Directional fracturing equipment, top cutting and lane retaining method, and coal seam extraction drilling and permeability enhancement method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of coal mining equipment, and more specifically, to a directional fracturing device, a method for cutting a top and leaving a lane, and a method for increasing the permeability of coal seam drilling for extraction. The directional fracturing device comprises a rod body and a piston; a nozzle is provided on the side of the rod body, a jet channel is opened in the rod body, one end of the jet channel is connected to the nozzle, and the other end of the jet channel is used to inject a high-pressure fluid; the piston is mounted on the rod body, and the central axis of the piston forms an angle with the central axis of the nozzle. The method for cutting a top and leaving a lane and the method for increasing the permeability of coal seam drilling for extraction both apply the above-mentioned directional fracturing device. The directional fracturing device, the method for cutting a top and leaving a lane, and the method for increasing the permeability of coal seam drilling for extraction provided by the present invention can greatly reduce the pressure required for drilling and splitting, which can not only reduce the difficulty of sealing, reduce the difficulty and cost of processing and manufacturing, but also help to improve work efficiency; in addition, a directional regular fracturing effect can also be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal mining equipment, and in particular to a directional fracturing device, a top cutting and lane retaining method, and a coal seam extraction drilling and permeability enhancement method. Background Art

[0002] A splitting rod is a device that uses hydraulic machinery to split rocks or coal seams. It has achieved good results in non-explosive rock crushing in mining and earthwork projects.

[0003] However, existing splitting rods all use the piston rod or plunger end face and the rear surface of the rod body to directly open the drill hole. Since the inner wall of the original drill hole is intact, it requires a lot of pressure to directly open the drill hole when the equipment is working. This not only increases the difficulty of sealing, leads to high processing and manufacturing difficulty and cost, but also leads to low work efficiency. In addition, the cracks opened by the existing splitting rods are irregular and cannot achieve a directional and regular fracturing effect.

[0004] In summary, how to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the existing splitting rod is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a directional fracturing device, a top cutting and lane retaining method and a coal seam extraction drilling and permeability enhancement method, so as to alleviate the technical problems of the splitting rods in the prior art, such as high processing and manufacturing difficulty and cost, low working efficiency and inability to achieve directional regular fracturing effects.

[0006] The directional fracturing equipment provided by the present invention comprises a rod body and a piston.

[0007] A nozzle is provided on the side of the rod body, and a jet channel is opened in the rod body. One end of the jet channel is connected to the nozzle, and the other end of the jet channel is used for injecting high-pressure fluid.

[0008] The piston is mounted on the rod body, and a central axis of the piston forms an angle with a central axis of the nozzle.

[0009] Preferably, as an implementation method, there are at least two nozzles, each of which faces two sides of the rod, and the central axes of the nozzles are coplanar.

[0010] And / or, the nozzle is arranged close to the head of the rod body.

[0011] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, the central axis of the nozzle is perpendicular to the central axis of the rod body, and the central axis of the piston is perpendicular to the central axis of the rod body.

[0012] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, the central axis of the piston is perpendicular to the central axis of the nozzle.

[0013] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, the directional fracturing equipment further includes a jet pump, an abrasive cylinder and a mixing chamber, the inlet of the jet pump is used to inhale the fluid medium, the jet port of the jet pump and the discharge port of the abrasive cylinder are both connected to the mixing chamber, and the mixing chamber is connected to the jet channel.

[0014] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, the directional fracturing equipment further comprises a base and a telescopic arm, and both ends of the telescopic arm are respectively connected to the tail end of the rod body and the base.

[0015] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, the telescopic arm is rotatably connected to the rod body, and an angle adjustment device is connected between the telescopic arm and the rod body, and the angle adjustment device is used to adjust the angle between the rod body and the telescopic arm;

[0016] And / or, the directional fracturing equipment further comprises a mechanical arm, the mechanical arm being connected between the telescopic arm and the base, the mechanical arm being used to adjust the posture of the telescopic arm;

[0017] And / or, the directional fracturing equipment further includes a vehicle, and the base is installed on the vehicle.

[0018] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, a guide body is provided at the head end of the rod body, and the cross-sectional area of the end of the guide body away from the rod body is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the end of the guide body connected to the rod body.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the directional fracturing equipment provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] After the rod body is inserted into the borehole, high-pressure fluid can be injected into the jet channel. The high-pressure fluid entering the jet channel will be sprayed toward the wall of the borehole through the nozzle arranged on the side of the rod body through the jet channel. The high-pressure jet sprayed by the nozzle can cut the wall of the borehole, and a slit will be formed on the wall of the borehole. Then, the piston is controlled to be pushed out. When the piston exerts splitting pressure on the wall of the borehole, a stress concentration area will appear at the position of the slit on the wall of the borehole. The central axis of the fracturing piston and the central axis of the nozzle form an angle, so the borehole can easily crack toward both sides along the directional slit, which can greatly reduce the pressure required for the fracturing piston to open the borehole, which not only reduces the difficulty of sealing, reduces the difficulty and cost of processing and manufacturing, but also helps to improve work efficiency. When the angle of the rod body entering the borehole is determined, the direction of the nozzle on its side will also be determined, so that the direction of the slit on the wall of the borehole can be determined, and the crack formed by the piston opening the borehole will be more regular, which is convenient for achieving a directional regular fracturing effect.

[0021] In addition, the directional fracturing equipment provided by the present invention is provided with a high-pressure fluid nozzle and a piston at the same time. Therefore, after the rod body is inserted into the borehole, the fracturing work of the borehole can be completed in one go without changing tools, and the working efficiency is high.

[0022] The present invention also provides a top cutting and lane retaining method, which is applied to the above-mentioned directional fracturing equipment, and the method comprises:

[0023] A plurality of boreholes are drilled at intervals along the extension direction of the tunnel at the top of the tunnel where the tunnel needs to be left;

[0024] Controlling the rod to sequentially extend into the plurality of drill holes;

[0025] After each time the rod body is inserted into a borehole, high-pressure fluid is first injected into the jet channel so that the high-pressure jet ejected from the nozzle forms a slit on the side wall of the borehole, and then the piston is controlled to be pushed out so that the borehole is expanded along the slit;

[0026] After the cutting seams between the plurality of drill holes are connected, the top plate of the tunnel that has been cut through the top automatically falls down to form a cut-top tunnel wall, and the cut-top tunnel wall is completed.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the method for cutting the top and retaining the lane provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The method for cutting the top and retaining the lanes provided by the present invention adopts the above-mentioned directional fracturing equipment for cutting the top, has high working efficiency, and can achieve a directional and regular fracturing effect. In addition, it replaces the traditional method of cutting the top by explosive blasting, and solves the shortcomings of the existing technology such as blasting pollution of mine airflow and strict control of explosives, which is inconvenient to use.

[0029] The present invention also provides a method for increasing permeability of coal seam drilling by extraction, which uses the above-mentioned directional fracturing equipment, and the method comprises:

[0030] Drilling holes in coal seams;

[0031] Controlling the rod to extend into the drill hole;

[0032] injecting high-pressure fluid into the jet channel so that the high-pressure jet ejected from the nozzle forms a slit on the side wall of the borehole;

[0033] controlling the piston to push out the piston so that the borehole is expanded along the slit;

[0034] The borehole is sealed and connected to the grid for extraction.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the coal seam extraction drilling permeability enhancement method provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] The coal seam extraction drilling permeability enhancement method provided by the present invention utilizes directional fracturing equipment to prop up the borehole, forming surface or body cracks around the borehole, thereby increasing the effective range of the borehole. This can increase the effective range of the borehole, facilitate improving the adequacy of gas extraction in the coal seam, reduce gas residue, and has high working efficiency, thereby achieving the effect of directional cracking of the borehole. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a directional fracturing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the directional fracturing equipment provided in an embodiment of the present invention during top cutting and lane retention;

[0040] Figure 3 A schematic flow chart of a method for cutting a roof and retaining a lane provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 A schematic flow chart of a coal seam extraction drilling permeability enhancement method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Description of reference numerals:

[0043] 1-Rod body; 2-Piston; 3-Nozzle; 4-Jet channel; 5-Jet pump; 6-Abrasive cylinder; 7-Mixing chamber; 8-Water tank; 9-Suction hose; 10-High-pressure water pipe; 11-Oil tank; 12-Oil pump; 13-Oil inlet pipe; 14-Oil return pipe; 15-High-pressure oil pipe; 16-Ball valve; 17-Telescopic arm; 18-Angle adjustment device; 19-Vehicle; 20-Guide body; 21-Drilling hole; 22-Tunnel; 23-Top cutting and tunnel wall retention; 24-Goaf. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific implementation examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0046] See also Figure 1 This embodiment provides a directional fracturing device, which includes a rod body 1 and a piston 2; a nozzle 3 is provided on the side of the rod body 1, and a jet channel 4 is opened in the rod body 1, one end of the jet channel 4 is connected to the nozzle 3, and the other end of the jet channel 4 is used to inject high-pressure fluid; the piston 2 is installed on the rod body 1, and the central axis of the piston 2 forms an angle with the central axis of the nozzle 3.

[0047] The directional fracturing device provided in this embodiment, after being inserted into a borehole, can inject high-pressure fluid into the jet channel 4. The high-pressure fluid entering the jet channel 4 is sprayed toward the borehole wall through the nozzle 3 provided on the side of the rod body 1. The high-pressure jet ejected from the nozzle 3 can cut the borehole wall, forming a slit on the borehole wall. Then, the piston 2 is controlled to be extended. When the extended piston 2 applies splitting pressure on the borehole wall, a stress concentration area appears at the location of the slit on the borehole wall. Since the central axis of the piston 2 forms an angle with the central axis of the nozzle 3, the borehole can easily split in both directions along the directional slit, which can greatly reduce the pressure required for the piston 2 to open the borehole. This not only reduces the difficulty of sealing, reduces the difficulty and cost of manufacturing, but also helps to improve work efficiency. When the angle of the rod body 1 entering the borehole is determined, the orientation of the nozzle 3 on its side is also determined. Therefore, the direction of the slit on the borehole wall can be determined, and the crack formed by the piston 2 opening the borehole will be more regular, facilitating the realization of a directional and regular fracturing effect.

[0048] In addition, the directional fracturing equipment provided in this embodiment is provided with a high-pressure fluid nozzle 3 and a piston 2 at the same time. Therefore, after the rod body 1 is inserted into the borehole, the fracturing work of the borehole can be completed in one go without changing tools, and the working efficiency is high.

[0049] One or more nozzles 3 can be set on the side of the rod body 1, and preferably at least two nozzles 3 are set. These nozzles 3 are respectively set to face the two sides of the rod body 1, and the central axes of these nozzles 3 are coplanar. High-pressure fluid can be used to cut the hole walls on both sides of the borehole respectively, so that slits can be formed on the opposite sides of the borehole, and the two slits formed are located in the same plane. That is to say, the cracks on both sides of the borehole can be cut in advance using the nozzles 3. Compared with the case where there is a slit on only one side, the pressure required to open the borehole is smaller, and the directional regular fracturing effect is better.

[0050] Specifically, the nozzle 3 can be set at a position close to the head of the rod body 1, which can reduce the length of the drill hole that cannot be sprayed by the high-pressure fluid as much as possible, thereby ensuring the fracturing effect.

[0051] Preferably, the central axis of the nozzle 3 and the central axis of the rod body 1 can be set to be perpendicular to each other, so as to fully utilize the pressure exerted by the high-pressure fluid ejected from the nozzle 3 on the wall of the borehole, which is conducive to reducing the pressure demand for the high-pressure fluid; accordingly, the central axis of the piston 2 and the central axis of the rod body 1 can be set to be perpendicular to each other, so as to fully utilize the pressure exerted by the piston 2 on the wall of the borehole, which is conducive to reducing the pressure required for the piston 2 to fracture the borehole.

[0052] Furthermore, the central axis of the nozzle 3 and the central axis of the piston 2 are set to be perpendicular to each other. In this way, the slits on the borehole wall can be fully utilized, which is conducive to further reducing the pressure required for the piston to open the borehole and achieving a better fracturing effect.

[0053] In the directional fracturing equipment provided in this embodiment, a jet pump 5, an abrasive barrel 6 and a mixing chamber 7 can be additionally provided. The fluid medium is sucked in through the inlet of the jet pump 5, and the jet port of the jet pump 5 and the discharge port of the abrasive barrel 6 are both connected to the mixing chamber 7, and the mixing chamber 7 is connected to the jet channel 4. The abrasive barrel 6 can feed abrasive into the mixing chamber 7, and the jet pump 5 can pressurize the fluid medium and spray it into the mixing chamber 7 where the abrasive exists. After the high-pressure fluid and the abrasive are mixed in the mixing chamber 7, they will flow into the jet channel 4. Finally, the high-pressure fluid mixed with the abrasive will be ejected from the nozzle 3 to cut the wall of the borehole. With the support of the abrasive, the jet cutting effect is better. Among them, the fluid medium can be water, gas or slurry. Among them, the pressure after the jet pump 5 pressurizes the jet medium can be set to 10 to 300 MPa.

[0054] Specifically, a water tank 8 can be provided, and the inlet of the jet pump 5 can be connected to the water tank 8, so that the water tank 8 can be used to provide water as a fluid medium for the jet pump 5; the water tank 8 and the jet pump 5 can be connected through a water suction hose 9, and the mixing chamber 7 and the jet channel 4 can be connected through a high-pressure water pipe 10.

[0055] In the directional fracturing equipment provided in this embodiment, an oil tank 11 and an oil pump 12 can be additionally provided. An oil inlet interface and an oil return interface can be provided at the tail end of the rod body 1. The oil inlet interface is connected to the push-out cavity of the piston 2 through the oil inlet oil passage opened in the rod body 1, and the oil return interface is connected to the retraction cavity of the piston 2 through the oil return oil passage opened in the rod body 1. At the same time, the oil inlet interface is connected to the oil pump 12 through the oil inlet pipe 13, and the oil return interface is connected to the oil pump 12 through the oil return pipe 14, and the oil pump 12 is connected to the oil pump 12. The oil tank 11 is connected to the oil pump 12. When the piston 2 needs to open the borehole, the oil pump 12 is turned on. The oil in the oil tank 11 is pressurized by the oil pump 12 and is pressed into the pushing cavity of the piston 2 through the oil inlet pipe 13 and the oil inlet oil circuit. The high-pressure oil pushes the piston 2 out to open the borehole. After fracturing is completed, the oil pump 12 is turned on. The oil in the oil tank 11 is pressurized by the oil pump 12 and is pressed into the retraction cavity of the piston 2 through the return oil pipe 14 and the return oil circuit. The high-pressure oil pushes the piston 2 back into the rod body 1 to facilitate the withdrawal of the rod body 1.

[0056] In addition, a base and a telescopic arm 17 can be added, and the two ends of the telescopic arm 17 are respectively connected to the tail end of the rod body and the base. The base can serve as a supporting structure for the telescopic arm 17. The telescopic arm 17 performs telescopic movement to realize the movement of the rod body 1 relative to the base. Therefore, it can be used in upward drilling and horizontal deep holes, and is easy to operate and has a wide range of applications.

[0057] The telescopic arm 17 can be connected to the oil pump 12 via a high-pressure oil pipe. When the telescopic arm 17 needs to be extended, the oil pump 12 can be started, and the oil in the oil tank 11 can be pressurized by the oil pump 12 and then pressed into the telescopic arm 17 through the high-pressure oil pipe, thereby extending the telescopic arm 17. A ball valve 16 can be installed on the high-pressure oil pipe 15.

[0058] Preferably, the telescopic arm 17 is rotatably connected to the rod body 1, that is, the rod body 1 can rotate relative to the telescopic arm 17. On this basis, an angle adjustment device 18 is connected between the telescopic arm 17 and the rod body 1 to use the angle adjustment device 18 to adjust the angle between the rod body 1 and the telescopic arm 17 to adapt to the direction of the drilling.

[0059] Specifically, a connecting structure such as a single ear shaft, a double ear shaft, a lifting ring or a threaded structure can be connected to the tail end of the rod body 1, so that the rod body 1 can be connected to the telescopic arm 17 through the connecting structure, and the rod body 1 can be rotated relative to the telescopic arm 17.

[0060] A robotic arm may be added and connected between the telescopic arm 17 and the base, so as to adjust the posture of the telescopic arm 17 by using the robotic arm, thereby adjusting the posture of the rod body 1 to better adapt to the direction of the drilling.

[0061] like Figure 2 As shown, the base can be mounted on a vehicle 19. During operation, the directional fracturing equipment can be moved by moving the vehicle 19, saving time and effort. The vehicle 19 can be moved by crawler, rubber-wheel, rail, gear, rack, hanging, winch, hydraulic / pneumatic push-pull, bionic stepping, electromagnetic induction, and other means of movement.

[0062] Preferably, a drilling rig can be integrated on the vehicle 19 to realize the integrated function of drilling and fracturing.

[0063] In addition, see Figure 1 A guide body 20 can be provided at the head end of the rod body 1. The cross-sectional area of the end of the guide body 20 facing away from the rod body 1 is set to be smaller than the cross-sectional area of the end of the guide body 20 connected to the rod body 1. In this way, the small end of the guide body 20 can enter the drill hole first and guide the rod body 1 smoothly into the drill hole, thereby improving the efficiency of inserting the rod body 1 into the drill hole. Specifically, the guide body 1 can be configured in a cone, pyramid, hemisphere, or frustum shape, or can be configured as an irregular convex curved structure.

[0064] Preferably, the guide body 20 is connected to the rod body 1 in a detachable manner. When the guide body 20 is severely worn or damaged, it can be removed and replaced with a new guide body 20, so that the guide body 20 can smoothly guide the rod body 1 into the drill hole, thereby preventing the rod body 1 from having difficulty inserting into the drill hole due to poor guiding effect of the guide body 20. Specifically, the guide body 20 and the rod body 1 can be connected by a threaded connection or a magnetic connection.

[0065] Of course, if the replacement of the guide body 20 is not considered, the guide body 20 and the rod body 1 can also be set as an integrated structure or connected in a non-detachable connection method to improve the reliability of the guide body 20 and make the guide body 20 not easy to fall off. Specifically, the guide body 20 and the rod body 1 can be connected by welding or bonding.

[0066] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the directional fracturing equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention when cutting the roof and leaving the lane, wherein the directional fracturing equipment is located in the lane 22, and its rod 1 is extended into one of the drill holes 21 to perform fracturing, causing the lane roof to fall, forming a cut-roof lane wall 23, and illustrating the position of the goaf 24.

[0067] Figure 3 : is a schematic flow chart of a top cutting and lane retaining method provided in this embodiment. The method uses the above-mentioned directional fracturing equipment and includes:

[0068] S102, drilling a plurality of boreholes at intervals along the extension direction of the tunnel at the top of the tunnel where the tunnel needs to be retained;

[0069] The distance between two connected boreholes can be set to 0.3 to 10 m.

[0070] S104, the control rod body is sequentially extended into a plurality of drill holes;

[0071] S106, each time the rod is inserted into a borehole, high-pressure fluid is first injected into the jet channel so that the high-pressure jet ejected from the nozzle forms a slit on the side wall of the borehole, and then the piston is controlled to be pushed out to expand the borehole along the slit;

[0072] S108, after the cutting seams between the plurality of boreholes are connected, the roadway roof that has been cut through the top automatically falls down to form a roadway wall with the top cut, and the roadway with the top cut is completed.

[0073] The top cutting and lane retaining method provided in this embodiment uses the above-mentioned directional fracturing equipment to perform top cutting, has high working efficiency, and can achieve a directional and regular fracturing effect. In addition, it replaces the traditional top cutting method of explosive blasting, and solves the shortcomings of the existing technology such as blasting pollution of mine airflow and strict control of explosives, which is inconvenient to use.

[0074] Before step S102, the tunnels that need to be retained can be reinforced and supported. The reinforced support can be achieved by using denser anchor rods or anchor cables, retractable anchor cables, and by setting up brackets and pillars in the tunnels.

[0075] The above steps S104 and S106 can be performed at a distance of 20 to 500 m from the advance mining working face.

[0076] In the above step S108, before the tunnel roof that has been cut through the top automatically falls down, the tunnel wall on the goaf side can be sealed to block the gangue and wind.

[0077] Figure 3 This embodiment also provides a schematic flow chart of a method for increasing permeability of coal seam drilling by extraction, which uses the above-mentioned directional fracturing equipment. The method includes:

[0078] S202, drilling a borehole in the coal seam;

[0079] S204, the control rod body extends into the drill hole;

[0080] S206, injecting high-pressure fluid into the jet channel so that the high-pressure jet ejected from the nozzle forms a slit on the side wall of the drill hole;

[0081] S208, controlling the piston to push out the piston so that the drill hole is expanded along the slit;

[0082] S210, sealing the borehole and connecting it to the grid for extraction.

[0083] The coal seam extraction drilling permeability enhancement method provided in this embodiment uses directional fracturing equipment to prop up the borehole, forming surface or body cracks around the borehole, thereby increasing the effective range of the borehole. This can increase the effective range of the borehole, facilitate improving the adequacy of gas extraction in the coal seam, reduce gas residue, and has high working efficiency, which can achieve the effect of directional cracking of the borehole.

[0084] Preferably, the jet direction is set to be parallel to the coal seam plane, and the fracturing direction is set to be perpendicular to the coal seam plane, so as to fully utilize the function of the directional fracturing equipment to directional crack the borehole, thereby improving the borehole propping effect.

[0085] In summary, the embodiments of the present invention disclose a directional fracturing device, a top-cutting lane-retaining method, and a coal seam extraction drilling permeability enhancement method that overcome the many technical shortcomings of conventional splitting rods. The directional fracturing device, top-cutting lane-retaining method, and coal seam extraction drilling permeability enhancement method provided by the embodiments of the present invention can significantly reduce the pressure required for drilling and splitting, thereby reducing sealing difficulties, manufacturing difficulty, and costs, while also improving work efficiency. Furthermore, they can achieve a directional, regular fracturing effect.

[0086] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper" and "top" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0087] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0088] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A directional fracturing device, characterized in that: including a rod body and a piston; A nozzle is provided on the side of the rod body, and a jet channel is opened in the rod body. One end of the jet channel is connected to the nozzle, and the other end of the jet channel is used to inject high-pressure fluid; The piston is mounted on the rod body, and the central axis of the piston is perpendicular to the central axis of the nozzle; There are at least two nozzles, each of which faces two sides of the rod, and the central axes of the nozzles are coplanar; the nozzles are arranged near the head of the rod; The central axis of the nozzle is perpendicular to the central axis of the rod, and the central axis of the piston is perpendicular to the central axis of the rod; A guide body is provided at the head end of the rod body, and the cross-sectional area of the end of the guide body away from the rod body is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the end of the guide body connected to the rod body.

2. The directional fracturing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The directional fracturing equipment further includes a jet pump, an abrasive cylinder and a mixing chamber. The inlet of the jet pump is used to inhale fluid medium. The jet port of the jet pump and the discharge port of the abrasive cylinder are both connected to the mixing chamber, and the mixing chamber is connected to the jet channel.

3. The directional fracturing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The directional fracturing equipment further comprises a base and a telescopic arm, and both ends of the telescopic arm are respectively connected to the tail end of the rod body and the base.

4. The directional fracturing equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The telescopic arm is rotatably connected to the rod body, and an angle adjustment device is connected between the telescopic arm and the rod body, and the angle adjustment device is used to adjust the angle between the rod body and the telescopic arm; And / or, the directional fracturing equipment further comprises a mechanical arm, the mechanical arm being connected between the telescopic arm and the base, the mechanical arm being used to adjust the posture of the telescopic arm; And / or, the directional fracturing equipment further includes a vehicle, and the base is installed on the vehicle.

5. A method for cutting the top and retaining the lane, characterized in that: Using the directional fracturing equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the method comprises: A plurality of boreholes are drilled at intervals along the extension direction of the tunnel at the top of the tunnel where the tunnel needs to be left; Controlling the rod to sequentially extend into the plurality of drill holes; After each time the rod body is inserted into a borehole, high-pressure fluid is first injected into the jet channel so that the high-pressure jet ejected from the nozzle forms a slit on the side wall of the borehole, and then the piston is controlled to be pushed out so that the borehole is expanded along the slit; After the cutting seams between the plurality of drill holes are connected, the top plate of the tunnel that has been cut through the top automatically falls down to form a cut-top tunnel wall, and the cut-top tunnel wall is completed.

6. A coal seam extraction drilling permeability enhancement method, characterized in that: Using the directional fracturing equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the method comprises: Drilling holes in coal seams; Controlling the rod to extend into the drill hole; injecting high-pressure fluid into the jet channel so that the high-pressure jet ejected from the nozzle forms a slit on the side wall of the borehole; controlling the piston to push out the piston so that the borehole is expanded along the slit; The borehole is sealed and connected to the grid for extraction.

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