Grinding frame

Abstract

A grinding frame (2) for grinding rails (S) laid in a track during a pass is disclosed. Grinding bodies (5, 5') of each grinding row (6, 6') are positioned in their respective grinding rows (6, 6') by being disposed in their respective grinding body receptacles (4), such that for each grinding body (5, 5') in the selected grinding row (6, 6'), a perpendicular line (L) to a first plane (E) does not intersect the longitudinal axis (BL) of the beam, but extends through the longitudinal axis at a distance a, wherein the perpendicular line, starting from the midpoint (M) of the axis of the grinding body (5, 5'), bisects the axial length of the grinding body (5, 5') along the grinding body rotation axis (SD) of the grinding body, wherein all grinding body rotation axes (SD) of the grinding bodies (5, 5') in the grinding rows (6, 6') lie in the first plane.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a grinding frame for grinding rails laid in a track during a crossing. The grinding frame has a frame and at least one grinding beam, typically at least one for each of the left and right rails, which is rotatably fixed within the frame about its longitudinal axis. At the grinding beam of this grinding frame, grinding body receptacles are sequentially arranged at at least two circumferential positions in grinding rows extending along the longitudinal direction of the grinding beam. A grinding body is fixed in each grinding body receptacle, the grinding body being rotatably mounted relative to the grinding body receptacle about its rotational axis and rotationally symmetrical about the rotational axis. Background Technology

[0002] As is well known, railway rails laid in tracks are processed for maintenance and repair purposes. In particular, the movement of heavy-duty railcars causes wear at the railheads, resulting in changes in their lateral profile. However, frequent crossings also lead to this wear. Therefore, regular rail profile adjustments are necessary. Furthermore, the prolonged crossings of railcars can also create microcracks on the rail surface, especially at the railheads, which pose a risk of further crack formation and potential rail breakage.

[0003] Different methods are used in the maintenance, repair, and preventative maintenance of rails laid in tracks. Thus, there are track-driven milling devices used to profile the rails laid in tracks. Nowadays, rails laid in tracks are also preventatively or during early maintenance to remove microcracks or prevent their formation with a small amount of material and to maintain or restore the desired profile of the railhead. This grinding process is particularly useful on high-speed sections, but also on other routes, including urban rail transit such as subways or suburban trains. It has been successfully performed for many years using a method in which a freely rotating, non-driven grinding body mounted on its axis of rotation travels at a relatively high speed (e.g., approximately 80 km / h), with the axis of rotation of the grinding body inclined at an angle other than 90° to the rail. Sufficient torque is generated by the high speed and friction to keep the grinding body in rotation and thus achieve a grinding effect on the surface of the railhead. For example, this method and the apparatus for performing the method are described in EP 708 205A1 and EP 1 460 176 A1.

[0004] For this purpose, grinding media are typically housed in grinding frames, which are in turn mounted on railcars, with the grinding process performed by the railcars during track crossing. In many cases, multiple such grinding frames are also provided, with grinding media housed within them, particularly in two lateral positions to process two tracks during crossing. Here, to enhance the grinding effect, multiple grinding media are sequentially arranged in a grinding row. To enable rapid positioning of replacement parts for worn grinding media during the grinding process, multiple replacement parts are radially arranged on a central grinding beam in this grinding row. By rotating about the longitudinal axis of the beam, the replacement wear row rotates in a timely manner in the grinding position, allowing it to process the track head. In this way, severely worn grinding media can be quickly replaced during the grinding process. For this purpose, the grinding beam can be raised to disengage the grinding media from the track, then rotated so that a row with new grinding media rotates into the working position, and then lowered thereafter so that grinding processing can continue with the new grinding media. This can be done quickly during operation, thus allowing for longer operating times until, during transit, the radially worn grinding media at all circumferential locations must be replaced with new grinding media during the equipment's standby period. For example, CN203334149 U shows and describes such an arrangement of grinding media at different circumferential locations on the grinding beam, wherein the grinding media are arranged in a cross-shaped configuration in cross-section with four angularly spaced intervals of 90° each along the circumference of the grinding beam.

[0005] Here, the radial arrangement of the grinding rack on the central grinding beam has the following characteristics: the rotation axes of all the grinding bodies in the grinding rack lie in a single plane, which has a certain perpendicular distance from the longitudinal axis of the beam. During operation, the surface of the rail head processed by the grinding bodies is offset relative to the plane by the radius of the grinding bodies; this surface can also be identified as a "grinding track" in the longitudinal direction of the rail. Rails processed by the grinding bodies located on the grinding beam typically have grinding tracks on the rail head corresponding to the curvature of a spherical rail surface. The grinding bodies are positioned at rail locations known from the prior art, and the grinding beam is aligned during operation such that the central axis of the grinding track projects onto a plane directly above the longitudinal axis of the beam, wherein this plane is unfolded by the rotation axis of the grinding bodies in the grinding rack that is attached to the rail during grinding. This has the advantage that the resulting compressive force of the rail rack is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the beam, and the compressive force of the grinding bodies does not apply torque to the rotatably mounted grinding beam. Here, the feed direction of the grinding beam should be based on a vector perpendicular to the plane unfolded by the rotation axis of the grinding bodies. The advantages of this are: as the wear of the grinding media continues and the radius decreases, the alignment relative to the rail and thus the grinding track remains unchanged, the grinding media wears evenly, and the rail is ground evenly. In practice, the grinding media pressed against the rail in the working position is positioned and aligned such that the grinding media is processed with the grinding track in the middle section. Thus, in other words, the known grinding beam is constructed such that a line starting radially from the longitudinal axis of the beam extends through the midpoint of the axis during operation, wherein the line intersects the centerline of the grinding track, and the midpoint of the axis is located at the center of the longitudinal extension of the adjacent grinding media along the axis of rotation of the respective grinding media. Then, the grinding media worn during operation is also pressed and adjusted along the line, such that the wear of the grinding media is then carried out strictly radially during operation.

[0006] In the aforementioned rail grinding equipment, the grinding beam can be displaced or moved relative to the grinding frame rolling on the rail in different ways, and its position can be adjusted. The grinding beam can be fed substantially radially to or lifted from the rail head of the rail to be processed, in order to start, end, or interrupt the grinding process, and also to apply sufficient compressive pressure to the grinding body during the grinding process, allowing the grinding body to track its circumferential grinding by a certain dimension. Furthermore, the grinding beam can be adjusted so that the grinding body shifts circumferentially along the rail body, thereby determining the desired profile and enabling it to be formed through grinding. This is also known from CN 203334149U.

[0007] Furthermore, the abrasive particles generated during grinding, including those from rails and grinding media, must be collected and not simply released into the environment. On the one hand, the resulting dust particles are extremely hot, thus appearing as sparks and potentially causing fires if released uncontrolled, such as roadbed fires at track sections on land. On the other hand, when abrasive particles and dust are released into the environment, they become an environmental burden. Accordingly, a dust extraction device with a housing or guide structure is provided, positioned as close as possible to the grinding media engaged with the rails, to collect and extract the generated abrasive particles and dust in a circumferential manner. The extracted grinding dust is then loaded into a hopper on the device or carried by the device and subsequently processed or reused. This type of dust collection device and its associated guide and collection structures are disclosed, for example, in EP 2 886 714 A1 and CN203923822U.

[0008] The problem with known solutions is that the grinding beam, when in operation, is positioned low as it grinds the rail body using the grinding media mounted on it, and particularly when machining the railhead edge located inside the rail, it protrudes deep into the rail. Here, there is a risk that the grinding beam, or the grinding media mounted on it in a non-operating position, and the associated grinding media housing, may enter a so-called gap profile defined in the rail and required to remain unobstructed by the rail operator, i.e., not to be damaged. This is because such components, such as axle counters or other engineering parts, are typically located there and should not be threatened or even damaged by impacts. In areas such as level crossings, this profile is often repeatedly filled with road paving. Therefore, in addition to the space occupied by the grinding beam and its attachments or the grinding frame itself, there is also the mechanical space required for components of dust collection devices. Thus, further space is needed at these locations to move the guide structures, such as guide plates, as close as possible to the position of the grinding media guided along the rail.

[0009] Here, the more the railhead is ground in a downward-guided position at the outer travel edge, the more severe the potential damage to the clearance. In a coordinate system used to specify positional data along the cross-sectional profile of the railhead, for example, according to German railway regulations, the travel edge should be ground down to -14mm on the Z-axis (Z-14), where the Z-axis is vertical and centered on the railhead, and the Y-axis is horizontal, resting against the highest point of the profile and pointing towards the outer travel edge. Achieving this with existing systems is particularly challenging because the significant downward drop of the grinding beam into the clearance profile is associated with such extensive downward grinding at the travel edge. This depth of drop in the grinding beam, or further rotation of the grinding beam around the railhead towards the rail's interior, results in the grinding media in the working position already significantly damaging the clearance profile. Therefore, in the case of such extensive downward grinding of the railhead at the travel edge, the grinding beam must be rotated far enough that the grinding rows, particularly those pointing inward and not in the working position, are at risk of damaging the clearance profile and then effectively leaving no space for dust collection on the inner side.

[0010] To address the aforementioned issues, a grinding beam has been implemented where, instead of four grinding rows arranged in a cross-shaped configuration across the beam (i.e., offset by 90° along the circumference of the beam), only three such grinding rows are used, arranged in a Y-shape in the cross-section. By reducing the number of grinding rows on the grinding beam, the damage gap can be slightly reduced in a simpler manner. Although this results in a direct reduction in the processing range and more frequent interruptions to load new grinding media, this is compensated for by the acquisition of space, particularly for the grinding media in the waiting positions positioned towards the center of the track, where the media extend slightly inward or downward into the gap. However, even reducing the number of grinding rows from four to three (with an angle of 120° instead of 90° between the grinding rows, or a Y-shape instead of an X-shape), the space gained is still insufficient for installing a dust collection device. Summary of the Invention

[0011] Based on the above, the object of the present invention is to provide an improved grinding frame and a rail grinding device equipped with such a grinding frame for grinding rails laid in the track during a pass, which allows the rail head to be ground both at its travel edge and at a lower Z position, and in particular, also provides sufficient space for a guide structure for setting up a dust collection device for collecting and sucking up the grinding dust.

[0012] The stated objective is achieved according to the invention by a grinding frame for grinding the rails laid in the track during passage. Advantageous improvements of this grinding frame are described in detail in this application. Another aspect of the solution to the above problem lies in a rail grinding apparatus for grinding the rails laid in the track during passage. Advantageous improvements of this rail grinding apparatus are mentioned in this application.

[0013] Therefore, according to the present invention, a grinding frame for grinding rails laid in a track during a pass is proposed, having a frame and at least one grinding beam rotatably fixed within the frame about a longitudinal axis of the beam, particularly having at least one such grinding beam for each of the left and right rails, wherein grinding body receiving portions are sequentially arranged in grinding rows extending along the longitudinal direction of the grinding beam at at least two circumferential positions at the at least one grinding beam. Grinding bodies are fixed in each grinding body receiving portion, the grinding bodies being freely rotatably mounted relative to their respective grinding body rotation axis and rotationally symmetrical relative to the grinding body rotation axis. Here, the grinding frame according to the present invention is characterized in that the grinding bodies in the grinding rows are positioned in their respective grinding body receiving portions in a specific manner, such that for each grinding body in one of the grinding rows, a perpendicular line perpendicular to a first plane intentionally does not intersect the longitudinal axis of the beam, but extends at regular intervals through the longitudinal axis of the beam, wherein the perpendicular line starting from the midpoint of the axis of the grinding body bisects the axial length of the grinding body determined along the grinding body rotation axis of the grinding body, wherein all grinding body rotation axes of the grinding bodies in the grinding rows lie in the first plane. The rotation axes of the grinding elements arranged sequentially in each grinding row lie in or through a first plane. Then, the grinding elements of the grinding row, or the grinding element receptacles holding the grinding elements, are tangentially offset such that the perpendiculars relative to the first plane do not intersect the longitudinal axis of the beam, but instead pass through the longitudinal axis of the beam at regular intervals, extending tangentially relative to the longitudinal axis of the beam, wherein the perpendiculars originate from the midpoint of the axis of each grinding element considered in the grinding row. Thus, in operation, it is particularly ensured that, for grinding elements in the working position, the projection of the grinding track centerline onto the previously determined plane is intentionally positioned next to the longitudinal axis of the beam, which also forms the beam's rotation axis.

[0014] Therefore, with this arrangement, the grinding elements or grinding rows formed by the arrangement, which are sequentially arranged along the grinding beam, are offset on the grinding beam in such a way that the grinding elements or grinding rows are no longer radially aligned. As a result, compared to the radial arrangement of known methods, the grinding rows, which are not in the working position occupied for grinding railheads but in an unused or waiting position, are positioned significantly higher, thus entering the gap less in any case, even without damaging the gap, and also leaving more space for the dust collection device. Furthermore, with the selected arrangement, the extended longitudinal axis of the beam is significantly offset upwards, and the grinding beam must rotate around the longitudinal axis of the beam to switch the grinding elements used for processing. Thus, the entire grinding beam or the grinding frame with the grinding beam does not have to be raised as much as the travel path required by the grinding beam formed by the prior art for this switching or rotation process performed without damaging the gap profile.

[0015] During operation, the grinding media are pressed against the rail to be processed, just as the grinding beam is adjusted according to the continuous wear of the grinding media and the resulting decrease in diameter along the corresponding vertical direction. This retains the advantages of the prior art in maintaining the strict radial wear of the grinding media in the working position.

[0016] However, the offset setting or alignment of the grinding bodies at the grinding beam, as described above, means that the reactive force induced by the adjusting force no longer acts radially relative to the longitudinal axis of the beam, but rather tangentially offsets, wherein the adjusting force presses the grinding beam, or the grinding pads with their respective grinding bodies in the working position, against the rail. Consequently, a torque or moment is now induced on the grinding beam during grinding, which is initially disadvantageous because appropriate countermeasures must be taken to absorb the torque and reliably hold the grinding beam in its set rotational position. However, the advantages gained from the spatial acquisition described above outweigh the disadvantages.

[0017] However, the following points should be noted when selecting the offset size of the grinding row as set above:

[0018] On the one hand, the wider the offset, the better. The greater the offset, the better, especially by positioning the built-in grinding wheel away from the vehicle boundary and also away from the railhead level, or by providing more space for further loading and for operators to stay in the area, for example, to replace worn grinding wheels with new ones or for other maintenance work.

[0019] However, the offset and compressive force also create the torque, or torsion, acting on the grinding beam as described above. The greater the offset, and therefore the longer the virtual lever, the higher the torque becomes. As explained above, because the torque must be maintained by braking or locking so that the grinding beam does not twist from its set rotational position, this torque should therefore not be too large, so the degree of offset is limited in practice.

[0020] In an advantageous improvement of the grinding frame according to the invention, each grinding element is positioned in its respective grinding element housing such that a straight line does not pass through the corresponding grinding element, the straight line being located in a second plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the beam and including a perpendicular line originating from the midpoint of the axis of the corresponding grinding element, extending parallel to the perpendicular line and intersecting the longitudinal axis of the beam. In this arrangement, the offset of the strictly radially aligned grinding elements is further amplified, thus further amplifying the effect described above of the higher position of the grinding elements in the maintenance position, and also improving the effect that the grinding beam or grinding frame must be rotated about its longitudinal axis to switch grinding elements without being raised as high, and therefore always still provided with an offset that causes a controllable torque derived from the offset. A suitable solution for achieving the desired effect by the aforementioned offset is as follows: Each grinding element is positioned within its respective grinding element housing, as proposed in one possible design of the grinding frame according to the invention, such that a straight line is spaced at least 20 mm, particularly at least 50 mm, advantageously at least 70 mm from the vertical line. This straight line lies in a second plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the beam and includes a vertical line originating from the midpoint of the axis of the respective grinding element, extending parallel to the vertical line and intersecting the longitudinal axis of the beam. However, the offset can still be limited to such an extent that the torque caused by the offset is still controllable and the grinding beam can be maintained in the set rotational position.

[0021] In principle, the offset according to the invention can be obtained, for example, by fixing, for example, welding, or screwing a bracket to a grinding beam, for example, a tubular shape and a circular cross-section, wherein the bracket thus constitutes a fixing surface for the offset of the grinding body receiving portion. Of course, this configuration limits the possible offset because the bracket, for example, can no longer be installed and fixed to the circular cross-section tubular grinding beam by means of outwardly extending supports, since screws can no longer be installed or welding can no longer be performed in a very narrow or "covered" space. Alternatively, to remedy this and gain greater design freedom, a new design of the beam tube with a star-shaped cross-section can be chosen. Thus, the grinding beam no longer has a circular cross-section tube in the ridge, but is instead formed, for example, as a welded assembly of a flat plate, which already serves as the bracket constituting the offset.

[0022] As described above, in the rail grinding principle of the rail grinding apparatus equipped with the grinding frame according to the invention, the rail is ground during the crossing process. Here, the rotation of the grinding body is generated by the oblique placement of the grinding body's rotation axis and the friction of the grinding body at the rail for traction along the longitudinal direction of the rail. In this respect, the grinding body can advantageously be set at an angle other than 90° relative to the grinding body's rotation axis, particularly at an angle between 40° and 60°, the grinding body's rotation axis extending obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis of the beam.

[0023] Advantageously, in the corresponding arrangement of grinding bodies, particularly in a row configuration, the rotation axes of multiple grinding bodies arranged sequentially in the longitudinal direction of the grinding beam and at a common circumferential position can extend parallel to each other. Therefore, a uniform grinding pattern can be generated and enhanced by using multiple grinding bodies arranged in the same order. To reduce the torque acting on the grinding beam or grinding frame, generated by friction between the grinding body and the rail to be ground, the inclination of the grinding body rotation axes relative to the longitudinal axis of the beam can be set in groups by aligning them at an angle α in the first group and 180°-α in the second group.

[0024] The easily operable and always identically aligned arrangement and distribution of grinding media along the grinding beam, achieved through the obtained symmetry, can be realized by the following: According to an advantageous design of the grinding frame according to the invention, at the grinding beam, grinding media receptacles and grinding media rotatably mounted and fixed within the grinding media are arranged sequentially in a substantially linear manner along the longitudinal direction of the grinding beam at three circumferential positions, particularly at uniform angular intervals. In principle, it is also clearly feasible to have only two or more than three rows, for example, four rows of grinding media. However, it is shown that this arrangement or arrangement of the grinding media, with three circumferential intervals of 120° around the grinding beam and thus a generally Y-shaped cross-section, allows for a good trade-off between sufficient running time (working route) and obtaining an additionally expanded distance between the grinding media in the waiting position and the railhead level through offset, which can be achieved without replacing the individual grinding media, but only by rotating and replacing the arrangement of grinding media, i.e., allowing for a large degree of clearance.

[0025] To allow for the replacement of worn grinding media with new, unworn media when all grinding media from different rows have worn out, it is proposed that the grinding media be detachably secured in a grinding media receptacle. Here, for example, a central locking system, pneumatically or hydraulically operated, can be provided to release or lock a row of grinding media as a whole in the grinding media receptacle.

[0026] To enable automatic switching of the grinding rows during operation, it is advantageous to propose that the grinding frame according to the invention has a rotary drive for the grinding beam in the rotating frame. This rotary drive can be motor-driven, for example, in the form of a hydraulic drive or an electric motor. Consequently, a brake or blocking mechanism should also be advantageously provided, which maintains the rotational position of the grinding beam and prevents it from twisting due to the applied torque exerted by the grinding action between the grinding body and the rail, or by the applied pressing force, which presses against the rail. As explained above, the application of this torque to a heightened degree due to the offset originating from the precise radial alignment of the grinding body necessitates particularly effective braking or locking of the grinding beam. As previously stated, the greater the offset relative to the precise radial alignment of the grinding body, the higher the torque. Here, maintaining a controllable torque that can be absorbed in the locking of the grinding beam forms a configurable offset limit.

[0027] In a typical application of the invention, the grinding media can be formed in a cylindrical shape. This is particularly effective for circumferential grinding using the grinding media.

[0028] In another aspect of the invention, in order to achieve the object mentioned at the beginning, a rail grinding device is proposed, particularly a self-propelled rail grinding device for grinding rails laid in a track during a passing process. The rail grinding device has a chassis and wheels disposed on the chassis for traveling on the rails, and the rail grinding device also has at least one grinding frame having the characteristics and features described above.

[0029] To capture, remove, and ultimately collect the abrasive dust generated during rail grinding, the rail grinding equipment may have a dust collection device, such as a dust collection baffle, disposed in the area of ​​at least one grinding frame. This dust collection device is connected to a suction line for drawing in air carrying the abrasive dust. The dust collection device may be specially designed with the grinding beam and the offset abrasive body housing, as explained above, to allow sufficient space to move close to the grinding body, enabling highly efficient and comprehensive collection and suction of the generated abrasive dust, wherein the grinding body is positioned in a working position against the rail. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following description of possible design variations, as well as from designs shown according to the prior art.

[0031] This is shown here:

[0032] Figure 1A schematic diagram is shown to illustrate the basic structure of the grinding frame and the rail grinding equipment equipped with the grinding frame.

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a grinding beam with four grinding rows according to the prior art is shown in two views, a and b, along the longitudinal axis of the grinding beam.

[0034] Figure 3 It shows the relationship with Figure 2 The view compared to that with three grinding rows instead of four grinding rows Figure 1 and 2 The image shows a modified view of a grinding beam known from the prior art;

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the grinding media in the grinding rack to illustrate the position of the grinding media rotation axis.

[0036] Figure 5 Another schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the grinding media in the grinding rack to illustrate the position of the grinding media rotation axis;

[0037] Figure 6 According to Figure 6 The view of a shows, as Figure 3 The grinding beam shown illustrates the geometry for determining the alignment of the grinding bodies therein and according to... Figure 6 The view of b shows the inclusion of Figure 6 An enlarged view of the region within the circle drawn in a is provided to further illustrate the geometric relationships;

[0038] Figure 7 With Figure 2 and Figure 3 A similar view shows the grinding beam according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 With Figure 7 A similar view shows a grinding beam designed according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 9 It shows two devices according to the invention, which are located at the two rails laid parallel in the track, for grinding the two rails in the track. Figure 7 and 8 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of the grinding beams as shown in the figure;

[0041] Figure 10 Showing with Figure 7 or Figure 8 A similar view is provided for a possible variation of the grinding beam according to the invention; and

[0042] Figure 11A schematic diagram illustrating the track layout to explain the plane formed by the upper edge of the rails and the plane in the middle of the track.

[0043] List of reference numerals in the attached diagram:

[0044] 1. Rail grinding equipment

[0045] 2 Grinding rack

[0046] 3 Grinding Beam

[0047] 4 Grinding media receiving section

[0048] 5. Grinding media in working position

[0049] 5' Grinding media in the waiting position

[0050] 6 Grinding racks in working position

[0051] 6' Grinding rack in the waiting position

[0052] 7. Rail wheels / rail guiding devices

[0053] 9. Grinding media holder in the waiting position

[0054] 9' Grinding media holder in working position

[0055] 10 fixed brackets

[0056] a spacing

[0057] b First dimension

[0058] c Second size

[0059] B-axis length

[0060] D double arrow

[0061] E First Plane

[0062] F Second Plane

[0063] G (straight line)

[0064] GL orbit

[0065] GM track center plane

[0066] perpendicular line L

[0067] L' perpendicular line

[0068] LA beam longitudinal axis

[0069] Midpoint of M axis

[0070] P arrow

[0071] S-rail

[0072] SD grinding head rotation axis

[0073] SE plane

[0074] SK railhead

[0075] SW sleeper Detailed Implementation

[0076] The invention disclosed and claimed herein is explained in more detail below and presented with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are schematic diagrams not designed to detail and scale. Reference is also made to the drawings illustrating configurations according to known prior art or examples not based on the invention, in order to better illustrate the advantages and effects achieved by utilizing the invention.

[0077] exist Figure 1 The diagram first schematically illustrates a rail grinding device 1 for grinding rails in the track during a passing operation. Here, for example, at least one grinding frame 2 can be provided and arranged as a central element in the rail grinding device 1 of a rail grinding train grinding unit. The grinding frame 2 itself includes at least one grinding beam 3, particularly for each of the left and right rails, mounted in the grinding frame as a central element. The grinding beam can rotate relative to the grinding frame 2 about its longitudinal axis BL and can be fixed in a selected rotational position. Specifically, a motor drive, such as a hydraulic drive, can be provided for rotating the grinding beam 3. A corresponding braking or locking mechanism can be provided to hold the grinding beam 3 in the selected rotational position. The braking or locking mechanism is specifically designed to withstand the forces and torques acting on the grinding beam 3 during operation and to hold the grinding beam 3 in its position within the grinding frame 2. A grinding body receiving portion 4 and grinding bodies 5, 5' fixed therein are sequentially arranged in the longitudinal direction of the grinding beam 3 at different locations along its circumference. Here, the grinding body 5 is positioned in the working position, while the grinding body 5' is in the waiting position.

[0078] Here, grinding bodies 5 and 5' are mounted in the grinding body receiving portion 4 so as to rotate freely about the grinding body rotation axis, wherein the grinding body rotation axis extends at a certain angle relative to the longitudinal axis BL of the beam, the angle being particularly different from a right angle, for example, it can be 40° to 60°. The grinding bodies 5 and 5' are formed in a rotationally symmetrical manner about the grinding body rotation axis. The grinding bodies are also particularly detachably disposed in the grinding body receiving portion 4, so that they can be easily removed from the grinding body receiving portion 4 when worn and can be replaced with new grinding bodies 5 and 5'. In order to improve the grinding effect, such as Figure 1As shown, multiple grinding body receptacles 4 are arranged in combination in grinding rows 6 and 6' at different angular positions of the grinding beam 3, the grinding body receptacles extending along the longitudinal direction of the grinding beam 3. This results in a turret-like arrangement, where the grinding rows 6 and 6' and the grinding bodies 5 and 5' disposed therein are interchanged by rotating the grinding beam 3 in the grinding frame 2. Furthermore, the grinding rows 6 can be arranged such that the grinding bodies 5 therein are attached to the rails S laid in the track, and the railheads SK can be ground there. Other grinding rows 6' with grinding bodies 5' are then in a waiting position.

[0079] During operation, the rail grinding equipment 1 travels on rail wheels 7 above rails S laid in the track, with grinding media 5 abutting the rail head SK of the rail S to be ground being pulled along the rail S. This relative motion causes the freely rotatable grinding media 5 to rotate, thus performing a grinding action and peeling away material along the grinding path to grind the rail S, more precisely, the rail head SK. To achieve this, the grinding beam 3 presses against the rail head SK with a preset pressure; if necessary, the entire grinding frame 2 can also press against the rail head SK in this manner.

[0080] Figure 1 The rail grinding equipment schematically shown can be, in principle, a rail grinding equipment formed according to the prior art, but it can also be a rail grinding equipment according to the design scheme of the present invention, which is provided with a grinding frame 2 or a grinding beam 3 and is described in more detail below.

[0081] The following first describes the known design schemes of conventional grinding beams 3 according to the prior art, such as their... Figure 2 As shown in a and b, 3, and 6a and b. In the grinding beam 3 known in the prior art, brackets 9 are provided at the central beam member 8 in four or three grinding rows at the same angular spacing of 90° or 120°. The beam member can generally be formed with a circular tubular cross-section. Grinding body receiving parts 4 are arranged in rows sequentially in the longitudinal direction of the grinding beam 3 and fixed at the brackets. Grinding bodies 5, 5' are detachably installed in the grinding body receiving parts in an oblique alignment with the freely rotating axis of rotation as described above. In particular, an operating mechanism for locking or releasing the grinding bodies 5, 5' can be installed inside the brackets 9.

[0082] Figure 2 A known grinding beam with four grinding rows is shown. Here, in Figure 2Figure a illustrates a situation where the grinding body 5 of the grinding row 6, in its working position, acts on the traveling edge pointing inwards at the rail head SK of the rail S, in order to process the rail by grinding. To grind the traveling edge located at the typically round rail head SK on the inner side of the rail, the grinding beam 3 must be lowered and rotated accordingly, as illustrated by arrows P and D. Here, the grinding row 6, pointing inwards towards the center of the rail, particularly the grinding body 5' positioned there in the lower waiting position, protrudes inwards and downwards towards the bottom of the rail. Here, the space R is indicated by shading, which in this case extends up to the plane SE defined by the extension of the upper edge of the rail and up to the rail mid-plane GE perpendicular to said plane (see Figure 1). Figure 11 ), so that the rail grinding equipment 1 can be specially set up there or brought there, for example, a shielding element or housing element or guiding element of a special dust collection device. It is also indicated by arrow P: the grinding beam 3 with grinding body 5 presses against the rail head SK with the extrusion force required for the grinding process.

[0083] exist Figure 2 Figure a shows the result when the rail head SK is ground up to position Z-8, which is observed in cross-section at a position 8 mm below the highest point of the center of the rail head SK. If further downward grinding of the travel edge is to be performed, specifically up to position Z-14, i.e., up to a position 14 mm below the highest point of the center of the rail head SK, then a further outward and downward rotating position is provided by means of the grinding beam 3 known from the prior art, as it is in Figure 2 As shown in b. It is evident here that the grinding row 6', which is in the lower waiting position and protrudes inwardly downward in the position where it is not engaged with the rail S during operation, and the grinding body 5' disposed therein, now extend further in the direction of the plane SE, thereby significantly reducing the space R, so that there is almost no space left for the guide plate for introducing other components, especially the dust collection device.

[0084] This also allows for a possible solution to expand the space R or minimize damage to the space in a deeper grinding location using the grinding beam 3. Figure 3 The variation shown is given in the figure. In this variation, the number of grinding rows 6, 6' is reduced to three such grinding rows 6, 6', which are arranged along the circumference of the grinding beam 3 at a uniform angular spacing of 120°. This reduction to three grinding rows 6, 6' with grinding elements 5, 5' is a compromise, wherein there are always three sets of grinding elements 5, 5', which can be replaced by rotating the grinding beam 3 during continuous operation. This also produces an acceptable grinding range (which is already crucial in the case of only two rows of such grinding elements), wherein the grinding elements are arranged in a row along the grinding beam 3. However, as... Figure 3 As can be seen, this solution also significantly restricts the space R in which the corresponding other components of the rail grinding equipment 1 are placed, or must be introduced into the space R in order to ensure, in particular, the complete collection and extraction of the grinding dust generated.

[0085] Accordingly, the inventors propose another design by means of which, even when the grinding body 5 is engaged lower at the rail head SK in the working position, a space R will be maintained large enough to limit the placement of additional elements there, particularly for collecting and suctioning the grinding dust generated during the grinding of the rail S.

[0086] Before explaining the other designs of the grinding beam 3 according to the invention in more detail below, it is necessary to first explain the basic geometry in the arrangement of the grinding beams and some further explanations of the relationships in the grinding beam 3 known from the prior art, especially in its operation.

[0087] first, Figure 4 and 5 A schematic diagram showing the geometric specificity or characteristics of the arrangement of the grinding elements 5 assembled in the grinding rack 6. Figure 4 In addition to the beam longitudinal axis BL, which is tangentially offset relative to the longitudinal axis of rail S during operation according to the design scheme of the present invention, the beam longitudinal axis BL' is also drawn, as it would exist in the design scheme according to the prior art. Figure 4 and 5 The rotation axis SD of the grinding media can be seen in the image, and the rotation axis of the grinding media (see in particular) Figure 4 The grinding beam 5 of the grinding row 6 is inclined at an angle other than 90° relative to the longitudinal axis BL of the grinding beam, wherein the rotation axis of the grinding body is mounted at the grinding beam. Figure 4 and 5 The rotation axis SD of the grinding body shown in the view can also be oriented obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis BL of the beam in different directions, all lying in a common plane E, hereinafter referred to as the first plane E, through which the rotation axis of the grinding body also passes. Furthermore, the midpoint M of the axis of the grinding body 5 is visible, marking half of the longitudinal extension of the grinding body 5 along the rotation axis SD.

[0088] exist Figure 5 A perpendicular line L is drawn onto the first plane E, extending through the midpoint M of the axis of the grinding body 5. Such a perpendicular line L exists for each grinding body 5.

[0089] Now, according to Figure 6a and b further explain in more detail the special geometric setup and alignment of the grinding bodies 5 and 5' in the grinding beam 3 used in the prior art, wherein the previously used... Figure 4 and 5 The reference grinding media rotation axis SD, axial midpoint M, and vertical line L.

[0090] As can be seen in the accompanying drawings, the perpendiculars of all grinding rows are perpendicular to the first plane E through which the rotation axis SD passes, and extend through the midpoint M of the axis located in the middle of the axial length B of the grinding bodies 5 and 5', intersecting the longitudinal axis BL of the beam. The previous grinding beam 3 was designed in this way because when the grinding bodies 5 of the grinding row 6, in the working position, press against the rail head to be ground, the reaction force acting on the grinding beam is radially absorbed, thus preventing torque or torque from being applied to the grinding beam. Accordingly, the grinding bodies 5, which are pressed and gradually worn there, are fed in the direction of the corresponding perpendicular line L. This ensures that the grinding bodies 5 undergo strict radial wear during operation and that the grinding track on the rail S remains unchanged.

[0091] Now, in Figure 7 and 8 The text shows the differences between the two. Figure 2 and 3 The view is similar to the view of the grinding beam 3 according to the present invention. Here, it is first clearly visible that... Figure 7 and Figure 3 The comparison also shows the relationship with Figure 3 The grinding beam 3 shown in the figure Figure 7 The position of the dashed line is compared, and the advantages achieved by this spatial arrangement are clearly visible; based on Figure 7 According to the design of the present invention, when the grinding body 5 in the working position is adjusted to the rail head SK, the space R is significantly larger than that of the grinding beam 3. Figure 3 The known design is shown in the figure.

[0092] Now, according to the invention, particularly with reference below... Figure 8 A more detailed explanation of the design's unique feature is that the grinding media receiving section 4, and consequently the grinding media 5 and 5' disposed therein, no longer... Figure 2 and 3 Instead of being arranged in a strictly radially aligned manner relative to the grinding beam 3 as shown in the prior art, the grinding body housing and the grinding body are arranged in an offset manner, for example, by means of... Figure 4 The bracket 9' is configured in a curved manner as shown in the figure, wherein in Figure 8 For a better overview, the grinding element 5 in its working position is shown again schematically, but the associated grinding element housing is not shown. The offset formed here can be described geometrically in particular according to the following criteria:

[0093] In the design of the grinding beam 3 or grinding frame having the present invention, the grinding bodies 5, 5' of the grinding rows 6, 6' are respectively disposed in the grinding body receiving portion 4, such that their grinding body rotation axes SD lie in a common first plane E. Of course, unlike the prior art, the grinding bodies 5, 5' are not oriented such that for each grinding body 5, 5', the perpendicular line L originating from its midpoint M of its axis and intersecting the longitudinal axis of the beam, intersects the beam's longitudinal axis; instead, the perpendicular line L does not intersect the beam's longitudinal axis BL. In other words, a tangential offset is formed here, starting from the desired strictly radial alignment of the grinding bodies according to the prior art, wherein the grinding bodies are selected to prevent torque or torque at the grinding beam 3 during operation. Simultaneously, the direction of pressing and feeding of the worn grinding body 5 in the working position remains unchanged relative to the prior art.

[0094] The offset can be expressed in more detail by the spacing a, oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis BL of the beam and in a second plane F including the perpendicular line L (the second plane F is in...). Figure 8 The distance a is perpendicular to the drawing plane and coincides with the vertical line L in the two-dimensional view, and is spaced from a straight line G extending parallel to the vertical line L and intersecting the longitudinal axis BL of the beam. This distance a can, for example, be in the range of 20 to 100 mm. Generally, the larger the distance a, the less the space R is affected, and thus more space remains at that location. However, on the other hand, the distance a also determines the lever arm, through which torque or torque is applied to the grinding beam 3 by the reactive force acting along the vertical line L in the direction of the grinding beam 3. Therefore, the larger the distance a is chosen, the greater the torque or torque acting on the grinding beam 3 becomes. Here, a limit is set for the distance a, such that, relative to known solutions, the torque or torque that scales with the distance can no longer be reliably absorbed or compensated by correspondingly additional locking or retaining mechanisms that need to be significantly strengthened or functionally enhanced to hold the grinding beam 3 in its set rotational position. For example, the distance a can be at least 20 mm. Advantageously, it can also be at least 50 mm. In a practical example, the inventors chose a distance a of 70 mm. However, larger values ​​can also be considered, such as a spacing a of 100 mm. The larger the chosen spacing a, the greater the distance the grinding row 6' in the waiting position is raised horizontally from the upper edge of the rail. However, a larger spacing a also results in a higher torque or torque applied to the grinding beam 3, which needs to be absorbed. The spacing a can also be specifically chosen such that the straight line G does not extend through the grinding bodies 5, 5'.

[0095] and Figure 3 and Figure 7 Compared to and also Figure 8It is readily apparent that, with the same grinding position at the rail head SK, not only is the space R significantly larger—specifically, the grinding bodies 5' in the waiting positions shown on the right in the figure are positioned significantly higher—but also the longitudinal axis L of the beam is significantly higher and closer to the rail S, even with the same grinding position of the grinding bodies 5 against the rail head SK in the working position. This brings additional advantages, because to replace the grinding row 6 with a new grinding row 6' containing new grinding bodies 5, it is not necessary to raise the grinding beam 3 so high by rotating it, since the grinding beam is already in its current higher position. This also avoids, or at least significantly reduces, gap damage during the rotation of the grinding beam 3, even if the path is small. This results in a faster adjustment process, allowing for smoother rotation and replacement of the grinding bodies 5, 5' during operation, correspondingly resulting in less downtime or shorter tracks of rail sections not ground by the currently rotating grinding beam 3.

[0096] Then, in Figure 8 Further advantages of the design scheme according to the present invention will be explained again:

[0097] Due to the particularly offset arrangement of the grinding bodies 5, 5' at the grinding beam 3, the grinding body 5, pointing towards the center of the track in the waiting position, extends a first dimension b shorter into the space pointing towards the center of the track compared to the case of a grinding beam 3 with three precisely radially aligned grinding rows 6, 6' according to the prior art. Furthermore, it is also evident that the grinding body 5' in the aforementioned waiting position is a second dimension c higher in the grinding strip 3 designed according to the invention compared to the grinding beam 3 similarly aligned for work according to the prior art. The second dimension c is the distance relative to the perpendicular L' of the grinding body in the waiting position according to the design of the prior art.

[0098] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of two grinding beams 3 is also shown, each acting on the rails S in the track GL on the two sleepers SW, more precisely, on their rail heads, via the grinding bodies 5 of the grinding rows 6 in their working positions. This is a common occurrence in rail grinding equipment, which typically grinds both rails S in the track GL in a single operation. It is readily apparent in the accompanying drawings how the space within the track interior is effectively utilized, thus allowing space for other components of the rail grinding equipment, such as guide structures for dust collection devices, but also for the operator when, for example, the grinding bodies 5, 5' must be replaced.

[0099] Finally, Figure 10The diagram shows an alternative design for the grinding beam 3. Instead of the basic structure with a circular or tubular cross-section, the grinding beam 3 is fixed to this basic structure. The bracket 9' must be fixed there, for example, by screws guiding a support 10 or by welding the support 10 to the basic body of the grinding beam 3. Furthermore, the offset basic body is formed from the outset by connecting, particularly welding, multiple areas extending in a planar manner. In this way, the bracket 9, also used in the prior art, can be easily and readily installed at the grinding beam 3 according to the invention, which is thus designed. Therefore, the offset is not achieved through a special design of the bracket 9', but rather more precisely through a special formation of the grinding beam 3 or its basic body itself.

[0100] As can be clearly seen again from the above description, the special features and most important advantages of the grinding frame and grinding beam of the present invention, as well as the rail grinding equipment provided with such a grinding frame and such a grinding beam, are evident once more.

Claims

1. A grinding frame (2) for grinding rails (S) laid in a track during a pass, the grinding frame having a frame and at least one grinding beam (3) rotatably fixed in the frame about a longitudinal axis (BL), grinding rows (6, 6') extending in the longitudinal direction along the grinding beam (3) are provided at at least two circumferential positions on the grinding beam, grinding body receiving portions (4) are sequentially provided in the grinding rows, wherein grinding bodies (5, 5') are fixed in each grinding body receiving portion (4), the grinding bodies are rotatably mounted relative to the grinding body receiving portion (4) about a grinding body rotation axis (SD) and are rotationally symmetrical about the grinding body rotation axis (SD), characterized in that, The grinding bodies (5, 5') of each grinding row (6, 6') are arranged in their respective grinding body receptacles (4) to be positioned in the corresponding grinding row (6, 6') such that for each grinding body (5, 5') in the corresponding selected grinding row (6, 6'), a perpendicular line (L) to the first plane (E) does not intersect the longitudinal axis (BL) of the beam, wherein the perpendicular line starting from the midpoint (M) of the axis of the grinding body (5, 5') bisects the axial length of the grinding body (5, 5') along the grinding body rotation axis (SD) of the grinding body, wherein the grinding body rotation axis (SD) of the grinding body (5, 5') of the grinding row (6, 6') lies in the first plane and the grinding body rotation axis (SD) does not pass through the rail head SK.

2. The grinding frame (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the grinding bodies (5, 5') is positioned in its respective grinding body receiving portion (4) such that a straight line (G) does not pass through the corresponding grinding body (5, 5'), the straight line being located in a second plane (F) perpendicular to the direction of the longitudinal axis (BL) of the beam and including a perpendicular line (L) originating from the midpoint (M) of the axis of the corresponding grinding body (5, 5'), and extending parallel to the perpendicular line (L) and intersecting the longitudinal axis of the beam.

3. The grinding frame (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the grinding bodies (5, 5') is positioned in its respective grinding body receiving portion (4) such that a straight line (G) is spaced at least 20 mm from a perpendicular line (L), wherein the straight line is located in a second plane (F) perpendicular to the direction of the longitudinal axis (BL) of the beam and includes a perpendicular line (L) originating from the midpoint (M) of the axis of the respective grinding body (5, 5'), and extends parallel to the perpendicular line (L) and intersects the longitudinal axis of the beam.

4. The grinding frame (2) according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The grinding media (5, 5') extend at an angle other than 90° relative to the axis of rotation (SD) of the grinding media.

5. The grinding frame (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding body rotation axes (SD) of the multiple grinding bodies (5, 5') are arranged sequentially at a common circumferential position and extend parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction of the grinding beam (3).

6. The grinding frame (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that, At the grinding beam (3), at three circumferential positions distributed at uniform angular intervals, a plurality of grinding body receiving portions (4) are arranged sequentially in a substantially straight line in the longitudinal direction of the grinding beam (3), and grinding bodies (5, 5') are rotatably installed and fixed in the grinding body receiving portions.

7. The grinding frame (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding media (5, 5') are detachably fixed in the grinding media receiving portion (4).

8. The grinding frame (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that, A rotary drive is provided for rotating the grinding beam (3) within the frame.

9. The grinding frame (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding media (5, 5') are formed in a cylindrical shape.

10. A rail grinding device (1), said rail grinding device for grinding rails (S) laid in a track during a crossing, said rail grinding device having a chassis and wheels (7) disposed on said chassis, said wheels for traveling on said rails (S), characterized in that, It is provided with at least one grinding frame (2) as described in claim 1.

11. The rail grinding equipment (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that, A dust collection device is provided in the area of ​​the at least one grinding rack (2), the dust collection device being connected to a suction line for drawing in air carrying grinding dust.

12. The rail grinding equipment (1) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, The rail grinding equipment is configured to be self-propelled.

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