Liquid hydrogen storage and transportation tank system

Abstract

The application discloses a liquid hydrogen storage and transportation tank system, which comprises a base, a first vacuum outer container welded with the base, a mounting seat assembly installed on the base and located in the first vacuum outer container, a liquid hydrogen tank assembly installed on the mounting seat assembly, a liquid hydrogen input and output pipeline, a hydrogen input and output joint assembly arranged on the liquid hydrogen tank assembly, a gaseous hydrogen output pipeline connected with the hydrogen input and output joint assembly, a gaseous hydrogen output interface flange assembly arranged on the base, a liquid hydrogen input and output interface flange assembly, a helium output and input connecting flange, a hydrogen fuel cell system connected with the gaseous hydrogen output pipeline, and a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage and transportation system control system, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell system drives a refrigeration system. The application solves the hydrogen embrittlement damage problem of the liquid hydrogen storage tank structure steel, improves the low-temperature heat insulation function, reduces the 'heat leakage' loss of the liquid hydrogen storage and transportation tank, and improves the intrinsic safety of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of design and manufacturing of chemical machinery equipment, and particularly relates to a liquid hydrogen storage and transportation tank system. Background Art

[0002] In the field of large-scale application of hydrogen energy, there is a very clear demand for large-scale liquid hydrogen transportation and storage.

[0003] In order to achieve large-scale economic application of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation, the tanks and pipelines used for liquid hydrogen storage and transportation should at least meet the following technical indicators: the heat leakage rate of the liquid hydrogen temperature zone pipeline is ≤2 watts / meter (the inner diameter of the pipeline is ≥80 mm), and the service life is ≥20 years; the liquid hydrogen transport tank has a volume of ≥50 cubic meters, the static daily evaporation rate of liquid hydrogen is ≤0.7%, and the maintenance time is ≥20 days; the liquid hydrogen storage tank for hydrogen refueling stations has a volume of ≥30 cubic meters, and the static daily evaporation rate of liquid hydrogen is ≤0.5%.

[0004] Since hydrogen is an explosive substance, there are also strict requirements for the safety of liquid hydrogen storage tanks. In terms of safety requirements, the following must be addressed: ① The loss of vacuum sealing of the vacuum container may lead to the loss of thermal insulation of the liquid hydrogen tank, resulting in a large-scale hydrogen release accident. ② The safety risk caused by hydrogen embrittlement damage to the metal structural materials of the tank body. Hydrogen embrittlement damage may cause the strength index of the structural material to decrease, resulting in the strength of the liquid hydrogen storage tank body failing to meet the design index requirements. Hydrogen embrittlement may shorten the service life of the equipment and affect economic indicators. ③ The problem of micro-leakage of hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank body. These are all credible safety risk factors in the storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen.

[0005] Due to the low temperature and high volatility of liquid hydrogen, the structural design of large-volume liquid hydrogen storage and transportation systems must address the issue of liquid hydrogen volatilization losses due to heat leaks. For large-volume liquid hydrogen tank transportation, the design also needs to consider the safe and reliable fixing of the liquid hydrogen storage tanks in the event of vibration, collision, and other incidents during transportation. Achieving reliable fixing of liquid hydrogen storage tanks inevitably creates new "heat leak" points, posing challenges to the low-temperature insulation design technology of liquid hydrogen tanks. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a liquid hydrogen storage and transportation tank system.

[0007] The liquid hydrogen storage and transportation tank system of the application comprises a base, a first vacuum outer container welded with the base, a mounting seat assembly mounted on the base and located in the first vacuum outer container, a liquid hydrogen tank assembly mounted on the mounting seat assembly, a liquid hydrogen input and output pipeline, a hydrogen input and output joint assembly arranged on the liquid hydrogen tank assembly, a gaseous hydrogen output pipeline connected with the hydrogen input and output joint assembly, a gaseous hydrogen output interface flange assembly arranged on the base, a liquid hydrogen input and output interface flange assembly, a helium output and input connecting flange, and a hydrogen fuel cell system connected with the gaseous hydrogen output pipeline, a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage and transportation system control system, and a refrigeration system driven by the hydrogen fuel cell system.

[0008] The mounting seat assembly is mounted through a mounting flange welded on the base disc, a spiral pipe heat exchange assembly is wound on the straight column section of the base disc, and a refrigeration head mounting cavity is arranged at the bottom of the base disc. One end of the spiral pipe heat exchange assembly is connected with the gaseous hydrogen output pipeline connected with the hydrogen discharge outlet of the liquid hydrogen tank assembly, and the other end is connected with the gaseous hydrogen output interface flange assembly.

[0009] The liquid hydrogen tank assembly is a multi-layer "capsule" structure, the middle layer is a steel liquid hydrogen tank body, an intermediate shell, an aluminum inner liner container closely combined with the intermediate shell are arranged in sequence on the inner wall of the steel liquid hydrogen tank body, a heat insulation layer and a second vacuum container wall are arranged on the outer wall of the steel liquid hydrogen tank body, and a bottle mouth is arranged at the upper part of the steel liquid hydrogen tank body.

[0010] The steel liquid hydrogen tank body is made of high-strength steel, and the design working pressure is >1Ma.

[0011] The intermediate shell is a high-density composite hydrogen barrier and heat insulation layer made of a mixture of high-density polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder and glass microspheres, and the thickness is between 20mm-50mm; the diameter of the glass hollow microspheres is 250μm, and the strength is >65MPa; the diameter of the polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder is 250μm; and the mixing ratio of the polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder and the hollow glass microspheres is between 1:4.0-4.5.

[0012] The heat insulation layer is a hollow glass microsphere filling layer, which is vacuumed after filling; the diameter of the hollow glass microspheres is 250μm, and the strength is >10MPa.

[0013] The second vacuum container is made of aluminum or a material that is easy to plastically deform, and the thickness is 2-3mm; after the hollow glass microspheres are filled, the heat insulation layer formed between the second vacuum container wall and the steel liquid hydrogen tank body is vacuumed.

[0014] The main body of the liquid hydrogen input and output pipeline is a steel pipe, a connecting flange A is welded on the steel pipe, a vacuum heat insulation pipeline is connected through a sealing gasket, an inner pipe connected together is arranged in the steel pipe, and a heat insulation material layer is filled in the interlayer of the steel pipe and the inner pipe.

[0015] The heat insulation material layer is a high-density composite hydrogen barrier and heat insulation layer made of a mixture of high-density polytetrafluoroethylene and hollow glass microspheres, and the thickness is between 20 mm and 50 mm; the diameter of the hollow glass microspheres is 250 microns, and the strength is greater than 65 MPa; the diameter of the polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder is 250 microns; and the mixing ratio of the polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder and the hollow glass microspheres is between 1:4.0 and 4.5.

[0016] The gaseous hydrogen output interface flange assembly comprises a cylinder body welded with a base, a welded corrugated pipe assembly A connected with the cylinder body through a heat insulation vacuum sealing pad A, a connecting flange B arranged on the welded corrugated pipe assembly, and a valve A installed on a gaseous hydrogen output pipeline.

[0017] The liquid hydrogen input / output interface flange assembly comprises a mounting base welded with a base, a vacuum protection cover connected together through a heat insulation vacuum sealing pad B, a welded corrugated pipe assembly B connected with the mounting base through a heat insulation vacuum sealing pad C, a connecting flange C arranged on the welded corrugated pipe assembly B, a valve B installed on a liquid hydrogen input / output pipeline, and a vacuum extraction interface arranged on the protection cover.

[0018] The manufacturing method of the intermediate shell of the liquid hydrogen storage and transportation tank system comprises the following steps:

[0019] 1) The end and the cylinder segment of the aluminum lining container are processed and manufactured, and the wall thickness is between 3 mm and 5 mm; the steel pressure container head and the steel pressure container intermediate column segment are processed and manufactured to meet the design requirements of GB150-2011 series standards.

[0020] 2) The end and the cylinder segment of the aluminum lining container are welded into a lining container finished product, and the aluminum lining container finished product is leak tested and qualified.

[0021] 3) A polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder and glass microsphere heat insulation material layer is prepared on the outer surface of the aluminum lining container finished product, and the thickness is 10 mm-20 mm; the volume ratio of the polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder and the glass microsphere is 1:4-4.5; the diameter of the glass microsphere is 250 microns, and the strength is greater than 65 MPa; and the diameter of the polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder is 250 microns.

[0022] 4) The aluminum lining container with the polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder and glass microsphere mixed material layer prepared on the outer surface is assembled with the steel pressure container intermediate column segment; and the assembly gap is controlled to be between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm.

[0023] 5) The aluminum lining container and the steel pressure container intermediate column segment assembly are obtained; and the steel pressure container head and the intermediate column segment are welded into a pressure container shell.

[0024] 6) The winding, welding, and inspection of the pressure vessel shell are performed according to the GB150-2011 series standards.

[0025] 7) The hydrogen input / output interface assembly is assembled and welded on the bottle mouth of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the leak detection is qualified.

[0026] 8) The pressure vessel shell is heated and vacuumized under vacuum sealing, and the heating temperature is between 200℃ and 250℃.

[0027] 9) The pressure vessel shell is filled with high-pressure inert gas under the sealed condition of the aluminum inner liner container and the pressure vessel shell, the pressure of the high-pressure inert gas is between 10MPa and 30MPa, and the pressure holding time is greater than 30min; the glass microsphere polytetrafluoroethylene powder layer prepared on the outer surface of the aluminum inner liner container is densified by high temperature and high pressure, and a dense composite layer with heat insulation and hydrogen permeation prevention functions is formed between the aluminum inner liner container and the outer container.

[0028] The beneficial technical effects of the present application are:

[0029] (1) The inner wall of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is lined with a heat insulation and hydrogen blocking dual-function layer, which has the following two advantages compared with the traditional liquid hydrogen storage tank: ① In the "high-density polytetrafluoroethylene glass microsphere composite structure layer + inner liner container" structure, high-density polytetrafluoroethylene, silicate glass microspheres, and aluminum all have very good hydrogen permeation resistance. Through the manufacturing process described in the present application, the high-density composite material layer also has very low hydrogen permeation rate, which can effectively prevent high-pressure gaseous hydrogen from penetrating into the outer container wall of high-strength steel, thereby effectively reducing the hydrogen embrittlement damage of the high-strength steel and ensuring the safety and long service life of the liquid hydrogen storage and transportation system. ② The "high-density polytetrafluoroethylene glass microsphere composite material structure has much lower thermal conductivity than metal materials, so it is more conducive to reducing the evaporation loss of liquid hydrogen. ③ The high-density polytetrafluoroethylene glass microsphere composite structure layer also reduces the leakage rate of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0030] (2) The first and second vacuum containers are designed for heat insulation, which further reduces the "heat leakage" of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and effectively reduces the possibility of a major hydrogen release accident of the liquid hydrogen storage tank after the first vacuum chamber enters air and the vacuum insulation is lost in an accident state, thereby improving the intrinsic safety of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0031] (3) An innovative heat exchanger design technology is adopted, and a set of heat exchangers are designed on the input / output interface pipe assembly of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. The advantage of this structure is that the low-temperature hydrogen gas released by the liquid hydrogen storage tank is used to cool the second vacuum container, which is conducive to reducing the "heat leakage" of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0032] (4) For large-volume liquid hydrogen storage tanks, hydrogen loss from evaporation of the liquid hydrogen storage tanks during transportation and temporary storage can be used to power the fuel cell system, drive the refrigeration system to cool the mass cold head installed on the mounting assembly, and cool the mounting assembly. This not only reduces the safety risks caused by direct hydrogen emissions to the environment, but also achieves the purpose of reducing the heat release loss of hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank. This achieves the comprehensive utilization of hydrogen and reduces the safety risks caused by the environmental release of hydrogen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the liquid hydrogen storage and transportation system of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the mounting seat assembly of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the liquid hydrogen tank assembly of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid hydrogen input and output pipeline structure of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the hydrogen input and output connector assembly of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gaseous hydrogen output interface flange assembly of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid hydrogen input and output interface flange assembly of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0041] A liquid hydrogen storage and transportation tank system of the present invention is as follows Figure 1 As shown, it includes a base 1, a first vacuum outer container 2 welded to the base 1, a mounting base assembly 3 installed on the base 1 and located in the first vacuum outer container 2, a liquid hydrogen tank assembly 4 installed on the mounting base assembly 3, a liquid hydrogen input and output pipeline 5, a hydrogen input and output joint assembly 6 arranged on the liquid hydrogen tank assembly 4, and a gaseous hydrogen output pipeline 7 connected to the hydrogen input and output joint assembly 6; as well as a gaseous hydrogen output interface flange assembly 8, a liquid hydrogen input and output interface flange assembly 9 and a helium input and output connection flange 10 arranged on the base 1; as well as a hydrogen fuel cell system connected to the gaseous hydrogen output pipeline 7, a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage and transportation system control system, and a refrigeration system driven by the hydrogen fuel cell system.

[0042] Mounting seat assembly 3 Figure 2As shown, the mounting base assembly 3 is mounted via a mounting flange 32 welded to a chassis 31. A spiral tube heat exchange assembly 33 is wound around the straight column section of the chassis 31, and a cooling head mounting chamber 34 is provided at the bottom of the chassis 31. One end of the spiral tube heat exchange assembly 33 is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen tank assembly 4, and the other end is connected to the gaseous hydrogen output interface flange assembly 8.

[0043] Liquid hydrogen tank assembly 4 Figure 3 As shown, the liquid hydrogen tank assembly 4 is a multi-layer "capsule" structure, the middle layer is a steel liquid hydrogen tank body 43, an intermediate shell 44 and an aluminum lined container 45 tightly fitted with the intermediate shell 44 are arranged in sequence on the inner wall of the steel liquid hydrogen tank body 43; an insulation layer 42 and a second vacuum container wall 41 are arranged on the outer wall of the steel liquid hydrogen tank body 43; and a bottle mouth 46 is arranged on the upper part of the steel liquid hydrogen tank body 43.

[0044] The steel liquid hydrogen tank body 43 is made of high-strength steel and has a designed working pressure of >1Ma.

[0045] The intermediate shell 44 is a high-density composite hydrogen barrier and heat insulation layer made of a mixture of high-density polytetrafluoroethylene and glass microspheres, with a thickness between 20mm and 50mm; the diameter of the hollow glass microspheres is 250μm and the strength is >65MPa; the diameter of the polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder is 250μm; the mixing ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder to hollow glass microspheres is between 1:4.0-4.5.

[0046] The heat-insulating layer 42 is a hollow glass microsphere filling layer, which is vacuumed after filling; the diameter of the hollow glass microspheres is 250 μm and the strength is greater than 10 MPa.

[0047] The second vacuum container 41 is made of aluminum or a material that is easily plastically deformed and has a thickness of 2-3 mm. After the hollow glass microspheres are filled, the chamber directly formed by the second vacuum container wall 41 and the steel liquid hydrogen tank body 43 is evacuated.

[0048] Liquid hydrogen input and output pipeline 5 Figure 4 As shown, the main body of the liquid hydrogen input and output pipeline 5 is a steel pipe 51, a connecting flange A52 is welded on the steel pipe 51, and a vacuum insulation pipe 54 is connected through a sealing gasket 53. An inner pipe 55 connected together is arranged in the steel pipe 51, and an insulation material layer 56 is filled in the interlayer between the steel pipe 51 and the inner pipe 55.

[0049] The thermal insulation material layer 56 is a high-density composite hydrogen barrier and thermal insulation layer made of a mixture of high-density polytetrafluoroethylene and hollow glass microspheres, with a thickness between 20mm and 50mm; the diameter of the hollow glass microspheres is 250μm and the strength is >10MPa; the diameter of the polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder is 250μm; the mixing ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder to hollow glass microspheres is between 1:4.0-4.5.

[0050] Hydrogen input and output interface component 6 Figure 5 As shown, it includes liquid hydrogen input and output pipes 61, a connector 62, a connection cap 63, and a gaseous hydrogen output pipe interface 64. The connector 62 is welded to the bottle mouth 46, and the gaseous hydrogen output pipe interface 64 is welded to the gaseous hydrogen output pipe 7. The gaseous hydrogen output pipe 7 is connected to one end of the spiral tube heat exchange assembly 33 provided on the mounting base assembly 3; the other end of the spiral tube heat exchange assembly 33 is connected to the gaseous hydrogen output interface flange assembly 8 provided on the base 1.

[0051] One end of the liquid hydrogen input and output pipe 61 is inserted into the bottom of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the other end is connected to the interface 51 of the liquid hydrogen input and output pipeline 5; the liquid hydrogen input and output pipeline 5 is connected to the liquid hydrogen input and output connecting flange assembly 9 set on the base 1.

[0052] Gaseous hydrogen output interface flange assembly 8 Figure 6 As shown, the gaseous hydrogen output interface flange assembly 8 includes a cylinder 81 welded to the base 1, a welded bellows assembly A83 connected to the cylinder 81 through an insulating vacuum sealing gasket A82, a connecting flange B84 arranged on the welded bellows assembly 83, and a valve A85 installed on the gaseous hydrogen output pipeline 7.

[0053] Liquid hydrogen input and output interface flange assembly 9 Figure 7 As shown, the liquid hydrogen input and output interface flange assembly 9 includes a mounting seat 91 welded to the base 1, a vacuum protection cover 93 connected together through a thermal insulation vacuum sealing gasket B92, a welding bellows assembly B95 connected to the mounting seat 91 through a thermal insulation vacuum sealing gasket C94, and a connecting flange C96 arranged on the welding bellows assembly B95; a valve B97 installed on the liquid hydrogen input and output pipes; a vacuum interface 98 arranged on the protection cover 93; when filling or unloading liquid hydrogen into the liquid hydrogen storage tank, remove the vacuum protection cover 93, and after completing the filling or unloading of liquid hydrogen into the liquid hydrogen storage tank, connect the vacuum protection cover 93 and evacuate the liquid through the vacuum interface 98.

[0054] A method for manufacturing an intermediate shell 44 of a liquid hydrogen storage and transportation tank system of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0055] 1) Processing and manufacturing of the end and cylinder sections of aluminum lined vessels with a wall thickness of 3-5mm; processing and manufacturing of steel pressure vessel heads and steel pressure vessel intermediate columns to meet the design requirements of the GB150-2011 series standards.

[0056] 2) The end and cylinder sections of the aluminum lined container are welded into a finished lined container, and the finished aluminum lined container is leak tested and qualified.

[0057] 3) A thermal insulation material layer of polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder and glass microspheres is prepared on the outer surface of the finished aluminum-lined container, with a thickness of 10 mm to 20 mm; the volume ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder to glass microspheres is 1:4 to 4.5; the diameter of the glass microspheres is 250 μm and the strength is >65 MPa; the diameter of the polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder is 250 μm.

[0058] 4) Assemble an aluminum-lined container with a polytetrafluoroethylene powder and glass microsphere mixed material layer on its outer surface and a middle column section of a steel pressure vessel; the assembly gap is controlled between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm.

[0059] 5) Assemble the aluminum lined container and the middle column section of the steel pressure vessel; weld the steel pressure vessel head and the middle column section to form a pressure vessel shell.

[0060] 6) Winding, welding and inspection of pressure vessel steel shell shall be carried out in accordance with GB150-2011 series standards.

[0061] 7) Assemble and weld the hydrogen input and output interface components at the mouth of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and pass the leak test.

[0062] 8) Heat the pressure vessel shell to evacuate the pressure under vacuum sealing conditions, with the heating temperature being between 200°C and 250°C.

[0063] 9) When the aluminum-lined container and the pressure vessel shell are in a sealed state, high-pressure inert gas is injected into the pressure vessel shell; the pressure of the high-pressure inert gas is between 10 MPa and 30 MPa, and the pressure holding time is greater than 30 minutes; the glass microsphere polytetrafluoroethylene powder layer prepared on the outer surface of the aluminum-lined container is densified by means of high temperature and high pressure, and a composite layer with heat insulation and hydrogen penetration prevention is formed between the aluminum-lined container and the outer container.

[0064] The thermal insulation material layer on the inner wall of the liquid hydrogen input and output pipelines is made of a high-density composite hydrogen barrier and thermal insulation layer made of a high-density polytetrafluoroethylene glass microsphere mixture, and is manufactured according to the above-mentioned manufacturing process.

[0065] To address the hydrogen embrittlement damage problem in structural materials, the present invention employs the following technical solutions: ① By lining the inner wall of a liquid hydrogen storage tank with a composite hydrogen barrier material layer, high-pressure hydrogen is completely isolated from ultra-high-strength steel, thereby reducing hydrogen embrittlement damage to high-strength structural steel. The composite hydrogen barrier material layer is made of a material with very low hydrogen permeability. Addressing hydrogen embrittlement damage in structural materials is possible through structural design. Extensive literature indicates that, under the same conditions, the solubility of hydrogen in aluminum alloys is approximately 360 times and 500 times lower than in iron and nickel, respectively, indicating that the hydrogen embrittlement damage effect on aluminum or aluminum alloys is significantly less than that on steel. The diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in aluminum alloys is approximately 11 orders of magnitude lower than that in iron at 20°C. Hydrogen permeation into aluminum exhibits a similar pattern. Similarly, the permeability of hydrogen in high-density polytetrafluoroethylene (HDPTFE) is approximately three orders of magnitude lower than that in stainless steel. Therefore, both aluminum and HDPTFE are excellent hydrogen permeation barriers. ②The sealing joints and pipes installed on the liquid hydrogen tank are made of hydrogen embrittlement-resistant stainless steel, which itself has good hydrogen embrittlement resistance.

[0066] To eliminate the potential loss of insulation in liquid hydrogen tanks due to loss of vacuum tightness in vacuum containers, which could lead to large-scale hydrogen release accidents, this invention employs a double vacuum-encased insulation design in the liquid hydrogen tank's structural design. This prevents the second vacuum insulation chamber from performing its insulation function if the first vacuum chamber loses insulation, thereby enhancing the inherent safety of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0067] To address the technical challenges of cryogenic insulation in liquid hydrogen tanks and achieve a static daily evaporation rate of ≤0.5%, this invention, in addition to employing traditional design techniques to reduce thermal radiation, convection, and heat transfer, also incorporates the following structural design measures: ① Thin-walled bellows are used for the liquid hydrogen inlet and outlet pipes and the gaseous hydrogen outlet pipe penetrating the wall of the first vacuum chamber. Compared to direct welding, this thin-walled bellows connection significantly reduces the total heat transfer area, thereby reducing heat leakage. ② A three-layer composite insulation structure is used for the liquid hydrogen input and output pipes, minimizing evaporation losses during filling and unloading. ③ During vehicle transportation or use of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen tank, when cryogenic hydrogen is discharged from the tank, a heat exchanger is designed to cool the input and output interfaces of the liquid hydrogen storage tank using the discharged cryogenic hydrogen, thereby partially blocking the conduction of ambient heat to the liquid hydrogen tank. ④ When the volume of a liquid hydrogen storage tank is ≥30 cubic meters, for example, for a station-use liquid hydrogen tank with a static daily evaporation rate of ≤0.5%, the amount of hydrogen released is considerable. Directly discharging this hydrogen would not only waste hydrogen resources but also pose a safety hazard. This solution utilizes a fuel cell-powered refrigeration system that cools the "hot spots" of the liquid hydrogen storage tank through the refrigeration head, reducing hydrogen evaporation losses.

[0068] In order to realize the engineering of the above structural design scheme, the present invention has also developed a new manufacturing process of "inner lining composite hydrogen barrier and heat insulation" material layer with reliable process and controllable quality.

Claims

1. A liquid hydrogen storage and transportation tank system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a base (1), a first vacuum outer container (2) welded to the base (1), a mounting seat assembly (3) mounted on the base (1) and located in the first vacuum outer container (2), a liquid hydrogen tank assembly (4) mounted on the mounting seat assembly (3), a liquid hydrogen input and output pipeline (5), a hydrogen input and output joint assembly (6) arranged on the liquid hydrogen tank assembly (4), a gaseous hydrogen output pipeline (7) connected to the hydrogen input and output joint assembly (6); and a gaseous hydrogen output interface flange assembly (8), a liquid hydrogen input and output interface flange assembly (9) and a helium input and output connection flange (10) arranged on the base (1); and a hydrogen fuel cell system connected to the gaseous hydrogen output pipeline (7), a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage and transportation system control system, and a refrigeration system driven by the hydrogen fuel cell system; The mounting seat assembly (3) is mounted by welding a mounting flange (32) on the chassis (31), and a spiral tube heat exchange assembly (33) is wound around the straight column section of the chassis (31), and a refrigeration head mounting chamber (34) is provided at the bottom of the chassis (31); one end of the spiral tube heat exchange assembly (33) is connected to a gaseous hydrogen output pipe (7) connected to the hydrogen outlet of the liquid hydrogen tank assembly (4), and the other end is connected to a gaseous hydrogen output interface flange assembly (8); The liquid hydrogen tank assembly (4) is a multi-layer "capsule" structure, wherein the middle layer is an intermediate shell (44) and an aluminum lining container (45) which are sequentially arranged on the inner wall of the steel liquid hydrogen tank body (43); an insulation layer (42) and a second vacuum container (41) are arranged on the outer wall of the steel liquid hydrogen tank body (43); a bottle mouth (46) is arranged on the upper part of the steel liquid hydrogen tank body (43); the aluminum lining container (45) and the steel liquid hydrogen tank body (43) are not in contact with each other, and there is no direct contact heat conduction between them; The main body of the liquid hydrogen input and output pipeline (5) is a steel pipe (51), a connecting flange A (52) is welded on the steel pipe (51), a vacuum insulation pipe (54) is connected through a sealing gasket (53), an inner pipe (55) connected together is arranged in the steel pipe (51), and a heat insulation material layer (56) is filled in the interlayer between the steel pipe (51) and the inner pipe (55).

2. A liquid hydrogen storage and transportation tank system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel liquid hydrogen tank (43) is made of high-strength steel and has a designed working pressure of >1.0 MPa; The intermediate shell (44) is a high-density composite hydrogen barrier and heat insulation layer made of a mixture of high-density polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder and glass microspheres, with a thickness between 20 mm and 50 mm; the diameter of the hollow glass microspheres is 250 μm, and the strength is >65 MPa; the diameter of the polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder is 250 μm; the mixing ratio of the polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder and the hollow glass microspheres is between 1:4.0-4.5; The heat-insulating layer (42) is a hollow glass microsphere filling layer, which is vacuumed after filling; the diameter of the hollow glass microspheres is 250 μm and the strength is >10 MPa; The second vacuum container (41) is made of a material with good plastic deformation and has a thickness of 2-3 mm. After the hollow glass microspheres are filled, the heat insulation layer (42) formed between the second vacuum container (41) and the steel liquid hydrogen tank (43) is evacuated.

3. A liquid hydrogen storage and transportation tank system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal insulation material layer (56) is a high-density composite hydrogen barrier and thermal insulation layer made of a mixture of high-density polytetrafluoroethylene and hollow glass microspheres, with a thickness between 20 mm and 50 mm; the hollow glass microspheres have a diameter of 250 μm and a strength of >60 MPa; the diameter of the polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder is 250 μm; and the mixing ratio of the polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder to the hollow glass microspheres is between 1:4.0-4.

5.

4. A liquid hydrogen storage and transportation tank system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gaseous hydrogen output interface flange assembly (8) includes a cylinder (81) welded to the base (1), a welded bellows assembly A (83) connected to the cylinder (81) via a heat-insulating vacuum seal A (82), a connecting flange B (84) provided on the welded bellows assembly A (83), and a valve A (85) installed on the gaseous hydrogen output pipeline (7); The liquid hydrogen input and output interface flange assembly (9) includes a mounting seat (91) welded to the base (1), a vacuum protection cover (93) connected to the mounting seat (91) through a heat-insulating vacuum sealing gasket B (92), a welding bellows assembly B (95) connected to the mounting seat (91) through a heat-insulating vacuum sealing gasket C (94), a connecting flange C (96) arranged on the welding bellows assembly B (95); a valve B (97) installed on the liquid hydrogen input and output pipes; a vacuum interface (98) arranged on the protection cover (93); when filling or unloading liquid hydrogen into the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the vacuum protection cover (93) is removed, and after completing the filling or unloading of liquid hydrogen into the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the vacuum protection cover (93) is connected and vacuum is evacuated through the vacuum interface (98).

5. The method for manufacturing the intermediate shell (44) of the liquid hydrogen tank assembly (4) of the liquid hydrogen storage and transportation tank system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Processing and manufacturing of the ends and cylinder sections of aluminum lined vessels with a wall thickness of 3-5mm; processing and manufacturing of steel pressure vessel heads and steel pressure vessel intermediate columns; 2) Weld the end and cylinder sections of the aluminum-lined container into a finished aluminum-lined container, and inspect the finished aluminum-lined container for leaks and ensure it is qualified; 3) Prepare a thermal insulation layer of polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder and glass microspheres on the outer surface of the finished aluminum-lined container, with a thickness of 10mm-20mm; the volume ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder to glass microspheres is 1:4-4.5; the diameter of the glass microspheres is 250μm and the strength is >65MPa; the diameter of the polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder is 250μm; 4) Assembling an aluminum-lined container (45) having a polytetrafluoroethylene powder and glass microsphere mixed material layer prepared on the outer surface thereof with a middle column section of a steel pressure vessel; the assembly gap is controlled to be between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm; 5) Assembling and welding the aluminum lining container (45) assembled with the middle column section of the steel pressure vessel and the two heads of the steel pressure vessel to form a complete steel liquid hydrogen tank body (43); 6) Assemble and weld the hydrogen input and output interface components at the mouth of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and pass the leak test; 7) Heat the pressure vessel shell to evacuate the pressure under vacuum sealing conditions, with the heating temperature between 200°C and 250°C; 8) When the aluminum-lined container and the pressure vessel shell are in a sealed state, high-pressure inert gas is injected into the pressure vessel shell; the pressure of the high-pressure inert gas is between 10 MPa and 30 MPa, and the pressure holding time is greater than 30 minutes; the glass microsphere polytetrafluoroethylene powder layer prepared on the outer surface of the aluminum-lined container is densified by means of high temperature and high pressure, and a composite layer with heat insulation and hydrogen penetration prevention is formed between the aluminum-lined container and the outer container.

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