A cutterhead plugging and replacement mechanism and replacement method for shield machine normal pressure cutterhead

Abstract

The present invention discloses a cutterhead sealing and replacement mechanism for normal-pressure cutter replacement of a shield machine, comprising a flange cutter barrel, a sealing cutter barrel, a self-locking component and a telescopic end cover. The flange cutter barrel, the sealing cutter barrel and the telescopic end cover are pre-integrated so that when the replacement mechanism as a whole enters the sealing cutter barrel, the self-locking component shrinks under the sliding resistance of the inner wall of the sealing cutter barrel until the whole mechanism is pushed to the locking groove position of the sealing seat, and the self-locking component pops out and inserts the connecting lock groove so that the sealing cutter barrel and the sealing seat can be quickly connected. After the connection between the sealing cutter barrel and the sealing seat is completed, the flange cutter barrel and the telescopic end cover are disassembled and removed for facilitating normal-pressure replacement of the sealing gate, gate seat and sealing cutter barrel in a failed state. The replacement construction is simple and easy to operate, which greatly reduces the operational difficulty of replacing the sealing gate under normal pressure and is safe and efficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cutterhead plugging and replacing sealing gates, and in particular to a cutterhead plugging and replacing mechanism and a replacement method for normal pressure cutter replacement of a shield machine. Background Art

[0002] The mechanism of stabilizing the excavation face during the construction of a slurry shield machine is: using mud and water pressure to resist the soil pressure and water pressure of the excavation face to maintain the stability of the excavation face, and at the same time, controlling the deformation of the excavation face and the settlement of the foundation; forming a weakly permeable mud film on the excavation face to keep the mud and water pressure effectively acting on the excavation face; on the excavation face, as the pressurized mud and water continue to seep into the soil, the sand and soil particles in the mud and water fill the pores of the soil, forming a mud film with a very small permeability coefficient. Moreover, since the pressure loss of the excavation face is reduced after the formation of the mud film, the mud and water pressure can effectively act on the excavation face, thereby preventing the deformation and collapse of the excavation face and ensuring the stability of the excavation face.

[0003] During the construction of the bedrock section excavation by the shield machine, the cutter is prone to serious wear and tear, and the cutter needs to be replaced frequently, which causes the sealing gate to open and close frequently. The sealing gate that opens and closes frequently is prone to sealing failure during the cutter replacement construction. During the cutter replacement process, when the sealing gate is closed, it is easy for debris to be mixed in the gate gap, resulting in the gate seal being loose or damaged. The cutter cannot be replaced at normal pressure, and there is a high safety risk for personnel to enter the warehouse under pressure.

[0004] Therefore, before the normal pressure tool change operation, the sealing gate needs to be replaced in advance to ensure that the sealing gate opens and closes normally, so that the sealing gate can be closed for normal pressure tool change construction, which can greatly improve the efficiency and safety of the tool change operation. For the replacement of the sealing gate, sealing the sealing seat position where the cutter disc is installed plays a vital role. It can isolate the high water pressure environment and enable personnel to disassemble the sealing gate for replacement under normal pressure environment. In the prior art, such as a shield machine normal pressure tool change device sealing replacement tool and method with publication number CN107139128A, the sealing cylinder is driven by an oil cylinder to seal the welding seat, and the sealing cylinder and the welding seat are fixedly connected with a support seat to facilitate the removal of the sealing gate for replacement. However, the following problems exist in actual use: when the oil cylinder drives the sealing cylinder for sealing construction, the sealing gate cannot be opened and closed when it is in an invalid state, and the sealing cylinder is fixed by the support seat. The sealing construction operation is difficult, and the construction is time-consuming and labor-intensive, which affects the replacement construction efficiency of the sealing gate. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cutterhead sealing and replacement mechanism for normal pressure tool change of a shield machine, which is used to solve the problem that it is difficult for personnel to replace the cutterhead at normal pressure when the sealing gate fails; the present invention also provides a cutterhead sealing and replacement method for normal pressure tool change of a shield machine, which is used to solve the problem that it is complicated to replace the cutterhead at normal pressure when the sealing gate fails.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A shield machine cutterhead plugging and replacement mechanism for normal pressure cutter change, comprising:

[0008] The flange knife cylinder is inserted and connected with the sealing knife cylinder. The sealing knife cylinder is integrally arranged on one side of the gate seat. The gate seat is detachably connected to the sealing seat. The side of the sealing seat facing away from the gate seat is fixedly connected to the knife disc.

[0009] A sealing knife cylinder, one open end of which is detachably connected to the flange knife cylinder, and the other closed end of which is sealed in the central hole of the knife disc;

[0010] Self-locking components are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the opening end of the blocking knife cylinder, and the blocking knife cylinder and the sealing seat are fixedly connected by the self-locking components;

[0011] The telescopic end cover is inserted and connected to the flange knife cylinder. Clamping blocks are symmetrically provided on both sides of the inner wall of the telescopic end cover, and the flange end of the telescopic end cover, the flange end of the flange knife cylinder and the flange end of the sealing knife cylinder are detachably connected.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the self-locking assembly includes a telescopic column, a positioning block, a limit plate and a spring, the telescopic column is inserted and connected to the positioning block, the positioning block is fixedly installed on the inner circumferential wall of the blocking knife cylinder, and a limit plate and a spring are arranged in the hollow cavity of the positioning block, the limit plate is slidably connected in the hollow cavity of the positioning block, and the limit plate is connected to the telescopic column in an integrated structure, and the spring and the limit plate are in a conflicting connection.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: a plurality of locking grooves are evenly distributed on the circumferential hole wall of the sealing seat, and the top end of the telescopic column passes through the telescopic sealing knife cylinder and is plugged into and connected with the locking grooves.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: a ring-shaped sealing convex ring is provided on the open end face of the sealing knife cylinder, and a ring groove is provided on the open section of the flange knife cylinder facing the sealing knife cylinder, and the ring groove is used to insert the connecting sealing convex ring.

[0015] A plurality of screw rods are evenly distributed on the sealing convex ring, and the screw rods are inserted into the connecting holes opened on the flange knife cylinder, and the rod end of the screw rod away from the blocking knife cylinder passes through the telescopic end cover and extends outward, and the rod end of the screw rod extending outward is threadedly connected to the anti-loosening nut.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: a sealing groove is provided on the outer circumferential wall of the sealing knife cylinder, and a connecting sealing ring is assembled in the sealing groove.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention: a plurality of convex strips are evenly distributed on the circumferential outer wall of the flange knife cylinder close to the flange mouth end, and the convex strips are slidably connected to the slots provided in the sealing knife cylinder.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention: a pressure gauge and a ball valve are provided on the sealing knife cylinder.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention: the flange end of the flange knife cylinder and the flange end of the sealing knife cylinder are fixedly connected by a plurality of bolts.

[0020] A shield machine cutterhead plugging and replacement method for normal pressure cutter change comprises the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: Integrally connect the flange knife cylinder, the blocking knife cylinder and the telescopic end cover. The sealing convex ring on the blocking knife cylinder is inserted into the ring groove provided on the flange knife cylinder. Several screw rods evenly distributed on the sealing convex ring are inserted into the connecting holes provided on the flange knife cylinder. The ends of the screw rods passing through the telescopic end cover are locked by anti-loosening nuts.

[0022] Step 2: The symmetrical clamping blocks on both sides of the inner wall of the telescopic end cover are fixedly connected to the push plate, and the push plate is fixedly connected to the telescopic tail end of the hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder drives the flange knife cylinder, the sealing knife cylinder and the telescopic end cover into the sealing knife cylinder as a whole;

[0023] Step 3: Several ridges evenly distributed on the flange knife cylinder slide into the slots provided on the sealing knife cylinder until the ridges are completely inserted into the slots. The flange knife cylinder, the telescopic end cover and the sealing knife cylinder are fixedly connected by several bolts.

[0024] Step 4: The self-locking components evenly distributed on the sealing knife cylinder are activated. The telescopic columns included in the self-locking components pop out and are inserted into the locking grooves provided in the connection sealing seat to fix the sealing knife cylinder and the sealing seat together.

[0025] Step 5. Open the ball valve on the sealing knife cylinder, remove the moisture in the sealing seat, then close the ball valve and observe the changes in the pressure gauge on the sealing knife cylinder to ensure that there is no pressure in the sealing seat.

[0026] Step 6. Remove the anti-loosening nut connected to the screw thread, and remove the flange knife cylinder, telescopic end cover and sealing knife cylinder connected by several bolts. Use the hydraulic cylinder to drive the flange knife cylinder and telescopic end cover to move out of the sealing knife cylinder. Remove the sealing seat and gate seat connected by several bolts, and replace the sealing gate, gate seat and sealing knife cylinder.

[0027] Step 7: After replacing the sealing gate, gate seat and sealing knife cylinder, push the replaced sealing knife cylinder into the flange knife cylinder again, and fix the flange knife cylinder and the sealing knife cylinder with a plurality of bolts, and fix the flange knife cylinder and the blocking knife cylinder with a plurality of screw rods, and release the connection between the blocking knife cylinder and the sealing seat;

[0028] Step 8. After releasing the connection between the sealing knife cylinder and the sealing seat, connect the flange knife cylinder, the sealing knife cylinder and the telescopic end cover as a whole, and remove the sealing knife cylinder as a whole to complete the replacement.

[0029] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0030] (1) The shield machine uses a cutterhead sealing replacement mechanism for normal pressure cutter replacement. When replacing the sealing gate, the flange cutter cylinder, the sealing cutter cylinder, and the telescopic end cover are pre-connected as a whole so that the replacement mechanism enters the sealing cutter cylinder as a whole. The self-locking component shrinks under the sliding resistance of the inner wall of the sealing cutter cylinder until the whole mechanism reaches the lock groove position of the sealing seat. The self-locking component pops out and inserts the connection lock groove so that the sealing cutter cylinder and the sealing seat can be quickly connected. After the sealing cutter cylinder and the sealing seat are connected, the flange cutter cylinder and the telescopic end cover are disassembled and removed to facilitate the normal pressure replacement of the failed sealing gate, gate seat and sealing cutter cylinder. The replacement construction is simple and easy to operate, which greatly reduces the difficulty of replacing the sealing gate under normal pressure and is safe and efficient.

[0031] (2) The shield machine normal pressure cutterhead plugging and replacement mechanism facilitates the uniform installation of the self-locking assembly on the plugging cutter barrel. When the telescopic column is squeezed, it can drive the limit plate to compress the spring to move the telescopic column downward; when the squeeze on the telescopic column is released, the elastic action of the spring drives the limit plate and the telescopic column to move upward, which is convenient for realizing the self-locking connection. Several locking grooves are provided to adapt the telescopic column to pop out and lock the connection to ensure that the connection between the plugging cutter barrel and the sealing seat is stable and reliable;

[0032] (3) The shield machine cutterhead plugging and replacement mechanism for normal pressure cutter replacement realizes the detachable connection between the plugging cutter barrel, flange cutter barrel and telescopic end cover through a number of screw rods. It is easy to operate and can avoid personnel entering the flange cutter barrel for construction, which can reduce the uncertain safety risks brought about by the replacement construction process;

[0033] (4) The shield machine cutterhead sealing replacement method for normal pressure cutter replacement is convenient for quickly sealing the sealing seat through the replacement mechanism composed of the flange cutter barrel, the sealing cutter barrel, and the telescopic end cover, so as to realize the replacement of the sealing gate under normal pressure. The operation is safe and the construction is simple and easy, which solves the problem of the cumbersome construction of the normal pressure replacement of the sealing gate when it fails. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the cutterhead plugging and replacing mechanism for normal pressure cutter changing of a shield machine according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a cutterhead sealing and replacing mechanism for a shield machine at normal pressure;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the flange cutter barrel and the sealing cutter barrel of the cutterhead plugging and replacing mechanism for normal pressure cutter changing of a shield machine according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a side view of the opening end of the blocking cutter barrel of the cutterhead blocking and replacing mechanism for normal pressure cutter changing of a shield machine according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the self-locking assembly of the cutterhead sealing and replacement mechanism for normal pressure cutter change of a shield machine according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 It is a side view of the open end of the flange cutter barrel facing the sealing cutter barrel of the cutter disc sealing and replacing mechanism for normal pressure cutter changing of a shield machine according to the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a side view of the opening end of the sealed cutter barrel of the cutterhead sealing and replacement mechanism for normal pressure cutter replacement of a shield machine according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the telescopic end cover structure of the cutterhead sealing and replacing mechanism for the shield machine at normal pressure.

[0043] In the figure: 1. Flange knife cylinder; 101. Ring groove; 102. Connecting hole; 103. Raised strip; 2. Sealing knife cylinder; 20. Sealing convex ring; 21. Sealing groove; 3. Telescopic end cover; 30. Clamp; 4. Screw; 5. Anti-loosening nut; 6. Cutter head; 7. Sealing seat; 70. Locking groove; 8. Gate seat; 9. Sealing gate; 10. Sealing knife cylinder; 100. Slot; 11. Self-locking assembly; 110. Telescopic column; 111. Positioning block; 112. Limiting plate; 113. Spring; 12. Sealing ring; 13. Bolt 1; 14. Pressure gauge; 15. Ball valve; 16. Bolt 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms indicating orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention; in the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" and "several" is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] See also Figure 1-2 As shown, the present invention is a cutterhead sealing and replacement mechanism for normal pressure tool change of a shield machine, comprising a flange cutter barrel 1, a sealing cutter barrel 2, a self-locking component 11 and a telescopic end cover 3. The flange cutter barrel 1 is inserted and connected to the sealing cutter barrel 10. The sealing cutter barrel 10 is an integral structure arranged on one side of the gate seat 8. The gate seat 8 is detachably connected to the sealing seat 7. The side of the sealing seat 7 facing away from the gate seat 8 is fixedly connected to the cutterhead 6, and a sealing gate 9 is installed on the gate seat 8; the open end of one side of the sealing cutter barrel 2 is detachably connected to the flange cutter barrel 1, and the closed end on the other side is sealed in the center hole of the cutterhead 6; the self-locking components 11 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the open end of the sealing cutter barrel 2, and the sealing cutter barrel 2 and the sealing seat 7 are fixedly connected by the self-locking components 11; the telescopic end cover 3 is inserted and connected to the flange cutter barrel 1, and clamping blocks 30 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the inner wall of the telescopic end cover 3, and the flange mouth end of the telescopic end cover 3, the flange mouth end of the flange cutter barrel 1 and the flange mouth end of the sealing cutter barrel 10 are detachably connected.

[0048] When replacing the sealing gate 9, the flange knife cylinder 1, the blocking knife cylinder 2, and the telescopic end cover 3 are pre-connected as a whole. The symmetrical clamping blocks 30 on both sides of the inner wall of the telescopic end cover 3 can be used to fix the push plate, and the push plate is fixedly connected to the telescopic tail end of the hydraulic cylinder (not shown in the figure). The flange knife cylinder 1, the blocking knife cylinder 2 and the telescopic end cover 3 are driven by the hydraulic cylinder as a whole to enter the sealing knife cylinder 10. During the process of the replacement mechanism of the present application entering the sealing knife cylinder 10 as a whole, the self-locking component 11 shrinks under the sliding resistance of the inner wall of the sealing knife cylinder 10 until the whole mechanism reaches the sealing seat 7. When the locking groove 70 is in the position, the self-locking component 11 pops out and is inserted into the connecting locking groove 70, so that the sealing knife cylinder 2 and the sealing seat 7 can be quickly connected. The sealing knife cylinder 2 can isolate the high water pressure environment, and realize the removal and replacement of the sealing gate 9 under normal pressure. After the connection between the sealing knife cylinder 2 and the sealing seat 7 is completed, the flange knife cylinder 1 and the telescopic end cover 3 are removed to facilitate the replacement of the sealing gate 9, gate seat 8 and sealing knife cylinder 10 in the failed state under normal pressure. The replacement construction is simple and easy to operate, which greatly reduces the difficulty of replacing the sealing gate 9 under normal pressure, and is safe and efficient.

[0049] In this embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the self-locking assembly 11 includes a telescopic column 110, a positioning block 111, a limit plate 112 and a spring 113. The telescopic column 110 is inserted and connected to the positioning block 111, and the positioning block 111 is fixedly mounted on the inner circumferential wall of the blocking knife cylinder 2. A limit plate 112 and a spring 113 are arranged in the hollow cavity of the positioning block 111. The limit plate 112 is slidably connected in the hollow cavity of the positioning block 111, and the limit plate 112 is integrally connected to the telescopic column 110, and the spring 113 is in contact with the limit plate 112, so that the self-locking assembly 11 is evenly installed on the blocking knife cylinder 2. When the telescopic column 110 is in an extruded state, it can drive the limit plate 112 to compress the spring 113 to move the telescopic column 110 downward. When the extrusion on the telescopic column 110 is released, the elastic action of the spring 113 drives the limit plate 112 and the telescopic column 110 to move upward, so as to realize the self-locking connection.

[0050] Further, such as Figure 2 As shown, a number of locking grooves 70 are evenly distributed on the circumferential hole wall of the sealing seat 7. The top end of the telescopic column 110 passes through the telescopic sealing knife cylinder 2 and is inserted into the locking groove 70. The set locking grooves 70 are used to adapt the telescopic column 110 to pop out and lock the connection to ensure that the connection between the sealing knife cylinder 2 and the sealing seat 7 is stable and secure.

[0051] In this embodiment, Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, a ring-shaped sealing convex ring 20 is provided on the open end face of the sealing knife cylinder 2, and a ring groove 101 is provided on the open section of the flange knife cylinder 1 facing the sealing knife cylinder 2. The ring groove 101 is used to insert and connect the sealing convex ring 20. The sealing convex ring 20 is adapted to be plugged into the ring groove 101 so that the open ends of the sealing knife cylinder 2 and the flange knife cylinder 1 are sealed and connected to prevent water from leaking into the sealing knife cylinder 2 and the flange knife cylinder 1.

[0052] Further, such as Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, a plurality of screw rods 4 are evenly distributed on the sealing convex ring 20, and the screw rods 4 are inserted into the connecting holes 102 opened on the connecting flange knife cylinder 1, and the rod end of the screw rod 4 away from the blocking knife cylinder 2 passes through the telescopic end cover 3 and extends outward, and the rod end of the screw rod 4 extending outward is threadedly connected to the anti-loosening nut 5, and a detachable connection between the blocking knife cylinder 2, the flange knife cylinder 1 and the telescopic end cover 3 is realized by a plurality of screw rods 4, and at the same time, it is convenient to pre-connect the flange knife cylinder 1, the blocking knife cylinder 2, and the telescopic end cover 3 as a whole.

[0053] In this embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, a sealing groove 21 is provided on the outer circumferential wall of the sealing knife cylinder 2, and a sealing ring 12 is assembled in the sealing groove 21. The provided sealing ring 12 strengthens the sealing connection between the sealing knife cylinder 2 and the knife disc 6, and further serves to isolate high water pressure from entering the sealing seat 7.

[0054] In this embodiment, Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, a number of ridges 103 are evenly distributed on the circumferential outer wall of the flange knife cylinder 1 close to the flange mouth end, and the ridges 103 are slidably connected in the slots 100 opened in the sealing knife cylinder 10. The ridges 103 are adapted to be connected with the slots 100. When the flange knife cylinder 1 enters the sealing knife cylinder 10, it can slide along the slots 100 to limit the rotation of the flange knife cylinder 1, thereby avoiding the misalignment of the telescopic column 110 of the self-locking component 11 and the locking groove 70, thereby avoiding the assembly error among the flange mouth end of the telescopic end cover 3, the flange mouth end of the flange knife cylinder 1 and the flange mouth end of the sealing knife cylinder 10.

[0055] In this embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, a pressure gauge 14 and a ball valve 15 are provided on the sealing knife cylinder 10. After the flange knife cylinder 1, the blocking knife cylinder 2, and the telescopic end cover 3 are installed as a whole, since the sealing gate 9 is in a failed state, the ball valve 15 on the sealing knife cylinder 10 is opened, and the water vapor in the sealing seat 7 is removed and the ball valve 15 is closed. The changes in the pressure gauge 14 on the sealing knife cylinder 10 are observed to ensure that there is no pressure in the sealing seat 7. Replacing the sealing gate 9 under no pressure condition improves construction safety.

[0056] In this embodiment, Figure 2As shown, the flange end of the flange knife cylinder 1 and the flange end of the sealing knife cylinder 10 are fixedly connected by a plurality of bolts 16, and the disassembly and installation are convenient.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] like Figure 1-8 As shown, a shield machine cutterhead plugging and replacement method for normal pressure cutter change includes the following steps:

[0059] Step 1: Connect the flange knife cylinder 1, the blocking knife cylinder 2 and the telescopic end cover 3 as a whole, and insert the sealing convex ring 20 on the blocking knife cylinder 2 into the annular groove 101 opened in the connecting flange knife cylinder 1, and insert several screw rods 4 evenly distributed on the sealing convex ring 20 into the connecting holes 102 opened in the connecting flange knife cylinder 1, and the rod ends of the screw rods 4 passing through the telescopic end cover 3 are locked by the anti-loosening nuts 5, and the annular groove 101 is used to insert the connecting sealing convex ring 20, and the sealing convex ring 20 is adapted to be plugged into the annular groove 101 so that the opening ends of the blocking knife cylinder 2 and the flange knife cylinder 1 are sealed and connected to prevent water from leaking into the blocking knife cylinder 2 and the flange knife cylinder 1.

[0060] The replacement mechanism composed of the flange knife cylinder 1, the blocking knife cylinder 2 and the telescopic end cover 3 is convenient for quick disassembly and assembly. The connection between the flange knife cylinder 1, the blocking knife cylinder 2 and the telescopic end cover 3 by the screw rod 4 is completed on the protruding end surface, which is easy to operate and can avoid personnel entering the flange knife cylinder 1 for construction, thereby reducing the uncertain safety risks brought about during the replacement construction process.

[0061] Step 2: The symmetrical clamping blocks 30 on both sides of the inner wall of the telescopic end cover 3 are fixedly connected to the push plate, and the push plate is fixedly connected to the telescopic tail end of the hydraulic cylinder (not marked in the figure). The hydraulic cylinder drives the flange knife cylinder 1, the sealing knife cylinder 2 and the telescopic end cover 3 into the sealing knife cylinder 10 as a whole, so that the sealing seat 7 can be quickly sealed through the replacement mechanism of the whole composition, and the operation is safe and efficient.

[0062] Step three, several convex strips 103 evenly distributed on the flange knife cylinder 1 slide into the slots 100 opened in the sealing knife cylinder 10 until the convex strips 103 completely enter the slots 100, the flange knife cylinder 1, the telescopic end cover 3 and the sealing knife cylinder 10 are fixedly connected by several bolts 16, and the convex strips 103 are adapted to be connected with the slots 100. When the flange knife cylinder 1 enters the sealing knife cylinder 10, it can slide into the slots 100, thereby limiting the rotation of the flange knife cylinder 1 to avoid misalignment between the telescopic column 110 of the self-locking assembly 11 and the lock groove 70, thereby avoiding assembly errors among the flange mouth end of the telescopic end cover 3, the flange mouth end of the flange knife cylinder 1 and the flange mouth end of the sealing knife cylinder 10.

[0063] Step 4: The self-locking components 11 evenly distributed on the sealing knife cylinder 2 are activated, and the telescopic columns 110 included in the self-locking components 11 pop out and are inserted into the locking grooves 70 provided on the sealing seat 7 to fix the sealing knife cylinder 2 and the sealing seat 7 together.

[0064] In this step, it is convenient to evenly install the self-locking component 11 on the sealing knife cylinder 2. The telescopic column 110 included in the self-locking component 11 is in the extruded state. The inner wall of the sealing knife cylinder 10 squeezes the telescopic column 110, which can drive the limit plate 112 to compress the spring 113 to move the telescopic column 110 downward; when the extrusion of the telescopic column 110 is released, the several locking grooves 70 are used to adapt the telescopic column 110 to pop out and lock the connection to ensure that the sealing knife cylinder 2 and the sealing seat 7 are stably and firmly connected. The elastic action of the spring 113 drives the limit plate 112 and the telescopic column 110 to move upward, which is convenient for realizing the self-locking connection.

[0065] Step 5: Open the ball valve 15 on the sealing knife cylinder 10, remove the moisture in the sealing seat 7 and close the ball valve 15. Observe the changes in the pressure gauge 14 on the sealing knife cylinder 10 to ensure that there is no pressure in the sealing seat 7. Replace the sealing gate 9 under no pressure to improve construction safety.

[0066] Step 6. Release the anti-loosening nut 5 connected by the screw thread, and release the flange knife cylinder 1, telescopic end cover 3 and sealing knife cylinder 10 connected by several bolts 16. Use the hydraulic cylinder to drive the flange knife cylinder 1 and telescopic end cover 3 out of the sealing knife cylinder 10 as a whole, release the sealing seat 7 and gate seat 8 connected by several bolts 13, and replace the sealing gate 9, gate seat 8 and sealing knife cylinder 10.

[0067] Step 7. After replacing the sealing gate 9, gate seat 8 and sealing knife cylinder 10, push the replaced sealing knife cylinder 10 into the flange knife cylinder 1 again, and fix the flange knife cylinder 1 and the sealing knife cylinder 10 with a plurality of bolts 16. The flange knife cylinder 1 and the blocking knife cylinder 2 are fixedly connected with a plurality of screw rods 4, and the connection between the blocking knife cylinder 2 and the sealing seat 7 is released.

[0068] In this step, personnel can enter the replaced sealing knife cylinder 10 and release the connection between the self-locking component 11 and the sealing seat 7. Specifically, the telescopic column 110 is moved downward, and the top end of the telescopic column 110 is retracted into the through hole of the sealing knife cylinder 2. A pad can be clamped between the bottom end of the telescopic column 110 and the positioning block to keep the spring 113 in a compressed state, which is convenient for the subsequent removal of the sealing knife cylinder 2.

[0069] Step 8: After releasing the connection between the blocking knife cylinder 2 and the sealing seat 7, the flange knife cylinder 1, the blocking knife cylinder 2 and the telescopic end cover 3 are connected as a whole, and the sealing knife cylinder 10 is removed as a whole to complete the replacement.

[0070] The above is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention. However, the content described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be considered to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shield machine cutterhead plugging and replacement mechanism for normal pressure cutter change, characterized in that: include: The flange knife cylinder (1) is inserted and connected to the sealing knife cylinder (10), the sealing knife cylinder (10) is integrally arranged on one side of the gate seat (8), the gate seat (8) is detachably connected to the sealing seat (7), and the sealing seat (7) is fixedly connected to the knife disc (6) on the side facing away from the gate seat (8); A sealing knife cylinder (2), one open end of which is detachably connected to the flange knife cylinder (1), and the other closed end of which is sealed and arranged in the center hole of the knife disc (6); The self-locking assembly (11) is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the opening end of the blocking knife cylinder (2), and the blocking knife cylinder (2) and the sealing seat (7) are fixedly connected by the self-locking assembly (11). The self-locking assembly (11) includes a telescopic column (110), a positioning block (111), a limit plate (112) and a spring (113). The telescopic column (110) is inserted and connected to the positioning block (111). The positioning block (111) is fixedly installed on the inner circumferential wall of the blocking knife cylinder (2). The positioning block (111) is fixedly installed on the inner circumferential wall of the blocking knife cylinder (2). A limiting plate (112) and a spring (113) are provided in the hollow cavity of the positioning block (111), the limiting plate (112) is slidably connected in the hollow cavity of the positioning block (111), and the limiting plate (112) is integrally connected to the telescopic column (110), and the spring (113) and the limiting plate (112) are in abutting connection, a plurality of locking grooves (70) are evenly distributed on the circumferential hole wall of the sealing seat (7), and the top end of the telescopic column (110) passes through the telescopic sealing knife cylinder (2) and is plugged into the locking groove; The telescopic end cover (3) is inserted and connected to the flange knife cylinder (1), and clamping blocks (30) are symmetrically provided on both sides of the inner wall of the telescopic end cover (3), and the flange end of the telescopic end cover (3), the flange end of the flange knife cylinder (1) and the flange end of the sealing knife cylinder (10) are detachably connected.

2. A shield machine cutterhead plugging and replacement mechanism for normal pressure cutter change according to claim 1, characterized in that: A ring-shaped sealing convex ring (20) is provided on the open end surface of the sealing knife cylinder (2), and a ring groove (101) is provided on the open section of the flange knife cylinder (1) facing the sealing knife cylinder (2), and the ring groove (101) is used to insert and connect the sealing convex ring (20).

3. A shield machine cutterhead plugging and replacement mechanism for normal pressure cutter change according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of screw rods (4) are evenly distributed on the sealing convex ring (20), and the screw rods (4) are inserted into the connecting holes (102) opened on the flange knife cylinder (1), and the rod ends of the screw rods (4) on the side away from the blocking knife cylinder (2) pass through the telescopic end cover (3) and extend outward, and the rod ends of the screw rods (4) extending outward are threadedly connected to the anti-loosening nuts (5).

4. The cutterhead plugging and replacing mechanism for shield machine cutterhead changing at normal pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing groove (21) is provided on the outer circumferential wall of the sealing knife cylinder (2), and a connecting sealing ring (12) is assembled in the sealing groove (21).

5. The cutterhead sealing and replacing mechanism for shield machine cutterhead changing at normal pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of convex strips (103) are evenly distributed on the circumferential outer wall of the flange knife cylinder (1) close to the flange end, and the convex strips (103) are slidably connected to the slots (100) opened in the sealing knife cylinder (10).

6. The cutterhead sealing and replacing mechanism for shield machine cutterhead changing at normal pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing knife cylinder (10) is provided with a pressure gauge (14) and a ball valve (15).

7. The cutterhead sealing and replacing mechanism for shield machine cutterhead changing at normal pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flange end of the flange knife cylinder (1) and the flange end of the sealing knife cylinder (10) are fixedly connected by a plurality of bolts (16).

8. A shield machine cutterhead plugging and replacement method for normal pressure cutter change, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: The flange knife cylinder (1), the blocking knife cylinder (2) and the telescopic end cover (3) are connected as a whole, the sealing convex ring (20) on the blocking knife cylinder (2) is inserted into the ring groove (101) provided on the flange knife cylinder (1), and a plurality of screw rods (4) evenly distributed on the sealing convex ring (20) are inserted into the connection holes (102) provided on the flange knife cylinder (1), and the rod ends of the screw rods (4) passing through the telescopic end cover (3) are locked by the anti-loosening nut (5); Step 2: The symmetrical clamping blocks (30) on both sides of the inner wall of the telescopic end cover (3) are fixedly connected to the push plate, and the push plate is fixedly connected to the telescopic tail end of the hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder as a whole drives the flange knife cylinder (1), the sealing knife cylinder (2) and the telescopic end cover (3) into the sealing knife cylinder (10); Step 3: The plurality of convex strips (103) evenly distributed on the flange knife cylinder (1) slide into the slots (100) provided on the sealing knife cylinder (10) until the plurality of convex strips (103) completely enter the slots (100), and the flange knife cylinder (1), the telescopic end cover (3) and the sealing knife cylinder (10) are fixedly connected by a plurality of bolts (16); Step 4: the self-locking components (11) uniformly arranged on the sealing knife cylinder (2) are actuated, and the telescopic columns (110) included in the self-locking components (11) are ejected and inserted into the locking grooves provided in the connection sealing seat (7), so as to fix the sealing knife cylinder (2) and the sealing seat (7) in connection; Step 5: Open the ball valve (15) on the sealing knife cylinder (10), remove the moisture in the sealing seat (7), and then close the ball valve (15). Observe the changes in the pressure gauge (14) on the sealing knife cylinder (10) to ensure that there is no pressure in the sealing seat (7); Step 6: Release the anti-loosening nut (5) connected by the screw thread, and release the flange knife cylinder (1), telescopic end cover (3) and sealing knife cylinder (10) connected by the plurality of bolts 2 (16), and use the hydraulic cylinder to drive the flange knife cylinder (1) and the telescopic end cover (3) to move out of the sealing knife cylinder (10), release the sealing seat (7) and the gate seat (8) connected by the plurality of bolts 1 (13), and replace the sealing gate (9), the gate seat (8) and the sealing knife cylinder (10); Step 7: After the sealing gate (9), gate seat (8) and sealing knife cylinder (10) are replaced, the replaced sealing knife cylinder (10) is pushed into the flange knife cylinder (1) again, and the flange knife cylinder (1) and the sealing knife cylinder (10) are fixedly connected by a plurality of bolts (16), and the flange knife cylinder (1) and the blocking knife cylinder (2) are fixedly connected by a plurality of screw rods (4), and the connection between the blocking knife cylinder (2) and the sealing seat (7) is released; Step 8: After releasing the connection between the plugging knife cylinder (2) and the sealing seat (7), the flange knife cylinder (1), the plugging knife cylinder (2) and the telescopic end cover (3) are connected as a whole, and the sealing knife cylinder (10) is removed as a whole to complete the replacement.

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