A detachable coring device and method for ground investigation

Abstract

This invention relates to a detachable core drilling device and method for foundation exploration. The device includes a bearing rod, a power assembly, and a first limiting assembly. The bearing rod has a static pressure receiving part, and the first limiting assembly has a static pressure applying part. The first limiting assembly is combined with the bearing rod in such a way that the static pressure applying part and the static pressure receiving part are axially fixed relative to each other. The power assembly is located on the same surface as the first limiting assembly. When the power assembly converts high-pressure air into mechanical energy that can propel the first limiting assembly to move undisturbed in the normal direction of the formation, an axial static pressure is generated between the static pressure applying part and the static pressure receiving part. Under the action of the static pressure, the bearing rod is pressed down or lifted up into the formation. The first limiting assembly includes a bearing layer and a surface layer. The bearing layer is disposed between two surface layers. The bearing layer includes several support segments forming a nested hexagonal structure. This invention uses air as an energy source, making it lightweight and environmentally friendly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of foundation exploration technology, and in particular to a detachable drilling core sampling device and method for foundation exploration. Background Technology

[0002] Before construction, a foundation investigation is required. This investigation involves assessing the stability of the site and foundation, the geological structure, the engineering characteristics of the bearing strata and underlying layers, soil stress, groundwater conditions, and adverse geological processes. Geological exploration requires drilling rigs to extract soil characteristics and core samples, necessitating the use of core drilling equipment. Current core drilling equipment typically employs rotary drilling rigs for impact drilling.

[0003] For example, patent publication number 107448196A discloses a "minimally invasive" geological exploration method, with the following steps: Step 1, activate the impact mode of the impact rotary drilling rig. The impact rotary drilling rig generates an impact effect, and during the impact process, the impact rotary drilling rig transmits the impact energy sequentially through the drill rod and drill bit to the drill bit, causing the drill bit to move downwards and impact the overburden layer; Step 2, determine the soil and rock strata conditions reached by the drill bit. When the drill bit has completely penetrated the overburden layer and contacted the bedrock layer, activate the impact + rotation mode of the impact rotary drilling rig. The impact rotary drilling rig transmits the impact energy sequentially through the drill rod and drill bit to the drill bit, causing the drill bit to move downwards and impact the bedrock layer. During the downward movement of the drill bit to impact the bedrock layer, the impact rotary drilling rig also drives the drill bit to rotate. However, using a traditional rotary motor for drilling and coring is highly disruptive, easily causing the drill bit to shake and creating significant disturbance to the strata, making the extracted core easily fractured and resulting in a low extraction success rate. Furthermore, some buildings are located in residential areas, and using rotary impact drills for drilling is quite noisy. In addition, due to the disturbance to the strata, the holes drilled are often too large, requiring backfilling with soil or injection of reinforcing matrix to make the hole diameter appropriate.

[0004] Furthermore, most current drilling and coring equipment relies on hydraulic cylinders as the power source for its drive system. Hydraulic cylinders are prone to oil leakage and consume a significant amount of hydraulic oil during operation, resulting in cost losses. Moreover, hydraulic cylinders and similar equipment are quite heavy, making them difficult for workers to move and causing operational challenges.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide a drilling and coring device that does not rely on current oil as a power source, causes minimal disturbance to the formation, produces appropriately sized holes, and is lightweight is a technical problem that has not yet been solved.

[0006] Furthermore, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding among those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the applicant studied a large number of documents and patents when making this invention, but due to space limitations, not all details and contents were listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not possess the features of these prior art. On the contrary, the present invention already possesses all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Existing core drilling equipment for foundation exploration causes significant disturbance to the strata during the core sampling process, resulting in poor core quality and a tendency for the obtained core to fracture. Lightweight core drilling equipment applies less force to the ground, and the drill rod diameter is also small, resulting in shallow drilling depths and an inability to obtain qualified core samples. In steep terrain, existing core drilling equipment requires overhead cranes and electric winches, making equipment transportation inconvenient. For softer terrain, such as sedimentation basins or other negative terrain, core drilling equipment cannot perform automated drilling with minimal disturbance without human control, failing to meet the needs of practical foundation exploration.

[0008] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a detachable drilling and coring device for foundation exploration. The device includes at least a bearing rod, at least two power components, and a first limiting component. The bearing rod is provided with at least one static pressure receiving part, and the first limiting component is provided with a static pressure applying part. The first limiting component is combined with the bearing rod in such a way that the static pressure applying part and the static pressure receiving part are axially fixed relative to each other. The power components are arranged on the same surface of the first limiting component in the same direction. When the power components convert high-pressure air into mechanical energy that can propel the first limiting component to move in the normal direction of the formation without disturbance, an axial static pressure is generated between the static pressure applying part and the static pressure receiving part, and the bearing rod is pressed down or lifted up towards the formation under the action of the static pressure. The first limiting component includes at least a pressure-bearing layer and a surface layer; the pressure-bearing layer is disposed between the two surface layers; the pressure-bearing layer includes several support segments, which are spliced ​​together in a rhomboid structure as a unit to form several nested hexagonal structures; the connecting ends of the support segments are connected by connection points.

[0009] This invention uses a power assembly to provide driving force for static pressure, so that the bearing rod can be statically pressed under sufficient driving force provided by the power assembly, and can quickly drill and cor out the borehole with minimal disturbance to the formation.

[0010] Compared to existing technologies that use hydraulic cylinders as a power source, this invention uses an air resistance component that eliminates the need for workers to prepare and carry related energy materials for drilling and coring, reducing the amount of energy workers need to carry. It achieves static pressure propulsion without reducing the effectiveness of drilling and coring, and also reduces the vibration of the pressure rod and disturbance to the formation.

[0011] Preferably, the static pressure applying part is a channel including a snap-fit ​​component, and the static pressure receiving part is a limiting structure limited by the snap-fit ​​component. The limiting structure includes any geometric structure protruding from and / or recessing the surface of the bearing rod. This arrangement ensures that the first limiting component is relatively secured to the bearing rod, allowing the first limiting component to apply static thrust to the bearing rod through the static pressure applying part. The direction of the static thrust remains stable, preventing vibration of the bearing rod and facilitating drilling downwards with minimal disturbance.

[0012] Preferably, the device further includes a second limiting component and at least two adjusting components. The adjusting components are arranged at the edge of the second limiting component in an adjustable manner to support the second limiting component. The second limiting component has a limiting channel that allows the pressure rod to pass through in a vertical state. During the process of the pressure rod being pressed down or lifted based on static pressure along the formation normal direction, the limiting channel maintains the pressure rod's undisturbed lifting or pressing action by preventing radial displacement. This configuration, by adjusting the length of each adjusting component, ensures that the surface of the second limiting component is relatively horizontal with respect to the formation. Even on uneven ground, the surface of the second limiting component remains horizontal, thereby restricting the vertical movement of the pressure rod and preventing deviation in the pushing direction of the pressure rod.

[0013] Preferably, the power assembly is arranged between the first limiting assembly and the second limiting assembly in a distribution pattern centered on the pressure-bearing rod. During the mechanical movement of the first limiting assembly and the pressure-bearing rod by the power assembly, the second limiting assembly maintains a stable horizontal state while bearing the force of the power assembly. This arrangement allows the second limiting assembly to bear the pressure of the power assembly, providing a support point for the power assembly and facilitating the power assembly to push the first limiting assembly.

[0014] Preferably, the horizontal plane where the first limiting component is located is parallel to the horizontal plane where the second limiting component is located, and the axis of the static pressure applying part is approximately coaxial with the axis of the limiting channel to avoid the bearing rod deviating from the drilling direction in the formation normal direction. The bearing rod is a straight rod that passes through both the first and second limiting components. Therefore, the approximate setting of their axes is beneficial to constrain the vertical movement of the bearing rod to be stable and without deviation. If the distance between their axes is large and the axis positions constrained for the bearing rod are not the same, the bearing rod will deviate and generate an inclination angle during the lifting or pressing process. Based on the principle of angle diffusion, a small angle deviation will cause the drill bit at the end of the bearing rod to have a large deviation direction. Moreover, when the bearing rod deviates from the vertical direction, the static thrust applied by the first limiting component to the bearing rod will generate a larger component force, which reduces the vertical static thrust applied by the first limiting component to the bearing structure of the bearing rod, thereby reducing the speed of the drill bit pressing down or lifting.

[0015] Preferably, the length of the adjusting component is adjusted such that the plane containing the second limiting component is the tangential plane of the drilling point, so that the limiting channel can restrict the bearing rod to move along the normal direction of the formation. This configuration is beneficial for limiting the drilling of the bearing rod in the vertical direction, in which the drill bit at the end of the bearing rod has a smaller drilling surface, which is beneficial for geological coring of 15-20m in steep mountains and geological disaster areas, and has strong adaptability to different terrains.

[0016] Preferably, the second limiting component is a plate structure, and the adjusting component is a retractable hollow tube supporting the plate structure. When the adjusting component cannot be fixed to the formation, the plate surface of the second limiting component generates normal pressure by placing a counterweight. This normal pressure, combined with the force applied to the second limiting component by the power component, forms a balanced force to maintain the surface of the second limiting component on a horizontal plane. By setting a counterweight, when encountering hard rock and significant resistance during geological core sampling, the power component needs to apply greater thrust, thus increasing the pressure on the second limiting component. The counterweight helps the second limiting component achieve force balance without deformation, and it also helps the second limiting component support the power component, enabling the power component to push the first limiting component and the bearing rod downwards with greater static thrust.

[0017] The present invention also provides a detachable core drilling method for foundation exploration, the method comprising at least: providing at least one static pressure receiving part on the bearing rod, providing a static pressure applying part on the first limiting component, combining the first limiting component with the bearing rod in such a way that the static pressure applying part and the static pressure receiving part are axially fixed relative to each other; arranging the power component on the same surface of the first limiting component in the same direction, wherein when the power component converts high-pressure air into mechanical energy capable of propelling the first limiting component to move in the normal direction of the formation without disturbance, an axial static pressure is generated between the static pressure applying part and the static pressure receiving part, causing the bearing rod to be pressed down or lifted up towards the formation under the action of the static pressure.

[0018] Preferably, the method further includes: setting the length-adjustable adjustment component at the edge of the second limiting component to support the second limiting component, wherein the second limiting component is provided with a limiting channel that allows the bearing rod to pass through in a vertical state, and during the process of the bearing rod being pressed down or lifted based on static pressure along the formation normal direction, the limiting channel is set in a manner that limits the bearing rod from radial displacement, thereby maintaining the undisturbed lifting or pressing action of the bearing rod.

[0019] Preferably, the power assembly is arranged between the first limiting assembly and the second limiting assembly in a distribution manner centered on the pressure rod. During the process of the power assembly driving the first limiting assembly and the pressure rod to move mechanically, the second limiting assembly maintains a stable horizontal state under the force of the power assembly.

[0020] The detachable core drilling method for foundation exploration of this invention employs a power assembly to apply static thrust to the bearing rod. The advantage of static thrust is its stable direction and lack of disturbance to the bearing rod. This minimizes disturbance to the formation during the downward or upward movement of the drill bit driven by the bearing rod, while also preventing significant vibration of the bearing rod and drill bit themselves. This prevents the core sample inside the drill bit from being shattered. Therefore, when drilling cores, the undisturbed core samples are of standard quality, avoiding tilted or non-standard core extraction. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a simplified schematic diagram of the modular connection relationship of a detachable drilling and coring device in the coring state according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a simplified schematic diagram of the modular connection relationship of a detachable drilling and coring device in the drilling state according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the detachable core drilling device provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bearing rod provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a perspective structural diagram of the first limiting component provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a perspective structural diagram of the second limiting component provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a side cross-sectional view of the second limiting component provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure-bearing structure of the second limiting component provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the pressure-bearing area of ​​the second limiting component provided by the present invention.

[0030] List of reference numerals

[0031] 1: Pressure-bearing rod; 2: Second limiting component; 3: Power component; 5: First limiting component; 6: Formation; 7: Control component; 8: Pressure-bearing air pipe; 9: Air compressor; 11: First connecting end; 12: Second connecting end; 13: Static pressure bearing part; 21: Limiting channel; 22: First bearing position; 23: Standing position; 24: Second bearing position; 25: Adjustment component; 26: Support section; 27: Fixed anchor; 28: Connection point; 29: Pressure-bearing area; 261: Surface layer; 262: Pressure-bearing layer; 51: Static pressure applying part. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The following is a detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] The existing detachable core drilling devices have the following drawbacks:

[0034] First, the drilling rig itself disturbs the formation during the process of being pushed, making it unsuitable for drilling in easily disturbed formations.

[0035] Secondly, drilling rigs use hydraulic oil or gasoline as power sources. When transporting equipment, workers need to prepare a lot of hydraulic oil or gasoline. These energy sources have high density and large mass, which brings a large transportation burden. Especially for steep terrain, the transportation of heavy energy increases the difficulty of material preparation and transportation.

[0036] Third, the limited number of points in the vertical movement direction of the drilling rig makes it easy for the drill rod to deviate when it encounters greater resistance during the upward or downward drilling process. This can result in the core samples being extracted being irregular due to the tilted drilling direction, or even causing the core samples to break.

[0037] Fourth, during the drilling process, the drill rod of the current drilling rig needs to be manually detected and controlled to prevent it from deviating from its direction. Existing technology cannot achieve automatic drilling without human monitoring and control.

[0038] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a detachable drilling core sampling device and method for foundation exploration.

[0039] The present invention has made improvements in the following aspects, so that the drilling and coring device has the advantages of being lightweight, automatically drilling and coring, and causing almost no disturbance to the formation.

[0040] First, the present invention improves the structure of the pressure-bearing rod by cooperating the static pressure receiving part and the static pressure applying part so that the pressure-bearing rod is subjected to vertical static pressure in a undisturbed manner when pressed down or lifted.

[0041] Secondly, by setting up a power assembly, the power source is set to high-pressure air, so that the power source does not need to be transported or carried, and can be used at any time at the survey site, reducing the transportation burden of the power source.

[0042] Third, the pressure rod is limited to move vertically by the first limiting component and the second limiting component, so that the pressure rod can obtain high-quality cores or boreholes in the vertical direction without manual operation and control of the drilling direction.

[0043] Fourth, since the bearing rod is a drill rod that is pushed down and pulled up without any disturbance and has no rotational movement, the drilling surface of the formation is small, which helps to ensure the stability of the drilling of the bearing rod.

[0044] The detachable core sampling device for foundation exploration of the present invention, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the device includes at least a pressure-bearing rod 1, at least two power components 3, and a first limiting component 5. The pressure-bearing rod 1 is provided with at least one static pressure receiving part 13. The first limiting component 5 is provided with a static pressure applying part 51. The first limiting component 5 is combined with the pressure-bearing rod 1 in such a way that the static pressure applying part 51 and the static pressure receiving part 13 are axially fixed relative to each other.

[0045] like Figure 4As shown, the static pressure bearing portion 13 is located at a position away from the end of the pressure-bearing rod. There may be more than one static pressure bearing portion 13; two or more may be provided. Two or more static pressure bearing portions 13 are spaced apart from each other. The spacing is less than the stroke of the power assembly in one push. Preferably, the static pressure bearing portion 13 is a structure protruding from the surface of the pressure-bearing rod. For example, the static pressure bearing portion 13 may be a circular annular structure, an elliptical annular structure, a geometric annular structure, an arc-shaped segment structure, and / or a point structure protruding from the surface of the pressure-bearing rod.

[0046] Alternatively, the static pressure bearing portion 13 may be a structure recessed into the surface of the bearing rod. For example, the static pressure bearing portion 13 may be a circular annular groove, an elliptical annular groove, a geometric annular groove, an arc-shaped segment groove, and / or several point-shaped grooves recessed into the surface of the bearing rod.

[0047] At least one static pressure applying part 51 is provided in the center of the first limiting component 5. The static pressure applying part 51 includes at least a hole penetrating the first limiting component 5, and a force-applying structure is provided on the hole to lock the static pressure receiving part 13. When the static pressure receiving part 13 of the bearing rod moves into the static pressure applying part 51 in the first limiting component 5, the force-applying structure is adapted to and locked with the static pressure applying part 51, so that the bearing rod and the first limiting component cannot move relative to each other in at least one axial direction, and the static pressure applying part 51 applies force to the static pressure receiving part 13 based on the received static thrust, so that the bearing rod is passively pressed down or lifted up. For example, when the static pressure bearing portion 13 of the bearing rod includes several strip structures protruding from the surface of the bearing rod and arranged radially around the bearing rod, if the static pressure applying portion 51 is positioned above the static pressure bearing portion 13 and secured by the strip structures in a vertically downward direction, then the static pressure applying portion 51 can move downward to apply a vertically downward static thrust to the static pressure bearing portion 13. If the static pressure applying portion 51 is positioned below the static pressure bearing portion 13 and secured by the strip structures in a vertically upward direction, then the static pressure applying portion 51 can move upward to apply a vertically upward static thrust to the static pressure bearing portion 13.

[0048] Preferably, the force-applying structure is fitted and secured to the static pressure applying part 51, so that the pressure-bearing rod and the first limiting assembly cannot move relative to each other in either direction of the axis. That is, the static pressure applying part 51 will apply a static thrust to the static pressure receiving part 13 if it moves vertically upward or vertically downward.

[0049] Preferably, the groove-shaped static pressure receiving part 13 can also be fixed inside the static pressure applying part 51 by setting a pad fork.

[0050] Preferably, the static pressure applying part 51 is a channel including a snap-fit ​​component, and the static pressure receiving part 13 is a limiting structure limited by the snap-fit ​​component. The limiting structure includes any geometric structure protruding and / or recessed on the surface of the pressure-bearing rod 1.

[0051] Preferably, the static pressure receiving part 13 can also be formed by a combination of several graphic structures or grooves protruding from the surface. The structure of the static pressure receiving part 13 is adapted to the structure of the static pressure applying part 51. When the static pressure receiving part 13 of the pressure-bearing rod is clamped by the static pressure applying part 51, the first limiting component 5 can push the pressure-bearing rod 1 to move in the vertical direction.

[0052] Preferably, the power component 3 is arranged on the same surface of the first limiting component 5 in the same direction. When the power component 3 converts high-pressure air into mechanical energy that can push the first limiting component 5 to move in the normal direction of the formation in a non-disturbed manner, an axial static pressure is generated between the static pressure applying part 51 and the static pressure receiving part 13, and the pressure-bearing rod 1 is pressed down or lifted towards the formation under the action of the static pressure.

[0053] The power component 3 is preferably a pneumatic cylinder. The pneumatic cylinder uses high-pressure air as a power source and can work by connecting to at least one air compressor 9 to obtain high-pressure air. Compared with the case where the hydraulic oil of a hydraulic cylinder is used as a power source, air is a resource widely present in the natural environment and can be easily obtained even in plateau areas with thin air. Therefore, there is no transportation link and it will not bring a load burden to the staff. Moreover, if a hydraulic cylinder leaks, the leaked hydraulic oil will pollute the environment. The air used by the pneumatic cylinder will not and cannot cause any pollution to the exploration point and is more environmentally friendly.

[0054] In the present invention, the power component 3 works and generates a thrust in the vertical direction on the first limiting component 5. The first limiting component 5 applies the thrust to the static pressure receiving part 13 in the vertical direction in the form of static pressure, causing the pressure-bearing rod to move in the vertical direction. Compared with the working method of rotating and drilling the drill pipe in the prior art, the pressure-bearing rod in the present invention does not have a rotating state and has no disturbance to the formation in the radial direction of the pressure-bearing rod. Therefore, a non-disturbed static pressure in the vertical direction can be applied in the vertical direction. That is, the pressure-bearing rod only receives a thrust in the vertical direction, and this thrust will not affect the force on the radial structure and will not cause the pressure-bearing rod to tilt or vibrate. In the present invention, the vertical direction is determined relative to the exploration point and the formation. The horizontal direction is the tangential direction of the exploration point, and the vertical direction is the normal direction of the formation. Since the pressure-bearing rod only presses down or lifts in the vertical direction, the drilling area of the pressure-bearing rod on the formation reaches the minimum.

[0055] Preferably, the first limiting component 5 can be a non-hollow plate body, or a plate body with a hollow structure, or a hollow plate body. Preferably, a pressure-bearing layer 262 is arranged inside the first limiting component 5. As shown in Figures 7 to 8 it contains a hollow structure formed by splicing several support segments 26 in a diamond shape, so that the weight of the first limiting component 5 is reduced while the pressure-bearing capacity is enhanced.

[0056] Preferably, the device further includes a second limiting component 2 and at least two adjusting components 25. The adjusting components 25 are disposed at the edge of the second limiting component 2 in an adjustable length manner to support the second limiting component 2. Figure 3 As shown, the adjusting component 25 supports the second limiting component 2, ensuring that the plate surface of the second limiting component 2 is horizontal. The second limiting component 2 is preferably a plate structure. The second limiting component 2 can be a perforated plate formed by combining several rods, a plate with a perforated pattern, a hollow plate, or a regular plate. The second limiting component 2 is used to radially limit the pressure rod during its vertical movement, ensuring that the pressure rod can only move vertically and not radially. The second limiting component 2 also provides a support point and a force-bearing point for the power component, allowing the power component to apply a thrust to the second limiting component from one end while being supported at the other. Preferably, the second limiting component is plate-shaped, which also facilitates the application of counterweights to the second limiting component by the operator based on the drilling resistance of the pressure rod. Applying counterweights increases the pressure that the second limiting component can withstand from the power component, which helps maintain the stability of the overall drilling device and also allows the pressure rod to experience a greater static thrust, increasing the downward or upward speed. The counterweights do not need to be carried by the operator and can be obtained on-site. Counterweights can be such as stones, wood, the workers' own bodies, on-site equipment, etc.

[0057] Adjustment component 25 is used to fix the second limiting component to the stratum. When the terrain at the exploration point is uneven or has a negative terrain, adjusting the length of each adjustment component 25 can make the plate surface of the second limiting component horizontal, so that the second limiting component restricts the pressure rod to move only in the vertical direction.

[0058] The second limiting component 2 is provided with a limiting channel 21 that allows the bearing rod 1 to pass through in a vertical state. During the process of the bearing rod 2 being pressed down or lifted up based on static pressure along the normal direction of the formation, the limiting channel 21 maintains the undisturbed lifting or pressing action of the bearing rod 2 by limiting the bearing rod 2 from radial displacement.

[0059] Preferably, the power assembly 3 is arranged between the first limiting assembly 5 and the second limiting assembly 2 in a distribution pattern centered on the pressure-bearing rod 1. During the mechanical movement of the first limiting assembly 5 and the pressure-bearing rod 1 by the power assembly 3, the second limiting assembly 2 maintains a stable horizontal state while bearing the force of the power assembly 3. This arrangement ensures that the pressure-bearing rod only bears vertical force, thus preventing tilting during drilling.

[0060] Preferably, one end of the power assembly 3 is disposed on the ground, using the soil layer as a support surface. The other end of the power assembly 3 is disposed on the first limiting assembly 5, pushing the first limiting assembly to lift the pressure-bearing rod. During this process, the static pressure applying part 51 of the first limiting assembly 5 applies a vertically upward static pressure to the static pressure receiving part 13 of the pressure-bearing rod. With this configuration, the resistance encountered by the pressure-bearing rod in the vertical direction is minimized.

[0061] Preferably, the horizontal plane where the first limiting component 5 is located is parallel to the horizontal plane where the second limiting component 2 is located, and the axis of the static pressure applying part 51 is approximately coaxial with the axis of the limiting channel 21 to avoid the drilling direction of the pressure-bearing rod 1 in the formation normal direction being deviated. This arrangement prevents the pressure-bearing rod from tilting, avoids drilling at an inclined angle, and enables the obtaining of a vertical hole.

[0062] Preferably, the length of the adjusting component 25 is adjusted such that the plane containing the second limiting component 2 is the tangential plane of the drilling point, so that the limiting channel 21 can restrict the pressure rod 1 to move along the normal direction of the formation. This configuration ensures that the pressure rod can only move in the vertical direction.

[0063] Preferably, the second limiting component 2 is a plate structure, and the adjusting component 25 is a retractable hollow tube that supports the plate structure. When the adjusting component 25 cannot be fixed to the stratum, the plate surface of the second limiting component 2 generates normal pressure by arranging counterweights. The normal pressure and the force applied to the second limiting component 2 by the power component form a balanced force to maintain the surface of the second limiting component 2 on the horizontal plane.

[0064] Preferably, the adjusting component 25 is a hollow tube with an adjustable length. Workers can insert the fixing anchor 27 through the adjusting component 25 to reinforce the second limiting component 2, thereby increasing the load-bearing capacity of the second limiting component 2 while preventing displacement of the second limiting component.

[0065] Preferably, the power assembly 3 consists of at least two pneumatic cylinders. Preferably, the multiple pneumatic cylinders are symmetrically distributed around the pressure rod, so that the first limiting assembly 5 and / or the second limiting assembly 2 are subjected to uniform force, and the first limiting assembly and the second limiting assembly are prevented from tilting.

[0066] Preferably, the pneumatic cylinder receives high-pressure air supplied by the air compressor 9 via a pressurized air guide pipe 8. Preferably, at least one control component 7 is provided on the pressurized air guide pipe 8. The control component 7 is, for example, a valve.

[0067] Preferably, such as Figure 7 As shown, the second limiting component 2 includes at least a pressure-bearing layer 262 and a surface layer 261. The pressure-bearing layer 262 is disposed between the two surface layers 261. Preferably, the pressure-bearing layer 262 can be disposed in the entire plane of the plate, or it can be disposed around the limiting channel of the plate.

[0068] like Figure 8 As shown, the pressure-bearing layer 262 includes several support segments 26. These support segments 26 are spliced ​​together in rhomboid units to form nested hexagonal structures. The connection ends between the support segments 26 are connected by connection points 28. Preferably, the support segments 26 and connection points 28 are integrally formed. Preferably, the interior angles of the rhombuses include 60 degrees and 120 degrees. Preferably, the space between the support segments 26 is a hollow layer, reducing the overall weight of the plate. Preferably, the structure of the pressure-bearing layer 262 has stronger load-bearing capacity. When the pressure-bearing layer 262 is subjected to a vertical force, the connection points 28 diffuse the force to each support segment 262, reducing localized stress. Simultaneously, each connection point 28 is supported by at least three support segments 26, and each support segment 26 is positioned by two connection points 28, achieving the advantage of mutual force transfer and support between the support segments and connection points 28.

[0069] Preferably, the support segment 26 is a rectangular segment, and the upper plane of the rectangular segment is a horizontal plane. Preferably, the top planes of all support segments 26 are located on the same plane and are in contact with the surface layer 261.

[0070] Preferably, such as Figure 9 As shown, a pressure-bearing region 29 is provided at a local location within the first limiting component 5 and / or the second limiting component 2. Preferably, the pressure-bearing region 29 is provided with a pressure-bearing layer 262. Preferably, the pressure-bearing region 29 is located around the limiting channel 21, and in particular, the pressure-bearing region 29 can cover the area where the power component 3 is located at multiple first force-bearing positions 21. Preferably, the pressure-bearing region 29 is configured as a regular hexagonal region composed of several rhomboid units. Preferably, the center of the pressure-bearing region 29 coincides with the center of the limiting channel 22. This configuration allows the pressure-bearing layer 262 of the pressure-bearing region 29 to withstand the force applied by the power component, enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the first limiting component 5 and / or the second limiting component 2, while reducing the mass of the first limiting component 5 and / or the second limiting component 2, facilitating transportation and carrying by personnel.

[0071] Preferably, the first force-bearing position 21 is located on the surface 261 vertically above and / or vertically below the connection point 28, so that the connection point 28 can withstand the thrust and the thrust is shared by multiple support segments 26. Preferably, six first force-bearing positions 21 are arranged around the limiting channel 21 in a regular hexagonal pattern. Preferably, the six first force-bearing positions 21 are respectively located on the surface of the corresponding connection point 28.

[0072] Preferably, the first limiting component 5 can also be provided with a similar hexagonal pressure-bearing area 29 to withstand the thrust of the pneumatic cylinder. The first limiting component 5 is provided with a second force-bearing position 24 for mounting the pneumatic cylinder.

[0073] Preferably, both the first force-bearing position 21 and the second force-bearing position 24 can be set as markers formed by grooves, dots, patterns, words, symbols and combinations thereof, to indicate the location where the pneumatic cylinder is installed, so as to facilitate quick installation by the staff.

[0074] Preferably, in this invention, the connections of the pressure-bearing rod 1, the first limiting component 5, the power component 3, the pressure-bearing conduit 8, the air compressor 9, and the adjusting component 25 are all detachable, facilitating disassembly and assembly by workers. Preferably, the detachable connections include threaded connections, snap-fit ​​connections, etc.

[0075] Preferably, the air compressor 9 of the present invention can also be an intelligently controlled air compressor. The air compressor includes an air compression assembly and a controller. The controller is used to receive control commands and control the air compression frequency, pressure, etc. Preferably, the controller is connected to a control module located at a terminal via a wired or wireless means. The control module stores at least one control scheme.

[0076] Preferably, at least one displacement sensor is installed inside the pressure rod 1 to collect changes in its vertical displacement. The displacement sensor transmits the displacement data wirelessly to the control module. The control module monitors the displacement change of the pressure rod and adjusts the pressure of the high-pressure air based on a predetermined displacement increment. The displacement increment refers to a certain displacement distance. For example, if the displacement increment is set to 5 cm, the control unit records the time required for the pressure rod to displace 5 cm. When the time required for each 5 cm displacement increases, it indicates that the resistance encountered by the pressure rod is increasing, and the control module sends an instruction to the controller to increase the air pressure, for example, by 0.5 MPa. Simultaneously, the control module changes the displacement increment, for example, adjusting it to 3 cm, to increase the displacement monitoring frequency of the pressure rod. With this configuration, the control module of the present invention can monitor the drilling depth of the pressure rod in real time and automatically adjust the thrust of the pneumatic cylinder to improve the drilling efficiency of the pressure rod.

[0077] Current technology only monitors the displacement velocity of the bearing rod. If traditional displacement velocity monitoring is used, increasing gas pressure can increase the displacement velocity when it decreases. However, this method has a drawback: the drilling depth of the bearing rod is easily overlooked. When the bearing rod is found to be descending too quickly or too slowly, especially when the drilling direction is tilted, the rod has already moved too far. The data obtained at this point is merely result data and is inconvenient for correction. When the drill bit reaches the rock formation, the displacement velocity of the bearing rod is measured within one minute or one second, failing to reflect the depth change in the descent velocity.

[0078] This invention uses quantitative displacement to observe the displacement progress of the bearing rod, and monitors the drilling progress of the bearing rod by reducing the quantitative displacement as the time length changes. When problems occur or the resistance is too high during the drilling of the bearing rod, this invention can promptly detect and adjust the air pressure accordingly. This invention monitors the process data of the bearing rod, not the result data. When the drill bit of the bearing rod reaches the rock formation, this invention can promptly confirm and monitor whether the gas pressure for core extraction is appropriate, and provide appropriate pressure adjustment.

[0079] The operating principle of this invention is as follows.

[0080] After determining the field survey point, the staff transported the equipment to the location closest to the survey point. Other disassembled parts were transported to the survey point manually, and the generator and air compressor were installed directly in a suitable location. The generator and air compressor can be connected using low-resistivity wires, the length of which is determined according to the actual working conditions.

[0081] A lightweight air compressor (selected according to actual working conditions) is used to provide air pressure up to 1 MPa. This invention assumes the use of a 75mm diameter air cylinder; calculations show that a single air cylinder can provide approximately 441.56 kg. Installing four air cylinders can provide a downward pressure of approximately 1.76 tons for pressing the drill pipe down.

[0082] The bearing rod is approximately 50mm long, with a static pressure bearing section machined in its middle to support the buckle and withstand downward pressure and lifting force. The bearing rods are connected by threads. The static pressure bearing section in the middle of the bearing rod is mainly used to contact the first limiting component and transmit the force of the first limiting component, thereby realizing drilling and core extraction.

[0083] There are two types of overall drilling configurations for the bearing rods during drilling. The first is a lower overall drilling platform where all bearing rods are specially designed for core drilling. The second is a higher overall drilling platform where only the bearing rods in direct contact with the first limiting component are specially designed static pressure bearing rods, while the rest are ordinary static pressure bearing rods. Because this invention is primarily for core drilling at depths of 30m and below, the bearing rods can be manufactured using low-density, high-strength materials, such as aluminum, which has only one-third the density of iron, significantly reducing the overall weight of the drilling tool. During static pressure drilling, after each phase is completed, the bearing rods are installed using a shim fork, allowing drilling to continue. The four corners of the second limiting component have retractable adjustment components, which ensure drilling is completed on a horizontal plane to a certain extent, improving drilling quality. The retractable legs are hollow, allowing the insertion of anchors to stably fix the entire drilling platform (first limiting component) at the drilling point. A pressure-bearing air guide pipe connects the pneumatic cylinder and the air compressor. This pipe, which contains internal steel wire mesh, can withstand high pressure and guide high-pressure gas into the pneumatic cylinder. The pipe has a valve to control the airflow. The length of the pipe can be determined based on the difficulty of handling. After the above steps are completed, the air compressor is started. Once the compressor is running stably, the actual operating pressure is controlled by opening and closing the valve and monitoring the pressure gauge reading. The valve on the pneumatic cylinder is opened, causing it to push downwards against the first limiting component, pressing the drill bit downwards to extract the core. Static pressure coring uses a single-tube coring process. In extremely fractured formations, a single-action, single-tube, semi-combined-tube coring process is used. After one drilling cycle, the first limiting component is adjusted to act below the static pressure bearing part of the pressure rod. The pneumatic cylinder below the first limiting component pushes upwards, ejecting the underground drilling tool, and then the core is extracted.

[0084] Alternatively, the control module can automatically adjust the air pressure of the air compressor based on the displacement data of the bearing rod to complete the drilling and coring of the bearing rod.

[0085] It should be noted that the specific embodiments described above are exemplary. Those skilled in the art can devise various solutions inspired by the disclosure of this invention, and these solutions all fall within the scope of this invention and its protection. Those skilled in the art should understand that this specification and its accompanying drawings are illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. This specification contains multiple inventive concepts; terms such as "preferredly," "according to a preferred embodiment," or "optionally" indicate that the corresponding paragraph discloses an independent concept. The applicant reserves the right to file divisional applications based on each inventive concept.

Claims

1. A detachable core sampling device for foundation exploration, characterized in that, It includes a pressure rod (1), two power components (3) that are pneumatic cylinders, and a first limit component (5). The pressure-bearing rod (1) is provided with a static pressure receiving part (13), and the first limiting component (5) is provided with a static pressure applying part (51). The first limiting component (5) is combined with the pressure-bearing rod (1) in such a way that the static pressure applying part (51) and the static pressure receiving part (13) are fixed relative to each other in the axial direction. The power assembly (3) is arranged on the same surface of the first limiting assembly (5) in the same direction. When the power assembly (3) converts high-pressure air into mechanical energy that propels the first limiting assembly (5) to move in the normal direction of the formation without disturbance, an axial static pressure is generated between the static pressure applying part (51) and the static pressure receiving part (13), and the pressure-bearing rod (1) is pressed down or lifted up towards the formation under the action of the static pressure. The first limiting component (5) includes a pressure-bearing layer (262) and a surface layer (261). The limiting channel (21) of the second limiting component (2) is surrounded by a pressure-bearing area (29). The pressure-bearing area (29) covers the area where the power component (3) is located at multiple first force-bearing positions (22), and is provided with a pressure-bearing layer (262). The pressure-bearing layer (262) is set between the two surface layers (261); the pressure-bearing layer (262) includes several support sections (26), which are spliced ​​together in a rhomboid structure as a unit to form several nested hexagonal structures; the connection ends of the support sections (26) are connected by connection points (28); The static pressure application part (51) is a channel including a snap-fit ​​component. The static pressure bearing part (13) is a limiting structure that is limited by the buckling component. The limiting structure includes any geometric structure that protrudes from and / or recesses the surface of the pressure-bearing rod (1). The device also includes a second limiting component (2) and at least two adjusting components (25). The adjusting component (25) is disposed at the edge of the second limiting component (2) in a length-adjustable manner to support the second limiting component (2), wherein, The second limiting component (2) is provided with a limiting channel (21) that allows the pressure rod (1) to pass through in a vertical state. During the process of the bearing rod (1) being pressed down or lifted up along the normal direction of the formation based on static pressure, the limiting channel (21) maintains the undisturbed lifting or pressing action of the bearing rod (1) in a way that prevents the bearing rod (1) from radially deviating.

2. The detachable core drilling device for foundation exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power assembly (3) is arranged between the first limiting assembly (5) and the second limiting assembly (2) in a distribution pattern centered on the pressure rod (1). During the process of the power component (3) pushing the first limiting component (5) and the pressure rod (1) to move mechanically, the second limiting component (2) maintains a stable horizontal state under the force of the power component (3).

3. The detachable core drilling device for foundation exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal plane where the first limiting component (5) is located is parallel to the horizontal plane where the second limiting component (2) is located, and The axis of the static pressure application part (51) is approximately coaxial with the axis of the limiting channel (21) to avoid the bearing rod (1) from deviating in the drilling direction in the formation normal direction.

4. The detachable core drilling device for foundation exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the adjustment component (25) is adjusted such that the surface where the second limiting component (2) is located is the tangential surface of the drilling point, so that the limiting channel (21) can limit the pressure rod (1) to move along the normal direction of the formation.

5. The detachable core drilling device for foundation exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second limiting component (2) is a plate structure, and the adjusting component (25) is a retractable hollow tube that supports the plate structure. If the adjustment component (25) cannot be fixed to the formation, the plate surface of the second limiting component (2) generates normal pressure by arranging a counterweight. The normal pressure and the force applied to the second limiting component (2) by the power component form a balanced force to maintain the surface of the second limiting component (2) on the horizontal plane.

6. A method for using the detachable core drilling device for foundation exploration as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The method includes at least: At least one static pressure bearing part (13) is provided on the bearing rod (1). A static pressure application part (51) is provided on the first limiting component (5). The first limiting component (5) is combined with the pressure rod (1) in such a way that the static pressure applying part (51) and the static pressure receiving part (13) are fixed relative to each other in the axial direction; The power components (3) are arranged in the same direction on the same surface of the first limiting component (5). When the power assembly (3) converts high-pressure air into mechanical energy that can push the first limiting assembly (5) to move in the normal direction of the formation without disturbance, an axial static pressure is generated between the static pressure applying part (51) and the static pressure receiving part (13), so that the pressure-bearing rod (1) is pressed down or lifted up into the formation under the action of the static pressure.

7. The method for using a detachable borehole coring device for foundation exploration according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: setting the length-adjustable adjustment component (25) at the edge of the second limiting component (2) to support the second limiting component (2), wherein, The second limiting component (2) is provided with a limiting channel (21) that allows the pressure rod (1) to pass through in a vertical state. During the process of the pressure rod (1) being pressed down or lifted up along the normal direction of the formation based on static pressure, the limiting channel (21) is set in a way that limits the pressure rod (1) from radial displacement, thereby maintaining the undisturbed lifting or pressing action of the pressure rod (1).

8. The method for using a detachable borehole coring device for foundation exploration according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The power assembly (3) is arranged between the first limiting assembly (5) and the second limiting assembly (2) in a distribution pattern centered on the pressure rod (1). During the process of the power component (3) pushing the first limiting component (5) and the pressure rod (1) to move mechanically, the second limiting component (2) maintains a stable horizontal state under the force of the power component (3).

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