A small-scale ship engine room fire test platform with replaceable wall materials

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of fire safety, and more specifically, to a small-scale ship engine room fire test platform with interchangeable wall materials. The platform comprises an inverted test bench for simulating a ship cabin, a mechanical ventilation system, a fire source system, and a measurement system. Observation windows are provided on both sides of the test bench, one of which is an interchangeable surface. The mechanical ventilation system comprises an air intake fan and an exhaust fan, the air intake fan connected to a pair of air supply ports via an air intake duct, and the exhaust fan connected to a pair of exhaust ports via an exhaust duct. The fire source device comprises an oil pan fire source device and a jet fire source device. The temperature measurement system comprises a thermocouple tree and patch thermocouples, each thermocouple tree comprising single thermocouples uniformly arranged vertically. Repeated experiments are conducted by replacing the interchangeable surface of the ship cabin with different thermal conductivities to obtain the temperature distribution pattern, smoke flow rate, and changes in oxygen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide concentrations when different wall materials are used as the cabin side.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fire safety, and more particularly to a small-scale ship cabin fire test platform with replaceable wall materials. Background Art

[0002] When a fire occurs in a ship's cabin, the heat generated by the fire is not only transferred through personnel passages and ventilation ducts with the high-temperature smoke, but also directly heats the cabin walls and transfers heat to adjacent cabins. This causes the temperature of adjacent cabins to rise, and under extreme conditions, it can ignite flammable items in adjacent cabins, causing the cabin fire to spread. In addition, different wall materials and mechanical ventilation conditions will affect the heat distribution inside the cabin, which in turn affects the combustion characteristics of the fire source, the temperature rise of the smoke and cabin walls, etc. Therefore, research on the heat transfer mechanism of cabin walls under fire conditions and its impact on the combustion characteristics of the fire in the cabin, the characteristics of the smoke, and the temperature rise of the wall surface will be conducive to the development of corresponding fire protection designs and have a positive effect on improving the ship's own fire protection capabilities.

[0003] In 1994, Moyne conducted full-scale tests on 21 steel bulkheads with various thicknesses and densities of calcium silicate protective layers, as well as unprotected bulkheads, at A-60, A-30, A-15, and A-0 levels. In 1993, Peatross et al. conducted full-scale ship cabin fire tests aboard the U.S. Coast Guard's MayoLykes test vessel, conducting extensive experimental studies on temperature distribution in high-thermal-conductivity cabins and on cabin wall surfaces. Previous studies based on large-scale experimental platforms have conducted preliminary studies on heat transfer pathways within cabins, smoke, and wall temperature rise patterns, and established cabin temperature prediction models applicable to various conditions. However, large-scale experiments are not only labor-intensive and resource-intensive, but also obscure the influence of wall material. Furthermore, research on cabin heat transfer mechanisms and their impact on fire development and behavior under varying wall materials and mechanical ventilation conditions remains insufficient. Furthermore, small-scale experimental platforms suitable for such studies are lacking. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a small-scale ship engine room fire test platform with interchangeable wall materials. By analyzing the heat transfer process in the cabin with different wall materials and different ventilation conditions, the temperature rise law of the cabin wall and smoke is studied, which is of great significance for constructing a temperature distribution prediction model for ship engine rooms with different wall materials.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A small-scale ship cabin fire test platform with replaceable wall materials.

[0007] It includes an inverted test bench for simulating a ship's cabin, a mechanical air supply system, a fire source system, and a measurement system. The test bench is in the shape of an inverted quadrangular platform.

[0008] Observation windows 4 are respectively provided on both sides of the test bench, one of which is a replaceable surface 3. A hatch 5 is provided on the front face of the test bench, and a pair of observation windows are provided on both sides of the hatch 5; a pair of rectangular blocks 12 for simulating a pair of diesel engines are provided in the middle of the cabin compartment. The pair of rectangular blocks 12 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and a short cylinder 13 is provided on the upper end of each rectangular block to simulate the exhaust pipe of the diesel engine; the middle part of the upper end of the cabin compartment bulges upward to form a rectangular cabin well 6, and the length direction of the cabin well 6 is perpendicular to the length direction of the first rectangular block.

[0009] A pair of air supply ports 9 are provided at the front of the upper end of the cabin, and a pair of air exhaust ports 10 are provided at the rear of the upper end of the cabin.

[0010] The mechanical ventilation system includes an air inlet fan 1 and an exhaust fan 8. The outlet of the air inlet fan 1 is connected to a pair of air supply ports 9 through an air inlet duct 2, and the inlet of the exhaust fan 8 is connected to a pair of air exhaust ports 10 through an exhaust duct 7.

[0011] The fire source device includes an oil pan fire source device 14 and a jet fire source device 15. The oil pan fire source device 14 is used to simulate a surface fire, and the jet fire source device 15 is used to simulate a fire at an oil leak point in a pipeline.

[0012] The oil pan fire source device 14 is arranged in the middle between the pair of rectangular parallelepipeds 12, or on the relatively outer side of one of the first rectangular parallelepipeds and close to the corresponding air supply port, and the jet fire source device 15 is arranged in the middle part of the relatively outer side of the other first rectangular parallelepiped;

[0013] The measurement system includes a temperature measurement system, a wind speed measurement system, a flue gas analysis system and a computer system;

[0014] The temperature measurement system includes more than 5 thermocouple trees 16 and more than 20 patch thermocouples 17, and each thermocouple tree 16 includes more than 5 single thermocouples evenly arranged vertically;

[0015] The patch thermocouples 17 are evenly arranged in the center X-axis and center Y-axis directions of the inner and outer side walls of the replaceable surface of the experimental table, and three thermocouple trees 16 are evenly arranged in the cabin compartment corresponding to the cabin well below. Thermocouple trees 16 are respectively provided at four right angles corresponding to the cabin compartment;

[0016] The wind speed measurement system includes more than 5 Pitot tubes 18,

[0017] Three pitot tubes 18 are evenly arranged in the cabin compartment corresponding to the cabin well below, and each air supply port and exhaust port is provided with a pitot tube 18;

[0018] The flue gas analysis system includes at least one flue gas analyzer 19, and each of the oil pan fire source devices 14 is provided with the flue gas analyzer 19 at the outer edge of the oil pan;

[0019] During the experiment, the mechanical ventilation system is turned on and an oil pan fire source device 14 or a jet fire source device 15 is ignited. The data measured by each patch thermocouple 17, single thermocouple, pitot tube 18 and flue gas analyzer 19 are transmitted to the computer system through signals, and the computer system records and analyzes the above data; the replaceable surface of the cabin compartment with different thermal conductivity coefficients is replaced and the experiment is repeated to obtain the temperature distribution law, flue gas flow rate, and the concentration changes of oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide when different wall materials are used as the side of the cabin compartment.

[0020] Furthermore, the oil pan fire source device 14 includes an oil pan and an electronic balance. The oil pan is placed on the electronic balance, and the electronic balance is connected to a computer system to obtain the quality change of the fuel in the oil pan.

[0021] The jet fire source device 15 includes a nozzle, an oil tank, a pressure pump and a valve. The nozzle is connected to the oil tank through the valve and the pressure pump pipeline. The size of the jet fire is adjusted by controlling the valve opening.

[0022] Furthermore, one side of the experimental table includes a rectangular mounting frame 11 and a side wall plate, and the side wall plate is mounted on the mounting frame 11 by means of bolts and screw holes, so that one side of the experimental table is a replaceable surface 3.

[0023] Furthermore, the distance between adjacent single thermocouples on each of the thermocouple trees 16 is 50-150 mm, and the distance between the single thermocouple at the top of the thermocouple tree 16 and the top of the corresponding cabin is less than 3 mm;

[0024] The distance between adjacent patch thermocouples 17 is 200-350 mm.

[0025] Furthermore, each of the Pitot tubes 18 is arranged at a height of 1 to 1.5 m.

[0026] Furthermore, the air inlet fan 1 and the exhaust fan 8 are centrifugal fans, which respectively control the air supply volume of each air supply port to be not less than 161m³ / h and the air exhaust volume of each air exhaust port to be not less than 197m³ / h;

[0027] When the air intake fan 1 and the exhaust fan 8 are turned on at the same time, the mechanical ventilation system is in the on state; when the air intake fan 1 and the exhaust fan 8 are turned off at the same time, the mechanical ventilation system is in the off state.

[0028] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] (1) The present invention provides a small-scale ship cabin fire test platform with interchangeable wall materials. One side of the test platform is interchangeable, and can be replaced with materials such as A30, A60, steel plate, and gypsum board. This directly simulates the heat transfer and fire development process between adjacent cabins with different wall materials after a fire occurs in an actual cabin. Therefore, this test platform can conduct cabin fire experiments under various fire scenarios with simple operation, which is of great significance in helping to understand the actual development laws of ship fires.

[0030] (2) In the study of ship fires, numerical simulation is often used to help understand the development of fires. However, the experimental results are limited to ideal conditions. The actual development process of fires is often more complicated, so a corresponding experimental platform is needed. The time required to conduct a set of experiments is much shorter than that required for numerical simulation. Therefore, compared with computer simulation methods, the results obtained by this experimental platform are more accurate and the time required is shorter.

[0031] Therefore, the fire test platform of the present invention studies the influence of different wall materials on the heat transfer process in the cabin, providing a reliable and important basis for establishing a temperature distribution prediction model for the ship cabin and fire hazard assessment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a small-scale ship cabin fire test platform with replaceable wall materials according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Front view of .

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 1 rear view.

[0035] Figure 4 It is the layout diagram of the thermocouple tree in the cabin of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a layout diagram of the replaceable surface patch thermocouples of the cabin compartment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 It is the arrangement diagram of the pitot tube in the cabin of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 7 This is a layout diagram of the smoke analyzer in the cabin of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 8 It is a layout diagram of the jet fire device or oil pan fire device in the cabin compartment of the present invention.

[0040] Numbers in the figure: 1-air supply fan; 2-air supply duct; 3-replaceable surface; 4-observation window; 5-hatch door; 6-rectangular boss; 7-smoke exhaust duct; 8-exhaust fan; 9-a pair of air supply ports; 10-a pair of exhaust ports; 11-mounting frame; 12-a pair of rectangular blocks; 13-short cylinder; 14-oil pan fire device; 15-jet fire device; 16-thermocouple tree; 17-chip thermocouple; 18-Pitot tube; 19-flue gas analyzer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] See Figures 1 to 3 ,

[0044] A small-scale ship engine room fire test platform with replaceable wall materials includes a test bench for simulating a ship cabin, a mechanical air supply system, a fire source system, and a measurement system. The test bench is in the shape of an inverted quadrangular platform.

[0045] Observation windows 4 are respectively provided on both sides of the experimental table. One side of the experimental table includes a rectangular mounting frame 11 and a side wall plate. The side wall plate is mounted on the mounting frame 11 by means of bolts and screw holes, so that one side of the experimental table is a replaceable surface 3. The material of the replaceable surface 3 is a steel plate with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 46.5 W / (m·k).

[0046] A hatch 5 is provided on the front face of the test bench, and a pair of observation windows are provided on both sides of the hatch 5; a pair of rectangular blocks 12 for simulating a pair of diesel engines are provided in the middle of the cabin compartment. The pair of rectangular blocks 12 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and a short cylinder 13 is provided at the upper end of each rectangular block to simulate the exhaust pipe of the diesel engine; the middle part of the upper end of the cabin compartment bulges upward to form a rectangular cabin well 6, and the length direction of the cabin well 6 is perpendicular to the length direction of the first rectangular block.

[0047] A pair of air supply ports 9 are provided at the front of the upper end of the cabin, and a pair of air exhaust ports 10 are provided at the rear of the upper end of the cabin.

[0048] The mechanical ventilation system includes an air inlet fan 1 and an exhaust fan 8. The outlet of the air inlet fan 1 is connected to a pair of air supply ports 9 through an air inlet duct 2, and the inlet of the exhaust fan 8 is connected to a pair of air exhaust ports 10 through an exhaust duct 7. The air inlet fan 1 and the exhaust fan 8 are both centrifugal fans, and the air supply volume of each air supply port is controlled to be not less than 161 m³ / h, and the exhaust volume of each air exhaust port is controlled to be not less than 197 m³ / h.

[0049] When the air intake fan 1 and the exhaust fan 8 are turned on at the same time, the mechanical ventilation system is in the on state; when the air intake fan 1 and the exhaust fan 8 are turned off at the same time, the mechanical ventilation system is in the off state.

[0050] The fire source device includes an oil pan fire source device 14 and a jet fire source device 15. The oil pan fire source device 14 is used to simulate a surface fire, and the jet fire source device 15 is used to simulate a fire at an oil leak point in a pipeline.

[0051] The oil pan fire source device 14 is arranged in the middle between a pair of rectangular blocks 12, or on the relatively outer side of one of the first rectangular blocks and close to the corresponding air supply port, and the jet fire source device 15 is arranged in the middle part of the relatively outer side of the other first rectangular block; the jet fire source device 15 includes a nozzle, an oil tank, a pressure pump and a valve. The nozzle is connected to the oil tank through a valve and a pressure pump pipeline, and the size of the jet fire is adjusted by controlling the valve opening.

[0052] The measurement system includes a temperature measurement system, a wind speed measurement system, a flue gas analysis system and a computer system;

[0053] See Figure 4 , the temperature measurement system includes more than 5 thermocouple trees 16 and more than 20 patch thermocouples 17, each thermocouple tree 16 includes more than 5 single thermocouples evenly arranged vertically;

[0054] See Figure 5 The patch thermocouples 17 are evenly arranged in the center X-axis and center Y-axis directions of the inner and outer side walls of the replaceable surface of the test bench, and three thermocouple trees 16 are evenly arranged in the cabin compartment corresponding to the cabin well below. Thermocouple trees 16 are respectively provided at four right angles in the cabin compartment; the distance between adjacent single thermocouples on each thermocouple tree 16 is 50-150 mm, and the distance between the single thermocouple at the top of the thermocouple tree 16 and the top of the corresponding cabin compartment is less than 3 mm;

[0055] The distance between adjacent patch thermocouples 17 is 200-350 mm.

[0056] See Figure 6 , the wind speed measurement system includes more than 5 Pitot tubes 18,

[0057] Three Pitot tubes 18 are evenly arranged in the cabin compartment corresponding to the cabin well below the cabin, and a Pitot tube 18 is provided in each air supply port and air exhaust port; and the arrangement height of each Pitot tube 18 is 1-1.5 m.

[0058] See Figure 7 The flue gas analysis system includes at least one flue gas analyzer 19, and each of the oil pan fire source devices 14 is provided with the flue gas analyzer 19 at the outer edge of the oil pan.

[0059] During the experiment, the mechanical ventilation system was turned on and the oil pan fire source device 14 located in the middle between the pair of rectangular blocks 12 was ignited. The oil pan fire source device 14 comprised an oil pan and an electronic balance. The oil pan was placed on the electronic balance, which was connected to a computer system to obtain the mass change of the fuel in the oil pan.

[0060] The data measured by each patch thermocouple 17, single thermocouple, Pitot tube 18 and flue gas analyzer 19 are transmitted to the computer system through signals, and the computer system records and analyzes the above data; the replaceable surface of the cabin compartment with different thermal conductivity coefficients is replaced to repeat the experiment, and the temperature distribution pattern, flue gas flow rate, and the concentration changes of oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide when different wall materials are used as the side of the cabin compartment are obtained.

[0061] First, calculate the average temperature of the thermocouples at the same height of the four thermocouple trees in the cabin, and then average the obtained average values ​​to obtain the average temperature of the flue gas in the entire cabin; calculate the average temperature data of the patch thermocouples on the inner and outer walls of wall 3 respectively to obtain the average temperature of the inner and outer walls, as shown in Table 1 below.

[0062] Table 1 Average temperatures of smoke and inner and outer surfaces of wall 3 in the cabin

[0063] Time / s Average flue gas temperature / ℃ Average temperature of inner wall of wall 3 / ℃ Average temperature of outer wall of wall 3 / ℃ 50 31.7 25.1 20.5 100 60.4 50.2 40.5 150 66.3 55.3 45.6 200 68.5 60.5 52.5 250 72.6 65.3 60.2 300 76.3 70.8 63.6 350 79.2 75.7 69.9 400 54.4 68.9 58.9 450 45.2 60.8 50.8 500 41.7 55.9 48.1

[0064] Example 2

[0065] See Figures 1 to 3 ,

[0066] A small-scale ship cabin fire test platform with replaceable wall materials includes a test bench for simulating a ship cabin, a mechanical air supply system, a fire source system, and a measurement system. The test bench is in the shape of an inverted quadrangular platform.

[0067] Observation windows 4 are respectively provided on both sides of the experimental table. One side of the experimental table includes a rectangular mounting frame 11 and a side wall plate. The side wall plate is mounted on the mounting frame 11 by means of bolts and screw holes, so that one side of the experimental table is a replaceable surface 3. The replaceable surface 3 is a gypsum board with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.2 W / (m·k).

[0068] A hatch 5 is provided on the front face of the test bench, and a pair of observation windows are provided on both sides of the hatch 5; a pair of rectangular blocks 12 for simulating a pair of diesel engines are provided in the middle of the cabin compartment. The pair of rectangular blocks 12 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and a short cylinder 13 is provided at the upper end of each rectangular block to simulate the exhaust pipe of the diesel engine; the middle part of the upper end of the cabin compartment bulges upward to form a rectangular cabin well 6, and the length direction of the cabin well 6 is perpendicular to the length direction of the first rectangular block.

[0069] A pair of air supply ports 9 are provided at the front of the upper end of the cabin, and a pair of air exhaust ports 10 are provided at the rear of the upper end of the cabin.

[0070] The mechanical ventilation system includes an air inlet fan 1 and an exhaust fan 8. The outlet of the air inlet fan 1 is connected to a pair of air supply ports 9 through an air inlet duct 2, and the inlet of the exhaust fan 8 is connected to a pair of air exhaust ports 10 through an exhaust duct 7. The air inlet fan 1 and the exhaust fan 8 are both centrifugal fans, and the air supply volume of each air supply port is controlled to be not less than 161 m³ / h, and the exhaust volume of each air exhaust port is controlled to be not less than 197 m³ / h.

[0071] When the air intake fan 1 and the exhaust fan 8 are turned on at the same time, the mechanical ventilation system is in the on state; when the air intake fan 1 and the exhaust fan 8 are turned off at the same time, the mechanical ventilation system is in the off state.

[0072] The fire source device includes an oil pan fire source device 14 and a jet fire source device 15. The oil pan fire source device 14 is used to simulate a surface fire, and the jet fire source device 15 is used to simulate a fire at an oil leak point in a pipeline.

[0073] The oil pan fire source device 14 is arranged in the middle between a pair of rectangular blocks 12, or on the relatively outer side of one of the first rectangular blocks and close to the corresponding air supply port, and the jet fire source device 15 is arranged in the middle part of the relatively outer side of the other first rectangular block; the jet fire source device 15 includes a nozzle, an oil tank, a pressure pump and a valve. The nozzle is connected to the oil tank through a valve and a pressure pump pipeline, and the size of the jet fire is adjusted by controlling the valve opening.

[0074] The measurement system includes a temperature measurement system, a wind speed measurement system, a flue gas analysis system and a computer system;

[0075] See Figure 4 , the temperature measurement system includes more than 5 thermocouple trees 16 and more than 20 patch thermocouples 17, each thermocouple tree 16 includes more than 5 single thermocouples evenly arranged vertically;

[0076] See Figure 5 The patch thermocouples 17 are evenly arranged in the center X-axis and center Y-axis directions of the inner and outer side walls of the replaceable surface of the test bench, and three thermocouple trees 16 are evenly arranged in the cabin compartment corresponding to the cabin well below. Thermocouple trees 16 are respectively provided at four right angles in the cabin compartment; the distance between adjacent single thermocouples on each thermocouple tree 16 is 50-150 mm, and the distance between the single thermocouple at the top of the thermocouple tree 16 and the top of the corresponding cabin compartment is less than 3 mm;

[0077] The distance between adjacent patch thermocouples 17 is 200-350 mm.

[0078] See Figure 6 , the wind speed measurement system includes more than 5 Pitot tubes 18,

[0079] Three Pitot tubes 18 are evenly arranged in the cabin compartment corresponding to the cabin well below the cabin, and a Pitot tube 18 is provided in each air supply port and air exhaust port; and the arrangement height of each Pitot tube 18 is 1-1.5 m.

[0080] See Figure 7 The flue gas analysis system includes at least one flue gas analyzer 19, and each of the oil pan fire source devices 14 is provided with the flue gas analyzer 19 at the outer edge of the oil pan.

[0081] During the experiment, the mechanical ventilation system was turned on and the oil pan fire source device 14 located in the middle between the pair of rectangular blocks 12 was ignited. The oil pan fire source device 14 comprised an oil pan and an electronic balance. The oil pan was placed on the electronic balance, which was connected to a computer system to obtain the mass change of the fuel in the oil pan.

[0082] The data measured by each patch thermocouple 17, single thermocouple, Pitot tube 18 and flue gas analyzer 19 are transmitted to the computer system through signals, and the computer system records and analyzes the above data; the replaceable surface of the cabin compartment with different thermal conductivity coefficients is replaced to repeat the experiment, and the temperature distribution pattern, flue gas flow rate, and the concentration changes of oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide when different wall materials are used as the side of the cabin compartment are obtained.

[0083] First, calculate the average temperature of the thermocouples at the same height of the four thermocouple trees in the cabin, and then average the obtained average values ​​to obtain the average temperature of the flue gas in the entire cabin; calculate the average temperature data of the patch thermocouples on the inner and outer walls of wall 3 respectively to obtain the average temperature of the inner and outer walls, as shown in Table 2 below.

[0084] Table 2 Average temperatures of smoke and inner and outer surfaces of wall 3 in the cabin

[0085] Time / s Average flue gas temperature / ℃ Average temperature of inner wall of wall 3 / ℃ Average temperature of outer wall of wall 3 / ℃ 50 40.6 30.1 18.5 100 72.4 60.2 30.3 150 78.3 66.3 33.6 200 80.5 75.5 35.5 250 85.1 78.3 37.2 300 88.3 80.8 40.6 350 90.2 85.6 45.8 400 80.4 82.8 35.7 450 70.2 75.2 30.8 500 60.7 68.2 25.1

[0086] Example 3

[0087] See Figures 1 to 3 ,

[0088] A small-scale ship cabin fire test platform with replaceable wall materials includes a test bench for simulating a ship cabin, a mechanical air supply system, a fire source system, and a measurement system. The test bench is in the shape of an inverted quadrangular platform.

[0089] Observation windows 4 are respectively provided on both sides of the experimental bench. One side of the experimental bench includes a rectangular mounting frame 11 and a side wall plate. The side wall plate is mounted on the mounting frame 11 by means of bolts and screw holes, so that one side of the experimental bench is a replaceable surface 3. The material of the replaceable surface 3 is A60 fireproof grade and has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.03W / (m·k).

[0090] A hatch 5 is provided on the front face of the test bench, and a pair of observation windows are provided on both sides of the hatch 5; a pair of rectangular blocks 12 for simulating a pair of diesel engines are provided in the middle of the cabin compartment. The pair of rectangular blocks 12 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and a short cylinder 13 is provided at the upper end of each rectangular block to simulate the exhaust pipe of the diesel engine; the middle part of the upper end of the cabin compartment bulges upward to form a rectangular cabin well 6, and the length direction of the cabin well 6 is perpendicular to the length direction of the first rectangular block.

[0091] A pair of air supply ports 9 are provided at the front of the upper end of the cabin, and a pair of air exhaust ports 10 are provided at the rear of the upper end of the cabin.

[0092] The mechanical ventilation system includes an air inlet fan 1 and an exhaust fan 8. The outlet of the air inlet fan 1 is connected to a pair of air supply ports 9 through an air inlet duct 2, and the inlet of the exhaust fan 8 is connected to a pair of air exhaust ports 10 through an exhaust duct 7. The air inlet fan 1 and the exhaust fan 8 are both centrifugal fans, and the air supply volume of each air supply port is controlled to be not less than 161 m³ / h, and the exhaust volume of each air exhaust port is controlled to be not less than 197 m³ / h.

[0093] When the air intake fan 1 and the exhaust fan 8 are turned on at the same time, the mechanical ventilation system is in the on state; when the air intake fan 1 and the exhaust fan 8 are turned off at the same time, the mechanical ventilation system is in the off state.

[0094] The fire source device includes an oil pan fire source device 14 and a jet fire source device 15. The oil pan fire source device 14 is used to simulate a surface fire, and the jet fire source device 15 is used to simulate a fire at an oil leak point in a pipeline.

[0095] The oil pan fire source device 14 is arranged in the middle between a pair of rectangular blocks 12, or on the relatively outer side of one of the first rectangular blocks and close to the corresponding air supply port, and the jet fire source device 15 is arranged in the middle part of the relatively outer side of the other first rectangular block; the jet fire source device 15 includes a nozzle, an oil tank, a pressure pump and a valve. The nozzle is connected to the oil tank through a valve and a pressure pump pipeline, and the size of the jet fire is adjusted by controlling the valve opening.

[0096] The measurement system includes a temperature measurement system, a wind speed measurement system, a flue gas analysis system and a computer system;

[0097] See Figure 4, the temperature measurement system includes more than 5 thermocouple trees 16 and more than 20 patch thermocouples 17, each thermocouple tree 16 includes more than 5 single thermocouples evenly arranged vertically;

[0098] See Figure 5 The patch thermocouples 17 are evenly arranged in the center X-axis and center Y-axis directions of the inner and outer side walls of the replaceable surface of the test bench, and three thermocouple trees 16 are evenly arranged in the cabin compartment corresponding to the cabin well below. Thermocouple trees 16 are respectively provided at four right angles in the cabin compartment; the distance between adjacent single thermocouples on each thermocouple tree 16 is 50-150 mm, and the distance between the single thermocouple at the top of the thermocouple tree 16 and the top of the corresponding cabin compartment is less than 3 mm;

[0099] The distance between adjacent patch thermocouples 17 is 200-350 mm.

[0100] See Figure 6 , the wind speed measurement system includes more than 5 Pitot tubes 18,

[0101] Three Pitot tubes 18 are evenly arranged in the cabin compartment corresponding to the cabin well below the cabin, and a Pitot tube 18 is provided in each air supply port and air exhaust port; and the arrangement height of each Pitot tube 18 is 1-1.5 m.

[0102] See Figure 7 The flue gas analysis system includes at least one flue gas analyzer 19, and each of the oil pan fire source devices 14 is provided with the flue gas analyzer 19 at the outer edge of the oil pan.

[0103] During the experiment, the mechanical ventilation system was turned on and the oil pan fire source device 14 located in the middle between the pair of rectangular blocks 12 was ignited. The oil pan fire source device 14 comprised an oil pan and an electronic balance. The oil pan was placed on the electronic balance, which was connected to a computer system to obtain the mass change of the fuel in the oil pan.

[0104] The data measured by each patch thermocouple 17, single thermocouple, Pitot tube 18 and flue gas analyzer 19 are transmitted to the computer system through signals, and the computer system records and analyzes the above data; the replaceable surface of the cabin compartment with different thermal conductivity coefficients is replaced to repeat the experiment, and the temperature distribution pattern, flue gas flow rate, and the concentration changes of oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide when different wall materials are used as the side of the cabin compartment are obtained.

[0105] First, calculate the average temperature of the thermocouples at the same height of the four thermocouple trees in the cabin, and then average the obtained average values ​​to obtain the average temperature of the flue gas in the entire cabin; calculate the average temperature data of the patch thermocouples on the inner and outer walls of wall 3 respectively to obtain the average temperature of the inner and outer walls, as shown in Table 3 below.

[0106] Table 3 Average temperatures of smoke and inner and outer surfaces of wall 3 in the cabin

[0107] Time / s Average flue gas temperature / ℃ Average temperature of inner wall of wall 3 / ℃ Average temperature of outer wall of wall 3 / ℃ 50 45.6 32.8 17.5 100 72.4 66.5 25.3 150 80.9 70.2 28.5 200 83.2 75.3 31.2 250 88.6 80.5 33.2 300 88.3 83.2 35.6 350 95.2 87.3 38.5 400 84.3 85.2 37.6 450 80.2 83.5 25.7 500 76.2 80.2 20.2

[0108] From the three aforementioned embodiments, it can be seen that, in terms of temperature magnitude, the lower the thermal conductivity of the wall material, the higher the temperature of the smoke in the cabin, the higher the temperature of the inner wall of the replaceable surface 3, and the lower the temperature of the outer wall. In terms of temperature rise rate, the higher the thermal conductivity of the wall material, the greater the temperature rise rate of the outer wall of the replaceable surface 3, and the smaller the temperature difference between the inner and outer walls.

[0109] Data from the flue gas analyzer 19 also revealed that during the experiment, when the mechanical ventilation system was on, gas concentrations did not change significantly. When the mechanical ventilation system was off, oxygen concentrations gradually decreased, while carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide concentrations gradually increased. Furthermore, when the mechanical ventilation system was off, both the oil pan fire and the jet fire gradually extinguished. Data measured by the pitot tube 18 revealed that the greater the difference in thermal conductivity between the interchangeable surface 3 and the other cabin walls, the faster the smoke flow rate within the cabin.

[0110] Therefore, the fire test platform of the present invention is used to study the influence of different wall materials on the heat transfer process in the cabin, providing a basis for establishing a temperature distribution prediction model for the ship cabin and fire hazard assessment.

[0111] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A small-scale ship engine room fire test platform with interchangeable wall materials, characterized by: It includes a test bench for simulating a ship's cabin, a mechanical air supply system, a fire source system, and a measurement system. The test bench is in the shape of an inverted square platform. Observation windows (4) are respectively provided on both sides of the test bench, one of which is a replaceable surface (3). A hatch (5) is provided on the front face of the test bench, and a pair of observation windows are provided on both sides of the hatch (5). A pair of rectangular blocks (12) for simulating a pair of diesel engines are provided in the middle of the cabin chamber. The pair of rectangular blocks (12) are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and a short cylinder (13) is provided on the upper end of each rectangular block for simulating the exhaust pipe of the diesel engine. The middle part of the upper end of the cabin chamber is convex upward to form a rectangular cabin well (6), and the length direction of the cabin well (6) is perpendicular to the length direction of the rectangular blocks. A pair of air supply ports (9) are provided at the front of the upper end of the cabin, and a pair of air exhaust ports (10) are provided at the rear of the upper end of the cabin. The mechanical ventilation system comprises an air inlet fan (1) and an exhaust fan (8), wherein the outlet of the air inlet fan (1) is connected to a pair of air supply ports (9) via an air inlet duct (2), and the inlet of the exhaust fan (8) is connected to a pair of air exhaust ports (10) via an air exhaust duct (7). The fire source device comprises an oil pan fire source device (14) and a jet fire source device (15), wherein the oil pan fire source device (14) is used to simulate a surface fire, and the jet fire source device (15) is used to simulate a fire at an oil leak point in a pipeline; The oil pan fire source device (14) is arranged in the middle between a pair of rectangular parallelepipeds (12), or on the relatively outer side of one of the first rectangular parallelepipeds and close to the corresponding air supply port, and the jet fire source device (15) is arranged in the middle portion of the relatively outer side of the other first rectangular parallelepiped; The measurement system includes a temperature measurement system, a wind speed measurement system, a flue gas analysis system and a computer system; The temperature measurement system includes more than 5 thermocouple trees (16) and more than 20 patch thermocouples (17), and each thermocouple tree (16) includes more than 5 single thermocouples evenly arranged vertically; The patch thermocouples (17) are evenly arranged in the center X-axis and center Y-axis directions of the inner and outer side walls of the replaceable surface of the test bench, three thermocouple trees (16) are evenly arranged in the cabin compartment corresponding to the bottom of the cabin enclosure, and thermocouple trees (16) are respectively arranged at four right angles corresponding to each other in the cabin compartment; The wind speed measurement system consists of more than 5 pitot tubes (18), Three pitot tubes (18) are evenly arranged in the cabin compartment corresponding to the cabin well below the cabin, and each air supply port and air exhaust port is provided with a pitot tube (18); The flue gas analysis system comprises at least one flue gas analyzer (19), and each of the oil pan fire source devices (14) is provided with the flue gas analyzer (19) at the outer edge of the oil pan; During the experiment, the mechanical ventilation system is turned on and an oil pan fire source device (14) or a jet fire source device (15) is ignited. The data measured by each patch thermocouple (17), single thermocouple, pitot tube (18) and flue gas analyzer (19) are transmitted to the computer system through signals, and the computer system records and analyzes the above data; the replaceable surface of the cabin compartment with different thermal conductivity coefficients is replaced and the experiment is repeated to obtain the temperature distribution law, flue gas flow rate, and concentration changes of oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide when different wall materials are used as the cabin compartment side.

2. A small-scale ship engine room fire test platform with interchangeable wall materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil pan fire source device (14) comprises an oil pan and an electronic balance, wherein the oil pan is arranged on the electronic balance, and the electronic balance is connected to a computer system, so that the mass change of the fuel in the oil pan can be obtained; The jet fire source device (15) comprises a nozzle, an oil tank, a pressure pump and a valve. The nozzle is connected to the oil tank through a valve and a pressure pump pipeline, and the valve opening is controlled to adjust the size of the jet fire.

3. The small-scale ship engine room fire test platform with replaceable wall materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the experimental table comprises a rectangular mounting frame (11) and a side wall plate, and the side wall plate is mounted on the mounting frame (11) by means of bolts and screw holes, so that one side of the experimental table is a replaceable surface (3).

4. The small-scale ship engine room fire test platform with replaceable wall materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between adjacent single thermocouples on each of the thermocouple trees (16) is 50 to 150 mm, and the distance between the single thermocouple at the top of the thermocouple tree (16) and the top of the corresponding cabin is less than 3 mm; The distance between adjacent patch thermocouples (17) is 200-350 mm.

5. The small-scale ship engine room fire test platform with replaceable wall materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arrangement height of each of the Pitot tubes (18) is 1 to 1.5 m.

6. The small-scale ship engine room fire test platform with replaceable wall materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air inlet fan (1) and the exhaust fan (8) are both centrifugal fans, which respectively control the air supply volume of each air supply port to be not less than 161 m³ / h and the air exhaust volume of each air exhaust port to be not less than 197 m³ / h; When the air inlet fan (1) and the exhaust fan (8) are turned on at the same time, the mechanical ventilation system is in an on state, and when the air inlet fan (1) and the exhaust fan (8) are turned off at the same time, the mechanical ventilation system is in a off state.

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