A high-speed rail bridge phased energy dissipation method adaptive to seismic input direction

Abstract

The application discloses a high-speed railway bridge phased energy dissipation and shock absorption method which is adaptive to seismic input direction, energy dissipation units are arranged around isolation bearings between a bridge and piers, four energy dissipation plates are used as energy dissipation main bodies, horizontal constraint components are arranged between adjacent energy dissipation plates, bases are arranged at corner parts of lower bearing plates of the isolation bearings respectively, a center hole and a circle of limiting holes around the center hole are arranged on the bases, lower ends of the horizontal constraint components are inserted and installed through the center holes, upper ends of the energy dissipation plates and the horizontal constraint components are respectively detachably installed with upper bearing plates of the isolation bearings. When small earthquakes act, deformation energy dissipation of the isolation bearings is mainly realized, and meanwhile, the energy dissipation units adapt to deformation of the isolation bearings through the horizontal constraint components; when large earthquakes act, the lower ends of the horizontal constraint components are ejected from the center holes of the bases and then slide into one of the limiting holes of the circle of limiting holes on the bases; after the horizontal constraint components are limited, the energy dissipation plates start to deform and dissipate energy under subsequent seismic action.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bridge vibration reduction, specifically a staged energy dissipation and vibration reduction method for high-speed railway bridges that can adapt to the direction of seismic input. Background Technology

[0002] High-speed railway bridges play a crucial role in the entire high-speed railway system, therefore preventing damage to high-speed railway bridges is of great significance.

[0003] In historical earthquakes, the damage to high-speed railway bridges has primarily been concentrated in bearing failure and beam collapse. Bearings play a crucial role in bridge construction, transmitting vertical loads, dissipating seismic energy, and mitigating seismic forces. However, most existing bearings suffer from the following shortcomings:

[0004] 1. During minor earthquakes, energy is dissipated through deformation, which cannot meet the requirement of phased energy dissipation. The resulting deformation has an adverse effect on energy dissipation during major earthquakes.

[0005] 2. It restricts the free displacement of the supports before energy dissipation, and the supports and the bridge will generate additional internal forces, which reduces the bridge's seismic resistance to a certain extent.

[0006] 3. It cannot prevent beams from falling and causing damage.

[0007] 4. Damaged parts are difficult to replace after a major earthquake. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a staged energy dissipation and vibration reduction method for high-speed railway bridges that can overcome the above-mentioned defects and is adaptive to the direction of seismic input.

[0009] This invention provides a staged energy dissipation and vibration reduction method for high-speed railway bridges that can adapt to the direction of seismic input. Energy dissipation units are installed around the seismic isolation bearings between the bridge and piers. Each energy dissipation unit consists of four energy dissipation plates as the main energy dissipation components. Horizontal constraint components are installed between adjacent energy dissipation plates. Bases are installed at the corners of the lower support plates of the seismic isolation bearings. Each base has a central hole and a ring of limiting holes around the central hole. The lower end of the horizontal constraint component is inserted through the central hole. The upper ends of the energy dissipation plates and the horizontal constraint components are detachably installed to the upper support plates of the seismic isolation bearings. During minor earthquakes, energy is mainly dissipated through the deformation of the seismic isolation bearings. Simultaneously, the energy dissipation units can adapt to the deformation of the seismic isolation bearings through the horizontal constraint components. During major earthquakes, the lower end of the horizontal constraint component pops out of the central hole of the base and slides down to one of the limiting holes in the ring of limiting holes on the base. After the horizontal constraint component is limited, under subsequent earthquakes, the energy dissipation plates begin to deform and dissipate a large amount of energy.

[0010] In one embodiment of the above method, the horizontal constraint component includes a hollow cylinder and a round rod fitted in its central hole. The round rod can slide up and down relative to the hollow cylinder. The outer wall of the hollow cylinder is provided with two sets of clamping plates, and the included angle between the two sets of clamping plates is 90°.

[0011] In one embodiment of the above method, the top section of the central hole of the hollow cylinder is a threaded hole with a diameter smaller than that of the cylindrical rod, used for installing connecting bolts between the hollow cylinder and the upper support plate.

[0012] In one embodiment of the above method, a small-diameter connector is provided at the lower end of the round rod.

[0013] In one embodiment of the above method, the base includes a rectangular plate and a circular plate. The top surface of the rectangular plate is provided with a circular groove, the bottom surface of the groove is provided with the central hole, and the limiting hole is provided between the central hole and the side wall of the groove. The circular plate is embedded in the central hole.

[0014] In one embodiment of the above method, the top surface of the circular plate extends out of the central hole on the rectangular plate, and the small-diameter connector of the circular rod is inserted into the central mounting hole of the circular plate.

[0015] In one embodiment of the above method, the energy-consuming plate is a T-shaped plate, the web of which is fixed by the clamping plate and fasteners, and the horizontal wing plate is fixed to the upper support plate by fasteners.

[0016] In one embodiment of the above method, a vertical limiting component is provided between the seismic isolation bearing and the energy dissipation plate. The vertical limiting component includes a U-shaped block and an inverted U-shaped block that are interlocked with each other. The lower end of the inverted U-shaped block is fixed to the lower support plate, and the upper end of the U-shaped block is fixed to the upper support plate.

[0017] This invention incorporates damping units around a traditional seismic isolation bearing. Under normal operating conditions and minor earthquakes, the bearing provides both vertical support and horizontal energy dissipation. Simultaneously, the energy dissipation units adapt to the deformation of the bearing via horizontal restraint components, preventing internal force interactions between the bearing and the bridge and ensuring the bridge's seismic resistance. Under a major earthquake, once the vertical displacement of the horizontal restraint components exceeds its limit, it ejects from the central hole of the base. After ejection, it slides down into one of the limiting holes on the upper ring of the base for positioning, preventing beam collapse and achieving self-adaptation to the direction of seismic energy input, thus improving the bridge's seismic resistance. After the horizontal restraint components are positioned, the energy dissipation plate, acting as the main energy dissipation component, begins to deform and dissipate seismic energy until the earthquake ends, achieving phased energy dissipation. Furthermore, the energy dissipation plate provides a certain lateral stiffness to the horizontal restraint components, preventing lateral damage to the hollow cylinder during an earthquake. Since the horizontal limiting component and the upper and lower support plates are detachable, and the energy dissipation plate is detachable from the horizontal restraint component and the upper support plate, the replacement operation is simple after the earthquake. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure after removing the upper support plate.

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the mid-level constraint component.

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram of the central base. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The staged energy dissipation and vibration reduction method for high-speed railway bridges that can adapt to the direction of seismic input disclosed in this embodiment adopts, as follows: Figures 1 to 4 The structure shown is a vibration damping and energy dissipation device.

[0023] This device includes a traditional structural seismic isolation bearing 1 and its two ends upper bearing plate 2 and lower bearing plate 3, as well as an innovative energy dissipation unit set around the seismic isolation bearing. The energy dissipation unit includes a base, a horizontal constraint component, and an energy dissipation plate.

[0024] The base includes a rectangular plate 4 and a circular plate 5. The top surface of the rectangular plate 4 is provided with a circular groove, and the bottom surface of the groove is provided with a central circular hole 41. A ring of small circular holes 42 is provided between the central circular hole and the side wall of the groove. The circular plate 42 is embedded in the central circular hole 41. The thickness of the circular plate 42 is greater than the depth of the central circular hole, that is, the top surface of the circular plate 5 extends out of the central circular hole.

[0025] When installing the four sets of bases, the rectangular plate 4 of each base is fixed to the four corners of the lower support plate 3 by bolts.

[0026] The horizontal constraint assembly includes a hollow cylinder 6 and a round rod 7 fitted in its central hole. The round rod 7 can slide up and down relative to the hollow cylinder 6. The outer wall of the hollow cylinder is provided with two sets of vertical clamping plates 8, and the included angle between the two sets of clamping plates is 90°.

[0027] The top section of the central hole of the hollow cylinder 6 is a threaded hole with a diameter smaller than that of the cylindrical rod, used for the connecting bolts installed between the hollow cylinder and the upper support plate 2.

[0028] A small-diameter plug 71 is provided at the lower end of the round rod 7.

[0029] When installing the four sets of horizontal constraint components, the small-diameter plug 71 of each round rod 7 is inserted into the center hole of each round plate 5, and the upper end of the central cylinder is connected to the upper support plate by bolts.

[0030] The energy-consuming plate 9 is a T-shaped plate. The four energy-consuming plates are clamped on both sides of the web height direction by the clamping plates 8 of the horizontal constraint assembly, and then locked and fixed by bolts and nuts. The horizontal wing plate is locked and fixed to the upper support plate 2 by bolts and nuts.

[0031] Vertical limiting components are symmetrically arranged around the upper support plate 2 and the lower support plate 3, corresponding to the shock-absorbing support 1.

[0032] The vertical limiting component includes a U-shaped block 10 and an inverted U-shaped block 11 that are interlocked with each other. The lower end of the inverted U-shaped block 11 is welded and fixed to the lower support plate 3, and the upper end of the U-shaped block is welded and fixed to the upper support plate.

[0033] The assembled vibration damping and energy dissipation devices are transported to the construction site. One vibration damping and energy dissipation device is installed at the top of each pier. Finally, the bridge is installed on the top surface of all the vibration damping and energy dissipation devices. During the prefabrication of the piers, threaded pipes are pre-embedded according to the positions of the pre-reserved bolt mounting holes on the rectangular plate of the base. When the vibration damping and energy dissipation devices are installed, the rectangular plate is fixed to the pier by bolts.

[0034] All bolts in this embodiment are high-strength bolts.

[0035] The working principle of this invention is as follows:

[0036] Since the circular rod 7 of the horizontal constraint component can slide up and down relative to the hollow cylinder 6, under normal conditions and during minor earthquakes, the vibration isolation bearing 4 provides support and dissipates energy, and the horizontal constraint component adapts to the deformation of the vibration isolation bearing.

[0037] Under strong earthquake conditions, the vertical displacement of the circular rod exceeds its limit, causing its lower end to eject from the central hole of the circular base plate. Before the rod's displacement exceeds the limit, the vertical limiting component ensures the normal operation of the energy dissipation unit. After the lower end of the rod ejects, two scenarios may occur: one is that it slides directly into a circular hole outside the circular plate, quickly achieving positioning and preventing beam collapse; the other is that it slides into an annular groove on the outer periphery of the circular plate, and under the continued action of the earthquake, moves to a circular hole for positioning, again preventing beam collapse. After the horizontal restraint component is positioned, the energy dissipation plate, as the main energy dissipation component, begins to deform and dissipate seismic energy until the earthquake ends. In short, because there is a ring of circular holes around the installation position of the horizontal restraint component on the base, the lower end of the rod will always slide into a circular hole for positioning after ejection, and then dissipate a large amount of energy through the energy dissipation plate, thus adapting to the input direction of seismic energy.

[0038] The energy-dissipating panel uses a T-shaped plate, which has a large energy dissipation capacity. In addition, the T-shaped plate of the energy-dissipating panel can also provide a certain lateral stiffness for the hollow cylinder of the horizontal restraint component, preventing the hollow cylinder from being damaged laterally during an earthquake.

[0039] After the earthquake, if the horizontal limiting components and energy dissipation plates need to be replaced, the operation is simple. To replace the horizontal limiting components, simply install or remove the connecting bolts between the hollow cylinder and the upper support plate. To replace the energy dissipation plates, simply install or remove the connecting bolts between the horizontal flanges and the upper support plate, and install or remove the connecting bolts between the clamps of the horizontal restraint components on the web.

Claims

1. A staged energy dissipation and vibration reduction method for high-speed railway bridges that can adapt to the direction of seismic input, characterized in that: This method uses a traditional seismic isolation bearing between the bridge and the pier, and energy dissipation units set around it. The energy dissipation unit uses four energy dissipation plates as the main body of energy dissipation. Horizontal restraint components are set between adjacent energy dissipation plates. Bases are set at the corners of the lower support plate of the seismic isolation bearing. The bases are provided with a central hole and a ring of limiting holes around the central hole. The lower end of the horizontal restraint component is installed by inserting it through the central hole. The upper ends of the energy dissipation plate and the horizontal restraint component are detachably installed to the upper support plate of the seismic isolation bearing. During minor earthquakes, energy is mainly dissipated through the deformation of the seismic isolation bearings. At the same time, the energy dissipation unit can adapt to the deformation of the seismic isolation bearings through the horizontal restraint components. During major earthquakes, the lower end of the horizontal restraint components will pop out from the central hole of the base and slide into one of the limiting holes in the ring of limiting holes on the base. After the horizontal constraint component is positioned, the energy dissipation panel begins to deform and dissipate energy under subsequent seismic action. The horizontal constraint assembly includes a hollow cylinder and a round rod fitted in its central hole. The round rod can slide up and down relative to the hollow cylinder. The outer wall of the hollow cylinder is provided with two sets of clamping plates, and the included angle between the two sets of clamping plates is 90°. The top section of the central hole of the hollow cylinder is a threaded hole with a diameter smaller than that of the round rod, which is used to install the connecting bolt between the hollow cylinder and the upper support plate. The lower end of the round rod is provided with a small-diameter plug connector. The base includes a rectangular plate and a circular plate. The top surface of the rectangular plate is provided with a circular groove, the bottom surface of the groove is provided with a central hole, and a limiting hole is provided between the central hole and the side wall of the groove. The circular plate is embedded in the central hole. The top surface of the circular plate extends out of the central hole on the rectangular plate, and the small-diameter connector of the round rod is inserted into the central mounting hole of the circular plate.

2. The staged energy dissipation and vibration reduction method for high-speed railway bridges with adaptive seismic input direction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The energy-consuming plate is a T-shaped plate, with its web plate fixed by the clamping plate and fasteners, and its horizontal wing plate fixed to the upper support plate by fasteners.

3. The staged energy dissipation and vibration reduction method for high-speed railway bridges with adaptive seismic input direction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A vertical limiting component is provided between the vibration damping and isolation bearing and the energy dissipation plate. The vertical limiting component includes a U-shaped block and an inverted U-shaped block that are interlocked with each other. The lower end of the inverted U-shaped block is fixed to the lower bearing plate, and the upper end of the U-shaped block is fixed to the upper bearing plate.

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