can be automated and unmanned without requiring large-scale modifications to existing equipment, and can significantly reduce the generation of defects in electrodes used for secondary batteries thus manufactured, preventing losses as a result.
[0016] Technical solution
[0017] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, an automated system for drying conditions of electrodes in a secondary battery is provided, the automated system comprising:
[0018] The conveying unit conveys, in the conveying direction, a preliminary electrode onto which the electrode active material slurry is coated onto the current collector.
[0019] One or more drying units are arranged along the conveying direction and dry the preliminary electrode.
[0020] One or more sensors measure the electrode temperature of the preliminary electrode in real time and transmit the information to the system control unit.
[0021] The system control unit receives information from the one or more sensors and adjusts the drying conditions.
[0022] The drying conditions are adjusted when the information received from the one or more sensors meets either of the following conditions 1 or 2:
[0023] [Condition 1]
[0024] ΔT = T2 - T1 = T3 - T1
[0025] Wherein, T1 is the electrode temperature when the electrode temperature of the preliminary electrode does not change during the solvent evaporation of the electrode active material slurry, T2 is the electrode temperature of the preliminary electrode to be dried, and T3 is the value of the temperature at which thermal wrinkles begin to form, which is pre-inputted according to the composition of the electrode active material slurry to be applied.
[0026] [Condition 2]
[0027] and
[0028] Wherein, α is the electrode heating rate of the preliminary electrode, and β is the electrode heating acceleration of the preliminary electrode.
[0029] At this time, the one or more sensors and the one or more drying units can be installed in the same drying oven.
[0030] Furthermore, the one or more sensors may be arranged alternately with the one or more drying units.
[0031] Simultaneously, all information collected by the one or more sensors is transmitted to the system control unit, which can collect the transmitted information and determine the conditions.
[0032] At this time, the information of the electrode active material slurry, the T3 value of the electrode active material slurry obtained in advance, conditions 1 and 2, and the drying process conditions are input to the system control unit before the initial drying of the electrode begins. When the information received from the one or more sensors meets condition 1 or 2, the system control unit changes the drying conditions.
[0033] More specifically, the system control unit plots the electrode temperature, electrode heating rate, and electrode heating acceleration of the preliminary electrode into a curve based on information received from the one or more sensors, and changes the drying conditions when the values obtained from the curve meet condition 1 or 2.
[0034] When condition 1 or 2 is met, the system control unit lowers the drying temperature, increases the conveying speed of the conveying unit, or stops drying altogether.
[0035] Specifically, when condition 2 is met, the drying conditions are changed.
[0036] Meanwhile, the one or more drying units may be hot air units that generate hot air or heating units that directly apply heat, and the one or more sensors may be IR sensors. Attached Figure Description
[0037] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of an automated system for an electrode drying process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0038] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of an automated system for an electrode drying process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0039] Figure 3 This is a photograph of the thermal wrinkling evaluation mechanism in a drying oven according to Experimental Example 1 of this disclosure;
[0040] Figure 4 It is a curve of electrode drying time and electrode temperature measured based on Experiment Example 1;
[0041] Figure 5 It is based on the electrode photographs taken when the electrodes were dry in Experiment Example 1;
[0042] Figure 6 It is a graph showing the electrode temperature, electrode heating rate, and electrode heating acceleration measured during the drying process from 100 to 180 seconds, based on Experiment Example 1.
[0043] Figure 7 This is a comparison graph of electrode temperature, electrode heating rate, and electrode heating acceleration during the electrode drying process, based on Experiment Example 2; and
[0044] Figure 8 The photograph is based on the foil surface after the electrode in Experiment Example 2 has been dried. Detailed Implementation
[0045] The electrode manufacturing apparatus of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings to enable those skilled in the art to readily implement the invention. However, the drawings are for illustrative purposes only, and the invention can be modified in various ways within the scope of this disclosure and is not limited to these drawings.
[0046] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, an automated system for drying conditions of electrodes in a secondary battery is provided, the automated system comprising:
[0047] The transfer unit transfers the preliminary electrode, in which the electrode active material slurry is coated onto the current collector.
[0048] One or more drying units are arranged along the conveying direction and used to dry the preliminary electrode.
[0049] One or more sensors measure the electrode temperature of the preliminary electrode in real time and transmit the information to the system control unit.
[0050] The system control unit receives information from the sensor and adjusts the drying conditions.
[0051] The drying conditions are adjusted when the information received from the sensor meets either condition 1 or 2:
[0052] [Condition 1]
[0053] ΔT = T2 - T1 = T3 - T1
[0054] Wherein, T1 is the electrode temperature when the electrode temperature of the preliminary electrode does not change during the solvent evaporation of the electrode active material slurry, T2 is the electrode temperature of the preliminary electrode to be dried, and T3 is the value of the temperature at which thermal wrinkles begin to form, which is pre-inputted according to the composition of the electrode active material slurry to be applied.
[0055] [Condition 2]
[0056] and
[0057] Where α is the electrode heating rate of the initial electrode, and β is the electrode heating acceleration of the initial electrode.
[0058] Electrode temperature is the surface temperature of the electrode measured by a sensor.
[0059] In other words, according to this disclosure, during electrode drying, the sensor measures the electrode temperature of the preliminary electrode in real time and transmits the preliminary electrode to the system control unit. When the specific conditions mentioned above are met, the system control unit adjusts the drying conditions, thereby preventing wrinkles from forming in the electrode current collector and reducing the defect rate.
[0060] At this point, the specific conditions used to adjust the drying conditions are those that satisfy either condition 1 or condition 2 mentioned above.
[0061] First, when checking condition 1 above, the conditions for thermal wrinkling in the current collector may change depending on the different electrode active material slurries. Therefore, it is necessary to have a standard that can measure the formation of thermal wrinkling based on the composition of the electrode active material slurry.
[0062] Therefore, the temperature (T3) at which thermal wrinkles begin to form based on the composition of the electrode active material slurry can be input to the system control unit. Thus, with only one input, the electrode temperature of the initial electrode can be measured in real time in subsequent processes based on this, and the drying conditions can be automatically adjusted when condition 1 is met.
[0063] At this point, T1 is the electrode temperature when the initial electrode temperature remains unchanged, specifically, the electrode temperature when the electrode temperature remains unchanged for 1 second or more. This means the electrode temperature of the flat portion in the electrode temperature curve described later.
[0064] Furthermore, the inventors conducted an in-depth study on condition 2, measuring the electrode temperature of the preliminary electrode in real time regardless of the composition of the electrode active material slurry, and confirmed from these measurements that when the electrode heating rate and the electrode heating acceleration of the preliminary electrode meet the above range, thermal wrinkles are generated in the current collector when condition 2 is met.
[0065] Therefore, according to this disclosure, when the values of condition 1 and / or condition 2 are input to the system control unit, the drying conditions can be automatically adjusted simply by measuring the electrode temperature of the initial electrode in the subsequent electrode drying process, thereby enabling unmanned operation, significantly reducing the rate of thermal wrinkling of the electrode, and thus being economical.
[0066] A schematic diagram of an automated system for an electrode drying process according to embodiments of this disclosure is shown below. Figure 1 As shown.
[0067] Reference Figure 1 An automated system 1000 for drying electrodes for secondary batteries according to this disclosure includes: a conveying unit 130 that conveys a preliminary electrode 110 in which an electrode active material slurry 111 is coated onto a current collector 112; one or more drying units 140 arranged along the conveying direction and drying the preliminary electrode 110; one or more sensors 150 that measure the electrode temperature of the preliminary electrode 110 in real time and transmit the information to a system control unit 160; and a system control unit 160 that receives information from the sensors 150 and adjusts the drying conditions.
[0068] Specifically, the preliminary electrode 110 may have a structure in which an electrode active material slurry 111, comprising an electrode active material, a conductive material, a binder, and optional other additives, is coated on the current collector 112, and the electrode active material slurry 111 is in a solvent-containing form before drying.
[0069] The electrode active material can be appropriately selected depending on whether the initial electrode is a positive or negative electrode. Specific examples of such electrode active materials are known in the art, and any kind of active material can be selected, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted here.
[0070] Specific examples of binders and conductive materials are similar to those of electrode active materials and are known in the art. Any kind of active material can be selected, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted here.
[0071] On the other hand, the current collector can also be selected depending on whether the initial electrode is positive or negative. For example, metal sheets, meshes, films, foils, etc., such as aluminum or copper, can be used, and specific examples are known in the art, so detailed descriptions will be omitted here.
[0072] The preliminary electrode 110 is transferred to the drying unit 140 for the drying process of evaporating the solvent, and this transfer is performed by the transfer unit 130.
[0073] There are no restrictions on the conveying unit 130, but it can be, for example, a conveying roller.
[0074] Simultaneously, the preliminary electrode 110 is transferred to the drying unit 140 by the transfer unit 130. At this time, four drying units 140 are arranged along the transfer direction, and perform the function of drying the preliminary electrode 110 while it is being transferred by the transfer unit 130.
[0075] The number of drying units 140 is just one example, and there is no limit to the number, as long as there are one or more, preferably two or more.
[0076] Furthermore, when multiple drying units 140 exist, the drying units 140 can be installed in the same drying oven 170.
[0077] Here, the drying unit 140 is not limited, as long as it has the form of being able to dry the preliminary electrode 110, but it can be, for example, a hot air unit that generates hot air or a heating unit that directly applies heat.
[0078] The drying time of the drying unit 140 is affected by the conveying speed of the conveying unit 130, and the drying conditions of the conveying unit 130, such as drying temperature and conveying speed, are adjusted by the system control unit 160 described later.
[0079] Meanwhile, in order to measure the electrode temperature of the preliminary electrode 110 in real time while drying the preliminary electrode 110, the automated system 1000 for electrode drying conditions according to the present disclosure includes a sensor 150, which measures the electrode temperature of the preliminary electrode 110 in real time and transmits the information to the system control unit 160.
[0080] At this time, the three sensors 150 are arranged alternately between the drying units 140.
[0081] In other words, the sensor 150 is preferably located at various positions in the drying process to measure the electrode temperature of the conveyed preliminary electrode 110 in real time, and can therefore be arranged in the conveying direction of the preliminary electrode 110.
[0082] Therefore, sensor 150 can also be installed in the same drying oven 170 as drying unit 140.
[0083] The sensor 150 is not limited, as long as it has a structure capable of measuring the electrode temperature of the preliminary electrode 110, and can be, for example, a non-contact thermal sensor, specifically, an IR sensor.
[0084] Meanwhile, all the information collected by sensor 150 is transmitted to system control unit 160. System control unit 160 analyzes, calculates and evaluates the transmitted information to determine whether the conditions are met, and then determines whether to adjust the drying conditions, direction, etc.
[0085] Specifically, the information collected by the sensor is transmitted to the information collection unit 161, and when the analysis of the information is completed, the drying condition adjustment unit 162 adjusts the drying conditions according to the analysis.
[0086] In other words, the system control unit 160 takes over the role of the operator and activates the automated system for adjusting drying conditions.
[0087] To illustrate the function of these system control units in more detail, a flowchart of the automated system for adjusting electrode drying conditions described in this disclosure is shown schematically as follows. Figure 2 As shown.
[0088] Will Figure 2 and Figure 1 Referring to the above, firstly, before starting the drying of the preliminary electrode 110, the information of the electrode active material slurry 111 is input to the system control unit 160 (S10), the pre-obtained T3 value and conditions 1 and 2 for the electrode active material slurry 111 are input (S20), and then the drying process conditions are input to perform the electrode drying of the preliminary electrode 110 (S30).
[0089] In the electrode drying process of the initial electrode 110, one or more sensors 150 measure the electrode temperature in real time (S40) and transmit all the information collected therefrom to the system control unit 160 (S50).
[0090] Then, the system control unit 160 collects the transmitted information and determines whether conditions 1 and 2 are met (S60). If any one or more of conditions 1 and 2 are met, the electrode drying process conditions are changed (S70); if not, the operating state of the electrode drying oven 170 is maintained (S80).
[0091] Specifically, the system control unit 160 plots the electrode temperature, electrode heating rate, and electrode heating acceleration of the preliminary electrode 110 into a curve based on the information received from the sensor 150, and can change the drying conditions when the value obtained from the curve satisfies condition 1 or 2 above.
[0092] Here, in order to change the drying conditions, when condition 1 or 2 is met, the system controller 160 can reduce the drying temperature, increase the conveying speed of the conveying unit, or stop drying.
[0093] Specifically, when condition 2 is met, the drying conditions can be changed.
[0094] The following experimental examples based on the present disclosure will detail the method of determining conditions 1 and 2 using an automated system for electrode drying conditions according to the present disclosure, and the effect of automatically preventing thermal wrinkling when adjusting the drying conditions, so that those skilled in the art can readily understand.
[0095] <Experimental Example 1>
[0096] Preliminary electrode preparation
[0097] Using graphite as the electrode active material, carbon black as the conductive material, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as binders, a mixture of electrode active material, conductive material, CMC, and SBR was added to water as a solvent in a weight ratio of 96:1:1:2 to prepare a composition for forming the electrode (solid content: 47%). This composition was then coated (200 μm) onto copper foil (thickness: 8–12 μm) to manufacture a preliminary electrode 110.
[0098] Determine the heat pleating based on drying time and temperature.
[0099] The initial electrode 110 is inserted into Figure 3 The tension adjusting rod 210 is positioned between the electrodes and installed in the drying oven. Inside the oven, an IR sensor 220 is mounted above the initial electrode 110. To determine if thermal wrinkles have formed in the aluminum foil, a mirror 230 is mounted below the initial electrode 110. Based on the image of the aluminum foil reflected on the mirror 230, it can be determined whether thermal wrinkles have formed.
[0100] With this apparatus, the drying temperature of the furnace is set to 115°C and the drying speed is 1°C / second. A graph of the drying time and electrode temperature during drying is obtained from the IR sensor 220, and an image of the aluminum foil is taken from the mirror 230. The results are shown in... Figure 4 and Figure 5 From Figure 4 The results show that setting the electrode temperature to 115℃ and 1℃ / second for drying times between 100 and 180 seconds yielded the following results: Figure 6 .
[0101] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5The initial electrode temperature gradually increases with the drying time and heating rate. However, at a certain point, although the furnace temperature in the figure rises to approximately 80°C, the electrode temperature shows a flat section. It can be seen that the initial electrode temperature does not rise during solvent evaporation of the electrode active material slurry at the aforementioned temperature, and the aluminum foil begins to deform due to drying stress after 131 seconds, i.e., at the end of the flat section. After 141 seconds, drying is complete, and the electrode temperature rises rapidly again according to the furnace temperature. At this point, thermal expansion of the aluminum foil is observed, and thermal wrinkles appear after 150 seconds.
[0102] Based on these experiments, the value of condition 1 can be set depending on the composition of the electrode active material slurry.
[0103] Specifically, given the composition of the electrode active material slurry, T3 is 95℃, and T1 is 80℃ when the electrode temperature remains unchanged. Therefore, the value of t is determined to be 5℃.
[0104] Therefore, when drying the electrode active material slurry with the above composition, when ΔT = T2 - T1 reaches 15°C, the system control unit changes the drying conditions.
[0105] As an example, an electrode active material slurry is disclosed, but the method can obtain the t-value using the same method even for electrode active material slurries with various compositions. Then, when drying electrode active material slurries with the same composition, the drying conditions can be automatically changed by measuring the electrode temperature value, provided that condition 1 above is met.
[0106] Meanwhile, the inventors confirmed that the value of condition 1 is different for each type of electrode active material slurry, and the drying conditions change simultaneously with the onset of thermal wrinkling; therefore, changing the drying conditions cannot be used as a preventative measure. Thus, by applying the above experiments to various electrode active material slurries, a more standardized indicator of thermal wrinkling formation can be obtained from the curves of electrode heating rate (α) and electrode heating acceleration rate (β), rather than electrode temperature.
[0107] Specifically, refer to Figure 6 ,based on Figure 4 The curves were obtained to show the electrode heating rate (α) and electrode heating acceleration (β) curves, as well as the electrode temperature when the drying time was between 100 seconds and 180 seconds.
[0108] It can be seen that the point where thermal wrinkles occur in the electrode temperature curve is approximately 150℃, while it is confirmed that thermal wrinkles appear before the point of 150℃.
[0109] and
[0110] At the same time, solvent evaporation is fully performed and drying is completed (after 141°C). It can be seen that, under the condition of satisfying the above conditions, changing the drying conditions can better prevent the generation of thermal wrinkles, suppress electrode defects, and significantly improve productivity. At the same time, the initial electrode drying process can be automated and unmanned.
[0111] Therefore, according to this disclosure, it is more preferable to change the drying conditions when condition 2 above is met.
[0112] In addition, it was confirmed that these conditions are not affected by the composition of the electrode active material slurry, and the drying conditions of the initial electrode can be adjusted before thermal wrinkling occurs.
[0113] <Experimental Example 2>
[0114] Based on information obtained from sensors during the initial electrode preparation in Experiment Example 1, which was set to a furnace drying rate of 115°C and 1°C / second, a comparison graph of electrode temperature, electrode heating rate (α), and electrode heating acceleration (β) obtained for electrode A (which was not dried under conditions 1 or 2) with the furnace power turned off and electrode B (which maintained the drying conditions without such conditions) is shown in the figure. Figure 7 In the middle. After drying (165 seconds), take a photo of the aluminum foil surface, as shown. Figure 8 As shown.
[0115] Reference Figure 7 As can be seen, when the drying conditions of electrode A are changed according to the present disclosure, the electrode heating rate (α) remains below 0, and the electrode temperature decreases 150 seconds before thermal wrinkles are generated. However, when electrode B is used, the electrode temperature continues to rise, so the electrode heating rate (α) also shows an appearance of being above 0.
[0116] Additionally, refer to Figure 8 The results above confirm that, in the case of electrode A, almost no thermal wrinkles were generated, while in the case of electrode B, thermal wrinkles were generated overall.
[0117] [Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures]
[0118] 1000: Automated systems for drying conditions
[0119] 110: Preliminary Electrode
[0120] 120: Electrode roll
[0121] 130: Transmission Unit
[0122] 140: Drying Unit
[0123] 150: Sensor
[0124] 160: System Control Unit
[0125] 170: Drying Oven
[0126] 200: Evaluation Mechanism for Thermal Wrinkles
[0127] 210: Tension Adjustment Rod
[0128] 220: IR sensor
[0129] 230: Mirror
[0130] Industrial applicability
[0131] According to this disclosure, a thermal wrinkling index can be derived based on the electrode temperature used in secondary batteries. The electrode temperature can be measured in real time and the possibility of thermal wrinkling of the electrode during drying can be identified. This allows for real-time control of the drying process, thus enabling the electrode drying process to be automated and unmanned, essentially eliminating the generation of electrode defects, and improving production efficiency.
Claims
1. An automated system for drying conditions of electrodes in a secondary battery, the automated system comprising: The conveying unit conveys, in the conveying direction, a preliminary electrode onto which the electrode active material slurry is coated onto the current collector. One or more drying units are arranged along the conveying direction and dry the preliminary electrode. One or more sensors measure the electrode temperature of the preliminary electrode in real time and transmit the information to the system control unit. The system control unit receives information from the one or more sensors and adjusts the drying conditions. The drying conditions are adjusted when the information received from the one or more sensors meets the following conditions: α > 0, and β = 0.5 Wherein, α is the electrode heating rate of the preliminary electrode, β is the electrode heating acceleration of the preliminary electrode, and The system control unit plots the electrode temperature, the electrode heating rate, and the electrode heating acceleration of the preliminary electrode into a graph based on the information received from the sensor, and the electrode heating rate and the electrode heating acceleration are obtained from the graph.
2. The automated system for drying conditions of electrodes for secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein: The one or more sensors and the one or more drying units are installed in the same drying oven.
3. The automated system for drying conditions of electrodes for secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein: The one or more sensors are arranged alternately with the one or more drying units.
4. The automated system for drying conditions of electrodes for secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein: The information about the electrode active material slurry and the drying process conditions are input to the system control unit before the drying of the preliminary electrode begins, and the system control unit changes the drying conditions when the information received from the one or more sensors meets the conditions.
5. The automated system for drying conditions of electrodes for secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein: The system control unit may lower the drying temperature, increase the conveying speed of the conveying unit, or stop the drying process altogether.
6. The automated system for drying conditions of electrodes for secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein: The one or more drying units are either hot air units that generate hot air or heating units that directly apply heat.
7. The automated system for drying conditions of electrodes for secondary batteries according to claim 1, wherein: The one or more sensors are IR sensors.