Automatic fastening device and method for assembling carbon blocks

Abstract

The present invention relates to an automatic tying device and method for charcoal block assembly, comprising a base, a charcoal block mobile platform, a box, a stand, and a box lifting mechanism. The stand is mounted on the base, and the upper end of the stand is provided with a box lifting mechanism. The box is mounted on the stand and driven up and down by the box lifting mechanism. The box is provided with an air hammer. The charcoal block mobile platform is slidably connected to the base and is located below the hammer head of the air hammer. A scale is provided on one side of the stand, and a crook is provided on one side of the box to cooperate with the scale. The present invention solves the defects of the original manual tying method, improves tying efficiency, and reduces the labor intensity of workers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, in particular to an automatic fastening device and method for assembling carbon blocks. Background Art

[0002] The cathode carbon block and steel rod assembly is a crucial component of the aluminum electrolytic cell construction process. The cathode carbon block and steel rod are bonded together with a paste to form a unified structure. This structure, acting as the cathode lining of the electrolytic cell, together with other components, forms a cavity to hold the molten aluminum and provide an electrolytic environment for the conductive material. Statistics on electrolytic cell overhauls indicate that over 90% of cell failures are caused by damage to the bottom of the cathode carbon block. Based on production experience, electrolytic cell leakage is closely related to the life of the cathode lining. Therefore, the quality of the carbon block assembly directly affects current distribution and efficiency, aluminum ingot production quality, and the life of the electrolytic cell.

[0003] The cathode carbon block-steel rod assembly process in the prior art uses an overhead crane to hoist the preheated cathode carbon blocks and steel rods onto an assembly platform, or directly lay them flat on the ground. Special fixtures and wedge-shaped triangular wooden blocks are then used to clamp the cathode steel rods. One person first adds materials and performs leveling operations, and two people stand on either side of the length of the cathode carbon block and use tamping hammers to tamp the center. Two to four people then stand on either side of the width of the cathode carbon block and use two tamping hammers to tamp the blocks. The above operations are repeated until tamping is completed. After flipping the blocks using a special tool, they are hoisted out of the stack using an overhead crane. The entire tying operation requires a large number of people, at least 10 or more. In addition to the tamping operators, four auxiliary personnel are required to lift the steel rods, carbon blocks, and add materials, and one person is required to polish the steel rods. After tamping is completed, one person is required to hoist the blocks out of the stack using an overhead crane.

[0004] Since the entire cathode assembly in the existing technology is purely manual operation, there are problems such as a large number of construction personnel, a poor construction environment, and high-frequency vibration of the air hammer during each fastening operation, which makes the labor intensity of the workers high. In addition, due to the uneven level of manual operation, it is easy to cause the overall density and conductivity of the carbon block group after assembly to be poor, which has a great impact on the fastening quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic fastening device and method for assembling carbon blocks, which solves the defects of the original manual fastening method, improves the fastening efficiency, and reduces the labor intensity of workers.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A carbon block assembly automatic fastening device includes a base, a carbon block moving platform, a box, a stand and a box lifting mechanism, wherein the stand is arranged on the base, and the upper end of the stand is provided with a box lifting mechanism, the box is arranged on the stand and is driven to rise and fall by the box lifting mechanism, the box is provided with an air hammer, the carbon block moving platform is slidably connected to the base and is provided under the hammer head of the air hammer, a scale is provided on one side of the stand, and a crook is provided on one side of the box to cooperate with the scale.

[0008] An upper hammer sleeve is provided on the upper side of the box body, and a lower hammer sleeve is provided on the lower side, and shock-absorbing springs are provided in the upper hammer sleeve and the lower hammer sleeve. The upper end and the lower end of the hammer body of the air hammer are respectively against the corresponding shock-absorbing springs, and the lower rod of the air hammer passes through the lower hammer sleeve and is fixedly connected to the hammer head.

[0009] The box lifting mechanism includes a motor and a screw, wherein a motor support is provided at the upper end of the stand, the motor is arranged on the motor support, the screw is driven to rotate by the motor, a shaft sleeve is provided in the middle part of the upper side of the box, and a nut is provided in the shaft sleeve and is sleeved on the screw.

[0010] The stand includes a top plate, a guide column and a guide support seat, wherein the two guide support seats are respectively arranged on both sides of the carbon block moving platform, and the lower ends of the guide support seats are fixedly connected to the base, the lower ends of the two guide columns are respectively inserted into the corresponding guide support seats, and the upper ends are fixedly connected to the corresponding ends of the top plate, and the two ends of the box body are respectively mounted on the guide columns on the corresponding sides.

[0011] A scale mounting block is provided on any guide support seat and the top plate, and both ends of the scale are respectively mounted on the corresponding scale mounting blocks.

[0012] A track seat is provided in the middle of the base, a track is provided on the track seat, and a sliding block is provided at the lower end of the carbon block moving platform to cooperate with the track on the corresponding side.

[0013] The track seat is provided with a hydraulic cylinder, and the carbon block moving platform is driven to move by the hydraulic cylinder.

[0014] A method for fastening carbon blocks according to the automatic fastening device comprises the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Place the cathode carbon block on the carbon block moving platform, then place the steel rod into the corresponding slot on the cathode carbon block, and fix the cathode carbon block and the steel rod;

[0016] Step 2: Calculate the required amount of paste and carry out the laying operation;

[0017] Step 3: The box lifting mechanism drives the box to rise to the set height, installs the hammer head to the end of the lower rod of the air hammer, and controls the carbon block moving platform to move to the middle of the base length direction;

[0018] Step 4: The box lifting mechanism drives the box to descend to the set height, so that the hammer head descends to the height required for initial fastening;

[0019] Step 5: The air hammer is started to drive the hammer head to move up and down to impact the steel rod, while controlling the carbon block moving platform to move back and forth;

[0020] Step 6: After each layer is fastened, the box lifting mechanism drives the box to rise, and lifts the hammer head to the designed height of the fastening layer according to the instructions of the crook and the scale, and repeats step 5 until the assembly and fastening operation of a single cathode carbon block is completed.

[0021] The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. The present invention utilizes a box lifting mechanism to drive the box to lift and lower to adjust the height of the air hammer, and then utilizes the reciprocating motion of the hammer head of the air hammer to realize the automatic fastening operation of the carbon blocks. There is no need for workers to hold the air hammer, which not only improves work efficiency but also reduces the labor intensity of workers.

[0023] 2. The present invention utilizes the crook on one side of the box and the scale on one side of the stand to cooperate with the auxiliary operator to accurately control the lifting height of the box, that is, to accurately control the lifting height of the air hammer, thereby realizing the control of the fixing height between the carbon seam layers.

[0024] 3. The present invention utilizes a carbon block moving platform to drive the cathode carbon block to move back and forth during the fastening operation. A single fastening operation can achieve full fastening of the middle seam and half fastening of the side seams.

[0025] 4. The upper and lower ends of the hammer body of the air hammer in the present invention are both against the shock-absorbing spring, which avoids the vibration and noise damage to workers caused by the original air hammer and improves the working environment.

[0026] 5. The present invention improves the consistency and stability of the carbon block fastening quality, that is, improves the carbon block assembly quality, which is beneficial to prolonging the electrolysis life. Compared with the existing technology, the present invention reduces at least 2 to 4 fastening operators, reducing labor costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the invented device.

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Top view of the cathode carbon block in

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the hammer sleeve structure.

[0030] Among them, 1 is the track seat, 2 is the carbon block moving platform, 3 is the cathode carbon block, 301 is the steel rod, 302 is the middle seam, 303 is the side seam, 4 is the guide support seat, 5 is the guide column, 6 is the scale, 7 is the crutch, 8 is the upper hammer sleeve, 9 is the motor support, 10 is the screw, 11 is the shock-absorbing spring, 12 is the box, 13 is the air hammer, 14 is the lower hammer sleeve, 15 is the hammer head, 16 is the stand, and 17 is the base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0032] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the device of the present invention includes a base 17, a carbon block moving platform 2, a box 12, a stand 16 and a box lifting mechanism, wherein the stand 16 is arranged on the base 17, and the upper end of the stand 16 is provided with a box lifting mechanism, the box 12 is arranged on the stand 16 and is driven to rise and fall by the box lifting mechanism, an air hammer 13 is provided on the box 12, the carbon block moving platform 2 is slidably connected to the base 17 and is provided below the hammer head 15 of the air hammer 13, a scale 6 is provided on one side of the stand 16, and a crook 7 is provided on one side of the box 12 to cooperate with the scale 6.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the upper side of the box body 12 is provided with an upper hammer sleeve 8, and the lower side is provided with a lower hammer sleeve 14, and the upper hammer sleeve 8 and the lower hammer sleeve 14 are both provided with a shock-absorbing spring 11. The upper and lower ends of the hammer body of the air hammer 13 are respectively against the corresponding shock-absorbing springs 11 to achieve elastic support. The lower rod of the air hammer 13 passes through the lower hammer sleeve 14 and is fixedly connected to the hammer head 15. The air hammer 13 is a well-known technology in the art. In addition, the upper hammer sleeve 8 and the lower hammer sleeve 14 have the same structure, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, a flange is provided at one end thereof and fixed to the box body 12 via bolts.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the box lifting mechanism includes a motor and a screw 10, wherein the upper end of the stand 16 is provided with a motor support 9, the motor is arranged on the motor support 9, and the screw 10 is driven to rotate by the motor, and a shaft sleeve is provided in the middle part of the upper side of the box 12, and a nut is provided in the shaft sleeve and is sleeved on the screw 10.

[0035] like Figure 1As shown, the stand 16 includes a top plate, a guide column 5 and a guide support seat 4, wherein the two guide support seats 4 are respectively arranged on both sides of the carbon block moving platform 2, and the lower end of the guide support seat 4 is fixedly connected to the base 17, the lower ends of the two guide columns 5 are respectively inserted into the corresponding guide support seats 4, and the upper ends are fixedly connected to the corresponding ends of the top plate, the two ends of the box body 12 are respectively mounted on the guide columns 5 on the corresponding sides, and the box body 12 is guided by the guide columns 5 on both sides to achieve vertical lifting, the motor support 9 is installed on the top plate, and a scale mounting block is provided on any guide support seat 4 and the top plate, and the two ends of the scale 6 are respectively mounted on the corresponding scale mounting blocks.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, a track base 1 is provided in the middle of the base 17, on which a track is provided. Sliders are provided at the lower end of the carbon block moving platform 2 to engage with the tracks on the corresponding sides. Cathode carbon blocks 3 are placed on the carbon block moving platform 2, and baffles are provided on both sides of the upper end of the carbon block moving platform 2 to limit the position of the cathode carbon blocks 3. In this embodiment, a hydraulic cylinder is provided on the track base 1, and the carbon block moving platform 2 is driven and moved by the hydraulic cylinder.

[0037] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, when the present invention is used, the cathode carbon block 3 is placed on the carbon block moving platform 2, and the carbon block moving platform 2 is driven by the hydraulic cylinder provided on the track seat 1 to make a linear reciprocating motion along the length direction of the track seat 1, and the box body 12 is lifted and lowered by the motor and the lead screw 10 in the box body lifting mechanism, and when the box body 12 moves, the crook 7 on one side of the box body 12 also moves with the box body 12, and cooperates with the scale 6 to indicate the rising and falling distance of the box body 12, the upper port of the hammer body of the air hammer 13 is connected to the air source to realize the action, and the air hammer 13 controls the reciprocating movement of the lower rod through the control valve, thereby driving the hammer head 15 to reciprocate, and the control valve is a well-known technology in the field.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, the cathode carbon block 3 to be processed is provided with a plurality of slots, and the steel rod 301 is arranged in the corresponding slots, and the box body 12 is provided with a plurality of air hammers 13, and the hammer head 15 at the lower end of each air hammer 13 is arranged above the corresponding slot for hammering the steel rod 301 in the slot to achieve fastening.

[0040] The fastening method of the present invention is specifically as follows:

[0041] Step 1: Hang the cathode carbon block 3 on the carbon block moving platform 2, then hang the steel rod 301 into the corresponding slot on the cathode carbon block 3, and fix the cathode carbon block 3 and the steel rod 301 with a special positioning fixture; the special positioning fixture is well known in the art;

[0042] Step 2: Calculate the required amount of paste and carry out the spreading operation. At this time, the paste in the charcoal seam is in a loose and naturally accumulated state, and the paste height is the virtual spreading thickness;

[0043] Step 3: The box lifting mechanism drives the box 12 to rise to the set height, installs the hammer head 15 (center hammer or side hammer) to the lower rod end of the air hammer 13, and the equipment system controls the carbon block moving platform 2 to move to the middle of the length direction of the base 17;

[0044] Step 4: The box lifting mechanism drives the box 12 to descend to a set height, so that the hammer head 15 descends to the height required for initial fastening;

[0045] Step 5: Open the control valve, the air hammer 13 starts to drive the hammer head 15 to do up and down reciprocating motion to impact the steel rod 301 to achieve fastening. The paste is solid due to the instantaneous short impact. At the same time, the equipment system controls the carbon block moving platform 2 to reciprocate along the track direction. Figure 2 As shown, a single fastening operation can achieve full fastening of the center seam 302 and half fastening of the side seams 303 (in this embodiment, after the cathode carbon block 3 and the steel rod 301 are assembled and positioned, two center seams 302 and eight side seams 303 are formed);

[0046] Step 6: After each layer is fastened, the box lifting mechanism drives the box 12 to rise, and according to the instructions of the crook 7 and the scale 6, the operator controls the hammer head 15 to be lifted to the designed height of the next fastening layer, thereby realizing the fastening height control between layers, and repeats step 5 until the assembly and fastening operation of a single cathode carbon block 3 is completed, and then the positioning fixture is removed, and the fastened cathode carbon block 3 is hoisted to the finished product area for stacking.

[0047] In this embodiment, the box body 12 adopts a high-strength, lightweight hollow design, and the upper hammer sleeve 8 and the lower hammer sleeve 14 are steel structures, shaped like Figure 3 As shown, the track design length is at least twice the length of the cathode carbon block 3.

Claims

1. An automatic fastening device for carbon block assembly, characterized by: The invention comprises a base (17), a carbon block moving platform (2), a box (12), a stand (16) and a box lifting mechanism, wherein the stand (16) is arranged on the base (17), and the upper end of the stand (16) is provided with a box lifting mechanism, the box (12) is arranged on the stand (16) and is driven to move up and down by the box lifting mechanism, an air hammer (13) is provided on the box (12), the carbon block moving platform (2) is slidably connected to the base (17) and is arranged below the hammer head (15) of the air hammer (13), a scale (6) is provided on one side of the stand (16), and a crook (7) is provided on one side of the box (12) to cooperate with the scale (6); An upper hammer sleeve (8) is provided on the upper side of the box body (12), and a lower hammer sleeve (14) is provided on the lower side, and shock-absorbing springs (11) are provided in both the upper hammer sleeve (8) and the lower hammer sleeve (14), and the upper and lower ends of the hammer body of the air hammer (13) are respectively against the corresponding shock-absorbing springs (11), and the lower rod of the air hammer (13) passes through the lower hammer sleeve (14) and is fixedly connected to the hammer head (15); The box lifting mechanism includes a motor and a screw (10), wherein the upper end of the stand (16) is provided with a motor support (9), the motor is arranged on the motor support (9), the screw (10) is driven to rotate by the motor, and a shaft sleeve is provided in the middle of the upper side of the box (12), and a nut is provided in the shaft sleeve and is sleeved on the screw (10); The stand (16) includes a top plate, a guide column (5) and a guide support seat (4), wherein the two guide support seats (4) are respectively arranged on both sides of the carbon block moving platform (2), and the lower ends of the guide support seats (4) are fixedly connected to the base (17), the lower ends of the two guide columns (5) are respectively inserted into the corresponding guide support seats (4), and the upper ends are fixedly connected to the corresponding ends of the top plate, and the two ends of the box body (12) are respectively mounted on the guide columns (5) on the corresponding sides.

2. The automatic carbon block assembly and fastening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A scale mounting block is provided on any guide support seat (4) and the top plate, and both ends of the scale (6) are respectively mounted on the corresponding scale mounting blocks.

3. The automatic carbon block assembly and fastening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A track seat (1) is provided in the middle of the base (17), a track is provided on the track seat (1), and a slider is provided at the lower end of the carbon block moving platform (2) to cooperate with the track on the corresponding side.

4. The automatic carbon block assembly and fastening device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The track seat (1) is provided with a hydraulic cylinder, and the carbon block moving platform (2) is driven to move by the hydraulic cylinder.

5. A method for fastening carbon blocks according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Place the cathode carbon block (3) on the carbon block moving platform (2), then place the steel rod (301) into the corresponding slot on the cathode carbon block (3), and fix the cathode carbon block (3) and the steel rod (301); Step 2: Calculate the required amount of paste and carry out the laying operation; Step 3: The box lifting mechanism drives the box (12) to rise to the set height, installs the hammer head (15) to the lower rod end of the air hammer (13), and controls the carbon block moving platform (2) to move to the middle of the base (17) in the length direction; Step 4: The box lifting mechanism drives the box (12) to descend to a set height, so that the hammer head (15) descends to the height required for initial fastening; Step 5: The air hammer (13) starts to drive the hammer head (15) to do up and down reciprocating motion to impact the steel rod (301), while controlling the carbon block moving platform (2) to reciprocate back and forth; Step 6: After each layer is fastened, the box lifting mechanism drives the box (12) to rise, and according to the instructions of the crook (7) and the scale (6), the hammer head (15) is lifted to the designed height of the next fastening layer, and step 5 is repeated until the assembly and fastening operation of a single cathode carbon block (3) is completed.

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