Vertical detection equipment for ultrasonic flaw detection of axles

Abstract

The present invention discloses a vertical detection device for ultrasonic flaw detection of wheel axles, which comprises a base. A servo motor is installed on the base. The output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the top end of a ball screw via a coupling. The bottom end of the ball screw is connected to the top end of a vertical probe via a lead screw nut. A radial probe is installed at the bottom end of the vertical probe. Sliders are installed on both sides of the vertical probe, and the sliders are slidably installed on vertical linear guide rails. The ball screw rotates under the drive of the servo motor via the coupling to drive the vertical probe and the radial probe to move up and down. The vertical probe includes a probe body. The bottom end of the probe body is connected to the top end of a transition cylinder. The bottom end of the transition cylinder is connected to the top end of the radial probe via a sliding cylinder. A transmitter is provided in the probe body and the transition cylinder. The present invention can achieve efficient and non-destructive ultrasonic flaw detection for the wheel axles of railway locomotives and vehicles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an ultrasonic testing device, particularly a vertical testing device for ultrasonic flaw detection (B-scan) of the axles of railway locomotives and vehicles. Background Art

[0002] The wheelsets and axles are key load-bearing components of railway locomotives and vehicles, including the bogies of railway EMUs, and are important parts affecting train operation safety. If there are quality problems with the wheelsets or axles, it will not only limit the improvement of railway transportation capacity, but also pose a great threat to the safety of train operation. Further, during the operation of the axle, it is extremely prone to fatigue cracks, and such fatigue cracks mostly occur in a fatigue area at the wheel seat insertion part and are completely concealed. If fatigue damage occurs and spreads, it will lead to axle breakage, resulting in train derailment, and the consequences are serious. Therefore, ensuring the quality of axles is of utmost importance. For this reason, railway locomotives and vehicles should be able to detect the fatigue cracks of axles in a timely manner before leaving the factory and during operation, so as to detect defects to the greatest extent and improve safety. At present, the ultrasonic flaw detection of the axles of railway locomotives and vehicles still mostly follows the practice of manual ultrasonic flaw detection. This practice is greatly affected by factors such as personal technical level and subjective experience judgment, with high labor intensity, low efficiency, and is prone to missed detection and false detection. The cost of flaw detection is high, which greatly restricts the development of axles. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vertical testing device for ultrasonic flaw detection of axles, which can achieve efficient and non-destructive ultrasonic flaw detection of the axles of railway locomotives and vehicles, ensuring the quality of axles and being suitable for popularization.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A vertical detection device for ultrasonic flaw detection of wheel axles, characterized in that: it includes a base, on which a servo motor is installed. The output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the top end of a ball screw via a coupling. The bottom end of the ball screw is connected to the top end of a vertical probe via a screw nut. A radial probe is installed at the bottom end of the vertical probe, and sliders are installed on both sides of the vertical probe. The sliders are slidably installed on vertical linear guides on the base; the ball screw rotates under the drive of the servo motor via the coupling, so that under the guiding action of the sliders sliding along the vertical linear guides, the ball screw drives the vertical probe and the radial probe to perform lifting movements; the vertical probe includes a probe body, the bottom end of the probe body is connected to the top end of a transition cylinder, and the bottom end of the transition cylinder is connected to the top end of the radial probe via a sliding cylinder. A transmitter is provided in the probe body and the transition cylinder, wherein: when the radial probe does not contact the surface of the wheel axle, the top block on the transmitter abuts against the top end of the sliding cylinder, and the contact on the transmitter is in contact with the contact plate; when the radial probe descends and contacts the surface of the wheel axle under the driving action of the vertical probe, the sliding cylinder slides upward under the abutting action of the radial probe and jacks up the top block on the transmitter, so that the contact on the transmitter and the contact plate change from contact to separation, thereby realizing the signal feedback that the radial probe has contacted the surface of the wheel axle.

[0006] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0007] The present invention can realize efficient and non-destructive ultrasonic flaw detection (B-scan) for the wheel axles of railway locomotives and vehicles, can timely detect fatigue cracks in the wheel seat insertion part, has a high degree of flaw detection automation, and the flaw detection results are accurate and reliable, ensuring the quality of the wheel axles and being suitable for popularization. Description of the Drawings

[0008] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the composition of the vertical detection device of the present invention.

[0009] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 the right view schematic diagram of

[0010] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view schematic diagram of the vertical probe and the radial probe (the radial probe is partially sectioned, and the contact and the contact plate are in contact).

[0011] Figure 4 It is Figure 3 the enlarged schematic diagram of the transmitter shown (the contact and the contact plate are in a separated state).

[0012] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the top block.

[0013] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the radial probe.

[0014] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the usage instructions of the radial probe.

[0015] Figure 8 It is a longitudinal sectional three-dimensional schematic diagram of a radial probe.

[0016] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of a probe cover.

[0017] Figure 10 It is a schematic structural diagram of the probe cover when the clamping plate is not installed.

[0018] Figure 11 It is a schematic structural diagram of a clamping plate.

[0019] Figure 12 It is a schematic structural diagram of a five-crystal probe. Specific implementation manner

[0020] As Figures 1 to 12 shown, the vertical detection device for axle ultrasonic flaw detection of the present invention includes a base 30. As Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a servo motor 10 is installed on the base 30. The output shaft of the servo motor 10 is connected to the top end of a ball screw 40 via a coupling 20. The bottom end of the ball screw 40 is connected to the top end of a vertical probe rod 60 via a lead screw nut (not shown in the figure). A radial probe 70 is installed at the bottom end of the vertical probe rod 60. Sliders 50 are installed on both sides of the vertical probe rod 60 via, for example, L-shaped slider connectors 51. The sliders 50 are slidably installed on vertical linear guide rails 31 on the base 30. The ball screw 40 rotates under the drive of the servo motor 10 via the coupling 20. Thus, under the guiding action of the sliders 50 sliding along the vertical linear guide rails 31, the ball screw 40 drives the vertical probe rod 60 and the radial probe 70 to perform a lifting motion. As Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the vertical probe rod 60 includes a probe rod body. The bottom end of the probe rod body is connected to the top end of a transition cylinder 64. The bottom end of the transition cylinder 64 is connected to the top end of the radial probe 70 via a sliding cylinder 66. A transmitter 80 is provided in the probe rod body and the transition cylinder 64. Wherein: when the radial probe 70 does not contact the surface of the axle 110, the top block 82 on the transmitter 80 abuts against the top end of the sliding cylinder 66, and the contact head 89 on the transmitter 80 is in contact with the contact plate 88; when the radial probe 70 descends under the driving action of the vertical probe rod 60 and contacts the surface of the axle 110, the sliding cylinder 66 slides upward under the abutting action of the radial probe 70 and jacks up the top block 82 on the transmitter 80, so that the contact head 89 on the transmitter 80 is separated from the contact plate 88 from the contact state, thereby realizing the signal feedback or signal transmission that the radial probe 70 has contacted the surface of the axle 110 in the form of from closed to open.

[0021] In actual design, as Figure 3, the probe rod body includes a probe rod cylinder 61, with a top cover 63 provided at the top opening of the probe rod cylinder 61 and a bottom cover 62 provided at the bottom opening. The top opening of the transition cylinder 64 is sealed by a sealing cover 68, and the transition cylinder 64 is fixed at the bottom end of the probe rod body by a set screw 672 installed between the sealing cover 68 and the bottom cover 62. The bottom opening of the transition cylinder 64 is open, and a sliding cylinder 66 is installed inside the bottom end of the transition cylinder 64 in a vertically slidable manner via a linear bearing 65. The top block 82 on the transmitter 80 moves inside the transition cylinder 64 between the linear bearing 65 and the sealing cover 68 under the action of the sliding cylinder 66.

[0022] As Figure 3 , preferably, an inner convex platform 640 is provided on the inner wall of the lower part of the transition cylinder 64. The purpose of the design of the convex platform 640 is to facilitate the assembly of the linear bearing 65, the sliding cylinder 66, and the top block 82, and can play a role in stably limiting the top block 82.

[0023] As Figure 4 , the transmitter 80 includes a transmitting rod 81, where: the transmitting rod 81 is composed of an upper rod 812 and a lower rod 811. The upper rod 812 is slightly thicker than the lower rod 811, and a step is formed at the connecting part of the two, so that the top block 82 sleeved on the lower rod 811 can be stuck on the lower step surface of the upper rod 812; a mounting seat 83 is fixedly installed on the top cover 63 of the probe rod body, and a conductive contact plate 88 is fixedly installed on the mounting seat 83 via a lower insulating sleeve 86. The lower insulating sleeve 86 and the contact plate 88 are located outside the probe rod body; the lower rod 811 is inside the transition cylinder 64, and the upper rod 812 penetrates through the transition cylinder 64 and the probe rod body and extends out of the probe rod body movably from the mounting seat 83, the lower insulating sleeve 86, and the contact plate 88; a conductive contact head 89 is fixedly installed on the top end of the upper rod 812 extending out of the probe rod body via an upper insulating sleeve 87. To facilitate the testing of the contact state of the contact head 89, a fixed end 85 is also installed at the top end of the upper rod 812; a limiting ring 840 is also installed on the part of the upper rod 812 inside the probe rod body by a fixing screw 841, and a compression spring 84 sleeved on the upper rod 812 is located between the limiting ring 840 and the mounting seat 83; when the radial probe 70 does not contact the surface of the wheel axle 110, the top block 82 abuts against the top end of the sliding cylinder 66 under the elastic action of the compression spring 84 and the abutting action of the bottom end of the upper rod 812. At this time, the top block 82 and the sliding cylinder 66 are in the lower limit position, so that the contact head 89 contacts the contact plate 88; when the radial probe 70 descends and contacts the surface of the wheel axle 110 under the driving action of the lifting of the vertical probe 60, the sliding cylinder 66 slides upward under the abutting action of the radial probe 70 and jacks up the top block 82. At this time, the compression spring 84 is compressed, so that the top block 82 drives the transmitting rod 81, the upper insulating sleeve 87, and the contact head 89 to move upward together, thereby separating the contact head 89 from the contact plate 88.

[0024] As Figure 3, a guiding long slot 660 is vertically provided on the sliding cylinder 66. A guiding screw 671 extends into the guiding long slot 660 through a threaded hole (not shown in the figure) of the transition cylinder 64. The design purpose of this structure is to limit the lifting height of the sliding cylinder 66.

[0025] As Figure 3 , an oil injection hole 641 is formed on the side wall of the transition cylinder 64, so that after the lubricating oil is injected into the transition cylinder 64 from the oil injection hole 641, it flows along the inner wall of the transition cylinder 64 to the top block 82, the linear bearing 65 and the sliding cylinder 66 to achieve the purpose of lubrication and rust prevention.

[0026] As Figure 4 , a positioning pin 831 is installed on the mounting seat 83. The positioning pin 831 extends into a positioning long slot (not shown in the figure) vertically formed on the upper rod 812 to prevent the signal sending rod 81 from rotating and ensure that the signal sending rod 81 only moves up and down.

[0027] Furthermore, the touch plate 88 is screwed on the lower insulating sleeve 86 and fixed to the lower insulating sleeve 86 through a lower screw 861. The contact 89 is fixed to the upper insulating sleeve 87 through an upper screw 871. A signal cable is connected to the touch plate 88 through the pressing of the lower screw 861, and another signal cable is connected to the contact 89 through the pressing of the upper screw 871. The two signal cables are respectively connected to the corresponding signal ports of a controller (not shown in the figure) for controlling the operation of the servo motor 10. The two signal cables are used to feedback to the controller whether the radial probe 70 has contacted the surface of the wheel shaft 110. Among them: when the controller knows that the radial probe 70 has contacted the surface of the wheel shaft 110 because the contact 89 and the touch plate 88 change from contact to separation, the controller controls the servo motor 10 to stop the radial probe 70 from continuing to descend towards the surface of the wheel shaft 110, or makes the radial probe 70 continue to descend towards the surface of the wheel shaft 110 by a preset micro distance (such as 3 mm) to make the radial probe 70 more closely attached to the surface of the wheel shaft 110 by using the elasticity of the probe spring 75.

[0028] In the actual design, the touch plate 88 can be in a cover shape for easy screwing, of course, it is not limited. The design purpose of screwing the touch plate 88 is to adjust the positional relationship between the touch plate 88 and the contact 89. In addition, the contact 89 can be in an L shape for easy fixing, of course, it is not limited.

[0029] In the present invention, the signal sending rod 81 is made of a metal material. The upper insulating sleeve 87 and the lower insulating sleeve 86 are made of insulating materials. The contact 89 and the touch plate 88 are made of conductive materials (such as copper sheets). The functions of the upper insulating sleeve 87 and the lower insulating sleeve 86 are to electrically isolate the contact 89 and the touch plate 88 from the signal sending rod 81.

[0030] As Figure 5, the top block 82 includes a through tube 820 for passing through the lower rod 811 and clamping on the lower step surface of the upper rod 812. A plurality of strip-shaped blocks 821 are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the through tube 820, and a clamping platform structure 822 for stable clamping is formed on the lower surface of each strip-shaped block 821, where: the coupling liquid conduit 69 led out by the radial probe 70 passes through the gap 823 between two adjacent strip-shaped blocks 821 and the corresponding holes (not shown in the figure) opened on the side wall of the transition tube 64. The probe cable connected to the radial probe 70 is directly led out to the outside. The probe cable is connected to the controller, and the coupling liquid conduit 69 is connected to the corresponding coupling liquid supply device (a well-known device).

[0031] As Figures 6 to 12 , the radial probe 70 includes a probe cover 71. The probe cover 71 is provided with a coupling liquid inlet 718 and an outlet 719. A plurality of flow guide grooves 716 are provided on the inner wall of the probe cover 71. A five-crystal probe 72 is elastically and telescopically installed in the probe cover 71 via a probe spring 75. The five-crystal probe 72 protrudes from the open end of the probe cover 71. The probe cover 71 is provided with a rubber seal 74 at the open end. Each probe cable led out by the five-crystal probe 72 passes through the corresponding outlet 719 to the outside. The coupling liquid inlet 718 on the probe cover 71 is connected to the coupling liquid conduit 69 in a quick-connection manner, where: when the radial probe 70 contacts the surface of the wheel axle 110, due to the compression of the probe spring 75, the five-crystal probe 72 retracts into the probe cover 71, so that the five-crystal probe 72 is in the sealed space formed by the probe cover 71 and the rubber seal 74, and the crystal wafers 720 on the five-crystal probe 72 are immersed in the coupling liquid that is sent into the probe cover 71 via the coupling liquid conduit 69, flows down along the flow guide grooves 716, and flows out from the gap between the rubber seal 74 and the five-crystal probe 72, that is, the coupling liquid quickly fills the detection surface of the five-crystal probe 72, and then the five-crystal probe 72 is coupled with the surface of the wheel axle 110. Here, the rubber seal 74 prevents the rapid loss of the coupling liquid, so that the crystal wafers 720 of the five-crystal probe 72 are fully immersed in the coupling liquid.

[0032] Furthermore, the probe cover 71 includes a U-shaped shell 711. End caps 712 are installed at both ends of the U-shaped shell 711. The end caps 712 are fixed to the U-shaped shell 711 by fixing screws 713. Among them: The U-shaped shell 711 is composed of two shell side walls 7111 and a shell top 7112 connecting the two shell side walls 7111; A coupling liquid inlet 718 and a wire outlet 719 are provided on the shell top 7112. A spring installation groove 717 is provided on the inner side surface of the shell top 7112. Flow guide grooves 716 are provided on the inner side surfaces of the two shell side walls 7111; The probe spring 75 installed in the spring installation groove 717 is located between the shell top 7112 and the five-crystal probe 72 within the probe cover 71. That is, one end of the probe spring 75 is placed in the spring installation groove 717. The spring installation groove 717 prevents the probe spring 75 from falling out or moving around. The other end of the probe spring 75 abuts against the top surface of the five-crystal probe 72. The design of the probe spring 75 ensures that regardless of the surface roughness of the axle 110 or whether there are pits, the five-crystal probe 72 can always be tightly pressed against the surface of the axle 110; Cardboard installation grooves 715 for installing the cardboard 73 are provided on the two shell side walls 7111. A telescopic limit oblong hole 731 is provided on the cardboard 73 along the telescopic direction of the five-crystal probe 72. A probe introduction oblong hole 7151 corresponding to the telescopic limit oblong hole 731 is opened in the cardboard installation groove 715 of the shell side wall 7111. And the probe introduction oblong hole 7151 extends toward the open end of the probe cover 71 and opens to the edge of the shell side wall 7111 for the insertion of the limit posts 721 of the five-crystal probe 72; Limit posts 721 are provided on both sides of the five-crystal probe 72. Among them, when the two limit posts 721 of the five-crystal probe 72 are respectively placed in the probe introduction oblong holes 7151 on the two shell side walls 7111, the cardboard 73 is respectively fixedly installed in the cardboard installation grooves 715 on the two shell side walls 7111 by locking screws (not shown in the figure), so that the limit posts 721 of the five-crystal probe 72 protrude from the telescopic limit oblong holes 731 of the cardboard 73. Thus, under the elastic action of the probe spring 75, the five-crystal probe 72 performs a telescopic movement relative to the open end of the probe cover 71 by the up and down movement of the limit posts 721 in the probe introduction oblong holes 7151 and the telescopic limit oblong holes 731; A seal groove 714 is provided on the edge of the open end of the probe cover 71 formed by the U-shaped shell 711 and the end cap 712 of the probe cover 71. A rubber seal 74 is installed in the seal groove 714.

[0033] As Figure 8, generally, only one coupling liquid inlet 718 is designed. The outlet 719 is reasonably designed according to the number of probe cables led out by the five-crystal probe 72. Generally speaking, the five-crystal probe 72 leads out five probe cables, and the spring installation groove 717 can be designed as two. In addition, an assembly hole 7113 for screwing and assembling the screw 673 is also provided on the top of the shell 7112, so that the radial probe 70 is fixed on the connecting cylinder 661 at the bottom end of the sliding cylinder 66 through the assembly screw 673. Generally, the connecting cylinder 661 is thinner than the sliding cylinder 66, and the sliding cylinder 66 and the connecting cylinder 661 are integrally formed. The coupling liquid conduit 69 extends into the sliding cylinder 66 through the connecting cylinder 661.

[0034] Such as Figure 11 , preferably, the clamping plate 73 is in a T shape, and the clamping plate installation groove 715 on the side wall 7111 of the shell is also in a T shape. A locking hole 730 is also provided on the clamping plate 73, and a locking hole 7150 is also provided on the clamping plate installation groove 715. Thus, the clamping plate 73 is fixed in the clamping plate installation groove 715 on the side wall 7111 of the shell through the locking screws screwed into the locking holes 730 and 7150. Further, to cooperate with the design of the seal groove 714, a notch 732 for forming the seal groove 714 is provided on the clamping plate 73. The shape of the clamping plate 73 is not limited by the above, and can be reasonably designed according to actual needs.

[0035] In actual design, the present invention can be simply modified to the existing five-crystal probe 72 in the art, that is, a limit post 721 is designed on the five-crystal probe 72 and the detection surface of the five-crystal probe 72 is designed into a curved surface. Specifically:

[0036] The probe cover 71 and the five-crystal probe 72 are in a rectangular shape. The five wafers 720 on the five-crystal probe 72 are arranged along the length direction of the five-crystal probe 72 itself, where: Such as Figure 7 , the open end of the probe cover 71 and the detection surface of the five-crystal probe 72 present a concave arc shape in their respective width directions, and a rubber seal 74 installed at the open position of the probe cover 71 also presents a concave arc shape in the width direction of the probe cover 71, so as to facilitate the detection surface of the five-crystal probe 72 and the rubber seal 74 to closely adhere to the arc surface of the wheel axle 110.

[0037] In actual design, the probe cover 71 is made of steel. Such as Figure 6 , the figure shows the length, width and height directions of the probe cover 71 and the five-crystal probe 72.

[0038] In the present invention, on the top surface of the five-crystal probe 72, there is a cable outlet 722 for leading out the probe cable, and the cable outlet 722 extends out from the wire outlet 719 on the U-shaped shell 711. The five-crystal probe 72 should have a certain gap (such as 1 mm) around the probe cover 71 within the probe cover 71, so that the five-crystal probe 72 can float back and forth, left and right, and up and down within the probe cover 71 under the elastic action of the probe spring 75, better adapting to the surface condition of the axle 110.

[0039] During flaw detection, the five-crystal probe 72 is placed along its own length direction in accordance with the length direction of the axle 110. The arc surface of the five-crystal probe 72 in its own width direction should be designed according to the maximum outer arc surface of the entire axle body of the axle 110, so as to well meet the axle detection requirements within different diameter ranges of the axle body.

[0040] In the present invention, probes with other numbers of wafers can also be used according to actual needs, such as three-crystal probes, seven-crystal probes, etc., without limitation.

[0041] In actual application, the coupling liquid is a mixture of water and saponifying liquid in a ratio of 25:1. Of course, there is no limitation, and coupling liquids with other components can also be adopted, which is a well-known technology.

[0042] In the present invention, the purpose of designing the coupling liquid is as follows: The axle body of the wheels installed on rail locomotives and vehicles has no obstacles. Therefore, when the rail locomotives and vehicles are running at high speed, the axle body of the wheels will be impacted by flying sand and stones at high speed and eroded by water vapor and fog. Therefore, the surface of the axle body is likely to become rough, that is, become pitted and uneven. Therefore, during the flaw detection process, when the radial probe 70 of the present invention touches the surface of the axle 110, it is preferably to use water plus saponifying liquid as the coupling liquid to achieve effective coupling between the radial probe 70 and the surface of the axle 110, greatly enhancing the detection accuracy, and adopting the method of spraying during flaw detection and stopping spraying when not detecting.

[0043] In other words, during the process of ultrasonic B-scan flaw detection, the radial probe 70 needs to always maintain a good contact state with the surface of the axle 110, that is, it needs to have a good coupling effect, so as to ensure the accuracy of the flaw detection result. Therefore, the present invention designs the radial probe 70 into a structure with a liquid storage function. The radial probe 70 with this structure ensures good coupling when it contacts the surface of the axle 110, including the stability and effectiveness of emitting ultrasonic beams.

[0044] In the present invention, the detection surface of the five-crystal probe 72 of the radial probe 70 is arranged radially towards the axle body of the axle 110, so it is called a radial probe.

[0045] The present invention is applicable to axles of different diameters. The present invention uses ultrasonic B-type scanning for flaw detection. B-type scanning is an existing scanning technology in the field of flaw detection and will not be described in detail here.

[0046] During flaw detection, the part to be inspected on the axle 110 is moved directly below the radial probe 70 of the present invention. The controller then controls the servo motor 10, driving the ball screw 40 to rotate. This, in turn, drives the vertical probe 60 and radial probe 70 downward, guided by the slider 50 sliding along the vertical linear guide 31. When the radial probe 70 moves from not contacting the surface of the wheel axle 110 to contacting the surface of the wheel axle 110, the slide 66 slides upward under the support of the radial probe 70, and at the same time lifts the top block 82, so that the top block 82 drives the signal rod 81 and the contact 89 thereon to move upward, so that the contact 89 changes from contact with the contact plate 88 to separation. At this time, the change from closed to open between the contact 89 and the contact plate 88 is fed back to the controller via the signal cable, so that the controller knows that the radial probe 70 has contacted the surface of the wheel axle 110, and then the controller delays the movement of the servo motor 10, that is, the radial probe 70 continues to move toward the surface of the wheel axle 110 for a preset micro distance (such as 3 mm) and then stops. This effectively utilizes the elasticity of the probe spring 75, so that the radial probe 70 is more closely attached to the surface of the wheel axle 110 for flaw detection. At this time, the coupling liquid is sent into the probe cover 71 of the radial probe 70 through the coupling liquid conduit 69, so that the five crystals 720 of the five-crystal probe 72 are immersed in the coupling liquid. On the basis of maintaining good coupling between the five-crystal probe 72 and the surface of the wheel shaft 110, the controller controls the crystals 720 through the probe cable to start emitting ultrasonic beams, thereby realizing ultrasonic flaw detection.

[0047] Each of the five crystals 720 on the five-crystal probe 72 is positioned near the wheel seat insert, emitting ultrasonic beams toward the fatigue zone of the wheel seat insert. However, the angles of the ultrasonic beams emitted are different. Thus, while each of the five crystals 720 detects fatigue cracks within the fatigue zone of the wheel seat insert at its own detection angle, the wheel axle 110 rotates 360°, thereby completing a complete flaw detection (or scanning) of the wheel seat insert. Preferably, the radial probe 70 is then moved a step distance along the length of the wheel axle 110 before performing another complete flaw detection cycle, thus completing the entire flaw detection process. This process is equivalent to 10 crystals inspecting the same wheel seat insert. This ensures that the wheel seat insert is fully covered by the ultrasonic beam, greatly increasing the accuracy and reliability of the flaw detection results.

[0048] The present invention can achieve efficient and non-destructive ultrasonic flaw detection (B-scan) for the axles of railway locomotives and vehicles, can timely detect fatigue cracks in the inserted parts of wheel seats, has a high degree of flaw detection automation, and the flaw detection results are accurate and reliable, ensuring the quality of axles and being suitable for popularization.

[0049] The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles applied therein. For those skilled in the art, any obvious changes such as equivalent transformations and simple substitutions based on the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical detection device for ultrasonic flaw detection of wheel axles, characterized in that: It includes a base on which a servo motor is installed. The output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the top end of a ball screw via a coupling. The bottom end of the ball screw is connected to the top end of a vertical probe via a screw nut. A radial probe is installed at the bottom end of the vertical probe. Sliders are installed on both sides of the vertical probe and are slidably installed on the vertical linear guide rails on the base. The ball screw rotates under the drive of the servo motor through the coupling. Thus, under the guiding action of the sliders sliding along the vertical linear guide rails, the ball screw drives the vertical probe and the radial probe to move up and down. The vertical probe includes a probe body. The bottom end of the probe body is connected to the top end of a transition cylinder. The bottom end of the transition cylinder is connected to the top end of the radial probe via a sliding cylinder. A transmitter is provided in the probe body and the transition cylinder. Wherein: when the radial probe does not contact the surface of the wheel axle, the top block on the transmitter abuts against the top end of the sliding cylinder, and the contact on the transmitter is in contact with the contact plate; when the radial probe descends under the driving of the vertical probe and contacts the surface of the wheel axle, the sliding cylinder slides upward under the abutting action of the radial probe and jacks up the top block on the transmitter, so that the contact on the transmitter is separated from the contact plate, thus realizing the signal feedback that the radial probe has contacted the surface of the wheel axle. Wherein: the probe body includes a probe cylinder. The top opening of the probe cylinder is provided with a top cover and the bottom opening is provided with a bottom cover. The top opening of the transition cylinder is sealed by a sealing cover and the transition cylinder is fixed at the bottom end of the probe body by a set screw installed between the sealing cover and the bottom cover. The bottom opening of the transition cylinder is open and a sliding cylinder is installed in the bottom end of the transition cylinder through a linear bearing so as to be able to slide up and down. The top block on the transmitter moves in the transition cylinder between the linear bearing and the sealing cover under the action of the sliding cylinder. The transmitter includes a transmitting rod. Wherein: the transmitting rod is composed of an upper rod and a lower rod. The upper rod is thicker than the lower rod. A step is formed at the connecting part of the upper rod and the lower rod so that the top block sleeved on the lower rod can be stuck on the lower step surface of the upper rod. An installation seat is fixedly installed on the top cover of the probe body. A contact plate is fixedly installed on the installation seat through a lower insulating sleeve. The lower insulating sleeve and the contact plate are outside the probe body. The lower rod is in the transition cylinder. The upper rod penetrates through the transition cylinder and the probe body and extends out of the probe body through the installation seat, the lower insulating sleeve and the contact plate movably. A contact head is fixedly installed on the top end of the upper rod extending out of the probe body through an upper insulating sleeve. A limiting ring is also installed on the part of the upper rod in the probe body. A compression spring sleeved on the upper rod is between the limiting ring and the installation seat. When the radial probe does not contact the surface of the wheel axle, the top block abuts against the top end of the sliding cylinder under the elastic action of the compression spring and the abutting action of the bottom end of the upper rod, so that the contact head is in contact with the contact plate; when the radial probe descends under the lifting and driving of the vertical probe and contacts the surface of the wheel axle, the sliding cylinder slides upward under the abutting action of the radial probe and jacks up the top block, so that the top block drives the transmitting rod and the upper insulating sleeve and the contact head to move upward together, thus separating the contact head from the contact plate.

2. The vertical detection device for axle ultrasonic flaw detection according to claim 1, wherein: A guiding long hole is vertically provided on the sliding cylinder, and a guiding screw extends into the guiding long hole through the threaded hole of the transition cylinder.

3. The vertical detection device for axle ultrasonic flaw detection according to claim 1, wherein: An oil injection hole is formed on the side wall of the transition cylinder, so that after the lubricating oil is injected into the transition cylinder through the oil injection hole, it flows along the inner wall of the transition cylinder to the top block, the linear bearing and the sliding cylinder to achieve the purpose of lubrication and rust prevention.

4. The vertical detection device for axle ultrasonic flaw detection according to claim 1, wherein: A positioning pin is installed on the mounting seat, and the positioning pin extends into the vertically provided positioning long hole on the upper rod to prevent the signal sending rod from rotating and ensure that the signal sending rod only moves up and down; The touch plate is screwed on the lower insulating sleeve and fixed to the lower insulating sleeve through a lower screw, the contact head is fixed to the upper insulating sleeve through an upper screw, a signal cable is connected to the touch plate through the lower screw, and another signal cable is connected to the contact head through the upper screw. The two signal cables are connected to a controller for controlling the operation of the servo motor, wherein: when the controller knows that the radial probe has contacted the axle surface because the contact head and the touch plate change from contact to separation, the controller controls the servo motor to stop the radial probe from continuing to descend towards the axle surface, or make the radial probe continue to descend towards the axle surface by a preset micro-distance.

5. The vertical detection device for axle ultrasonic flaw detection according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The top block includes a through cylinder for passing through the lower rod and being stuck on the lower step surface of the upper rod. A plurality of strip-shaped blocks are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the through cylinder, and a clamping platform structure for stable clamping is formed on the lower surface of each strip-shaped block, wherein: the coupling liquid conduit led out by the radial probe passes through the gap between two adjacent strip-shaped blocks and the corresponding hole formed on the side wall of the transition cylinder.

6. The vertical detection device for axle ultrasonic flaw detection according to claim 5, wherein: The radial probe includes a probe cover, a coupling liquid inlet and an outlet are provided on the probe cover, a plurality of diversion grooves are provided on the inner wall of the probe cover, a five-crystal probe is elastically and telescopically installed in the probe cover through a probe spring, the five-crystal probe exposes from the open end of the probe cover, a rubber seal is provided at the open end of the probe cover, each probe cable led out by the five-crystal probe passes through the corresponding outlet, and the coupling liquid inlet on the probe cover is connected to the coupling liquid conduit, wherein: after the radial probe contacts the axle surface, due to the compression of the probe spring, the five-crystal probe retracts into the probe cover, so that the five-crystal probe is in the sealed space formed by the probe cover and the rubber seal, and the wafers on the five-crystal probe are soaked by the coupling liquid that is sent into the probe cover through the coupling liquid conduit, flows along the diversion grooves and flows out from the gap between the rubber seal and the five-crystal probe.

7. The vertical detection device for axle ultrasonic flaw detection according to claim 6, wherein: The probe cover includes a U-shaped shell, and end caps are installed at both ends of the U-shaped shell. Specifically: The U-shaped shell is composed of two shell side walls and a shell top connecting the two shell side walls; the coupling liquid inlet and the wire outlet are provided on the shell top, a spring installation groove is provided on the inner side surface of the shell top, and the diversion grooves are provided on the inner side surfaces of the two shell side walls; the probe spring installed in the spring installation groove is located between the shell top and the five-crystal probe within the probe cover; card installation grooves for installing the card plates are provided on the two shell side walls, a telescopic limit oblong hole is provided on the card plate along the direction of the telescopic movement of the five-crystal probe, a probe introduction oblong hole corresponding to the telescopic limit oblong hole is opened in the card installation groove, and the probe introduction oblong hole extends towards the open end of the probe cover and opens to the edge of the shell side wall for the installation of the limit posts of the five-crystal probe; limit posts are provided on both sides of the five-crystal probe. Among them, when the two limit posts of the five-crystal probe are respectively placed in the probe introduction oblong holes on the two shell side walls, the card plates are respectively fixedly installed in the card installation grooves on the two shell side walls through locking screws, so that the limit posts of the five-crystal probe extend out from the telescopic limit oblong holes of the card plate. Thus, under the elastic action of the probe spring, the five-crystal probe makes a telescopic movement relative to the open end of the probe cover by the up and down movement of the limit posts in the probe introduction oblong hole and the telescopic limit oblong hole; a seal groove is provided on the edge of the open end of the probe cover formed by the U-shaped shell and the end cap of the probe cover, and the rubber seal is installed in the seal groove.

8. The vertical detection device for axle ultrasonic flaw detection according to claim 7, wherein: The probe cover and the five-crystal probe are in a rectangular shape, and the five crystals on the five-crystal probe are arranged along the length direction of the five-crystal probe itself. Specifically: The open end of the probe cover and the detection surface of the five-crystal probe are concave arc-shaped in their respective width directions, and the rubber seal installed in a circle at the open end position of the probe cover is concave arc-shaped in the width direction of the probe cover, so as to facilitate the detection surface of the five-crystal probe and the rubber seal to closely adhere to the arc surface of the axle.

9. The vertical detection device for axle ultrasonic flaw detection according to claim 6, wherein: The coupling liquid is a mixture of water and saponified liquid in a ratio of 25:1.

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