A mining method for breaking through the surrounding rock and mining steeply inclined thin ore body by bag filling

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of broken surrounding rock steeply inclined thin ore body bag type filling mining methods, along the trend of ore body division room, each room is divided along the vertical high direction section stope, each section stope is through section rock drilling roadway and is rock-drilled and mined, section retreating stoping, shovel loading equipment and are mined, each stoping caving step distance caving ore mining process uses air bag synchronous filling goaf to control roof exposed area, after mining is completed, filling slurry is directly filled into air bag to complete the filling of goaf, after filling material consolidation, continue retreating stoping, until the whole stope stoping filling ends.This method improves the mechanization degree and stoping efficiency of broken surrounding rock steeply inclined thin ore body mining, and also greatly improves the safety of ore body stoping through air bag filling, reduces the mining and filling cost of mine.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of metal mine exploitation, and particularly relates to a broken surrounding rock steeply inclined thin ore body bag type filling mining method. BACKGROUND

[0002] For broken surrounding rock steeply inclined thin ore body (inclination is more than 55 degrees, thickness is less than 5m), in order to ensure the stability of surrounding rock in the process of mining, small cross section, small scale upward / downward horizontal slice filling, wall cutting filling method and other mining methods are usually used, the mining width of stope needs to be controlled in a small range to control the exposed area of the hanging wall surrounding rock, it is difficult to improve the mining efficiency through mechanized equipment, and there are disadvantages such as small production capacity, complex process, high mining and filling cost and the like. SUMMARY

[0003] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a broken surrounding rock steeply inclined thin ore body bag type filling mining method, which improves the mechanization degree and recovery efficiency of broken surrounding rock steeply inclined thin ore body mining, and also greatly improves the safety of ore body recovery through air bag filling, and reduces the mining and filling cost of mine.

[0004] Therefore, the broken surrounding rock steeply inclined thin ore body bag type filling mining method provided by the present application divides the ore room along the ore body strike, divides each ore room into sublevel stopes along the vertical height direction, each sublevel stope is mined through sublevel drilling roadway, and the sublevel retreat mining is carried out.

[0005] The air bag is used to synchronously fill the mined-out area during the ore mining process of each sublevel caving step distance, the filling slurry is directly filled into the air bag to complete the filling of the mined-out area after the ore mining is completed, and the retreat mining is continued after the filling material is solidified until the whole stope recovery and filling are completed.

[0006] Specifically, a pressure relief valve is arranged on the air bag, with the continuous injection of the filling slurry, the gas in the air bag is continuously discharged through the pressure relief valve, and the pressure in the air bag is kept stable until the filling slurry fills the whole air bag, the microbial bacteria solution is added into the filling slurry, the microbial bacteria solution and the filling slurry have a mineralization reaction, a biomimetic calcium carbonate layer is formed on the inner surface of the air bag, and the water is consumed to realize the solidification of the filling slurry.

[0007] Specifically, the air bag comprises a plurality of independent air chambers distributed upward and downward, when the mined-out area is formed, the upper independent air chamber is first inflated to make the air bag support the upper and lower wall surrounding rocks, and after the lower caving ore recovery is completed, the lowermost independent air chamber is inflated to make the air bag completely adhere to the upper and lower wall surrounding rocks.

[0008] Specifically, the fresh air flow flows out from the sublevel along the vein roadway through the ore mining access, and flows out from the blasting mined-out area to the upper sublevel drilling roadway after washing the stope along the sublevel drilling roadway.

[0009] Specifically, a 3-5m space is reserved between the air bag and the ore to be mined in the goaf, so as to ensure the free surface of blasting and the ventilation of the stope.

[0010] Specifically, a cemented cushion layer is laid on the air bag to provide a platform for the arrangement of the next air bag and the subsequent sublevel stoping.

[0011] Specifically, during stoping, a cutting groove is first formed on one side, upward holes are drilled in the sublevel drilling roadway by a drilling jumbo, the hole spacing is 1.5m, and the blasting is performed to one side with the cutting groove as the free surface, and the step distance of one stoping is 5-8m.

[0012] Specifically, the air bag comprises a flexible bag body and a flexible rubber plate wrapped outside the flexible bag body.

[0013] Specifically, during ore drawing, the sublevel shovel loading equipment shovels the ore and then leads the ore into the sublevel chute through the ore drawing approach to the bottommost sublevel, the ore in the bottommost sublevel is transported to the stage transportation roadway by a loading truck, and the ore is transported to the main chute or the ground.

[0014] Specifically, the ore drawing approach is excavated at the sublevel along-vein roadway, the sublevel along-orebody direction is drawn to form the sublevel drilling roadway, the chutes are connected between the sublevels to the bottom of the stope, the stoping is performed when the sublevel stope retreats from one side to the other side, and multiple stopes can be arranged in the adjacent ore rooms to perform stoping at the same time.

[0015] Specifically, the ore room has a length of 40-50m, a 2m ore pillar is reserved in the ore room, the stage height is 40m, and the ore room is divided into stopes according to the sublevel height of 10m.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, at least one embodiment of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The air bag can be quickly arranged to quickly support the surrounding rock, protect the stope operation equipment and personnel safety, solve the problem of delayed support effect of subsequent filling during large-scale mining, and has a large contact area with the surrounding rock, a good contact surface and uniform stress, so that the support effect on the broken surrounding rock is better, the mine can use mechanized and medium-length hole equipment for large-scale mining in multiple stopes, and the contradiction between the safety of the broken surrounding rock and the stoping efficiency during the mining of the broken surrounding rock is solved.

[0018] 2. The filling material slurry is directly injected into the air bag for consolidation to form a permanent filling body, the bag-type filling can effectively control the filling body usage, a more economical sand ratio and cementing agent can be used, and a filling retaining wall is not needed, so that the construction process is simple and controllable, the filling cost is reduced, the air bag separates the caved ore and the filling body, and the dilution caused by the mixing of the filling material and the ore during the mining blasting is prevented.

[0019] 3. The filling material is injected into the air bag for curing, and a mineralization reaction is generated by using the MICP (microbially induced carbonate precipitation) technology to consume water and realize the consolidation of the filling material, forming a permanent filling body without the need for additional drainage facilities, thereby greatly reducing the filling cost.

[0020] 4. The added microbial solution will have a mineralization reaction with the filling material to form a high-strength eggshell-like biomimetic calcium carbonate layer in the air bag, the biomimetic calcium carbonate layer wraps the filling body to form a wall protection structure, which can effectively prevent the impact caused by blasting from causing large-scale collapse of the filling body and affecting ore recovery, and can also strengthen the strength of the filling body and reduce the amount of cement and other cementitious materials in the filling material, thereby further reducing the filling operation cost.

[0021] 5. The filling body is wrapped by the air bag made of flexible material, which can effectively absorb the blasting stress wave generated by subsequent ore body blasting and mining, so that the attenuated stress wave will not damage the filling body, thereby effectively ensuring the safety of mining. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0023] Figure 1 is the main view of the mining method provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the sectional view along line II-II in FIG. 1;

[0025] Figure 3 is Figure 1 the sectional view along line III-III in FIG. 1;

[0026] Figure 4 is Figure 1 the sectional view along line IV-IV in FIG. 1;

[0027] Figure 5 is Figure 1 the sectional view along line V-V in FIG. 1;

[0028] In the figure: 1, stage transportation roadway; 2, sectional vein roadway; 3, ore extraction access; 4, sectional rock drilling roadway; 5, caved ore; 6, ore to be mined; 7, unfilled air bag; 8, filled air bag; 9, blast hole; 10, ore chute; 11, cementitious cushion layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] With reference to the accompanying drawings, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below, obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0030] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0031] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0032] To solve the technical problems of small production capacity, complex process, high mining and filling cost of broken surrounding rock steeply inclined thin ore body mining process, the present application adopts a gas bag filling technology, which can reduce the mining and filling cost while stabilizing the broken surrounding rock stability of the upper disc, and can also use mechanized sublevel longhole to improve the mining efficiency, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing cost, increasing efficiency and safety of broken surrounding rock steeply inclined thin ore body mining.

[0033] Specifically, referring to Figures 1-5 The present application proposes a broken surrounding rock steeply inclined thin ore body bag type filling mining method, which divides the ore room along the ore body strike, divides each ore room into sublevel stope along the vertical height direction, each sublevel stope is drilled and mined through the sublevel drilling roadway 4, and the sublevel retreat mining is carried out. The mining is carried out by the shovel loading equipment, the gas bag is used to control the roof exposure area during the ore falling process of each mining caving step distance caving ore 5, after the mining is completed, the filling slurry is directly filled into the gas bag to complete the filling of the mined-out area, and the retreat mining is continued after the filling material is solidified, until the whole stope mining and filling is completed.

[0034] In this embodiment, the characteristics of the air bag rapid arrangement can be used to quickly support the surrounding rock, protect the stope operation equipment and personnel safety, and solve the problem of the delayed filling support effect in large-scale mining. At the same time, the air bag has a large contact area with the surrounding rock, a good contact surface, and uniform stress, and the support effect of the broken surrounding rock is better, so that the mine can use mechanized and medium-length hole equipment for large-scale mining in multiple stopes, and solve the contradiction between the safety of the broken surrounding rock and the recovery efficiency in the mining process.

[0035] In addition, the filling material slurry is directly injected into the air bag for consolidation to form a permanent filling body, the bag-type filling can effectively control the amount of filling body, and more economical sand-cement ratio and cementing agent can be used, and at the same time, there is no need to set up a filling retaining wall, the construction process is simple and controllable, and in reducing the filling cost, the air bag separates the caving ore 5 and the filling body, which can prevent the dilution caused by the mixing of the filling material and the ore during the mining blasting.

[0036] In some embodiments, a pressure relief valve is provided on the air bag, as the filling material slurry is continuously injected, the gas in the air bag is continuously discharged through the pressure relief valve, and the pressure in the air bag is kept stable until the filling material slurry fills the entire air bag. The microbial bacteria solution is added to the filling material slurry, and the microbial bacteria solution and the filling material slurry undergo mineralization reaction. Due to the interfacial reaction, a biomimetic calcium carbonate layer is first formed on the inner surface of the air bag, and at the same time, water is consumed to achieve the consolidation of the filling material slurry.

[0037] The above setting has the following advantages: 1) the filling material is injected into the air bag for curing, and the MICP technology is used to consume water to achieve the consolidation of the filling material, and a permanent filling body is formed, so that additional drainage facilities are not needed, and the filling cost is greatly reduced; 2) the added microbial bacteria solution will undergo mineralization reaction with the filling material, and a high-strength biomimetic calcium carbonate layer similar to eggshell is first formed on the inner surface of the air bag, the biomimetic calcium carbonate layer wraps the filling body to form a wall protection structure, which can effectively prevent the impact caused by blasting from causing large-area collapse of the filling body and affecting ore recovery, and can also strengthen the strength of the filling body and reduce the amount of cement and other cementitious materials in the filling material, further reducing the filling operation cost; 3) the filling body is wrapped by the air bag made of flexible material, which can effectively absorb the blasting stress wave generated by the subsequent ore body blasting and mining, so that the attenuated stress wave will not damage the filling body, effectively ensuring the safety of mining.

[0038] Referring to Figure 1In some other embodiments, the air bag comprises several independent air chambers distributed vertically, and the air bag is provided with an inflation nozzle, a pressure relief valve and a slurry filling nozzle corresponding to each independent air chamber. The air bag is inflated through the inflation nozzle, and the slurry is filled into the air bag through the slurry filling nozzle. Control valves are arranged on the inflation nozzle and the slurry filling nozzle to control the interruption and opening of the inflation and slurry filling. When the goaf is formed, the upper independent air chamber is first inflated to support the upper and lower disc surrounding rocks. In order to facilitate the transportation of the ore, the lowermost independent air chamber is not inflated first. After the lower falling ore 5 is mined, the lowermost independent air chamber is inflated to make the air bag completely adhere to the upper and lower disc surrounding rocks. A space of 3-5m is left between the air bag and the ore to be mined 6 to ensure the free surface of blasting and the ventilation of the stope.

[0039] It can be understood that, in actual application, a cemented cushion layer 11 is laid on the air bag to provide a platform for the subsequent sublevel stoping and the arrangement of the next air bag.

[0040] Specifically, the material of the entire air bag is flexible material, which can meet the requirements of the complex shape goaf formed by the blasting of the metal ore mining and the adhesion support. Specifically, the air bag comprises a flexible bag body and a flexible rubber plate wrapped outside the flexible bag body. The flexible rubber plate added on the surface of the flexible bag body can prevent the sharp corners of the rock from piercing the bag body. In addition, the air bag forms a closed filling space. Pressure sensors (not shown in the figure) are arranged on the inner surface and inside the air bag. The state parameter changes of the filling slurry are monitored through the pressure sensors. Combined with intelligent algorithms, the state of the filling body can be monitored and optimized. The problem of the "blind box" in the internal filling of the stope is changed, and intelligent filling operation is realized.

[0041] Specifically, the ore drawing approach 3 is excavated at the sublevel along the vein roadway 2. The sublevel drilling roadway 4 is formed by drawing the bottom along the ore body direction. The sublevel stope is connected to the stope bottom through the draw shaft 10. The ore is mined when the sublevel stope retreats from one side to the other side. The adjacent ore rooms can be arranged for simultaneous mining. When the ore is mined, the cutting groove is first formed on one side. The upward blast hole 9 is drilled in the sublevel drilling roadway 4 through the drilling jumbo. The distance between the blast holes 9 is 1.5m. The ore is blasted and drawn on one side with the cutting groove as the free surface. The step distance of the once mining and drawing is 5m-8m. When the ore is drawn, the upper sublevel loading equipment loads the ore and then leads the ore into the sublevel draw shaft 10 to the bottom sublevel. The ore is transported to the stage transportation roadway 1 by the ore truck. The ore is transported to the main draw shaft 10 or the ground.

[0042] Referring to Figures 1-5 The sublevel stoping and drawing method for the broken surrounding rock and steeply inclined thin ore body proposed in the present application specifically comprises the following processes:

[0043] The ore room is arranged along the ore body, with a length of 50m and a width of the thickness of the ore body; the ore room is divided into sublevel stope according to the sublevel height of 10m, and the sublevel drift 2 is vertically arranged along the ore body; each sublevel is drilled to form the ore access 3 close to the footwall of the ore body; the sublevel stope is retreated from one side to the other side, and the adjacent ore rooms can be arranged to simultaneously retreat;

[0044] ①During the retreat, first, the cutting groove is formed on one side, and then the upward medium-length blast hole 9 is drilled in the sublevel drift 4 by the small drilling jumbo, with a hole spacing of 1.5m; the blasting is performed to one side with the cutting groove as the free surface, and the once retreat step distance is 5m-8m;

[0045] ②After the blasting is completed, the fresh air flow passes through the ore access 3 from the sublevel drift 2 to the stope, and then flows out from the upper sublevel drift 4 to the stope after the stope is washed along the sublevel drift 4;

[0046] ③After the ventilation is completed, the workers arrange the unfilled air bag 7 through the upper sublevel drift 4 to quickly form the support of the stope surrounding rock, and the lowermost air chamber of the air bag is not inflated to leave the ore discharge space for the stope;

[0047] ④During the ore discharge, the upper sublevel small shovel equipment shovels the ore and then passes through the ore access 3 to the bottom sublevel chute 10, and the ore is transported to the stage transportation roadway 1 by the ore truck, and then the ore is transported to the main chute 10 or the ground;

[0048] ⑤After the ore discharge is completed, the workers inflate all the air chambers of the air bag, and after the three air chambers of the air bag are completely inflated, the filling material is filled into the air bag through the slurry filling nozzle after the next retreat blasting (before the next air bag is laid), and after the filling material is solidified, the filled air bag 8 is formed, and a 0.4m-thick cemented cushion layer 11 is laid above to provide a platform for the next air bag arrangement and the subsequent sublevel retreat.

[0049] Any technical solution disclosed in the present application, unless otherwise stated, if a numerical range is disclosed, the disclosed numerical range is a preferred numerical range, and any person skilled in the art should understand that the preferred numerical range is only one of the many implementable values with more obvious technical effects or representative values. Since there are too many values, it is impossible to enumerate them, so the present application discloses some values to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and the above-mentioned enumerated values should not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present application.

[0050] Meanwhile, if the present application discloses or involves mutually fixedly connected parts or structural members, unless otherwise stated, the fixed connection can be understood as: detachably fixed connection (for example, using bolt or screw connection), and can also be understood as: non-detachable fixed connection (for example, riveting, welding), of course, the mutually fixed connection can also be replaced by an integral structure (for example, integrally formed by using casting process) (obviously, except for the cases where integral forming process cannot be used).

[0051] In addition, the terms used to represent the positional relationship or shape in any of the technical solutions disclosed in the present application include the approximate, similar or close state or shape, unless otherwise stated. Any component provided by the present application can be assembled from multiple individual components or manufactured as a single component by integral forming process.

[0052] The above embodiments are only examples for clearly illustrating the present application, and are not limitations on the embodiments. Based on the above description, other different forms of changes or variations can also be made by those skilled in the art. Here, it is neither necessary nor possible to exhaust all the embodiments. The obvious changes or variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for mining thin, steeply dipping ore bodies in fractured surrounding rock using a pocket-type backfilling technique, characterized in that: Divide the ore body into blocks along the strike of the ore body. Each block is divided into sub-mining areas along the vertical direction. Each sub-mining area is drilled and ore is extracted through sub-drilling tunnels (4). Sub-mining is carried out by retreating in sections and ore is extracted by shovel loading equipment. Mining is carried out when retreating from one side to the other in the sub-mining area. Multiple mining areas are arranged in adjacent blocks for simultaneous mining. During the mining process of each mining step, the exposed area of ​​the roof is controlled by using airbags to synchronously fill the goaf. After the mining is completed, the filling slurry is directly filled into the airbags to complete the filling of the goaf. After the filling material is solidified, the retreat mining continues until the mining and filling of the entire mining area is completed. A pressure relief valve is installed on the airbag. As the filling slurry is continuously injected, the gas inside the airbag is continuously discharged through the pressure relief valve, and the pressure inside the airbag is kept stable until the filling slurry fills the entire airbag. Microbial liquid is added to the filling slurry. The microbial liquid reacts with the filling slurry to form a biomimetic calcium carbonate layer on the inner surface of the airbag. At the same time, water is consumed to achieve the solidification of the filling slurry. The airbag consists of a flexible bladder and a flexible rubber sheet covering the flexible bladder. The airbag includes several independent air chambers distributed vertically. When the goaf is formed, the upper independent air chamber is first inflated to make the airbag support the surrounding rock of the upper and lower plates. After the lower collapsed ore (5) is mined out, the lowermost independent air chamber is inflated to make the airbag fit completely against the surrounding rock of the upper and lower plates.

2. The method for mining thin, steeply dipping ore bodies in fractured surrounding rock using a pocket-type backfilling technique according to claim 1, characterized in that: Fresh air flows from the segmental vein roadway (2) through the ore exit roadway (3) into the mining area, washes the mining area along the segmental drilling roadway (4), and flows out from the blasted goaf area to the next segmental drilling roadway (4).

3. The method for mining thin, steeply dipping ore bodies in fractured surrounding rock using a pocket-type backfilling technique according to claim 2, characterized in that: A 3-5m gap is left between the airbags in the goaf and the ore to be mined (6) to ensure the free face of the blasting and the ventilation of the mining area.

4. The method for mining thin, steeply dipping ore bodies in fractured surrounding rock using a pocket-type backfilling technique according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A bonded pad layer (11) is laid on top of the airbag to provide a platform for the next airbag placement and subsequent segmented mining.

5. The method for mining thin, steeply dipping ore bodies in fractured surrounding rock using a pocket-type backfilling technique according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: During the mining process, a cutting groove is first formed on one side, and then upward blast holes (9) are drilled in the segmented rock drilling roadway (4) using a rock drilling rig. The spacing between the blast holes (9) is 1.5m. The ore is blasted and dropped to one side with the cutting groove as the free face. The ore blasting step distance for each mining operation is 5m-8m.

6. The method for mining thin, steeply dipping ore bodies in fractured surrounding rock using a pocket-type backfilling technique according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When the ore is extracted, the upper section loading equipment loads the ore and then guides it through the ore extraction roadway (3) to the bottom section of the ore pass. The bottom section is then transported by loading trucks to the stage transport roadway (1) to transport the ore to the main ore pass or the surface.

7. The method for mining thin, steeply dipping ore bodies in fractured surrounding rock using a pocket-type backfilling technique according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The ore-exit roadway (3) is excavated at the segmented vein roadway (2). The bottom is pulled along the direction of the ore body in each segment to form segmented rock drilling roadways (4). The sections are connected to the bottom of the mining area via ore pass.

Images