A method for breeding cabbage in open field overwintering

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cabbage cultivation, in particular to an open-field overwintering seed propagation method for cabbage, comprising the following steps: selecting a plot with high and dry terrain, not prone to water accumulation, good drainage and irrigation, ventilation and light transmission, and fertile soil as a seedbed; sowing after 16:30 in the afternoon, trampling the ridge before sowing, leveling the ridge surface, adding enough bottom water, and after the water has seeped through, spreading a thin layer of sieved fine soil on the ridge surface, and then evenly spreading the seeds and covering the sieved fine soil with a thickness of 0.5 cm; covering with a sunshade net after sowing, removing the sunshade net in the evening after 80% of the seedlings emerge, covering with 0.2-0.3 cm of sieved fine soil accompanied by a fungicide after all the seedlings emerge, so as to prevent and control sudden wilting; and dividing the seedlings when the seedlings have two leaves and one heart about 15 days after sowing; the beneficial effects are as follows: the open-field overwintering seed propagation method for cabbage provided by the invention ensures that the female organs develop normally, while the male organs are aborted, and the stable strain with uniform and consistent traits of pollination and reproduction offspring is maintained by the method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cabbage cultivation, in particular to an open-field overwintering seed propagation method for cabbage. Background Art

[0002] Cabbage is a plant of the Cruciferae family and the genus Brassica. It is a variety of cabbage. It is also called cabbage, foreign cabbage, round cabbage, white cabbage, Chinese cabbage, Korean cabbage, white lotus, etc. It is also called kohlrabi in the north.

[0003] In the prior art, cabbage is propagated from the first to third generations using breeder seeds, or seeds produced according to original seed production technology regulations that meet original seed quality standards, which are used to further propagate hybrid first-generation seeds.

[0004] However, although the male and female sexual organs are normal, self-pollination of individual plants and mating between plants during the flowering period in the same system do not produce fruit or produce very few fruits. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for overwintering cabbage in the open field to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for the open-field overwintering seed propagation of cabbage, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] Choose a plot of land that is high and dry, not prone to waterlogging, well-drained and well-ventilated, and has fertile soil as the seedbed;

[0008] Sowing should be done after 16:30 in the afternoon. Before sowing, the ridges should be trampled firmly, the surface of the ridges should be leveled, and sufficient water should be added. After the water has seeped through, a thin layer of sieved fine soil should be sprinkled on the surface of the ridges. Then, the seeds should be evenly spread and covered with 0.5 cm thick sieved fine soil.

[0009] Cover with shade net after sowing. Remove the shade net in the evening after 80% of the seedlings emerge. Cover with 0.2-0.3cm of sieved fine soil with fungicide after all the seedlings emerge to prevent damping off.

[0010] About 15 days after sowing, when the seedlings have 2 leaves and 1 heart, they are transplanted;

[0011] Under medium fertility conditions, combined with land preparation, every 667m 2 Apply 4000-5000kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 25kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced compound fertilizer to the seed production field;

[0012] 15-20 days after transplanting, when the seedlings have 5-6 true leaves, they are transplanted with a spacing of 40 cm.

[0013] In mid-to-early November, water with frozen water. One week after watering, cover the ground along the top of the ditch with a layer of film and compact the surrounding soil. In mid-to-early March of the following spring, use a wooden stick to poke a fist-sized hole on the top of each plant to let in air. In late March, remove all the films and water the plants in time to make them green again. After watering, spray a fungicide once to prevent gray mold and sclerotinia.

[0014] Management of bolting and flowering of seedlings; adjusting flowering period to coincide with each other and removing the male parent;

[0015] Harvest seed plants, post-harvest processing, and seed quality inspection.

[0016] Preferably, every 667m 2 Seed production field requires 10-15m 2 For seedbed and plug tray seedling cultivation, the plug tray should be disinfected in advance, and the substrate ratio is peat: vermiculite: perlite = 2:1:1.

[0017] Preferably, the sowing time is determined according to the maturity characteristics of the variety, and the original parents of mid- and late-maturing varieties are sown in early August; early-maturing varieties are sown in early September; 40g of seeds are used for every 667m2 of seed field, including 25g for the female parent and 15g for the male parent; before raising seedlings in plug trays, the mixed substrate is sprayed with water and mixed evenly, and the degree of dryness and wetness should be appropriate. After filling 10 plug trays, they are stacked together and pressed lightly. When sowing, they are sown according to odd and even seeds. After sowing, a layer of vermiculite is covered, and the seeds are scraped flat with a wooden board and sprayed with water three times.

[0018] Preferably, the row spacing for seedling separation is 10 cm and the plant spacing is 5 cm. When seedling separation, pay attention to selecting the seedlings with weak growth potential separately, and finally group them together to prevent them from being bullied by the large seedlings. Seedling separation is not required for plug tray seedling cultivation.

[0019] Preferably, trenching is performed using a trenching machine, the depth of the trench is 25-30 cm, and the spacing between the trenches is about 50 cm.

[0020] Preferably, the female parent: male parent planting ratio is 1:1 (the female parent and the male parent are self-incompatible lines) or 2:1 (the female parent is a male sterile line).

[0021] Water immediately after planting, apply water to slow down the growth of the seedlings after 5-7 days, and then water once every half a month, keeping the soil dry and wet. Before winter, the plants are in the continuous setting period - the early stage of heading;

[0022] Before transplanting, during the rosette stage and at the early stage of heading, the seed plants are strictly weeded and inferior, and the weeds and diseased plants that do not conform to the characteristics of the original parents are removed.

[0023] Preferably, after the seed plants bolt, they should be promptly inserted into the racks to prevent lodging. During the bolting and flowering periods, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened. Combined with watering, 10 kg of urea and 5 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied to each 667 m2 of seed field each time.

[0024] The density of bees should be guaranteed in the seed production field. 1-2 bee boxes should be placed for every 667m2 of seed production field. The number of spraying should be reduced during the flowering period to prevent harm to pollinating insects. When 80% of the flowers have fallen, 0.4-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be sprayed 2-3 times. In the late stage of pruning, the number of watering and fertilization should be reduced to prevent greed for green and late maturity.

[0025] Aphids, cabbage worms and diamondback moths should be prevented in advance during the flowering and bolting period of the plants and in the early stage of flowering.

[0026] Preferably, according to the flowering characteristics of the parents, measures such as staggered sowing, sowing the father parent in two batches with a one-week interval to extend the flowering period of the father parent, controlling water and fertilizer, and pinching the plants that bloom too early can be taken to adjust the flowering period of the parents.

[0027] The female parent is male sterile for seed production. When the flowering period of the female parent is over, the male parent should be removed in time and carefully checked to prevent confusion when collecting seeds.

[0028] Preferably, when the fruit pods turn yellow and ripe and the seeds turn brown, they are harvested in batches and in stages. Whether the seeds of the self-incompatible seed production parents are harvested separately depends on the specific combination;

[0029] After harvesting, the seeds should be dried in time and not piled up to prevent the seeds from getting moldy and deteriorating. After threshing, the seeds should be dried on canvas to prevent scalding. Mechanical mixing should be prevented during threshing, drying, processing, packaging, storage and transportation;

[0030] Seed quality shall be inspected according to the method specified in GB / T 3543.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The method for overwintering cabbage in the open field provided by the invention ensures that the female organs develop normally while the male organs are sterile, so as to maintain a stable strain with uniform and consistent characteristics of the offspring through pollination reproduction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the present invention clearly and completely described, and the advantages more clearly understood, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments, and are only used to explain the embodiments of the present invention, and are not used to limit the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "middle", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "top", "bottom", "side", "vertical", "horizontal" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "one", "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0037] For the purpose of simplicity and illustration, the principles of the embodiments are mainly described by reference to examples. In the following description, many specific details are proposed to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it is obvious that for those of ordinary skill in the art, these embodiments may not be limited to these specific details in practice. In some instances, known methods and structures are not described in detail to avoid making these embodiments unnecessarily difficult to understand. In addition, all embodiments can be used in combination with each other.

[0038] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for the open-field overwintering seed propagation of cabbage, the method comprising the following steps:

[0039] Seedbed selection and preparation

[0040] Choose a plot of land with high terrain, dry terrain, no water accumulation, good drainage and irrigation, ventilation and light, and fertile soil as the seedbed. 2 Seed production field requires 10-15m 2 Seedbed. After the previous crop is harvested, the soil should be plowed, dried and disinfected in time. In early August, the land should be prepared to make ridges with a width of 1-1.2m and a length of 8-10m. The number of ridges depends on the breeding area.

[0041] For plug tray seedling cultivation, the seedling tray must be disinfected in advance, and the substrate ratio is peat: vermiculite: perlite = 2:1:1.

[0042] sowing

[0043] Determine the sowing time according to the maturity characteristics of the variety. The original parent of the mid-late maturing variety is sown in early August; the early maturing variety is sown in early September. Sowing should be done after 16:30 in the afternoon. Before sowing, trample the ridges and level the surface of the ridges. Water the bottom of the ridges. After the water has seeped through, sprinkle a thin layer of sieved fine soil on the surface of the ridges. Then spread the seeds evenly and cover them with 0.5 cm thick sieved fine soil. Every 667m 2 40g of seeds are used for seed production (25g for female parent and 15g for male parent).

[0044] Before seedling cultivation in plug trays, spray the mixed substrate with water to mix it evenly. The dryness and wetness should be appropriate. After filling 10 plug trays, stack them together and press them lightly. When sowing, sow according to the odd and even seeds. After sowing, cover with a layer of vermiculite, scrape it flat with a wooden board, and spray water three times.

[0045] Post-sowing management

[0046] After sowing, cover with shade nets to prevent sun exposure and heavy rain. After 80% of the seedlings emerge, remove the shade nets in the evening. After all the seedlings emerge, cover with 0.2-0.3cm of sieved fine soil with fungicide to prevent damping off. In the first 10 days after emergence, spray water once in the morning and evening according to weather conditions to keep the surface of the seedbed or plug tray moist.

[0047] Seedling division

[0048] About 15 days after sowing, when the seedlings have 2 leaves and 1 heart, the seedlings are separated. The seedbed preparation for separation is the same as 5.2.1. The row spacing is 10cm and the plant spacing is 5cm. When separating the seedlings, pay attention to picking out the weak seedlings separately and finally separate them together to prevent them from being bullied by the big seedlings.

[0049] There is no need to separate seedlings when growing seedlings in plug trays.

[0050] Planting and management

[0051] Fertilizing, ploughing and trenching

[0052] Under medium fertility conditions, combined with land preparation, every 667m 2 Apply 4000-5000kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 25kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced compound fertilizer to the seed field. Use a trenching machine to dig trenches with a depth of 25-30cm and a spacing of about 50cm between trenches.

[0053] Transplanting

[0054] 15-20 days after transplanting, when the seedlings grow 5-6 true leaves, they are transplanted with a spacing of 40 cm. The ratio of female parent to male parent is 1:1 (the female parent and male parent are self-incompatible lines) or 2:1 (the female parent is male sterile line).

[0055] Management after planting

[0056] Water immediately after transplanting, apply water once to help the seedlings grow after 5-7 days, and then water once every half a month, keeping the soil dry and wet. Before winter, the plants are in the continuous setting period - the early stage of heading.

[0057] Remove impurities and inferior

[0058] To ensure the purity of the seed plants, the seed plants are strictly cleaned of weeds and inferior plants before transplanting, in the rosette stage and in the early stage of heading, and the weeds and diseased plants that do not conform to the characteristics of the original parents are removed.

[0059] Wintering and early spring management of plants

[0060] In mid-to-early November (freezing at night but disappearing during the day), watering should be carried out. A week after watering, a film should be covered along the top of the ditch, and the surrounding area should be tightly packed with soil. In mid-to-early March of the following spring, when the weather warms up, use a wooden stick to poke a fist-sized hole on the top of each plant to let in air. In late March, when the weather warms up further and stabilizes, all the films should be removed, and water should be poured in time to restore greenness. The amount of watering should not be too large to prevent low temperatures. After watering, a fungicide should be sprayed once to prevent gray mold, sclerotinia, etc.

[0061] Bolting and flowering management

[0062] After the plants have bolted, they should be promptly placed on a trellis to prevent them from falling over. During the bolting and flowering periods, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened, and watering should be combined with watering every 667m. 2 Apply 10kg of urea and 5kg each of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the seed field.

[0063] Seed production fields should ensure the density of bees, every 667m 2 Place 1-2 beehives in the seed production field. Reduce the number of spraying during the flowering period to prevent harm to pollinating insects. When 80% of the flowers have fallen, spray 0.4-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 times. Reduce the number of watering and fertilization in the late stage of seed setting to prevent greed for green and late maturity.

[0064] Aphids, cabbage worms and diamondback moths should be prevented in advance during the flowering and bolting period of the plants and in the early stage of flowering.

[0065] Adjust the flowering period

[0066] According to the flowering characteristics of the parents, measures such as staggered sowing, sowing the father parent in two batches with an interval of one week to extend the flowering period of the father parent, promoting water and fertilizer control, and pinching the plants that bloom too early can be taken to adjust the flowering periods of the parents.

[0067] Remove the male parent

[0068] The female parent is male sterile for seed production. When the flowering period of the female parent is over, the male parent should be removed in time and carefully checked to prevent confusion when collecting seeds.

[0069] Gains

[0070] Harvesting seeds

[0071] When the pods turn yellow and the seeds turn brown, they should be harvested in batches. Whether the seeds of the parents of self-incompatible seed production should be harvested separately depends on the specific combination.

[0072] Post-harvest processing

[0073] After harvesting, the seeds should be dried in time and not piled up to prevent them from getting moldy and deteriorating. After threshing, the seeds should be dried on canvas to prevent them from being burned. Mechanical mixing should be avoided during threshing, drying, processing, packaging, storage and transportation.

[0074] Seed quality inspection

[0075] Seed quality shall be inspected according to the method specified in GB / T 3543.

[0076] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for breeding cabbage in the open field overwintering, characterized in that: The cabbage open-field overwintering seed breeding method comprises the following steps: Choose a plot of land that is high and dry, not prone to waterlogging, well-drained and well-ventilated, and has fertile soil as the seedbed; Sowing should be done after 16:30 in the afternoon. Before sowing, the ridges should be trampled firmly, the surface of the ridges should be leveled, and sufficient water should be added. After the water has seeped through, a thin layer of sieved fine soil should be sprinkled on the surface of the ridges. Then, the seeds should be evenly spread and covered with 0.5 cm thick sieved fine soil. Cover with shade net after sowing. Remove the shade net in the evening after 80% of the seedlings emerge. Cover with 0.2-0.3cm of sieved fine soil with fungicide after all the seedlings emerge to prevent damping off. 15 days after sowing, when the seedlings have 2 leaves and 1 heart, transplant them; Under medium fertility conditions, combined with land preparation, every 667m 2 Apply 4000-5000kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 25kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced compound fertilizer to the seed production field; 15-20 days after transplanting, when the seedlings have 5-6 true leaves, they are transplanted with a spacing of 40 cm. In mid-to-early November, water with frozen water. One week after watering, cover the ground along the top of the ditch with a layer of film and compact the surrounding soil. In mid-to-early March of the following spring, use a wooden stick to poke a fist-sized hole on the top of each plant to let in air. In late March, remove all the films and water the plants in time to make them green again. After watering, spray a fungicide once to prevent gray mold and sclerotinia. Management of bolting and flowering of seedlings; adjusting flowering period to coincide with each other and removing the male parent; Harvest seed plants, post-harvest treatment, seed quality inspection; every 667m 2 Seed production field requires 10-15m 2 For seedbed and plug tray seedling cultivation, the seedling trays should be disinfected in advance. The substrate ratio is peat: vermiculite: perlite = 2:1:1; the sowing time is determined according to the maturity characteristics of the variety. The original parents of medium and late-maturing varieties are sown in early August; early-maturing varieties are sown in early September; 40g of seeds are used for every 667m2 of seed field, including 25g for the female parent and 15g for the male parent; before plug tray seedling cultivation, spray water on the mixed substrate and mix it evenly. The degree of dryness and wetness should be appropriate. After filling 10 plug trays, stack them together and press lightly. When sowing, sow according to single and double grains. After sowing, cover with a layer of vermiculite, scrape it flat with a wooden board and spray water three times; the row spacing for seedling separation is 10cm, and the plant spacing is 5cm. When seedling separation, pay attention to selecting the seedlings with weak growth separately, and finally sort them together to prevent them from being bullied by the large seedlings; seedling separation is not required for plug tray seedling cultivation.

2. A method for overwintering cabbage in open fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: Use a trencher to dig trenches with a depth of 25-30cm and a spacing of 50cm between trenches.

3. The method for overwintering cabbage in open fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The female parent: male parent planting ratio is 1:1 (the female parent and male parent are self-incompatible lines) or 2:1 (the female parent is male sterile line) for transplanting; Water immediately after planting, apply water to slow down the growth of the seedlings after 5-7 days, and then water once every half a month, keeping the soil dry and wet. Before winter, the plants are in the continuous setting period - the early stage of heading; Before transplanting, during the rosette stage and at the early stage of heading, the seed plants are strictly weeded and inferior, and the weeds and diseased plants that do not conform to the characteristics of the original parents are removed.

4. A method for overwintering cabbage in open fields according to claim 3, characterized in that: After the plants bolt, they should be promptly placed on a trellis to prevent lodging. During the bolting and flowering periods, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened. Combined with watering, 10 kg of urea and 5 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied to each 667 m2 of seed field. The density of bees should be guaranteed in the seed production field. 1-2 bee boxes should be placed for every 667m2 of seed production field. The number of spraying should be reduced during the flowering period to prevent harm to pollinating insects. When 80% of the flowers have fallen, 0.4-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be sprayed 2-3 times. In the late stage of pruning, the number of watering and fertilization should be reduced to prevent greed for green and late maturity. Aphids, cabbage worms and diamondback moths should be prevented in advance during the flowering and bolting period of the plants and in the early stage of flowering.

5. The method for overwintering cabbage in open fields according to claim 4, characterized in that: According to the flowering characteristics of the parents, staggered sowing is adopted, the male parent is sown in two batches with a week interval to extend the male parent's flowering period, water and fertilizer are controlled, and the early flowering plants are pinched to adjust the flowering period of the parents to meet; The female parent is male sterile for seed production. When the flowering period of the female parent is over, the male parent should be removed in time and carefully checked to prevent confusion when collecting seeds.

6. The method for overwintering cabbage in open fields according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the pods turn yellow and the seeds turn brown, they should be harvested in batches and at different times. Whether the seeds of the parents of the self-incompatible seed production should be harvested separately depends on the specific combination; After harvesting, the seeds should be dried in time without piling to prevent them from getting moldy and deteriorating. After threshing, the seeds should be dried on canvas to prevent them from being scalded. During threshing, drying, processing, packaging, storage and transportation, mechanical mixing should be avoided. Seed quality shall be inspected according to the method specified in GB / T 3543.

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