A safe and efficient mining method suitable for low-value thick and large ore body with gentle dip

Abstract

The application discloses a safe and efficient mining method for low-value gently-inclined thick and large ore body, which comprises the following steps: arranging a collecting roadway (6) parallel to a cross-vein transportation roadway (3) at the bottom center of a left ore block (7) and a right ore block (9); connecting the collecting roadway (6) to the collecting roadway (6) at the bottom of the left ore block (7) and the right ore block (9) from a mining access (4) of the cross-vein transportation roadway (3) to the left ore block (7) and the right ore block (9); drilling a plurality of rows of upward fan-shaped medium-length holes in the left ore room (10) and the right ore room (12) by using a medium-length hole drilling machine in the collecting roadway (6); during the stoping operation, the order is from the upper disc to the lower disc, the cutting groove is the free surface, 1-2 rows of blast holes are blasted each time, after reaching the specified ventilation requirement, the falling ore in the collecting roadway (6) on the two sides is transported to an ore chute (5) by using a shovel-truck machine, the left ore block (7) and the right ore block (9) share one cross-vein transportation roadway (3), and the stoping operation of the left ore block (7) and the right ore block (9) can be simultaneously carried out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underground mining technology, specifically relating to an underground mining method, which is particularly suitable for the safe and efficient mining of thick ore bodies with low value and gentle dip. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, both domestically and internationally, open-cut mining is the primary method for mining low-value, gently dipping, thick ore bodies in underground mines. Open-cut mining mainly employs staged open-cut mining and medium-deep hole room-and-pillar mining, each with its own applicability and characteristics. Staged open-cut mining is suitable for ore bodies with good rock stability and steep or very thick ore bodies. It features high production capacity, high mechanization efficiency, and a good working environment. However, when the rock stability is average or poor, the risk of goaf collapse during mining is significant, easily leading to increased ore loss and dilution. Medium-deep hole room-and-pillar mining has higher requirements for rock stability and lower requirements for ore body occurrence conditions. It is particularly suitable for stable rock bodies and gently dipping, thick ore bodies. Because drilling and ore extraction are both carried out within the stope, it requires higher management of the stope roof. Although its mechanization level is also high, its stope production capacity is not as high as that of staged open-cut mining.

[0003] Both staged open-cut mining and medium-deep hole room-and-pillar mining methods require the construction of new drilling sections at the top of the stope. In addition to increasing the number of drilling sections along the vein, a significant amount of preparatory and cutting work is needed, including cross-vein roadways, connecting drilling roadways, and drilling chambers. When the ore and rock stability is poor, effective support measures for the stope roof are also required. This results in problems such as large-scale mining and cutting work, large-scale support work, low safety levels, high ore mining costs, and unclear economic benefits. Therefore, for gently dipping, thick ore bodies with low ore value and moderate ore stability, how to reduce mining costs, improve safety and reliability, and ensure ore block production efficiency has become a key technical problem that the mining industry urgently needs to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as large cutting and support work, low safety levels, and high ore mining costs, by providing a safe and efficient mining method suitable for low-value, gently dipping, thick ore bodies that can reduce the amount of cutting and support work, improve mining safety, reduce production costs, and increase ore block production capacity.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives of the present invention, a safe and efficient mining method for low-value, gently dipping, thick ore bodies is implemented using the following steps:

[0006] 1) According to the layout of the mining area, a middle section is divided every 25m to 45m along the vertical direction of the ore body, and a panel is divided every 45m to 60m along the strike of the ore body. The panel is divided into 3 blocks from left to right, namely the left block, the middle block and the right block. The height of the blocks is the same as that of the middle section, and the width of the blocks is 15m to 20m.

[0007] 2) Along the vertical direction of the ore body, the left block is divided into the left top pillar and the left stope; the middle block is divided into the middle top pillar and the intermediate pillar; and the right block is divided into the right top pillar and the right stope. The upper parts of the left block, the middle block, and the right block are the left top pillar, the middle top pillar, and the right top pillar, respectively; and the lower parts of the left block, the middle block, and the right block are the left stope, the intermediate pillar, and the right stope, respectively. The left stope and the right stope are used as mining caving stops, and the left top pillar and the right top pillar are used as safety pillars and are not mined.

[0008] In each block, the top pillar is located at the top and the stope is located at the bottom. The height of the top pillar and the height of the stope can be adjusted during production. The height of the stope is generally 5m to 15m greater than the height of the top pillar, or the height of the stope is the same as the height of the top pillar.

[0009] 3) Arrange ore collection roadways parallel to the cross-vein transport roadway at the center of the bottom of the left and right blocks to connect the ore-rock contact surfaces of the hanging wall and footwall; excavate ore exit routes from the cross-vein transport roadway to the ore blocks on both sides to connect the ore collection roadways at the bottom of the left and right blocks; arrange cutting risers near the hanging wall ore-rock contact surfaces in the ore collection roadways and enlarge the cutting risers to form vertical cutting grooves;

[0010] The distance between adjacent ore exits should ideally be between 8m and 12m, and the angle between the ore exit and the cross-vessel transport roadway should ideally be between 40° and 50°.

[0011] 4) Arrange the hanging wall haulage roadway along the vein in the hanging wall of the ore body, arrange the footwall haulage roadway along the vein in the footwall of the ore body, and arrange ore chutes every 100m to 150m along the haulage roadway; arrange the cross-vein haulage roadway in the center of the bottom of the panel to connect the hanging wall haulage roadway and the footwall haulage roadway.

[0012] 5) In the ore collection roadway, use a medium-deep hole drilling rig to drill several rows of upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes into the left and right stopes; during the mining operation, adopt the order from the hanging wall to the footwall, with the cutting groove as the free surface, blast 1 to 2 rows of blast holes each time, and after the specified ventilation requirements are met, use a loader to transport the collapsed ore in the ore collection roadway on both sides to the nearest ore pass. Repeat the blasting, ventilation and ore extraction operations in this way until the mining of the left and right stopes is completed, thereby realizing the synchronous and coordinated mining of the left and right ore blocks;

[0013] 6) After the mining of the left and right blocks in the panel is completed, the middle block will not be mined as a pillar. Retaining walls will be built at the locations of the cross-vein haulage roadways near the upper and lower hanging wall haulage roadways to seal the goaf, and drainage holes will be reserved. In this way, the mining of the panel will be completed.

[0014] 7) After the mining of all panels in this middle section is completed, the lower middle section ore body will be mined sequentially from top to bottom.

[0015] Furthermore, in the method of the present invention, only one cross-vein haulage roadway is arranged in the center of the bottom of the panel, and the left and right blocks share the same cross-vein haulage roadway, so that the mining operations of the left and right blocks can be carried out simultaneously.

[0016] Furthermore, in the method of the present invention, the length of the ore collection roadway is the same as the length of the ore block, both being the true thickness of the ore body.

[0017] The present invention provides a safe and efficient mining method for low-value, gently dipping, thick ore bodies. After adopting the above technical solution, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) There is no need to arrange drilling levels on the top of the ore block, avoiding the construction of drilling levels along the vein roadway, cross-vein roadway, drilling connecting roadway and drilling chamber and the corresponding support works, which greatly reduces the mining preparation and cutting works and support costs, resulting in a reduction of mining preparation and cutting works by more than 50%, and a reduction of mining roof and roadway management and support costs by more than 60%.

[0019] (2) Only one cross-vein transport roadway needs to be arranged in the mining area, which can realize simultaneous rock drilling, blasting and ore extraction in the mining area. This further reduces the layout of the mining preparation project and enables multi-mining to be coordinated, thus doubling the production capacity of the mining area and realizing efficient and large-scale mining of gently inclined thick ore bodies.

[0020] (3) All mining operations are carried out in the roadway, avoiding the previous phenomenon of personnel working in open areas or under open roofs, significantly improving the safety and reliability of mining operations, improving the working environment of the working face, and helping to improve labor productivity and reduce the risk of production accidents.

[0021] (4) As transportation roadways are arranged along the vein on both the upper and lower levels of the transportation level, a circulation route is formed, which can realize the airflow and significantly improve the working environment of the working face.

[0022] (5) When the panel mining is completed and the panel is sealed, only one sealing retaining wall needs to be built on each side of the cross-vein transport roadway, which reduces the consumption of retaining wall raw materials, reduces the construction cost of retaining wall, and improves the construction efficiency of sealing retaining wall. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1This is a front view of a safe and efficient mining method suitable for low-value, gently dipping, thick ore bodies.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a side view of a safe and efficient mining method suitable for low-value, gently dipping, thick ore bodies. Figure 1 B-B view.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a top view of a safe and efficient mining method suitable for low-value, gently dipping, thick ore bodies. Figure 1 A-A view.

[0026] The markings in the diagram are as follows: 1- Lower plate haulage roadway; 2- Upper plate haulage roadway; 3- Through-vein haulage roadway; 4- Ore exit roadway; 5- Ore pass; 6- Ore collection roadway; 7- Left block; 8- Middle block; 9- Right block; 10- Left stope; 11- Intermediate pillar; 12- Right stope; 13- Left roof pillar; 14- Middle roof pillar; 15- Right roof pillar. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To better describe the present invention, the following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, provides a safe and efficient mining method for low-value, gently dipping, thick ore bodies.

[0028] Depend on Figure 1 The side view shown is of a safe and efficient mining method for low-value, gently dipping, thick ore bodies according to the present invention, and is combined with... Figure 2 , Figure 3 As can be seen, the present invention provides a safe and efficient mining method for low-value, gently dipping, thick ore bodies, which is implemented by the following steps:

[0029] 1) According to the layout of the mining area, a middle section is divided every 25m to 45m along the vertical direction of the ore body, and a panel is divided every 45m to 60m along the strike of the ore body. The panel is divided into 3 blocks from left to right, namely left block 7, middle block 8 and right block 9. The height of the blocks is the same as that of the middle section, and the width of the blocks is 15m to 20m.

[0030] 2) Along the vertical direction of the ore body, the left block 7 is divided into left top pillar 13 and left stope 10, the middle block 8 is divided into middle top pillar 14 and interstitial pillar 11, and the right block 9 is divided into right top pillar 15 and right stope 12. The upper parts of the left block 7, the middle block 8, and the right block 9 are left top pillar 13, middle top pillar 14, and right top pillar 15, respectively, and the lower parts of the left block 7, the middle block 8, and the right block 9 are left stope 10, interstitial pillar 11, and right stope 12, respectively. Left stope 10 and right stope 12 are used as mining caving stops, and left top pillar 13 and right top pillar 15 are used as safety pillars and are not mined. The height of the top pillar and the stope can be adjusted in production. Generally, the stope height is the same as the top pillar height, or the stope height is 5m to 15m greater than the top pillar height.

[0031] 3) Along the strike of the ore body, a collection roadway 6 parallel to the cross-vein transport roadway 3 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the left block 7 and the right block 9. An ore extraction roadway 4 is excavated from the cross-vein transport roadway 3 to the two blocks and connects to the collection roadway 6 at the bottom of the left block 7 and the right block 9. The length of the collection roadway 6 is the same as the length of the ore block, which is the true thickness of the ore body. The distance between adjacent ore extraction roads 4 is 8m to 12m. The angle between the ore extraction roadway 4 and the cross-vein transport roadway 3 is 40° to 50°. A cutting riser is arranged near the contact surface between the ore and rock in the hanging wall of the collection roadway 6, and the cutting riser is enlarged to form a vertical cutting groove.

[0032] 4) Arrange the hanging wall haulage roadway 2 in the hanging wall surrounding rock and the footwall haulage roadway 1 in the footwall surrounding rock. Arrange ore chutes 5 every 100m to 150m along the haulage roadway. Arrange the cross-vein haulage roadway 3 in the center of the bottom of the panel to connect the hanging wall haulage roadway 2 and the footwall haulage roadway 1.

[0033] 5) In the ore collection roadway 6, use a medium-deep hole drilling rig to drill several rows of upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes into the left stope 10 and right stope 12. During the mining operation, adopt the order from the hanging wall to the footwall, with the cutting groove as the free surface, and blast 1 to 2 rows of blast holes each time. After the specified ventilation requirements are met, use a loader to transport the collapsed ore in the ore collection roadway 6 on both sides to the ore pass 5 nearby. Repeat the blasting, ventilation and mining operations until the mining of the left stope 10 and right stope 12 is completed, thereby realizing the synchronous and coordinated mining of the left block 7 and the right block 9.

[0034] 6) After the mining of the left block 7 and right block 9 in the panel is completed, the middle block 8 will not be mined as a pillar. A retaining wall will be built in the cross-vein transport roadway 3 near the upper wall cross-vein transport roadway 2 and the lower wall cross-vein transport roadway 1 to seal the goaf, and drainage holes will be reserved. In this way, after the mining of the panel is completed, the synchronous and coordinated mining of the left block 7 and right block 9 can be achieved.

[0035] 7) After the mining of all panels in this middle section is completed, the lower middle section ore body will be mined sequentially from top to bottom.

[0036] This invention features only one cross-cutting haulage roadway 3 at the center of the bottom of the panel. The left ore block 7 and the right ore block 9 share this same roadway 3, allowing for simultaneous mining operations on both blocks. Since no drilling level is required, and only one cross-cutting haulage roadway 3 is needed at the bottom of the panel, the amount of mining and cutting work and support operations is significantly reduced. Simultaneous drilling, blasting, and ore extraction can be carried out on both sides of the panel, significantly improving the panel's production capacity and making it suitable for large-scale mining. All mining operations are conducted within the roadway, avoiding unauthorized work in the open area, which helps improve labor productivity and reduce the risk of production accidents.

[0037] It should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "middle", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "top / bottom", etc., used in this invention indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the parts or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

Claims

1. A safe and efficient mining method suitable for low value gently inclined thick and large ore bodies, characterized in that The following steps are adopted: 1) According to the stope layout, a sublevel is divided every 25-45 m along the vertical direction of the ore body, and a panel is divided every 45-60 m along the strike of the ore body, the panel is divided into three ore blocks from left to right, which are left ore block (7), middle ore block (8) and right ore block (9), the height of the ore block is the same as that of the sublevel, and the width of the ore block is 15-20 m; 2) The left ore block (7) is divided into left top pillar (13) and left ore room (10) along the vertical direction of the ore body, the middle ore block (8) is divided into middle top pillar (14) and middle pillar (11), and the right ore block (9) is divided into right top pillar (15) and right ore room (12), the upper part of the left ore block (7), the middle ore block (8) and the right ore block (9) is the left top pillar (13), the middle top pillar (14) and the right top pillar (15) respectively, and the lower part of the left ore block (7), the middle ore block (8) and the right ore block (9) is the left ore room (10), the middle pillar (11) and the right ore room (12) respectively; 3) A collecting roadway (6) parallel to the cross-vein transportation roadway (3) is arranged at the bottom of the left ore block (7) and the right ore block (9), the ore extraction access (4) from the cross-vein transportation roadway (3) is connected to the collecting roadway (6) at the bottom of the left ore block (7) and the right ore block (9), a cutting raise is arranged near the upper panel rock contact surface of the collecting roadway (6), and the cutting raise is expanded to form a vertical cutting groove; 4) An upper panel along-vein transportation roadway (2) is arranged in the upper panel surrounding rock of the ore body, a lower panel along-vein transportation roadway (1) is arranged in the lower panel surrounding rock of the ore body, and an ore chute (5) is arranged every 100-150 m along the along-vein transportation roadway; a cross-vein transportation roadway (3) is arranged at the bottom of the panel to connect the upper panel along-vein transportation roadway (2) and the lower panel along-vein transportation roadway (1); 5) A number of rows of upward fan-shaped medium-length holes are drilled in the left ore room (10) and the right ore room (12) in the collecting roadway (6) by using a medium-length hole drilling machine; during the stoping operation, the order from the upper panel to the lower panel is adopted, the cutting groove is taken as the free surface, 1-2 rows of blast holes are blasted at a time, after reaching the specified ventilation requirement, the falling ore in the two side collecting roadways (6) is transported to the ore chute (5) near the ore chute, and the blasting, ventilation and ore extraction operation are repeated until the left ore room (10) and the right ore room (12) are stoped, so that the left ore block (7) and the right ore block (9) are synchronously and cooperatively mined; 6) After the left ore block (7) and the right ore block (9) in the panel are stoped, the middle ore block (8) is not stoped as a pillar, a retaining wall is built at the cross-vein transportation roadway (3) near the upper panel along-vein transportation roadway (2) and the lower panel along-vein transportation roadway (1) to close the goaf, and a drainage hole is reserved, thus the panel stoping is completed; 7) After the stoping of all panels in the sublevel is completed, the lower sublevel ore body is stoped in sequence from top to bottom.

2. A safe and efficient mining method suitable for low value gently inclined thick and large ore bodies as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In each ore block, the top pillar is located in the upper part, and the ore room is located in the lower part, and the height of the ore room is 5-15 m greater than that of the top pillar.

3. A safe and efficient mining method suitable for low value gently inclined thick and large ore bodies as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In each ore block, the top pillar is located in the upper part, and the ore room is located in the lower part, and the height of the ore room is the same as that of the top pillar.

4. A safe and efficient mining method suitable for low value gently inclined thick and large ore bodies as claimed in claim 2 or 3 wherein: The distance between adjacent ore drawing passages (4) is 8-12 m, and the angle between the ore drawing passage (4) and the cross-vein transportation roadway (3) is 40-50°.

5. A safe and efficient mining method suitable for low value gently inclined thick and large ore bodies as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The length of the ore collecting roadway (6) is the same as the length of the ore block, and both are the true thickness of the ore body.

6. A safe and efficient mining method suitable for low value gently inclined thick and large ore bodies as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: Only one cross-vein transportation roadway (3) is arranged at the bottom center of the panel, and the left ore block (7) and the right ore block (9) share one cross-vein transportation roadway (3), so that the stoping operations of the left ore block (7) and the right ore block (9) can be carried out synchronously.

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