Unified calculation method for explosive consumption for underwater blasting, underground bedrock outburst and open-pit blasting

Abstract

The present invention discloses a unified calculation method for explosives consumption per unit for underwater blasting, underground bedrock outbursts, and open-pit blasting. The method is applicable to fields such as mining, tunnel excavation, underground space development and utilization, water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and port and shipping engineering. Based on the law of conservation of mass, the present invention derives a medium motion equation. This equation, combined with the reflection and transmission laws of explosion stress waves and rock properties, establishes a specific expression for explosives mass in underwater blasting, underground bedrock outbursts, and open-pit blasting, thereby establishing a unified calculation method for explosives consumption per unit. Using this method in various blasting projects, the actual amount of blasting explosives used can be accurately and efficiently determined, providing an effective reference for engineering blasting design and solution optimization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of blasting and is applicable to application scenarios such as mining, tunnel excavation, underground space development and utilization, water conservancy and hydropower project construction, and port and shipping projects. It particularly relates to a unified calculation method for the unit consumption of explosives for underwater blasting, underground bedrock protrusions, and open-pit blasting. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the national economy, resource extraction and transportation construction projects are spreading across the country. Drilling and blasting remains the primary method for rock breaking, offering advantages such as cost-effectiveness, high efficiency, and strong adaptability. Designing the unit consumption of blasting explosives is a crucial step in rock breaking using drilling and blasting, impacting not only the rock breaking results but also project costs. Therefore, determining the unit consumption of blasting explosives is a crucial research topic.

[0003] Existing calculation methods for explosive consumption vary for underground bedrock blasting, open-pit blasting, and underwater blasting. There's no single, unified approach, and most are based on empirical formulas and blasting tests, lacking theoretical support. For example, blasting in rock and soil uses empirical formulas such as those from Borekov, Vlasov, and Saramaxin, while underwater blasting uses empirical formulas such as the Practical Manual of Engineering Blasting. Therefore, a unified method for calculating explosive consumption for different blasting scenarios is needed, one that not only theoretically derives the explosive consumption for each blasting scenario but also reconciles it with empirical formulas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a unified calculation method for the unit consumption of explosives for underwater blasting, underground bedrock protrusion and open-pit blasting, which can not only derive different blasting conditions from theory, but also be consistent with the calculation results of empirical formulas.

[0005] The unified calculation method for explosive consumption for underwater blasting, underground bedrock outburst and open-pit blasting of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Determine the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the rock layer based on physical and mechanical tests, and determine the critical particle velocity v of the rock layer medium a according to the test explosion results. kr ;

[0007] Step 2: Identify the type of medium b in the upper layer of the rock mass, and calculate the critical particle velocity v of medium a according to the stress wave transmission and reflection law. kr Obtain the particle velocity amplitude B1 of the incident wave during underground bedrock blasting, open-pit blasting or underwater blasting;

[0008] Step 3: Based on the law of conservation of mass, the motion equation of the blast wave acting on the rock medium is obtained, and the velocity of the incident particle is substituted into the motion equation of the medium to calculate the amount of explosives W1 required to break the rock;

[0009] Step 4: Calculate the amount of explosives W2 required to move the broken rocks by the explosion according to the law of conservation of energy;

[0010] Step 5: Calculate the total amount of explosives W according to steps 3 and 4 to calculate the unit consumption of blasting explosives Q;

[0011] Explosive quantity, blasting action index n and minimum resistance line ω for underground bedrock blasting, open-pit blasting and underwater blasting k The relevant functions are as follows:

[0012]

[0013] Where f1(n) is a function related to the amount of explosives required to break the rock and form a blasting funnel, and f2(n) is a function related to the amount of explosives required to move the broken rock. The unified calculation formula for the unit explosive consumption Q under different blasting conditions is as follows:

[0014]

[0015] V 漏斗 represents the volume of the blasting funnel,

[0016] The specific calculation of step 2 is as follows:

[0017] (1) If the upper layer medium b of the rock mass is a soil layer, that is, the underground bedrock is blasted, then the transmission and reflection relationship of the explosion stress wave at the interface between the rock layer and the soil layer satisfies the following relationship:

[0018]

[0019] Wherein, B1 is the particle velocity amplitude of the incident wave, B2 is the particle velocity amplitude of the reflected longitudinal wave, B3 is the particle velocity amplitude of the reflected shear wave, B4 is the particle velocity amplitude of the transmitted longitudinal wave, and B5 is the particle velocity amplitude of the transmitted shear wave; α1 is the incident angle of the wave, α2 is the reflection angle of the longitudinal wave, α3 is the transmission angle of the shear wave, α4 is the transmission angle of the longitudinal wave, and α5 is the transmission angle of the shear wave, satisfying Snell's law; V pa is the longitudinal wave velocity in the rock medium a, V sa is the shear wave velocity in the rock medium a, V pb is the longitudinal wave velocity in the rock medium b and V sb is the shear wave velocity in the rock medium b, which is calculated using the Lame constant; ρ a is the density of the rock medium a, ρ b is the density of the upper layer medium b of the rock mass;

[0020] Crushing critical particle velocity v in bedrock kr The following relationships exist with B1, B2, and B3:

[0021]

[0022] According to the relationship between stress wave transmission and reflection, B2 and B3 are expressed by B1, and the expressed B2 and B3 are substituted into the above formula to obtain the critical particle velocity v of bedrock fracture. kr The relationship with B1 is: v kr =S f B1, S f is the critical particle velocity v kr The ratio relative to the incident particle velocity amplitude B1;

[0023] (2) If the medium b in the upper layer of the rock mass is air, i.e., open-air blasting, the transmission and reflection relationship of the explosion stress wave at the rock-air interface satisfies the following relationship:

[0024]

[0025] Wherein, “'” represents that the upper medium b is air; the meanings of the other symbols are the same as in step (1);

[0026] Crushing critical particle velocity v in bedrock kr The relationship with B'1, B'2 and B'3 is as follows:

[0027]

[0028] According to the relationship between stress wave transmission and reflection, B'2 and B'3 are expressed by B'1, and the expressed B'2 and B'3 are substituted into the above formula to obtain the critical particle velocity v of bedrock fracture kr The relationship with B'1 is: kr =S' f B'1, S' f is the critical particle velocity v kr The ratio relative to the incident particle velocity amplitude B'1;

[0029] (3) If the upper layer of the rock mass medium b is a water layer, that is, underwater blasting, the transmission and reflection relationship of the explosion stress wave at the interface between the rock layer and the water layer satisfies the following relationship:

[0030]

[0031] Wherein, “″” represents that the upper layer medium is water; the meanings of other symbols are the same as those in step (1);

[0032] Crushing critical particle velocity v in bedrock kr The relationship with B"1, B"2 and B"3 is as follows:

[0033]

[0034] According to the relationship between stress wave transmission and reflection, B”2 and B”3 are expressed by B”1, and the expressed B”2 and B”3 are substituted into the above formula to obtain the critical particle velocity v of bedrock fracture kr The relationship with B"1 is denoted as v kr =S” f B”1, S” f is the critical particle velocity v kr The ratio relative to the incident particle velocity amplitude B1".

[0035] The specific calculation of step 3 is as follows:

[0036] According to the law of conservation of mass, the partial differential equation of the blasting wave on the micro-element rock mass is established as follows:

[0037]

[0038] Where F and v are the force and particle velocity on the spherical unit at a distance R from the center of the spherical charge, t is time, and ρ is the rock density;

[0039] In the explosion of spherical, cylindrical and planar charges, F is expressed as F = F (R), and the following relationship exists:

[0040] The value of s is determined by the shape of the drug package. The values of s for spherical, cylindrical, and flat drug packages are 3, 2, and 1, respectively.

[0041] It is usually believed that the density of a certain type of rock mass ρ = ρ a is a constant. When t=0, the distance from the center of the drug package is the radius R of the drug package. w , the particle velocity is the explosion product jet velocity v x If the explosive charge is spherical and s=3, the equation of motion when the blasting wave acts on the rock medium is:

[0042]

[0043] Among them, R w is the radius of the spherical charge; v x is the jet velocity of explosion products, v x =(2Q w ) 0.5 , Q w for the explosive heat;

[0044] The amount of explosives W1 required to break the rock during underground bedrock blasting is:

[0045]

[0046] Among them, ρw is the density of explosives; n is the blasting effect index; ω k The line of least resistance;

[0047] If B1' or B1" is substituted into the equation of motion when the blasting wave acts on the rock medium, the amount of explosive W1 required to break the rock by open-pit blasting or underwater blasting can be calculated, which is the same as the above formula.

[0048] The specific calculation of step 4 is as follows:

[0049] (1) For underground bedrock blasting, the rock and soil outside the impact range are not affected after the blasting. The influence of the soil medium outside the impact range on the promotion of broken rocks is not considered. The energy of the explosive explosion is converted into the potential energy of the rock:

[0050] WQ w =mgh

[0051] Where W2 is the amount of explosives required to push and crush the rock and soil layer, m is the mass of the crushed rock and soil layer, h is the upward pushing distance, and g is the acceleration due to gravity;

[0052] When the blasting stress wave affects the range R b When the thickness is less than the soil layer H, use R b Calculate the volume and mass of the affected soil layer of the overburden; when the blasting stress wave affects the range R b When the soil layer thickness H is exceeded, H is used to calculate the volume and mass of the affected soil layer in the overlying layer;

[0053] The explosion stress wave is transmitted from the medium interface to the upper medium b. The stress wave at the medium interface is σ bm , the stress wave attenuation in the upper medium b satisfies the following formula:

[0054]

[0055] Among them, R b is the distance to the medium interface, ζ b is the attenuation index in the upper medium b, ν is Poisson's ratio; R w is the radius of the spherical charge;

[0056] Attenuation of stress waves in soil layers σ b is σ bm 10%, the impact range of the explosion stress wave is R b for:

[0057]

[0058] Assume that the impact range of the explosion stress wave above the blasting funnel interface is R bThe soil layers within the area are affected and simplified into a rectangular area. The soil and broken rocks in the area are pushed upward by h, making a bulging motion. The amount of explosives W2 required to push the broken rocks by the explosion is determined as:

[0059]

[0060] (2) In open-air blasting, the amount of explosives W2 required to push the broken rocks into motion is:

[0061]

[0062] (3) During the formation of underwater blasting funnel, the resistance caused by water pressure on the rock surface will consume part of the explosives. The amount of explosives used to break the rock and the amount of explosives consumed by water pressure resistance are:

[0063]

[0064] In the underground bedrock blasting, open-pit blasting and underwater blasting, f1(n) and f2(n) are respectively as follows:

[0065] Underground bedrock blasting:

[0066]

[0067] Open-pit blasting:

[0068]

[0069] Underwater Demolition:

[0070]

[0071] Compared with the background technology, this technical solution has the following technical effects:

[0072] The present invention derives the medium motion equation based on the law of conservation of mass, combines this equation with the reflection and transmission laws of explosion stress waves and rock properties to establish a specific expression for the mass of explosives in underwater blasting, underground bedrock protrusions, and open-pit blasting, and determines a unified calculation method for explosives consumption. The unified calculation method for explosives consumption provided by the present invention can accurately and efficiently determine the actual amount of blasting explosives used in various blasting projects, providing an effective reference for engineering blasting design and scheme optimization. The present invention takes into account factors such as the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass, the performance of the explosives, and the specific conditions of the project, obtains the parameters of the rock mass through experiments, and obtains a unified calculation method for explosives consumption in underwater blasting, underground bedrock protrusions, and open-pit blasting based on the stress wave propagation law and the medium motion equation. This method is simple and ingenious, highly practical, has an outstanding theoretical basis, and is more versatile than empirical formulas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0073] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of stress wave propagation at the interface between the blasting funnel and the rock-soil medium in the present invention;

[0074] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of stress wave propagation at the interface between the blasting funnel and the rock-air medium in the present invention;

[0075] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of stress wave propagation at the interface between the blasting funnel and the rock-water layer medium in the present invention;

[0076] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the explosives used in the present invention pushing and breaking rocks;

[0077] Figure 5 A comparison chart of explosive unit consumption for underground bedrock blasting and open-pit blasting in an embodiment of the present invention and explosive unit consumption for empirical formula;

[0078] Figure 6 A comparison chart of explosive unit consumption for underwater blasting according to an embodiment of the present invention and explosive unit consumption according to an empirical formula;

[0079] Figure 7 Parameter table of rock medium a and soil medium b in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 8 Parameter table of ammonium nitrate explosive in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0081] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0082] The present invention provides a unified calculation method for explosive consumption for underwater blasting, underground bedrock outburst and open-pit blasting, comprising the following steps:

[0083] Step 1: Determine the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the rock layer based on physical and mechanical tests, and determine the critical particle velocity v of the rock layer medium a according to the test explosion results. kr ;

[0084] Step 2: Identify the type of medium b in the upper layer of the rock mass, and calculate the critical particle velocity v of medium a according to the stress wave transmission and reflection law. kr Obtain the particle velocity amplitude B1 of the incident wave during underground bedrock blasting, open-pit blasting, or underwater blasting; the specific calculation is as follows:

[0085] (1) If the upper layer medium b of the rock mass is a soil layer, that is, the underground bedrock is blasted, then the transmission and reflection relationship of the explosion stress wave at the interface between the rock layer and the soil layer satisfies the following relationship:

[0086]

[0087] Wherein, B1 is the particle velocity amplitude of the incident wave, B2 is the particle velocity amplitude of the reflected longitudinal wave, B3 is the particle velocity amplitude of the reflected shear wave, B4 is the particle velocity amplitude of the transmitted longitudinal wave, and B5 is the particle velocity amplitude of the transmitted shear wave; α1 is the incident angle of the wave, α2 is the reflection angle of the longitudinal wave, α3 is the transmission angle of the shear wave, α4 is the transmission angle of the longitudinal wave, and α5 is the transmission angle of the shear wave, satisfying Snell's law; V pa is the longitudinal wave velocity in the rock medium a, V sa is the shear wave velocity in the rock medium a, V pb is the longitudinal wave velocity in the rock medium b and V sb is the shear wave velocity in the rock medium b, which is calculated using the Lame constant; ρ a is the density of the rock medium a, ρ b is the density of the upper layer medium b of the rock mass;

[0088] Crushing critical particle velocity v in bedrock kr The following relationships exist with B1, B2, and B3:

[0089]

[0090] According to the relationship between stress wave transmission and reflection, B2 and B3 are expressed by B1, and the expressed B2 and B3 are substituted into the above formula to obtain the critical particle velocity v of bedrock fracture. kr The relationship with B1 is simplified as: v kr =S f B1, S f is the critical particle velocity v kr The ratio relative to the incident particle velocity amplitude B1;

[0091] (2) If the medium b in the upper layer of the rock mass is air, i.e., open-air blasting, the transmission and reflection relationship of the explosion stress wave at the rock-air interface satisfies the following relationship:

[0092]

[0093] Here, “'” represents that the upper medium b is air; the meanings of the other symbols are the same as in step (1).

[0094] Crushing critical particle velocity v in bedrock kr The relationship between B1', B'2 and B3' is as follows:

[0095]

[0096] According to the relationship between stress wave transmission and reflection, B1' is used to express B'2 and B3'. Substituting the expressed B2' and B3' into the above formula, the critical particle velocity v of bedrock fracture is obtained. kr The relationship with B1' is: vkr =S f '·B1', S f ' is the critical particle velocity v kr The ratio relative to the incident particle velocity amplitude B1';

[0097] (3) If the upper layer of the rock mass medium b is a water layer, that is, underwater blasting, the transmission and reflection relationship of the explosion stress wave at the interface between the rock layer and the water layer satisfies the following relationship:

[0098]

[0099] Among them, “”” represents that the upper layer medium is water; the meanings of other symbols are the same as in step (1).

[0100] Crushing critical particle velocity v in bedrock kr The relationship between B1", B2", and B3" is as follows:

[0101]

[0102] According to the relationship between stress wave transmission and reflection, B”2 and B”3 are expressed by B”1, and the expressed B”2 and B”3 are substituted into the above formula to obtain the critical particle velocity v of bedrock fracture kr The relationship with B"1 is denoted as v kr =S” f B”1, S” f is the critical particle velocity v kr The ratio relative to the incident particle velocity amplitude B1".

[0103] Step 3: Based on the law of conservation of mass, the motion equation of the blast wave acting on the rock medium is obtained. The velocity of the incident particle is substituted into the motion equation of the medium to calculate the amount of explosives required to break the rock. The specific calculation is as follows:

[0104] According to the law of conservation of mass, the partial differential equation of the blasting wave on the micro-element rock mass is established as follows:

[0105]

[0106] Where F and v are the force and particle velocity on the spherical unit at a distance R from the center of the spherical charge, t is time, and ρ is the rock density;

[0107] In the explosion of spherical, cylindrical and planar charges, F is expressed as F = F (R), and the following relationship exists:

[0108] Among them, s is determined by the shape of the drug package. The values of s for spherical, cylindrical, and flat drug packages are 3, 2, and 1, respectively.

[0109] It is usually believed that the density of a certain type of rock mass ρ = ρ a is a constant. When t=0, the distance from the center of the drug package is the radius R of the drug package. w , the particle velocity is the explosion product jet velocity v x If the explosive charge is spherical and s=3, the equation of motion when the blasting wave acts on the rock medium is:

[0110]

[0111] Among them, R w is the radius of the spherical charge; v x is the jet velocity of explosion products, v x =(2Q w ) 0.5 , Q w for the explosive heat;

[0112] The amount of explosives W1 required to break the rock during underground bedrock blasting is:

[0113]

[0114] Among them, ρ w is the density of explosives; n is the blasting effect index; ω k The line of least resistance;

[0115] If B1' or B1" is substituted into the equation of motion when the blast wave acts on the rock medium, the amount of explosive W1 required to break the rock by open-pit blasting or underwater blasting can be calculated, which is the same as the above formula;

[0116] Step 4: Calculate the amount of explosives required to move the broken rock by the explosion according to the law of conservation of energy;

[0117] (1) For underground bedrock blasting, the rock and soil outside the impact range will not be affected after the blasting, and the influence of the soil medium outside the impact range on the promotion of broken rocks will not be considered, such as Figure 4 As shown, the energy of the explosive explosion is converted into the potential energy of the rock:

[0118] WQ w =mgh

[0119] Where W2 is the amount of explosives required to push and crush the rock and soil layer, m is the mass of the crushed rock and soil layer, h is the upward pushing distance, and g is the acceleration due to gravity;

[0120] The stress wave decays in the soil layer as σ bm When the explosion is 10% of the original value, the explosion will no longer affect it, and the impact range of the explosion stress wave can be determined. b ; When the blasting stress wave influence range is smaller than the soil thickness H, that is, R b ≤H, use Rb Calculate the volume and mass of the affected soil layer of the overlying layer; when the impact range of the blasting stress wave exceeds the soil layer thickness H, use H to calculate the volume and mass of the affected soil layer of the overlying layer;

[0121] The explosion stress wave is transmitted from the medium interface to the upper medium b (soil layer). The stress wave at the medium interface is σ bm , the stress wave attenuation in the upper medium b (soil layer) satisfies the following formula:

[0122]

[0123] Among them, R b is the distance to the medium interface, ζ b is the attenuation index in the upper medium b, ν is Poisson's ratio; R w is the radius of the spherical charge;

[0124] Calculate the impact range R of the explosion stress wave b :

[0125]

[0126] Assume that the impact range of the explosion stress wave above the blasting funnel interface is R b The soil layers within the area are affected and simplified into a rectangular area. The soil and broken rocks in the area are pushed upward by h, making a bulging motion. The amount of explosives W2 required to push the broken rocks by the explosion is determined as:

[0127]

[0128] (2) In open-air blasting, the amount of explosives W2 required to push the broken rocks into motion is:

[0129]

[0130] (3) During the formation of underwater blasting funnel, the resistance caused by water pressure on the rock surface will consume part of the explosives. The amount of explosives used to break the rock and the amount of explosives consumed by water pressure resistance are:

[0131]

[0132] Step 5: Calculate the total amount of explosives W according to steps 3 and 4 to calculate the unit consumption of blasting explosives Q;

[0133] Explosive quantity, blasting action index n and minimum resistance line ω for underground bedrock blasting, open-pit blasting and underwater blasting k The relevant functions are as follows:

[0134]

[0135] Where f1(n) is a function related to the amount of explosives required to break the rock and form a blasting funnel, and f2(n) is a function related to the amount of explosives required to move the broken rock. In underground bedrock blasting, open-pit blasting, and underwater blasting, f1(n) and f2(n) are respectively as follows:

[0136] Underground bedrock blasting:

[0137]

[0138] Open-pit blasting:

[0139]

[0140] Underwater Demolition:

[0141]

[0142] The unified calculation formula for explosive consumption Q under different blasting conditions is as follows:

[0143]

[0144] V 漏斗 represents the volume of the blasting funnel,

[0145] Example

[0146] This embodiment calculates the unit consumption of explosives for underground bedrock outbursts, open-pit blasting, and underwater blasting based on the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass. The calculated results are compared and analyzed with those calculated using empirical formulas, demonstrating that the calculated results of the present invention are highly consistent with those calculated using empirical formulas. The embodiment has practical significance and can be used in blasting engineering design and optimization.

[0147] 1. The basic physical and mechanical parameters of medium a, rock mass and rock mass soil layer medium b are as follows Figure 7 As shown, the parameters of ammonium nitrate explosives are as follows Figure 8 As shown;

[0148] 2. Determine the type of the upper layer medium b of the rock mass and consider that the thickness of the upper layer medium b is sufficient. According to the transmission and reflection law of stress waves, the velocity of the incident particle is obtained. Figures 1 to 3 Schematic diagram of stress wave propagation at the interface between the blasting funnel and different media; according to the different types of the upper layer medium b of the rock mass, the incident particle velocity v is calculated respectively. kr , see step 2 for details;

[0149] 3. Based on the law of conservation of mass, derive the motion equation of the blast wave acting on the rock medium, and substitute the incident particle velocity into the medium motion equation to calculate the amount of explosives required to break the rock, see step 3;

[0150] 4. Calculate the amount of explosives needed to move the broken rock using the law of conservation of energy, see step 4;

[0151] 5. The unified calculation formula for explosive unit consumption Q under different blasting conditions is as follows:

[0152]

[0153] V 漏斗 represents the volume of the blasting funnel,

[0154] 6. Various empirical formulas are as follows:

[0155] Boreksev's empirical formula:

[0156]

[0157] Vlasov's empirical formula:

[0158]

[0159] Sarah Maxine's empirical formula:

[0160]

[0161] Among them, k3 is the empirical coefficient, which is 1.27kg / m 3 .

[0162] The empirical formula for underwater blasting in the Practical Handbook of Engineering Blasting:

[0163]

[0164] Among them, K5 is the unit explosive consumption coefficient of underwater blasting, which is 1.50kg / m 3 , θ is the slope of the bottom rock surface, which is in degrees. The rock surface level is 0, and the meanings of the other symbols are the same as above.

[0165] Since the calculation results of the embodiment of the present invention are consistent with the calculation results of the empirical formula, Figure 5 and Figure 6In underground bedrock and open-pit blasting, the explosive consumption calculated by Vlasov's empirical formula is consistent with the explosive consumption calculated by the present invention at a small blasting index n, but differs greatly at a large blasting index n. However, the calculation results by Boreksev's empirical formula and Saramaxin's empirical formula are highly consistent with the calculation results of the present invention. The maximum relative errors of the explosive consumption calculated at the rock-soil interface are 25.39% and 23.93%, respectively, and the average relative errors are 8.98% and 9.85%, respectively. The maximum relative errors of the explosive consumption calculated at the rock-air interface are 23.29% and 25.08%, respectively, and the average relative errors are 13.15% and 12.08%, respectively. In underwater blasting, the maximum error relative to the empirical formula is 20.58%, the minimum error is 0.81%, and the average error is around 10%. The error result is within the allowable range, which fully proves the accuracy and applicability of the unified calculation method for explosive unit consumption in underwater blasting, underground bedrock outburst and open-pit blasting in the present invention.

[0166] Although the above describes the specific calculation and implementation methods of the unified calculation method for explosive consumption of underwater blasting, underground bedrock protrusion and open-pit blasting in the present invention, technicians familiar with this technical field should understand that the specific embodiments described herein are only illustrative and are not used to limit the scope of use of the present invention. Equivalent modifications and changes made by technicians familiar with this field in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A unified calculation method for explosive consumption for underwater blasting, underground bedrock outburst and open-pit blasting, characterized by The steps include: Step 1: Determine the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock formation based on physical and mechanical tests, and determine the rock formation medium based on the test explosion results. a Crushing critical particle velocity v kr ; Step 2: Identify the upper layer of the rock mass b Type, and according to the stress wave transmission and reflection law combined with the medium a Crushing critical particle velocity v kr Obtain the particle velocity amplitude of the incident wave during underground bedrock blasting, open-pit blasting or underwater blasting B 1; Step 3: Based on the law of conservation of mass, the motion equation of the blast wave acting on the rock medium is obtained, and the velocity of the incident particle is substituted into the medium motion equation to calculate the amount of explosives required to break the rock. W 1; Step 4: Calculate the amount of explosives needed to move the broken rocks according to the law of conservation of energy. W 2; Step 5: Calculate the total amount of explosives according to steps 3 and 4 Calculate the unit consumption of blasting explosives ; Explosive quantity and blasting effect index for underground bedrock blasting, open-pit blasting and underwater blasting n and the line of least resistance ω k The relevant functions are as follows: in, f 1( n ) is a function related to the amount of explosives required to break the rock into a blasting funnel. f 2( n ) is a function related to the amount of explosives required to move the broken rock, so the unit consumption of explosives under different blasting conditions is The unified calculation formula is as follows: represents the volume of the blasting funnel, .

2. The unified calculation method for explosive consumption for underwater blasting, underground bedrock outburst and open-pit blasting according to claim 1 is characterized in that The specific calculation of step 2 is as follows: (1) If the upper layer of the rock mass b For soil layer, that is, underground bedrock blasting, the transmission and reflection relationship of the explosion stress wave at the interface between rock layer and soil layer medium satisfies the following relationship: in, B 1 is the particle velocity amplitude of the incident wave, B 2 is the particle velocity amplitude of the reflected longitudinal wave, B 3 is the particle velocity amplitude of the reflected shear wave, B 4 is the particle velocity amplitude of the transmitted longitudinal wave and B 5 is the particle velocity amplitude of the transmitted shear wave; α 1 is the incident angle of the wave, α 2 is the longitudinal wave reflection angle, α 3 is the shear wave transmission angle, α 4 is the longitudinal wave transmission angle and α 5 is the shear wave transmission angle, which satisfies Snell’s law; V pa It is a rock medium a The longitudinal wave velocity in V sa is the shear wave velocity in the rock medium a, V pb is the longitudinal wave velocity in the rock medium b and V sb is the shear wave velocity in the rock medium b, calculated using the Lame constant; is the density of rock medium a, is the density of the upper layer medium b of the rock mass; Crushing critical mass velocity in bedrock v kr and B 1. B 2 and B 3The following relationship exists: According to the relationship between stress wave transmission and reflection, B 1 general B 2 and B 3 is expressed, and the expressed B 2. B 3 Substitute into the above formula to obtain the critical particle velocity of bedrock crushing v kr and B 1, recorded as: v kr = S f · B 1, S f is the critical particle velocity of the crushing v kr Relative to the incident particle velocity amplitude B 1 ratio; (2) If the upper layer of the rock mass b If the blasting is air, that is, open-air blasting, the transmission and reflection relationship of the explosion stress wave at the rock-air interface satisfies the following relationship: Among them, "'" represents the upper medium b is air; the meanings of other symbols are the same as in step (1); Crushing critical mass velocity in bedrock v kr and 、 and There are the following relationships: According to the relationship between stress wave transmission and reflection, Will and express, express B ' 2 and B ' 3Substitute the above formula to obtain the critical particle velocity of bedrock crushing v kr and B ' 1, recorded as: v kr = S' f · , S' f is the critical particle velocity of the crushing v kr Relative to the incident particle velocity amplitude proportion; (3) If the upper layer of the rock mass b For a water layer, that is, underwater blasting, the transmission and reflection relationship of the explosion stress wave at the interface between the rock layer and the water layer satisfies the following relationship: Among them, "''" represents that the upper medium is water; the meanings of other symbols are the same as in step (1); Crushing critical mass velocity in bedrock v kr and 、 and There are the following relationships: According to the relationship between stress wave transmission and reflection, B” 1 Will B” 2 and B” 3 express, express B” 2 and B” 3 Substitute the above formula to obtain the critical particle velocity of bedrock crushing v kr and B” 1 The relationship is recorded as v kr = S” f · B” 1 , S” f is the critical particle velocity of the crushing v kr Relative to the incident particle velocity amplitude proportion.

3. The unified calculation method for explosive consumption for underwater blasting, underground bedrock protrusion and open-pit blasting according to claim 2 is characterized in that The specific calculation of step 3 is as follows: According to the law of conservation of mass, the partial differential equation of the blasting wave on the micro-element rock mass is established as follows: Where F and v are the force and particle velocity on the spherical unit at a distance R from the center of the spherical charge, t is time, and ρ is the rock density; In the explosion of spherical, cylindrical and planar charges, F is expressed as F=F(R), and the following relationship exists: Among them, s is determined by the shape of the drug package. The values of s for spherical, cylindrical, and flat drug packages are 3, 2, and 1, respectively. The density of rock mass ρ = ρ a is a constant. When t=0, the distance from the center of the drug package is the radius of the drug package. R w , the particle velocity is the explosion product jet velocity v x If the spherical charge is taken as s=3, the motion equation when the blasting wave acts on the rock medium is solved as follows: in, R w is the radius of the spherical charge; v x is the explosion product jet velocity, v x =(2 Q w ) 0.5 , Q w for the explosive heat; The amount of explosives required to break the rock during underground bedrock blasting is W 1 is: in, ρ w is the density of explosives; n is the blasting effect index; ω k The line of least resistance; If the blast wave acts on the rock mass medium, the motion equation is substituted into B ' 1 or B " 1, then calculate the amount of explosives required for open-pit blasting or underwater blasting to break the rock W 1, which is the same as the above formula.

4. The unified calculation method for explosive consumption for underwater blasting, underground bedrock outburst and open-pit blasting according to claim 3 is characterized in that The specific calculation of step 4 is as follows: (1) For underground bedrock blasting, the rock and soil outside the impact range are not affected after the blasting. The influence of the soil medium outside the impact range on the promotion of broken rocks is not considered. The energy of the explosive explosion is converted into the potential energy of the rock: in, W 2 is the amount of drugs needed to break rocks and soil. m The quality of the broken rock and soil layer, h is the upward pushing distance, g is the acceleration due to gravity; When the blasting stress wave affects the R b When the thickness is less than the soil layer H, use R b Calculate the volume and mass of the affected soil layer of the overburden; when the blasting stress wave affects the range R b When the soil layer thickness H is exceeded, H is used to calculate the volume and mass of the affected soil layer in the overlying layer; The explosion stress wave is transmitted from the medium interface to the upper medium b In the medium interface, the stress wave is σ bm , in the upper medium b The stress wave attenuation satisfies the following formula: in, R b is the distance to the medium interface, ζ b For the upper medium b Medium decay index, , ν is Poisson's ratio; R w is the radius of the spherical charge; Attenuation of stress waves in soil layers for σ bm 10% of the explosion stress wave, the impact range R b for: Assume that the impact range of the explosion stress wave above the blasting funnel interface is R b The soil layers within the area are affected and simplified into a rectangular area. The soil and broken rocks in the area are pushed upward. h , do the bulging movement to determine the amount of explosives needed to push the rock into the blast W 2 is: ； (2) The amount of explosives required to move the broken rocks during open-pit blasting W 2 is: ； (3) During the formation of the underwater blasting funnel, the resistance caused by the water pressure on the rock surface will consume part of the explosives. The amount of explosives used to break the rock and the amount of explosives consumed by the water pressure resistance are: 。 5. The unified calculation method for explosive consumption for underwater blasting, underground bedrock outburst and open-pit blasting according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In underground bedrock blasting, open-pit blasting and underwater blasting, f 1( n )and f 2( n ) are as follows: Underground bedrock blasting: ； Open-pit blasting: ； Underwater Demolition: 。

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