A fluidized pyrolysis and activation integrated device for preparing activated carbon by physical method and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fluidized pyrolysis and activation integrated device and preparation method for preparing activated carbon by physical method, and specifically relates to the field of preparation of activated carbon in activation furnace and thermal regeneration technology of waste activated carbon. 1. The device includes: a silo, a spare silo for starting and stopping the furnace, a sealed screw conveyor, a feeding pipe, a jacketed tubular hood, a cooler, a distributor, a mixed gas box, a slag cooler, a pneumatic conveying unit, a cyclone separator, a sealed material tank, a bag filter, and a heat exchange unit; the device is also divided into a deep activation zone, a fluidized pyrolysis and preliminary activation zone, and an ash slag zone. The present invention makes full use of the advantages of fast mass transfer and heat transfer of the fluidized bed, and efficiently uses the energy of the pyrolysis and activation tail gas in the material layer, and reacts with oxygen in a gas / gas homogeneous exothermic reaction, and the reaction is uniform and sufficient, which reduces the ineffective ablation of fixed carbon, greatly shortens the reaction time, is highly efficient and energy-saving, and at the same time improves the quality of activated carbon, and can process powdered carbonaceous materials, and has broad application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of activated carbon in an activation furnace and thermal regeneration of waste activated carbon, and in particular to a fluidized pyrolysis and activation integrated device for preparing activated carbon by a physical method and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, the field of activated carbon preparation is divided into two independent processes: carbonization and activation. The carbonization furnace and activation furnace are used to complete the process. The equipment is complex, the loss is high, the energy consumption is large, and there are strict requirements on the solid particle size. Powdered and fine-grained carbon materials cannot be carbonized and activated. At present, there are many furnace types and activation processes for the physical activation of activated carbon. The main furnace types are Slep activation furnace, rotary furnace,

[0003] In multi-stage furnaces, the activation process is that the activator (gas) contacts the surface of solid particles. The activator gas undergoes gas-solid endothermic reaction with the carbon layer due to gas diffusion at high temperature for activation. Therefore, existing furnace types have problems such as slow activation speed, long activation cycle, large activator consumption, poor product quality consistency, etc., and are bulky, expensive, and have many restrictions on raw material requirements.

[0004] The commonly used Slep activation furnace has a complex structure, long start-up and shutdown time, low utilization rate of the activator (steam), large consumption, and serious pollution; the biggest disadvantage of the rotary activation furnace is that it has high energy consumption, low unit volume output, and serious pollution; the multi-stage furnace is expensive, has a long construction period, and has high material requirements, among which heat-resistant steel needs to be imported from abroad. In addition, the above activation furnace types can only use granular carbonaceous materials, and cannot activate powdered carbonaceous raw materials.

[0005] As the amount of activated carbon used increases, the demand for the regeneration and reuse of waste activated carbon becomes stronger and stronger. In the current environment of "carbon peak", the regeneration and reuse of waste activated carbon is a good way to save energy and reduce emissions. At present, the regeneration technology of waste activated carbon generally uses two types: rake furnace and rotary furnace, but both require a large amount of fuel gas to provide regeneration heat, and can only regenerate granular waste activated carbon, not small particles or powdered activated carbon. At the same time, the quality of the regenerated activated carbon also decreases a lot. Summary of the invention

[0006] To this end, in view of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned technologies, the present invention provides an integrated fluidized pyrolysis and activation device and method for preparing activated carbon by physical methods. It is a pyrolysis and activation technology of direct fluidized contact between gas and solid, and also an advanced technology for preparing activated carbon by physical fluidized pyrolysis and activation coupling of carbonaceous materials.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] According to one aspect of the present invention, a fluidized pyrolysis and activation integrated device for preparing activated carbon by a physical method is provided, the device comprising:

[0009] Silo, spare silo for starting and stopping the furnace, sealed screw conveyor, feeding pipe, jacketed pipe hood, cooler, distributor, mixed gas box, slag cooler, pneumatic conveying unit, cyclone separator, sealed material tank, bag filter, heat exchange unit;

[0010] The device is also divided into a deep activation zone, a fluidized pyrolysis and preliminary activation zone, and an ash and slag zone;

[0011] Before feeding, the materials in the standby silo of the start-up and shutdown furnace enter the equipment, and the device is started to enter the fluidization state;

[0012] After the equipment is started, the material is conveyed from the silo through the feeding pipe by a sealed screw conveyor and then preheated by the feeding pipe before entering the distributor;

[0013] A part of the activated gas enters the fluidized pyrolysis and preliminary activation zone from the mixed gas box at the bottom of the furnace through the third hood. After the preliminary reaction, the activated carbon enters the deep activation zone for further deep activation.

[0014] Another part of the activated gas, one part of the gas enters the material layer of the equipment through the jacketed pipe hood, and another part of the gas enters through the pneumatic conveying unit and mixes with the solid material entering the distributor; the deeply activated granular activated carbon is collected by the cooler;

[0015] The gas from the deep activation zone and a part of the powdered activated carbon with small particle size enter the cyclone separator. After gas-solid separation, the solid enters the sealed material tank for collection. After the gas is cooled by the heat exchange unit, the bag filter filters out the remaining ultrafine powdered activated carbon for collection. The gas finally enters the back-end treatment.

[0016] After the mixed gas of external air and water vapor exchanges heat with the gas entering the back-end treatment, it enters the material layer of the device through the third wind hood and evenly enters the fluidized pyrolysis and preliminary activation zone and deep activation zone. On the one hand, it serves as a gas fluidizing medium, and at the same time, water vapor acts as an activator to activate the endothermic reaction. Oxygen and combustible pyrolysis gas undergo a gas / gas homogeneous exothermic reaction to form high-temperature flue gas. The sensible heat of the high-temperature flue gas continuously provides heat for the subsequent pyrolysis and activation reactions.

[0017] The non-carbonaceous solids and oversized carbonaceous impurities in the reaction enter the ash and slag area and are regularly discharged from the furnace by the slag cooler for collection.

[0018] Furthermore, the device also includes a start-up and shutdown furnace standby bin; before feeding, the material in the start-up and shutdown furnace standby bin enters the equipment, and after entering the hot fluidized state, the feeding equipment is started;

[0019] Furthermore, the device also includes a first distribution air duct and a second distribution air duct; the first distribution air duct and the second distribution air duct respectively transport the gas into the equipment material layer.

[0020] Furthermore, the jacketed tubular hood is divided into a first air inlet, a second air inlet, a first hood opening, and a second hood opening;

[0021] Wherein, the first air inlet pipe is connected to the first distribution air duct, and the second air inlet pipe is connected to the second distribution air duct;

[0022] The gas entering from the first air inlet and the second air inlet is discharged evenly and horizontally around the circumference of the first air hood opening, and is discharged evenly and horizontally around the circumference of the second air hood opening;

[0023] The first hood opening is located in the deep activation zone.

[0024] Furthermore, the device also includes connecting pipes, which connect the distributor and the feeding pipe, and there are no less than 5 connecting pipes that are evenly distributed.

[0025] Furthermore, the distributor includes a high-temperature resistant alloy layer and a heat-resistant and wear-resistant ceramic layer, wherein the high-temperature resistant alloy is completely covered with the heat-resistant and wear-resistant ceramic layer.

[0026] Furthermore, the feeding pipe comprises a high-temperature resistant alloy layer and a heat-resistant and wear-resistant ceramic layer, wherein the high-temperature resistant alloy is completely covered with the heat-resistant and wear-resistant ceramic layer.

[0027] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing activated carbon using the fluidized pyrolysis and activation integrated device for preparing activated carbon by the above-mentioned physical method, comprising:

[0028] Step 1: The powdered and finely granulated carbon raw materials are first stored in a silo, and then sent to a feeding pipe for preliminary preheating by a sealed screw conveyor. Then, they are sent to a distributor under the action of pneumatic conveying equipment and the gravity of the carbon raw materials themselves, and then, through the gap of the connecting pipe, they fall evenly into the fluidized pyrolysis zone of the fluidized pyrolysis and activation integrated furnace under the action of gas pressure and the gravity of the solids themselves.

[0029] Step 2: The carbonaceous solids entering the furnace undergo a preliminary reaction in the fluidized pyrolysis and preliminary activation zone. As the reaction continues, the specific gravity of the solid carbon particles and powder gradually decreases. Under the fluidization of the gas uniformly injected from the mixed gas box through the third hood as a fluidizing medium, the solid carbon particles and powder gradually enter the deep activation zone and then undergo deep activation.

[0030] Step three, the preheated high-temperature gas through the jacketed tubular wind hood contacts the powdered and fine granular carbonaceous raw materials in the deep activation zone, and the oxygen therein reacts with the pyrolysis tail gas and the activated tail gas to produce gas / gas homogeneous reaction to release heat, thereby providing continuous heat for the deep activation endothermic reaction and maintaining the continuous and stable activation; the activated granular activated carbon enters the cooler through the discharge pipe and is collected as a product; the discharge port of the discharge pipe in the deep activation zone is located higher than the horizontal air outlet of the first wind hood in the deep activation zone; the powdered activated carbon with slightly larger particle size is separated from the gas and solid by the cyclone separator and then enters the sealed material tank for collection; the powdered activated carbon with small particle size is separated and collected in the bag filter.

[0031] Furthermore, in the step three, the particle size of the powdered activated carbon with slightly larger particles is greater than 100 μm.

[0032] Furthermore, in the step three, the particle size of the powdered activated carbon with small particles is less than 100 μm.

[0033] The particle size of the carbonaceous raw material suitable for the fluidized pyrolysis and activation integrated device and preparation method is less than or equal to 8 mm;

[0034] The residence time of the particulate carbonaceous feedstock in the integrated device, i.e., the fluidized pyrolysis activation reaction time, is less than 90 minutes.

[0035] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0036] The present invention makes full use of the advantages of fast mass and heat transfer of the fluidized bed, and efficiently uses the energy of pyrolysis and activated tail gas in the material layer, generating a gas / gas homogeneous exothermic reaction with oxygen. The reaction is uniform and sufficient, reducing the ineffective ablation of fixed carbon, greatly shortening the reaction time, being highly efficient and energy-saving, and at the same time improving the quality of activated carbon. It can also process powdered carbonaceous materials and has broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0038] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification so as to facilitate understanding and reading by persons familiar with the technology. They are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any structural modification, change in proportion or adjustment of size shall still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention.

[0039] Figure 1 A diagram of an integrated fluidized pyrolysis and activation device for preparing activated carbon by a physical method provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 A side view of a jacketed tubular hood provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 A top view of a jacketed tubular hood provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is an enlarged view of a feeding pipe and a distributor provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 A diagram of an integrated fluidized pyrolysis and activation device for preparing activated carbon by a physical method provided in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 A diagram of an integrated fluidized pyrolysis and activation device for preparing activated carbon by a physical method provided in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7 A diagram of an integrated fluidized pyrolysis and activation device for preparing activated carbon by a physical method provided in Example 4 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 8 A diagram of an integrated fluidized pyrolysis and activation device for preparing activated carbon by a physical method provided in Example 5 of the present invention;

[0047] In the figure: 1-silo; 2-sealed screw conveyor; 3-jacketed pipe hood; 4-start-stop spare silo; 5-cooler; 6-connecting pipe; 7-distributor; 8-mixed gas box; 81-third hood; 9-first mixer; 10-slag cooler; 11-pneumatic conveying unit; 12-second mixer; 13-cyclone separator; 14-sealed material tank; 15-Roots blower; 16-air preheater; 17-gas blower 18-gas cylinder; 19-gas intercooler; 20-induced draft fan; 21 -bag filter; 22-secondary air blower; 23-secondary air duct; 24-second air cap; 25-feeding pipe; 26-integrated activation furnace; 27-discharge pipe; 28-slag outlet; 29-waste heat steam boiler; 30-incinerator; 31-mixer heat exchanger; 32-steam superheater; 33-economizer; 34-chimney; 35-blower; 36-external burner; 37-air box; 38-first distribution air duct; 39-second distribution air duct; 40-first air cap; 41-heat exchange unit;

[0048] 3-1-first air inlet; 3-2-second air inlet; 3-3-first hood opening; 3-4; second hood opening; 3-5-isobaric connecting pipe; 3-6-hood inner pipe; 3-7-hood outer pipe;

[0049] A-deep activation zone; B-fluidized pyrolysis and preliminary activation zone; C-ash zone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by specific embodiments. People familiar with the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] This embodiment provides a fluidized pyrolysis and activation integrated device and preparation method for preparing activated carbon by physical method:

[0053] Equipment such as Figure 1 As shown, including:

[0054] Silo 1, sealed screw conveyor 2, jacketed tubular hood 3, start-stop furnace spare silo 4, cooler 5, connecting pipe 6, distributor 7, mixed gas box 8, third hood 81, slag cooler 10, pneumatic conveying unit 11, cyclone separator 13, sealed material tank 14, bag filter 21, heat exchange unit 41;

[0055] The device is also divided into a deep activation zone A, a fluidized pyrolysis and preliminary activation zone B and an ash and slag zone C;

[0056] Before feeding, the materials in the start-stop furnace spare silo 4 enter the equipment and start the equipment;

[0057] After the equipment is started, the material enters the distributor 7 from the silo 1 through the sealed screw conveyor 2 and the feeding pipe 25;

[0058] Part of the gas enters the equipment through the jacketed tubular hood 3, and part of the gas enters through the pneumatic conveying unit 11, mixes with the solid material entering the distributor 7, and enters the fluidized pyrolysis and preliminary activation zone B. After the pyrolysis and preliminary activation reaction, the activated carbon enters the deep activation zone A for further deep activation; the deeply activated granular activated carbon is collected by the cooler 5;

[0059] The gas from deep activation zone A and a portion of solids with small particle size enter the cyclone separator 13, and the fine particles of activated carbon separated

[0060] The gas enters the sealed material tank 14 for collection; after the gas is cooled by the heat exchange unit 41, the powdered activated carbon is filtered out by the bag filter 21 for collection; the gas finally enters the back-end for processing;

[0061] After heat exchange between the mixed gas of external air and water vapor and the gas entering the back-end treatment, the mixed gas enters the equipment material layer uniformly through the third wind cap 81 from the mixed gas box 8, and serves as a gas fluidizing medium, while entering the fluidized pyrolysis and preliminary activation zone B and the deep activation zone A for reaction and heat supply;

[0062] The non-carbonaceous solids after the reaction and the carbonaceous solids with large particle sizes that are not suitable for fluidization enter the ash and slag area C, and are regularly discharged from the slag cooler 10 through the slag outlet 28 for collection.

[0063] Furthermore, the device also includes a first distribution air duct 38 and a second distribution air duct 39; the first distribution air duct 38 and the second distribution air duct 39 respectively transport the gas into the equipment material layer.

[0064] Furthermore, the jacketed tubular hood is divided into a first air inlet 3-1, a second air inlet 3-2, a first hood opening 3-3 and a second hood opening 3-4;

[0065] The first hood opening 3 - 3 is on the first hood 40 ; the second hood opening 3 - 4 is on the second hood 24 ;

[0066] The first air inlet 3-1 is connected to the first distribution air duct 38, and the second air inlet 3-2 is connected to the second distribution air duct;

[0067] The gas entering through the first air inlet 3-2 and the second air inlet 3-2 is discharged evenly and horizontally around the first air cap opening 40 and evenly and horizontally around the second air cap opening 24;

[0068] The first hood opening 40 is located in the deep activation zone A.

[0069] Furthermore, the device also includes a connecting pipe 6, which connects the distributor 7 and the feeding pipe 25, and there are no less than 5 connecting pipes 6 that are evenly distributed.

[0070] Furthermore, the distributor 7 comprises a high temperature resistant alloy layer and a wear-resistant ceramic layer, wherein the high temperature resistant alloy is completely covered with the wear-resistant ceramic layer.

[0071] Furthermore, the feeding pipe 25 includes a high temperature resistant alloy layer and a wear-resistant ceramic layer, wherein the high temperature resistant alloy is completely covered by the wear-resistant ceramic layer.

[0072] like Figure 2 A side view of a jacketed tubular hood is shown:

[0073] Figure 3A top view of a jacketed tube hood, which stabilizes the pressure and flow from the horizontal air outlets of each hood;

[0074] Figure 4 It is an enlarged view of a feeding pipe and a distributor;

[0075] In the fluidized pyrolysis zone and the preliminary activation zone B, an annular secondary air is added to facilitate the pyrolysis and preliminary activation tail gas to more effectively react with oxygen in a gas / gas homogeneous exothermic reaction, providing heat for the activated carbon activation endothermic reaction in the material layer;

[0076] The feeding pipe 25 is coated with heat-resistant and wear-resistant ceramics; the pneumatic conveying unit 11 is connected to the feeding inlet of the feeding pipe 25.

[0077] The distributor 7 is made of high temperature resistant alloy covered with heat resistant and wear resistant ceramics.

[0078] The distributor 7 is connected to the feeding pipe 25 by a pipe, and a high-temperature resistant alloy is used to wrap the heat-resistant and wear-resistant ceramic pipe.

[0079] The feed pipe 25 can pneumatically transport the carbonaceous raw materials into the activation furnace for fluidized pyrolysis and preliminary activation of the B material layer.

[0080] The discharge pipes 27 of the cooler 5 are evenly distributed, and more than two discharge pipes are set. Qualified granular activated carbon enters the cooler 5 for indirect cooling and collection. More than two slag outlets 28 are set at the bottom of the furnace, and they all enter the slag cooler 10 for indirect cooling and collection. Slag is discharged regularly. During the continuous process of pyrolysis and activation, heavier slag or non-carbonaceous impurities are discharged from the slag cooler, which stabilizes the fluidization and plays a decontamination function. The impurities of the obtained activated carbon product are reduced and the quality is improved.

[0081] The method for preparing activated carbon using the fluidized pyrolysis and activation integrated device for preparing activated carbon by the above-mentioned physical method comprises:

[0082] Step 1: The powdered and finely granulated carbonaceous raw materials are first stored in the silo 1, and then sent to the feeding pipe 25 for preliminary preheating through the sealed screw conveyor 2. Then, they are sent to the distributor 7 under the action of the pneumatic conveying unit 11, and then fall into the integrated activation furnace 26 through the gap of the connecting pipe 6 under the action of the gas pressure and the gravity of the carbonaceous solid itself;

[0083] Step 2: The carbonaceous solids entering the furnace undergo pyrolysis and preliminary activation endothermic reaction in the fluidized pyrolysis and preliminary activation zone B. As the reaction continues, the specific gravity of the solid carbon particles or powder gradually decreases. Under the action of the gas fluidizing medium uniformly injected into the mixed gas box through the third hood 81, the solid carbon particles or powder gradually enter the deep activation zone A and then undergo deep activation.

[0084] Step three, the preheated high-temperature gas through the jacketed tubular hood is fully and evenly contacted with the powdered and fine granular carbonaceous raw materials in the deep activation zone A, and the oxygen therein reacts with the pyrolysis tail gas and the activated tail gas to produce a gas / gas homogeneous exothermic reaction to release heat, providing continuous heat for the deep activation endothermic reaction, and keeping the activation reaction going continuously and stably; the activated granular activated carbon enters the cooler 5 through the discharge pipe 27 and is collected as a product; the powdered activated carbon with slightly larger particle size passes through the cyclone separator 13 for gas-solid separation, and then enters the sealed material tank 14 for collection; the powdered activated carbon with small particle size passes through the heat exchange unit 41 and is collected in the bag filter 21.

[0085] The pneumatic conveying medium is high-temperature steam or activated tail gas (the activated tail gas contains steam and carbon dioxide gas) or a mixture of steam and activated tail gas;

[0086] The design of enlarging the furnace diameter in the deep activation zone A can reduce the gas fluidization velocity in the deep activation zone A, prolonging the time for gaseous activators such as water vapor and carbon dioxide to penetrate the material layer, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the activator gas;

[0087] On the one hand, water vapor acts as a gas activator, and on the other hand, it serves as a conveying medium to preheat the incoming solid carbonaceous material, which is highly efficient and energy-saving, and can also prevent the solid carbonaceous material from flash heating and bursting. The activated tail gas can not only serve as a conveying medium, but also replenish the energy of the fluidized pyrolysis activation zone, reduce the ineffective ablation of fixed carbon, increase the yield of activated carbon, and improve the quality of activated carbon.

[0088] Example 2

[0089] like Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment adds a secondary air supply device and a small particle size subsequent processing device on the basis of embodiment 1, as follows:

[0090] It includes: a silo 1, a sealed screw conveyor 2, a jacketed tubular hood 3, a start-stop furnace spare silo 4, a cooler 5, a connecting pipe 6, a distributor 7, a mixed gas box 8, a third hood 81, a first mixer 9, a slag cooler 10, a pneumatic conveying unit 11, a second mixer 12, a cyclone separator 13, a sealed material tank 14, a Roots blower 15, an air preheater 16, a gas blower 17, a gas cylinder 18, a gas intercooler 19, an induced draft fan 20, a bag filter 21, a secondary air blower 22, a secondary air duct 23, a second hood 24, a feeding pipe 25, an integrated activation furnace 26, a discharge pipe 27, a slag outlet 28, 38-a first distribution duct, 39-a second distribution duct, 40-a first hood, 41-a heat exchange unit;

[0091] 3-1-first air inlet; 3-2-second air inlet; 3-3-first hood opening; 3-4; second hood opening; 3-5-isobaric connecting pipe; 3-6-hood inner pipe; 3-7-hood outer pipe;

[0092] A-deep activation zone; B-fluidized pyrolysis and preliminary activation zone; C-ash zone.

[0093] The silo 1 is connected to the sealed screw conveyor 2, the outlet of the sealed screw conveyor 2 is connected to the feeding pipe 25, the feeding pipe 25 and the jacketed tubular hood 3 assembly are connected to the integrated activation furnace 26 through a flange, the pipe goes deep into the integrated activation furnace 26 and directly reaches the first hood 40 located in the deep activation area A; the start-stop furnace standby silo 4 is connected to the integrated activation furnace 26 through the sealed screw conveyor 2; the discharge pipe 27 extends from the carbon layer of the integrated activation furnace 26 and is connected to the cooler 5; the slag outlet 28 is connected to the integrated activation furnace 26, and the pipeline of the slag outlet 28 is connected to the slag cooler 10, The ash in the furnace is discharged; the inlet of the cyclone separator 13 is connected to the outlet of the integrated activation furnace 26, the lower part of the cyclone separator 13 is connected to the sealed material tank 14, the gas phase outlet of the cyclone separator 13 is connected to one end of the air preheater 16, the other end of the air preheater 16 is connected to the steam preheater 42, the other end of the steam preheater 42 is connected to the bag filter 21, the outlet of the bag filter 21 is connected to the inlet of the induced draft fan 20, the outlet of the induced draft fan 20 is connected to the inlet of the gas intercooler 19, the small branch line of the gas intercooler 19 is connected to the inlet of the gas fan 17, and the main line outlet is connected to the common pipeline of the external delivery system.

[0094] The device further comprises connecting pipes 6, which connect the distributor 7 and the feeding pipe 25, and there are no less than 5 connecting pipes 6 which are evenly distributed.

[0095] Method: The equipment is provided with a start-up and shutdown spare silo 4, so as to enable the furnace to be started and shut down before entering the working condition;

[0096] The powdery and fine granular carbonaceous raw materials are first stored in the silo 1, and then sent to the feeding pipe 25 for preliminary preheating through the sealed screw conveyor 2. Then, they are sent to the distributor 7 under the action of the pneumatic conveying unit 11, and evenly fall into the fluidized pyrolysis and preliminary activation zone B of the integrated activation furnace 26 under the action of the gas pressure and the solid's own gravity;

[0097] A secondary air supply inlet is arranged on the lower side wall of the furnace, and oxygen and the upward pyrolysis tail gas produce a gas / gas homogeneous reaction to release heat. The uniform annular arrangement can better control the material temperature of the carbonaceous solid; a gas box for high-temperature air and water vapor is arranged at the bottom, and the mixed gas of air and steam passes through the box and the wind cap to evenly enter the material layer at the bottom of the furnace, and reacts exothermically with the volatile substances in the carbonaceous material to quickly pyrolyze and preliminarily activate the solid, while generating high-temperature pyrolysis gas and activated tail gas, and at the same time fully heats the water vapor entering the bottom box and the feed pipe to form a high-temperature activator, providing activator gas for the activation endothermic reaction at the top;

[0098] The air from the secondary blower 22 undergoes a gas / gas homogeneous exothermic reaction with the pyrolysis and initial activation tail gas in the pyrolysis zone, so that the temperature of the solid and gas in the material layer is more uniform, and the reaction is more uniform and sufficient, which effectively reduces the ineffective ablation of fixed carbon, improves the yield of activated carbon and enhances the quality of activated carbon.

[0099] As the reaction proceeds, the pore volume of the activated carbon gradually increases, the pore structure increases, the specific surface area increases, and the specific gravity decreases. Under the action of the gas fluidizing medium in the mixed gas box, the activated carbon particles and powder gradually move upward and gradually enter the deep activation zone, and then undergo deep activation; the preheated high-temperature gas through the jacketed tubular hood 3 contacts the powdered and fine granular carbonaceous raw materials in the deep activation zone, and the oxygen therein reacts with the pyrolysis tail gas and the activated tail gas to produce a gas / gas homogeneous reaction to release heat, providing continuous heat for the deepening of the activation endothermic reaction, and maintaining the activation to proceed continuously and stably; the activated granular activated carbon passes through the discharge pipe 27 and enters the cooler 5 to be collected and stored as a product; the powdered activated carbon with a slightly larger particle size passes through the cyclone separator 13 for gas-solid separation and enters the sealed material tank 14 for collection; the fine powdered activated carbon is separated and collected in the bag filter 21.

[0100] The air output by the Roots blower 15 is heated by the air preheater 16, and then mixed with a part of the steam from the steam preheater 42 in the mixer 9 and enters the gas machine box 8, and then enters the material layer evenly through the wind cap to participate in the pyrolysis and activation reaction with the powdery and fine granular carbonaceous raw materials; the air from the secondary air blower 22 enters the integrated activation furnace through the secondary air distribution ring 23, and the other part of the air and the steam from the steam waste boiler 18 are mixed in the mixer 12 and then enter the jacketed tube wind cap 3 and enter the integrated activation furnace; a part of the steam from the gas cylinder 18 and the coal gas from the gas blower 17 are mixed in the mixer 11 and then enter the feeding pipe 25 as pneumatic conveying gas;

[0101] The high-temperature water vapor and air mixture introduced from the mixed gas box at the bottom of the furnace through the third wind hood 81 serves as a fluidizing medium, so that the solid in the furnace forms a fluidized state. At the same time, the oxygen in the air reacts rapidly with the volatile substances in the carbonaceous raw materials to release heat, providing reaction energy for fluidized pyrolysis and preliminary activation, and also heating the solid and gas medium entering the distributor. As the airflow rises, the pyrolysis exhaust gas and the preliminary activation exhaust gas react with the oxygen in the secondary air entering the jacketed tubular wind hood to produce a gas / gas homogeneous reaction and release heat, keeping the temperature stable and uniform, so that the solid is preliminarily activated. At the same time, a high-temperature activator gas is provided to the upper deep activation zone A to ensure the continuous deep activation. In the deep activation zone A, a mixed gas of high-temperature water vapor and air is input from the jacketed tubular hood 3. The input of water vapor ensures the concentration of the water vapor activator in the activation zone, making the activation reaction more uniform. Since the activation reaction is an endothermic reaction, the oxygen in the input air and the combustible gas in the upward pyrolysis tail gas and the activated tail gas produce a gas / gas homogeneous exothermic reaction, which continuously provides energy for the deep activation endothermic reaction:

[0102] Activation reaction: C+H2O→CO+H2(endothermic); C+CO2→2CO(endothermic);

[0103] C+O2→CO2(exothermic); H2+1 / 2O2→H2O(exothermic); CO+1 / 2O2→CO2(exothermic);

[0104] The activated tail gas produced in the integrated activation furnace carries a small amount of powdered activated carbon, which first enters the cyclone separator 12, separates the larger particle size powder, and then enters the air preheater 16, cools down after heat exchange with the air, and then enters the steam preheater 42 for further heat exchange and cooling, and then enters the bag filter 21 to collect the fine particle size powdered activated carbon. Then, under the action of the induced draft fan 20, most of the gas passes through the coal gas intercooler 19, and then most of the coal gas is purified in the purification system and then transported as fuel gas, and a small part is sent through the gas fan 17 to be used as a gas medium for pneumatic transportation.

[0105] Since the gas activator used in this embodiment has high utilization efficiency and energy utilization rate, the activated tail gas has a high calorific value and can be transported for external use, thus achieving the co-production of granular activated carbon, powdered activated carbon and fuel gas.

[0106] Example 3

[0107] like Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a fluidized pyrolysis and activation integrated device and preparation method for preparing activated carbon by physical method from volatile matter and powdered carbonaceous raw materials:

[0108] Compared with Example 1, a waste heat steam boiler 29 is added, which can cool the high-temperature flue gas and produce steam as a by-product. The high-temperature water vapor is used as a pneumatic conveying medium and re-enters the material layer of the device to preheat the carbonaceous raw material while making the gas / gas homogeneous reaction more complete and the heat and mass transfer of solid particles more uniform; and the water vapor can be transported out.

[0109] The details are as follows: including silo 1, sealed screw conveyor 2, jacketed tubular hood 3, start-stop furnace spare silo 4, cooler 5, connecting pipe 6, distributor 7, mixed gas box 8, third hood 81, mixer 9, slag cooler 10, pneumatic conveying unit 11, mixer 12, cyclone separator 13, sealed material tank 14, Roots blower 15, air preheater 16, cylinder 18, induced draft fan 20, bag filter 21, secondary air blower 22, secondary air distribution duct 23, feeding pipe 25, integrated activation furnace 26, discharge pipe 27, slag outlet 28, waste heat steam boiler 29, incinerator 30, mixer heat exchanger 31, steam superheater 32, economizer 33, chimney 34

[0110] The silo 1 is connected to the sealed screw conveyor 2, the outlet of the sealed screw conveyor 2 is connected to the feeding pipe 25, the feeding pipe 25 and the jacketed tubular hood 3 assembly are connected to the integrated activation furnace 26 through a flange, the outlet of the mixer 11 is connected to the upper part of the feeding pipe 25, and the pipe is deeply inserted into the integrated activation furnace 26; the start-stop furnace standby silo 4 is connected to the integrated activation furnace 26 through a sealed screw conveyor; the discharge pipe 27 extends from the carbon layer of the integrated activation furnace 26 and is connected to the cooler 5; the slag outlet 28 is connected to the integrated activation furnace 26, and the pipeline of the slag outlet 28 is connected to the slag cooler 10 to discharge the ash in the furnace; the cyclone separator 13 is connected to the outlet of the integrated activation furnace 26, the lower part of the cyclone separator 13 is connected to the sealed material tank 14, the gas phase outlet of the cyclone separator 13 is connected to one end of the air preheater 16, and the cyclone separator 1 The gas phase outlet pipeline is connected to the inlet of a spare high-temperature and high-pressure gas fan (spare), the outlet of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas fan (spare) is connected to the mixer 11, the other end of the air preheater 16 is connected to the steam superheater 32, and the outlet of the secondary fan 22 is connected to one side of the air preheater 16 in two connections; the other end of the steam superheater 32 is connected to the bag filter 21, the outlet of the bag filter 21 is connected to the inlet of the induced draft fan 20, the outlet of the induced draft fan 20 is connected to the inlet of the incinerator 30, the outlet of the incinerator 30 is connected to the mixing heat exchanger 31, the outlet of the mixed gas heat exchanger 31 is connected to the inlet of the steam waste heat boiler 29, and one side of the mixing heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the Roots blower 15; the outlet of the steam waste heat boiler 29 is connected to the inlet of the economizer 33, and the outlet of the economizer 33 is connected to the lower part of the chimney 34, so that the treated and qualified flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere.

[0111] The equipment principle and process are as follows: the powdery and fine granular carbon raw materials are first stored in the silo 1, and then sent to the feeding pipe 25 for preliminary preheating through the sealed screw conveyor 2, and then sent to the distributor 7 under the action of the pneumatic conveying device 11, and evenly fall into the fluidized pyrolysis zone B of the integrated activation furnace 26 under the action of the gas pressure and the solid's own gravity; the air from the secondary blower 22 contacts the powdery and fine granular carbon raw materials, and a high-temperature pyrolysis reaction and preliminary activation occur in the pyrolysis zone B. After the combustion reaction, the remaining ash is discharged from the integrated activation furnace through the slag discharge pipe 28 and the slag cooler 10; as the reaction continues, the specific gravity of the solid carbon particles or powder decreases.

[0112] It gradually becomes smaller, and under the action of the mixed gas box 8 evenly entering the gas fluidizing medium through the third wind hood 81, it gradually enters the deep activation zone A, and then undergoes deep activation; the preheated high-temperature gas through the jacketed tubular wind hood 3 contacts the powdered, fine granular carbonaceous raw materials or waste activated carbon in the deep activation zone, and the oxygen therein reacts with the pyrolysis tail gas, the activated tail gas and part of the fixed carbon to release heat through a combustion reaction, providing continuous heat for the deepening activation reaction, and maintaining the activation to proceed continuously and stably; the qualified granular activated carbon that has been activated passes through the discharge pipe 27 and enters the cooler 5, and is collected and stored as a product; the powdered activated carbon with slightly larger particles carried by the activated tail gas is separated by the cyclone separator 13 and then enters the sealed material tank 14 for collection; the fine particles are separated and collected in the bag filter 21.

[0113] The air delivered by the Roots blower 15 and the mixed gas passing through the gas cylinder 18 are heated in the mixed gas preheater 31, and then enter the gas machine box 8, and then enter the material layer through the air cap to participate in the pyrolysis and exothermic reaction with the volatile matter in the powdery and fine granular carbonaceous raw materials; after the air from the secondary air blower 22 passes through the air preheater 16, a part of it enters the mixer 12 and then enters the jacketed tubular air cap 3 to enter the material layer, and the other part goes to the secondary air duct 23 to enter the integrated activation furnace;

[0114] The activated tail gas produced in the integrated activation furnace carries a small amount of fine activated carbon powder, which first enters the cyclone separator 13, separates larger particles, and then enters the air preheater 16, cools down after heat exchange with air, and then enters the steam superheater 32 for further heat exchange and cooling, and then enters the bag filter 21 to collect small-particle powdered activated carbon. Then, under the action of the induced draft fan 20, after passing through the incinerator 30, the hot flue gas after combustion enters the mixed gas heat exchanger 31, enters the steam waste heat boiler 29 after preliminary cooling, and then enters the economizer 33. After the cooled flue gas is treated to be qualified, it goes to the chimney 34 and is discharged to the atmosphere.

[0115] Example 4

[0116] like Figure 7This embodiment provides a fluidized pyrolysis and activation integrated device and preparation method for preparing activated carbon from low-volatile carbonaceous raw materials by physical method:

[0117] Compared with the embodiment 1, the present embodiment adds external burners 36, and the external burners 36 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the furnace wall.

[0118] Specifically as follows: including a silo 1, a sealed screw conveyor 2, a jacketed tubular hood 3, a start-stop furnace standby silo 4, a mixed gas box 8, a third hood 81, a first mixer 9, a pneumatic conveying unit 11, a second mixer 12, a cyclone separator 13, a Roots blower 15, a gas blower 17, a gas cylinder 18, a gas intercooler 19, an induced draft fan 20, a bag filter 21, a waste heat steam boiler 29, a steam superheater 32, an economizer 33, a chimney 34, a blower 35, an external burner 36, and an air box 37;

[0119] The silo 1 is connected to the sealed screw conveyor 2, the outlet of the sealed screw conveyor 2 is connected to the feeding pipe 25, the feeding pipe 25 and the jacketed tubular hood 3 assembly are connected to the integrated activation furnace 26 through a flange, and the pipe penetrates into the integrated activation furnace 26; the start-stop furnace standby silo 4 is connected to the integrated activation furnace 26 through a sealed screw conveyor; the inlet of the cyclone separator 13 is connected to the outlet of the integrated activation furnace 26, the gas phase outlet of the cyclone separator 13 is connected to the steam superheater 32, the other end of the steam superheater 32 is connected to the steam waste heat boiler 29, the other end of the steam waste heat boiler 29 is connected to the bag filter 21, the outlet of the bag filter 21 is connected to the inlet of the induced draft fan 20, and the induced draft fan The outlet 20 is connected to the inlet of the gas intercooler 19, and the outlet of the intercooler 19 is connected to the external pipe network to send the activated tail gas out of the system. Another small branch line of the outlet of the gas intercooler 19 is connected to the inlet of the gas fan 17; the steam superheated by the steam superheater 32 is connected to the mixer 11 for use as a conveying gas in one way and connected to the mixer 9 in another way. The inlet of the mixer 9 is connected to the outlet of the air box 37 in another way; six external burners 36 are connected to the gas fan 17 and the air box 37, and the combustion heat released by the burners 36 provides heat for the activation furnace; the outlet of the mixer 9 is connected to the box 8, and the box 8 is connected to the activation furnace 26 through the hood, and the activation gas is evenly provided to the activation furnace through the hood.

[0120] The equipment principle and process are as follows: powdered, fine granular low-volatile carbon raw materials or waste activated carbon are first stored in a silo 1, and then sent to a feed pipe 25 for preheating through a sealed screw conveyor 2. Then, they are sent to a distributor 7 under the action of a pneumatic conveying unit 11, and evenly fall into a fluidized pyrolysis zone B of an integrated activation furnace 26 under the action of gas pressure and the solid's own gravity; six external burners 36 are connected to a gas blower 17 and an air box 37. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion heat release of the burner 36 provides heat for the activation furnace to carry out pyrolysis reaction and preliminary activation. After pyrolysis and preliminary activation reaction, the ash is discharged from the integrated activation furnace through a slag discharge pipe 28 and a slag cooler 10; as the reaction continues, the specific gravity of the solid carbon particles or powder gradually decreases. , under the action of the gas uniformly entering the mixed gas box 8 through the third wind hood 81 as a fluidizing medium, it gradually enters the deep activation zone and then undergoes deep activation; the preheated high-temperature gas through the jacketed tubular wind hood 3 contacts the powdered, fine granular carbonaceous raw materials or waste activated carbon in the deep activation zone, and the oxygen therein reacts with the pyrolysis tail gas and the activated tail gas to produce a gas / gas homogeneous reaction to release heat, providing continuous heat for the deep activation endothermic reaction and maintaining the activation to proceed continuously and stably; the activated granular activated carbon passes through the discharge pipe 27 and enters the cooler 5 to be collected and stored as a product; the powdered activated carbon with a slightly larger particle size is separated by the cyclone separator 13 and then enters the sealed material tank 14 for collection; the fine powdered activated carbon is separated and collected in the bag filter 21.

[0121] The steam from the gas cylinder 18 enters the mixer 12 and is used as the activation gas; the superheated steam from the steam superheater 32 enters the pneumatic conveyor 11 and is used as the pneumatic conveying gas of the feeding pipe 25;

[0122] The activated tail gas generated in the integrated activation furnace carries a small amount of fine-sized activated carbon particles, first enters the cyclone separator 12, and then enters the steam superheater 32 after separating the larger particles, and cools down after heat exchange with steam, and then enters the steam waste heat boiler 29 for further heat exchange and cooling, and then enters the bag filter 21 to collect small-sized powdered activated carbon. Then, under the action of the induced draft fan 20, after passing through the coal gas intercooler 19, most of the tail gas goes to the purification system for purification and is used as fuel gas for external transmission, and a small part is sent to the external burner 36 through the gas fan 17 for use as fuel gas.

[0123] Example 5

[0124] like Figure 8 This embodiment provides a fluidized pyrolysis and activation integrated device and preparation method for preparing activated carbon from carbonaceous materials with high volatile content and high alkali metal content by physical method:

[0125] Compared with Example 1, an incinerator 30 is added. In the carbonaceous dust, the bag filter is easily blocked due to insufficient cracking of tar-like substances, affecting the continuous operation of the system. The incinerator is placed in front, the blower is axially distributed with air, and low-nitrogen combustion is performed to generate high-temperature flue gas. After passing through multiple preheaters and waste water steam boilers, the sensible heat is collected by the coal-saving gas and then cooled to below 200°C. The bag filter collects the flue gas dust, and the flue gas is discharged after desulfurization and purification.

[0126] Specifically as follows: including silo 1, sealed screw conveyor 2, jacketed tubular hood 3, start-stop furnace spare silo 4, cooler 5, connecting pipe 6, distributor 7, mixed gas box 8, third hood 81, slag cooler 10, pneumatic conveying unit 11, mixer 12, cyclone separator 13, sealed material tank 14, Roots blower 15, air preheater 16, air cylinder 18, induced draft fan 20, bag filter 21, secondary air blower 22, secondary air distribution pipe 23, feeding pipe 25, discharge pipe 27, waste heat steam boiler 29, incinerator 30, mixer heat exchanger 31, steam superheater 32, economizer 33, chimney 34, blower 35;

[0127] The silo 1 is connected to the sealed screw conveyor 2, the outlet of the sealed screw conveyor 2 is connected to the feeding pipe 25, the feeding pipe 25 and the jacketed tubular hood 3 assembly are connected to the integrated activation furnace 26 through a flange, and the pipe is deeply inserted into the integrated activation furnace 26; the start-stop furnace standby silo 4 is connected to the integrated activation furnace 26 through a sealed screw conveyor; the discharge pipe 27 extends from the carbon layer of the integrated activation furnace 26 and is connected to the cooler 5; the slag outlet 28 is connected to the integrated activation furnace 26, and the pipeline of the slag outlet 28 is connected to the slag cooler 10 to discharge the ash in the furnace; the cyclone separator 13 is connected to the outlet of the integrated activation furnace 26, the lower part of the cyclone separator 13 is connected to the sealed material tank 14, and the gas phase outlet of the cyclone separator 13 and The inlet of the incinerator 30 is connected, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the mixed gas preheater 31, and the blower 35 is connected to the inlet of the incinerator; the outlet of the mixed gas preheater 31 is connected to the inlet of the air preheater 16, and the outlet of the Roots blower 15 is connected to the mixed gas preheater 31; the secondary air blower 22 is connected to one side of the air preheater 16, the outlet of the air preheater 16 is connected to the inlet of the steam superheater 32, the outlet of the steam superheater is connected to the inlet of the steam waste heat boiler 29, the other end of the steam waste heat boiler 29 is connected to the inlet of the economizer 33, the outlet of the economizer 33 is connected to the inlet of the bag filter 21, the outlet of the bag filter 21 is connected to the inlet of the induced draft fan 20, and the outlet of the induced draft fan 20 is connected to the chimney 34 to discharge the flue gas into the atmosphere.

[0128] The equipment principle and process are as follows: the powdered and fine granular carbonaceous raw materials are first stored in the silo 1, and then sent to the feeding pipe 25 for preliminary preheating through the sealed screw conveyor 2. Then, they are sent to the distributor 7 under the action of the pneumatic conveying unit 11, and evenly fall into the fluidized pyrolysis zone B of the integrated activation furnace 26 under the action of the gas pressure and the solid's own gravity; the high-temperature mixed gas from the mixer preheater 31 enters the mixed gas box 8 and evenly enters the material layer and the carbonaceous material at the bottom of the activation furnace through the wind hood to pyrolyze, and then the air from the secondary blower 22 is fully in contact with the pyrolysis tail gas and the powdered and fine granular carbonaceous raw materials, and the gas / gas homogeneous reaction and part of the gas / solid reaction release heat, and combustion, pyrolysis reaction and preliminary activation occur evenly in the pyrolysis zone. The ash produced after part of the gas / solid combustion reaction is discharged from the integrated activation furnace through the slag discharge pipe 28 and the slag cooler 10 for collection; as the reaction continues, the specific gravity of the solid carbon particles or powder gradually decreases, and the high-temperature gas entering the mixed gas box 8 through the third wind hood 81 is used as

[0129] Under the action of the fluidized medium, it gradually enters the deep activation zone and then undergoes deep activation; the preheated high-temperature gas through the jacketed tubular hood 3 contacts the powdered, fine granular carbonaceous raw materials or waste activated carbon in the deep activation zone, and the oxygen therein reacts with the pyrolysis tail gas and the activated tail gas to produce a gas / gas homogeneous reaction to release heat, providing continuous heat for the deepening activation reaction and maintaining the activation to proceed continuously and stably; the qualified activated granular activated carbon passes through the discharge pipe 27 and enters the cooler 5 to be collected and stored as a product; the powdered activated carbon with a slightly larger particle size is separated by the cyclone separator 13 and then enters the sealed material tank 14 for collection; the fine powdered activated carbon is separated and collected in the bag filter 21.

[0130] The blower 35 provides combustion-supporting air for the incinerator 30; the air delivered by the Roots blower 15 and the water vapor from the steam waste heat boiler 29 are preheated in the mixer preheater 31, and then go to the mixer chassis 8 at the bottom of the activation furnace 26 and the bottom carbonaceous material to undergo high-temperature pyrolysis reaction; the air from the secondary air blower 22 is preheated by the air preheater, and a part of it goes to the secondary air distribution ring 23 to enter the integrated activation furnace, and reacts with the pyrolysis and activation tail gas to produce gas / gas homogeneous exothermic reaction, providing energy for the subsequent activation reaction to continue, and the other part goes to the mixer 12, and after mixing in the mixer 12, it enters the jacket hood 3 and enters the deep activation zone A to react with the upwardly moving activation and pyrolysis tail gas to produce gas / gas homogeneous exothermic reaction, maintaining the continuous and stable progress of the deep activation reaction. .

[0131] The activated tail gas generated in the integrated activation furnace carries a small amount of fine powdered activated carbon particles, which first enters the cyclone separator 13 for gas-solid separation. Most of the powdered activated carbon is separated and collected before entering the incinerator 30 to burn the activated tail gas to release heat. The high-temperature flue gas enters the mixer preheater 31 to preheat the mixer, and then the flue gas enters the air preheater 16 for further heat exchange and cooling, and then enters the steam superheater 32 to superheat the steam, and then enters the steam waste heat boiler 29 to exchange heat with water to generate a large amount of steam. After the flue gas is further cooled, it enters the economizer 33. The sufficiently cooled flue gas then enters the bag filter 21 to collect the tiny fine ash dust in the flue gas, and then is discharged to the atmosphere through the induced draft fan 20 and the chimney 34.

[0132] Although the present invention has been described in detail above by general description and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made to the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A fluidized pyrolysis and activation integrated device for preparing activated carbon by physical method, characterized in that: The device comprises: Silo, spare silo for starting and stopping the furnace, sealed screw conveyor, feeding pipe, jacketed pipe hood, cooler, distributor, mixed gas box, slag cooler, pneumatic conveying unit, cyclone separator, sealed material tank, bag filter, heat exchange unit; The device is also divided into a deep activation zone, a fluidized pyrolysis and preliminary activation zone, and an ash and slag zone; Before feeding, the materials in the standby silo of the start-up and shutdown furnace enter the equipment, and the device is started to enter the fluidization state; After the equipment is started, the material is conveyed from the silo through the feeding pipe by a sealed screw conveyor and then preheated by the feeding pipe before entering the distributor; A part of the activated gas enters the fluidized pyrolysis and preliminary activation zone from the mixed gas box at the bottom of the furnace through the third hood. After the preliminary reaction, the activated carbon enters the deep activation zone for further deep activation. Another part of the activated gas, one part of the gas enters the material layer of the equipment through the jacketed pipe hood, and another part of the gas enters through the pneumatic conveying unit and mixes with the solid material entering the distributor; the deeply activated granular activated carbon is collected by the cooler; The gas from the deep activation zone and a part of the powdered activated carbon with small particle size enter the cyclone separator. After gas-solid separation, the solid enters the sealed material tank for collection. After the gas is cooled by the heat exchange unit, the bag filter filters out the remaining ultrafine powdered activated carbon for collection. The gas finally enters the back-end treatment. After the mixed gas of external air and water vapor exchanges heat with the gas entering the back-end treatment, it enters the material layer of the device through the third wind hood and evenly enters the fluidized pyrolysis and preliminary activation zone and deep activation zone. On the one hand, it serves as a gas fluidizing medium, and at the same time, water vapor acts as an activator to activate the endothermic reaction. Oxygen and combustible pyrolysis gas undergo a gas / gas homogeneous exothermic reaction to form high-temperature flue gas. The sensible heat of the high-temperature flue gas continuously provides heat for the subsequent pyrolysis and activation reactions. The non-carbonaceous solids and oversized carbonaceous impurities in the reaction enter the ash and slag area and are regularly discharged from the furnace by the slag cooler for collection; The jacketed tubular hood is divided into a first air inlet, a second air inlet, a first hood opening, and a second hood opening; Wherein, the first air inlet pipe is connected to the first distribution air duct, and the second air inlet pipe is connected to the second distribution air duct; The gas entering from the first air inlet and the second air inlet is discharged evenly and horizontally around the circumference of the first air hood opening, and is discharged evenly and horizontally around the circumference of the second air hood opening; The first hood opening is located in the deep activation zone.

2. According to claim 1, a fluidized pyrolysis and activation integrated device for preparing activated carbon by physical method, characterized in that: The device also includes a first distribution air duct and a second distribution air duct; the first distribution air duct and the second distribution air duct respectively transport gas into the equipment material layer.

3. According to claim 2, a fluidized pyrolysis and activation integrated device for preparing activated carbon by physical method, characterized in that: The device also includes connecting pipes, which connect the distributor and the feeding pipe, and there are no less than 5 connecting pipes which are evenly distributed.

4. The integrated fluidized pyrolysis and activation device for preparing activated carbon by physical method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The distributor comprises a high-temperature resistant alloy layer and a heat-resistant and wear-resistant ceramic layer, wherein the high-temperature resistant alloy is completely covered with the heat-resistant and wear-resistant ceramic layer.

5. The integrated fluidized pyrolysis and activation device for preparing activated carbon by physical method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The feeding pipe comprises a high-temperature resistant alloy layer and a heat-resistant and wear-resistant ceramic layer, wherein the high-temperature resistant alloy is completely covered with the heat-resistant and wear-resistant ceramic layer.

6. A method for preparing activated carbon using the fluidized pyrolysis and activation integrated device for preparing activated carbon by the physical method described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: include: Step 1: The powdered and finely granulated carbon raw materials are first stored in a silo, and then sent to a feeding pipe for preliminary preheating by a sealed screw conveyor. Then, they are sent to a distributor under the action of pneumatic conveying equipment and the gravity of the carbon raw materials themselves, and then, through the gap of the connecting pipe, they fall evenly into the fluidized pyrolysis zone of the fluidized pyrolysis and activation integrated furnace under the action of gas pressure and the gravity of the solids themselves. Step 2: The carbonaceous solids entering the furnace undergo a preliminary reaction in the fluidized pyrolysis and preliminary activation zone. As the reaction continues, the specific gravity of the solid carbon particles and powder gradually decreases. Under the fluidization of the gas uniformly injected from the mixed gas box through the third hood as a fluidizing medium, the solid carbon particles and powder gradually enter the deep activation zone and then undergo deep activation. Step three, the preheated high-temperature gas through the jacketed tubular wind hood contacts the powdered and fine granular carbonaceous raw materials in the deep activation zone, and the oxygen therein reacts with the pyrolysis tail gas and the activated tail gas to produce gas / gas homogeneous reaction to release heat, thereby providing continuous heat for the deep activation endothermic reaction and maintaining the continuous and stable activation; the activated granular activated carbon enters the cooler through the discharge pipe and is collected as a product; the discharge port of the discharge pipe in the deep activation zone is located higher than the horizontal air outlet of the first wind hood in the deep activation zone; the powdered activated carbon with slightly larger particle size is separated from the gas and solid by the cyclone separator and then enters the sealed material tank for collection; the powdered activated carbon with small particle size is separated and collected in the bag filter.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step three, the particle size of the powdered activated carbon with slightly larger particles is greater than 100 μm and less than 500 μm.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step 3, the particle size of the powdered activated carbon with small particles is less than or equal to 100 μm; And / or, the particle size of the carbonaceous raw material is ≤8 mm.

9. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The residence time of the particulate carbonaceous feedstock in the integrated device, i.e., the fluidized pyrolysis activation reaction time, is less than 90 minutes.

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