Pipeline defect and fluid flow synchronous measurement device and method

Abstract

The application provides a pipeline defect and fluid flow synchronous measurement device and method, a signal generator is used for generating an excitation signal; an excitation transducer is used for generating an electromagnetic ultrasonic signal in a pipeline to be tested under the excitation of the excitation signal, and receiving a reflected signal of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal; a receiving transducer is used for receiving the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal after propagation in the pipeline to be tested; and an ADC digital acquisition system is used for receiving the reflected signal sent by the excitation transducer and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal sent by the receiving transducer, and calculating fluid flow of the pipeline to be tested and a pipeline defect position of the pipeline to be tested based on the received signals. The application can realize synchronous measurement of pipeline defects and pipeline fluid flow, is simple to install, has high measurement precision and high detection efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of test metrology and non-destructive testing, in particular to a pipeline defect and in-pipe fluid flow synchronous measurement device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Pipeline is the main artery of modern social and economic development, and oil, natural gas, chemical raw materials and the like are mostly transported by pipeline. Pipeline transportation plays an important role in various industries, and pipeline quality detection is a necessary means to ensure transportation safety. Therefore, pipeline non-destructive testing technology has always been a research hotspot, and pipeline internal fluid flow measurement and detection work is also essential in pipeline detection.

[0003] At present, the main methods for online, long-distance and non-contact pipeline detection are residual magnetic detection, eddy current detection and ultrasonic detection. Among them, the residual magnetic detection method and the eddy current detection method both need to move the detection device inside or outside the pipeline to realize long-distance detection, such as the relatively mature pipeline pig. The ultrasonic detection method can use guided wave transmission mode for non-moving long-distance detection. Pipeline fluid flow detection is a very common field, and the commonly used non-contact methods include electromagnetic flowmeters and ultrasonic flowmeters, which use ultrasonic upstream and downstream time difference or Doppler effect to realize flow measurement. However, the above methods mostly use piezoelectric materials to excite ultrasonic waves, which has the problems of small ultrasonic wave propagation volume in the fluid, special installation position and contact with the fluid.

[0004] Ultrasonic detection has developed rapidly in pipeline flow and defect measurement due to its high detection accuracy, low cost, fast response, easy installation and non-contact advantages. Ultrasonic guided wave, as a mode of ultrasonic excitation, can propagate over long distances in waveguide structures and is suitable for checking pipeline defects. Piezoelectric ultrasonic waves need to use a coupling agent to couple energy into the material being detected, and high and low temperature environments can cause the coupling agent to fail, thereby limiting the use of the method in certain scenarios.

[0005] In summary, there is currently a lack of detection methods and means that can simultaneously detect pipeline defects and measure flow, and pipeline defect detection and flow measurement cannot be installed and detected in large pipe diameters and extreme environments. SUMMARY

[0006] Therefore, the purpose of the present application is to provide a pipeline defect and in-pipe fluid flow synchronous measurement device and method, which can realize the synchronous measurement of pipeline defects and pipeline fluid flow, is easy to install, has high measurement accuracy and high detection efficiency.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solutions adopted by the embodiments of the present application are as follows:

[0008] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a pipeline defect and fluid flow synchronous measurement device, comprising: a signal generator, an excitation transducer, a receiving transducer, and an ADC digital acquisition system; wherein the excitation transducer and the receiving transducer are arranged on a pipeline to be tested; the signal generator is configured to generate an excitation signal; the excitation transducer is configured to generate an electromagnetic ultrasonic signal in the pipeline to be tested under the excitation of the excitation signal, and receive a reflected signal of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal; the receiving transducer is configured to receive the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal after propagating in the pipeline to be tested; and the ADC digital acquisition system is configured to receive the reflected signal sent by the excitation transducer and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal sent by the receiving transducer, and calculate the fluid flow of the pipeline to be tested and the pipeline defect position of the pipeline to be tested based on the received signals.

[0009] In an embodiment, the ADC digital acquisition system is configured to calculate the pipeline defect position of the pipeline to be tested according to a time interval between a first time at which the excitation transducer generates the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal and a second time at which the excitation transducer receives the reflected signal, and a group velocity of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal in the pipe wall of the pipeline to be tested; and the ADC digital acquisition system is further configured to calculate a flow rate of the fluid in the pipeline to be tested according to time information of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal received by the receiving transducer, and calculate the fluid flow of the pipeline to be tested based on the flow rate and pipe diameter information of the pipeline to be tested.

[0010] In an embodiment, the device further comprises: a high-power pulse signal amplification module, a duplexer, and an impedance matching module; the high-power pulse signal amplification module is configured to amplify the excitation signal; and the duplexer is configured to input the amplified excitation signal to the excitation transducer through the impedance matching module.

[0011] In an embodiment, the device further comprises: a power limiting module, a programmed gain operational amplifier module, and a variable filter; the power limiting module is configured to limit the amplitude of the reflected signal sent by the excitation transducer and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal sent by the receiving transducer; the programmed gain operational amplifier module is configured to amplify the filtered reflected signal and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal; and the variable filter is configured to filter the amplified reflected signal and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal, and send the filtered reflected signal and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal to the ADC digital acquisition system.

[0012] In an embodiment, the excitation transducer sends the received reflected signal to the power limiting module through the impedance matching module and the duplexer in sequence; and the receiving transducer sends the received electromagnetic ultrasonic signal to the power limiting module through the impedance matching module and the duplexer in sequence.

[0013] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for synchronously measuring a pipeline defect and a fluid flow in a pipeline, which is applied to the pipeline defect and fluid flow synchronous measurement device provided in any of the first aspect, and comprises: generating an excitation signal by a signal generator; generating an electromagnetic ultrasonic signal in the pipeline to be tested by an excitation transducer based on the excitation signal; receiving a reflection signal of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal by the excitation transducer, and receiving the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal propagated in the pipeline to be tested by a receiving transducer; receiving the reflection signal sent by the excitation transducer and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal sent by the receiving transducer by an ADC digital acquisition system, and calculating the fluid flow in the pipeline to be tested and the pipeline defect position of the pipeline to be tested based on the received signals.

[0014] In an embodiment, the calculation of the fluid flow in the pipeline to be tested and the pipeline defect position of the pipeline to be tested based on the received signals comprises: calculating the pipeline defect position of the pipeline to be tested according to a time interval between a first time when the excitation transducer generates the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal and a second time when the excitation transducer receives the reflection signal, and a group velocity of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal in the pipe wall of the pipeline to be tested; calculating the flow rate of the fluid in the pipeline to be tested according to time information of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal received by the receiving transducer, and calculating the fluid flow in the pipeline to be tested based on the flow rate and pipe diameter information of the pipeline to be tested.

[0015] In an embodiment, after the excitation signal is generated by the signal generator, the method further comprises: amplifying the excitation signal by a high-power pulse signal amplification module; inputting the amplified excitation signal to the excitation transducer through an impedance matching module by a duplexer.

[0016] In an embodiment, before the excitation signal is generated by the signal generator, the method further comprises: determining a wave mode based on material properties and pipe diameter information of the pipeline to be tested, and determining the excitation transducer and the receiving transducer based on the wave mode; determining the impedance matching module based on impedance characteristics of a coil of the excitation transducer and output impedance information of the high-power pulse signal amplification module; determining a frequency of the excitation signal based on the wave mode.

[0017] In an embodiment, the receiving, by the ADC digital acquisition system, of the reflection signal sent by the excitation transducer and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal sent by the receiving transducer comprises: sequentially sending, by the excitation transducer, the received reflection signal to the power limiting module through the impedance matching module and the diplexer, and sequentially sending, by the receiving transducer, the received electromagnetic ultrasonic signal to the power limiting module through the impedance matching module and the diplexer; performing amplitude limiting, by the power limiting module, on the reflection signal sent by the excitation transducer and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal sent by the receiving transducer; performing amplification, by the program-controlled gain operational amplifier module, on the filtered reflection signal and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal; performing filtering processing, by the variable filter, on the amplified reflection signal and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal, and sending the filtered reflection signal and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal to the ADC digital acquisition system.

[0018] The embodiments of the present application bring the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The above-mentioned pipeline defect and fluid flow synchronous measurement device and method provided by the embodiments of the present application comprise a signal generator, an excitation transducer, a receiving transducer and an ADC digital acquisition system; wherein the excitation transducer and the receiving transducer are arranged on a pipeline to be tested; the signal generator is used to generate an excitation signal; the excitation transducer is used to generate an electromagnetic ultrasonic signal in the pipeline to be tested under the excitation of the excitation signal, and receive a reflection signal of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal; the receiving transducer is used to receive the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal after propagation in the pipeline to be tested; and the ADC digital acquisition system is used to receive the reflection signal sent by the excitation transducer and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal sent by the receiving transducer, and calculate the fluid flow of the pipeline to be tested and the pipeline defect position of the pipeline to be tested based on the received signals. The above-mentioned device provided by the embodiments of the present application realizes the synchronous measurement of the pipeline defect and the pipeline fluid flow by installing the excitation transducer and the receiving transducer on the pipeline to be tested and utilizing the propagation of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal, which is simple to install, high in measurement precision and detection efficiency; meanwhile, the excitation transducer can realize the propagation of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal in all liquids in the measurement range, thereby improving the accuracy and robustness of the pipeline defect and pipeline fluid flow measurement.

[0020] Other features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the following description, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the description, or can be learned by practice of the present application. The objects and other advantages of the present application will be realized and achieved by the structure particularly pointed out in the description, the claims, and the drawings.

[0021] In order to make the above objectives, characteristics and advantages of the present application more apparent and easy to understand, the following preferred embodiments are specifically described below, and the accompanying drawings are referred to. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort on the basis of these drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a pipeline defect and fluid flow synchronous measurement device provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0024] Figure 2 An ultrasonic energy propagation path schematic diagram in a liquid-filled pipeline provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0025] Figure 3 A three-dimensional pipeline ultrasonic guided wave propagation schematic diagram provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0026] Figure 4 An ultrasonic energy coupling into fluid schematic diagram in a solid provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0027] Figure 5 A structural schematic diagram of another pipeline defect and fluid flow synchronous measurement device provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0028] Figure 6 A pipeline ultrasonic guided wave dispersion curve provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0029] Figure 7 A wave structure schematic diagram provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0030] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a flexible coil provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0031] Figure 9 An ultrasonic excitation signal diagram provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0032] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a transducer with different pipe wall materials provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0033] Figure 11 A voltage signal diagram received by a receiving transducer provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0034] Figure 12 An ultrasonic signal compensation schematic diagram provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0035] Figure 13 A flowchart of a pipeline defect and fluid flow synchronous measurement method provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0036] Icon:

[0037] 10 - signal generator; 20 - excitation transducer; 30 - receiving transducer; 40 - ADC digital acquisition system; 50 - high-power pulse signal amplification module; 60 - duplexer; 70 - impedance matching module; 80 - power limiting module; 90 - programmable gain operational amplifier module; 100 - variable filter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] To make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0039] The detection of fluid flow in a pipeline is a very common field. Currently, commonly used non-contact methods include electromagnetic flowmeters and ultrasonic flowmeters, which use ultrasonic upstream and downstream time difference or Doppler effect to realize flow measurement. However, the above methods mostly use piezoelectric materials to excite ultrasonic waves, which has problems such as small ultrasonic wave propagation volume in the fluid, special installation position and contact with the fluid.

[0040] Ultrasonic detection has developed rapidly in pipeline flow and defect measurement due to its high detection accuracy, low cost, fast response, easy installation and non-contact. Ultrasonic guided wave, as a mode of ultrasonic excitation, can propagate over a long distance in a waveguide structure and is suitable for checking pipeline defects. In the application of piezoelectric ultrasonic, a coupling agent is used to couple energy into the material being detected, but high and low temperature environments can cause the coupling agent to fail, thereby limiting the use scenarios of the method. Therefore, there is currently a lack of detection methods and means that can simultaneously detect pipeline defects and measure flow, and pipeline defect detection and flow measurement cannot be installed and detected in the case of large pipe diameter and extreme environment.

[0041] Electromagnetic ultrasonic guided waves have low energy conversion efficiency and are less commonly used in fluid measurement. However, considering that the energy attenuation of guided waves is relatively small, electromagnetic ultrasonic guided waves can be used to realize the simultaneous detection of fluid flow and pipeline defects after modal selection. Based on this, the embodiments of the present application provide a pipeline defect and in-pipe fluid flow synchronous measurement device and method, which can realize the simultaneous measurement of pipeline defects and pipeline fluid flow, is easy to install, has high measurement accuracy and high detection efficiency.

[0042] In order to facilitate the understanding of the embodiments, first, a pipeline defect and in-pipe fluid flow synchronous measurement device disclosed by the embodiments of the present application will be introduced in detail, referring to Figure 1The schematic diagram shown illustrates the structure of a device for synchronously measuring pipeline defects and fluid flow rate. The device mainly includes: a signal generator 10, an excitation transducer 20, a receiving transducer 30, and an ADC digital acquisition system 40; wherein, the excitation transducer 20 and the receiving transducer 30 are disposed on the pipeline being tested.

[0043] Signal generator 10 is used to generate excitation signals. Specifically, signal generator 10 can be an arbitrary function generator responsible for generating excitation signals with a certain frequency (it can generate signal types with arbitrary modulation).

[0044] Excitation transducer 20 is used to generate electromagnetic ultrasonic signals in the tested pipeline under the excitation signal, and to receive the reflected electromagnetic ultrasonic signals; receiving transducer 30 is used to receive the electromagnetic ultrasonic signals propagating in the tested pipeline. Specifically, excitation transducer 20 and receiving transducer 30 can induce electromagnetic ultrasonic signals by the vibration of the pipeline wall particles caused by a current signal (excitation signal). Simultaneously, the vibration of the pipeline wall particles can cut the magnetic field, generating an induced voltage on the coils of excitation transducer 20 and receiving transducer 30, thus receiving the electromagnetic ultrasonic signals. Excitation transducer 20 and receiving transducer 30 are electromagnetic ultrasonic transducers. The principle of ultrasound in electromagnetic ultrasonic transducers can be divided into two categories: Lorentz force and magnetostrictive force. Lorentz force is applicable to all metallic pipelines, while magnetostrictive force is only applicable to ferromagnetic metallic pipelines. In non-metallic pipelines, surface-fixed high-performance magnetostrictive sheets can also be used to achieve ultrasonic excitation and reception.

[0045] See Figure 2 As shown, the electromagnetic ultrasonic signals in the pipe wall are according to Figure 2 It propagates through two paths, among which, Figure 2 The path diagram only shows a two-dimensional path along the circumferential cross-section. In reality, within a three-dimensional pipe, path 1 transmits the ultrasonic energy circumferentially along the pipe wall, and the same applies to path 2. All 360° circumferential ultrasonic energy in the pipe is coupled into the fluid, forming a conical covering volume within the fluid. If a defect appears in the pipe wall, the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal in path 1 will be reflected back to the excitation transducer 20, which will then receive the reflected signal. If the flow velocity of the fluid inside the pipe changes, the position of the compressed ultrasonic waves reaching the pipe wall will change, thus causing a change in the signal reception time of the receiving transducer 30. In path 2, after the compressed ultrasonic waves reach the pipe wall, they propagate along both sides of the pipe's axial direction. At this time, not only the receiving transducer 30 but also the excitation transducer 20 can receive the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal. Figure 3 As shown.

[0046] The ADC digital acquisition system 40 is used for receiving the reflected signal sent by the excitation transducer 20 and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal sent by the receiving transducer 30, and calculating the fluid flow of the tested pipeline and the pipeline defect position of the tested pipeline based on the received signals. Specifically, the ADC digital acquisition system 40 can convert the received signals into digital quantities, facilitate the later signal processing, and obtain the pipe wall defect position and the fluid flow.

[0047] The above pipeline defect and in-pipe fluid flow synchronous measurement device provided by the embodiment of the application can realize the synchronous measurement of the pipeline defect and the pipeline fluid flow by installing the excitation transducer and the receiving transducer on the tested pipeline and using the propagation of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal, and has the advantages of simple installation, high measurement precision and high detection efficiency. Meanwhile, the propagation of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal in the whole liquid in the measurement range can be realized by the excitation transducer, and the accuracy and robustness of the pipeline defect and pipeline fluid flow measurement are improved.

[0048] In order to more accurately measure the pipeline defect and the pipeline fluid flow, the embodiment of the application provides a pipeline full-circumferential transit flow detection method and a pipeline defect detection method. The basic principle of the pipeline full-circumferential transit flow detection method is as follows:

[0049] Referring to FIG. 2, Figure 4 According to the basic theory of the coupling vibration energy propagation of the ultrasonic guided wave in the solid and the surface fluid, the guided wave surface can couple ultrasonic energy to the fluid at a fixed angle θ, so as to generate a compression wave in the fluid. Specifically,

[0050]

[0051] In the formula, c f is the sound speed of the compression wave in the liquid, c p is the phase velocity of the ultrasonic in the pipe wall.

[0052] As shown in FIG. 3, Figure 2 there are two transmission paths of ultrasonic energy in the pipe wall, one is the path of ultrasonic transmission in the pipe wall, and the other is the ultrasonic propagation path formed by the energy coupled to the fluid. Among them, the ultrasonic mode propagating in the first path is a mode with small vibration energy perpendicular to the wall surface, and the energy coupled to the fluid is small, which is suitable for transmission in the pipe wall. The second path propagates at an angle of θ perpendicular to the wall surface, at this time, it will be affected by the fluid flow rate, and different flow rates will result in different fluid propagation paths and transit times. First, in the case of zero flow rate, the time required by path 2 is:

[0053] t total =t pipe +t fluid

[0054] where tpipe t = L / c fluid t = L / c pipe = L / c g L is the path length needed to propagate in the pipe wall, c g is the group velocity of ultrasound in the pipe wall, t fluid = r2 / sin θ c f r2 is the inner diameter of the pipe wall, c f is the speed of sound in the fluid.

[0055] When the fluid in the pipe has a flow velocity , the analysis using ray tracing is:

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] where, is the position vector in the ray tracing method, v is the flow velocity vector, is the slowness vector, defined as:

[0059]

[0060] At the wave propagation direction , the unit vector normal to the wave front is denoted as:

[0061]

[0062] At t = 0, the path of ultrasound in the fluid from (x, z) = (0, d) can be represented as:

[0063]

[0064] By substituting z = d + r2 into the above equation, the transit time of ultrasound in the fluid is consistent with the case of zero flow velocity, but the arrival position of the pipe wall has changed, and the upstream and downstream arrival positions have changed to:

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Therefore, the time of ultrasound propagation in the pipe wall in path 2 changes to:

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] wherein h is the distance between the excitation transducer 20 and the receiving transducer 30.

[0071] For the detection of defects in the pipe wall, the basic principle is that the defects will hinder the normal propagation of the electromagnetic ultrasonic guided wave in the pipe wall, causing the reflection of the ultrasonic signal, and the reflected signal is received by the bidirectional working excitation transducer 20, and the time difference between the excitation signal and the reflected signal is calculated, so as to locate the axial position information of the defect in the pipeline.

[0072] Based on the above principle, the ADC digital acquisition system 40 in the embodiment of the application is used to calculate the pipe defect position of the tested pipeline according to the time interval between the first time when the excitation transducer 20 generates the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal and the second time when the excitation transducer 20 receives the reflected signal, and the group velocity of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal in the pipe wall of the tested pipeline. Specifically, the axial position of the pipe wall defect is the echo signal interval time (the time interval between the first time and the second time) divided by the group velocity.

[0073] Further, the ADC digital acquisition system 40 is also used to calculate the flow rate of the fluid in the tested pipeline according to the time information of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal received by the receiving transducer 30, and calculate the fluid flow of the tested pipeline based on the flow rate and the pipe diameter information of the tested pipeline. Specifically, the flow rate of the fluid can be obtained by using the time information of the receiving transducer 30, and the fluid flow can be calculated by using the pipe diameter information and the flow rate.

[0074] The embodiment of the application also provides another pipe defect and fluid flow synchronous measurement device, as shown in Figure 5 , which is based on Figure 1 , and further comprises a high-power pulse signal amplification module 50, a duplexer 60, an impedance matching module 70, a power limiting module 80, a programmed gain operational amplification module 90 and a variable filter 100.

[0075] In an embodiment, the high-power pulse signal amplification module 50 is used to amplify the excitation signal; the duplexer 60 is used to input the amplified excitation signal to the excitation transducer 20 through the impedance matching module 70; the power limiting module 80 is used to limit the amplitude of the reflected signal sent by the excitation transducer 20 and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal sent by the receiving transducer 30; the programmed gain operational amplification module 90 is used to amplify the filtered reflected signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal; and the variable filter 100 is used to filter the amplified reflected signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal, and send the filtered reflected signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal to the ADC digital acquisition system 40.

[0076] The excitation transducer 20 sends the received reflected signal to the power limiting module 80 through the impedance matching module 70 and the diplexer 60 in turn; the receiving transducer 30 sends the received electromagnetic ultrasonic signal to the power limiting module 80 through the impedance matching module 70 and the diplexer 60 in turn.

[0077] Specifically, the high-power pulse signal amplification module 50 can amplify the excitation signal generated by the signal generator 10 into a high-voltage and high-current signal to drive the excitation transducer 20, and the high-voltage and high-current signal enters the excitation transducer 20 through the diplexer 60 and the impedance matching module 70, wherein the diplexer 60 is a bidirectional device that can not only make the signal enter the transducer but also feed back the signal received by the transducer. Since the transducer coil is a non-purely resistive device, in order to ensure that the high-voltage and high-current signal of the high-power pulse signal amplification module 50 can enter the excitation transducer 20 with high efficiency, the impedance matching module 70 can transform the impedance of the transducer (including the excitation transducer and the receiving transducer) to resistance, thereby improving the signal utilization efficiency.

[0078] The reflected signal received by the excitation transducer 20 and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal received by the receiving transducer 30 enter the later-stage conditioning circuit through the impedance matching module 70 and the diplexer 60. In order to avoid excessive signal damage to the later-stage conditioning circuit, the power limiting module 80 can be used to limit the amplitude of the signals of the excitation transducer 20 and the receiving transducer 30, and then the program-controlled gain operational amplifier module 90, the variable filter 100 and the ADC digital acquisition system 40 are respectively responsible for amplifying, filtering and analog-digital converting the reflected signal received by the excitation transducer 20 and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal received by the receiving transducer 30, so as to facilitate the processing of the signals in the later stage and the calculation of the fluid flow and the positioning of the pipeline defects.

[0079] In order to facilitate understanding, the embodiment of the present application also provides specific examples of calculating the fluid flow and positioning the pipeline defects based on the above-mentioned device, mainly including the following processes:

[0080] (1) First, the dispersion curve of the corresponding free hollow cylindrical structure of the detected pipeline and the wave structure at different frequencies under different modes are calculated according to the material properties, inner and outer radius and other parameters of the detected pipeline, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 Then, the appropriate wave mode perpendicular to the wall displacement and parallel to the wall displacement is selected according to the calculated dispersion curve and wave structure, so as to ensure that sufficient energy can be propagated in the pipe wall of the liquid-filled pipeline and coupled into the fluid under the mode, and at the same time, it also needs to meet the condition that the frequency dispersion is low near the mode.

[0081] (2) After the wave mode is selected, the transducer (excitation transducer and receiving transducer) coil is designed according to the wave mode. Specifically, a flexible coil can be used, which can be well wound on the pipe to be tested to complete the full circumferential ultrasonic excitation of the pipe.

[0082] (3) The impedance characteristics of the measuring transducer coil and the output impedance information of the high-power pulse signal amplification module are measured, and the impedance matching module is determined according to the impedance characteristics of the transducer coil and the output impedance information of the high-power pulse signal amplification module. At the same time, the excitation signal of the appropriate frequency is generated by the signal generator according to the wave mode. For example, in the L(0,1) mode, there is a frequency point at which the displacement perpendicular to the wall and the displacement parallel to the wall are balanced, which can be used as the appropriate excitation frequency, which can ensure the transmission of energy in the pipe wall (for defect detection) and ensure sufficient energy to be coupled into the fluid (for fluid flow detection). Specifically, the flexible coil is as shown in Figure 8 and the excitation signal is as shown in Figure 9 .

[0083] (4) The required excitation small signal is generated by an arbitrary signal generator, which is amplified by a high-power pulse signal amplification module into a high-voltage and large-current signal with a current peak value of more than 30A. The high-voltage and large-current signal enters the excitation transducer coil through the duplexer and the impedance matching module, so that ultrasonic waves are generated in the pipe wall. In the ultrasonic generation mode, different treatments need to be performed according to the material of the pipe wall to be tested, as shown in Figure 10 , which can be divided into three cases:

[0084] 1) The pipe wall material is a metal non-ferromagnetic material. At this time, the transducer needs to use the Lorentz force principle to excite ultrasonic waves, and the transducer is composed of a static bias magnetic field generating device and a coil.

[0085] 2) The pipe wall material is a metal ferromagnetic material. At this time, the transducer uses both the Lorentz force principle and the magnetostriction principle to generate ultrasonic waves. The transducer is also composed of a static bias magnetic field and a coil.

[0086] 3) The pipe wall material is non-metallic. At this time, the transducer cannot directly generate ultrasonic waves in the pipe wall, and a magnetostrictive material is needed. The sheet-shaped material is tightly fastened on the outer periphery of the pipe wall, and ultrasonic waves are generated in the magnetostrictive material and propagate to the non-metallic pipe.

[0087] (5) The ultrasonic waves in the pipe wall propagate according to Figure 2The ultrasonic wave in path 1 will be reflected back to the position of the excitation transducer if a defect appears in the pipe wall. When the flow rate of the fluid in the pipe changes, the position where the compressional ultrasonic wave in the fluid reaches the pipe wall will change, thereby causing a change in the time at which the receiving transducer receives the signal. The compressional ultrasonic wave in path 2 will propagate in the axial direction on both sides of the pipe after reaching the pipe wall, at which time not only does the receiving transducer receive the signal, but the excitation transducer also receives the signal, as shown in FIG. 2. Figure 3

[0088] (6) The signals received by the receiving transducer and the excitation transducer are both passed through a power limiting module and a programmed gain operational amplification module via a diplexer, to achieve gain amplification of small signals. Then, the signals are filtered by a variable filter and enter an ADC digital acquisition system. The ADC digital acquisition system converts the received signals into digital quantities, to facilitate signal processing in the later stage. Specifically, the signal received by the receiving transducer is as shown in FIG. 3. Figure 11

[0089] (7) The ADC digital acquisition system processes the signals received by the transducers. The position of the pipe wall defect can be calculated according to the time at which the excitation transducer receives the reflected signal (the group velocity of the selected mode can be determined in the mode selection), and the axial position of the defect is the interval time of the reflected signals divided by the group velocity. The flow rate of the fluid can be calculated using the time information of the receiving transducer to obtain the flow rate of the fluid, and then using the pipe diameter information to obtain the flow rate of the fluid.

[0090] In addition, the distance between the excitation transducer and the receiving transducer is fixed in the calculation, and therefore, there are two signals with a determined time in path 1 and path 2. In the embodiment of the present application, the existing determined time difference can be used to compensate for the fitting of the ultrasonic signal envelope, so that the calculation in time is more accurate, and the measurement accuracy of the system is improved. The specific compensation method is shown in FIG. 4. Figure 12

[0091] ​​​The pipeline defect and fluid flow synchronous measurement device provided by the embodiment of the present application has the following advantages: (1) The pipeline defect and fluid flow in the pipeline can be measured, and the measurement precision and detection efficiency are high; (2) The transducer of the system is convenient to install, and the installation position does not need to be accurately calculated, and the pipeline with a micro-bend can be measured; (3) Compared with the common piezoelectric ultrasonic detection system, the device provided by the embodiment of the present application does not need a coupling agent, and can be used for detection in a more severe environment (for example, high and low temperature), and the flexible annular winding coil can be well adapted to large and small pipe diameters, and the device is convenient to install and can be used for long-term online monitoring; (4) In the fluid flow measurement of the device, the ultrasonic wave has a larger crossing volume in the fluid in the pipeline compared with the pulse ultrasonic measurement method, which makes the flow measurement more accurate, and the device has higher adaptability and robustness to foreign matters in the fluid; (5) The ultrasonic signal of the excitation transducer and the receiving transducer has a differential reference value, and the fitting of the envelope of the ultrasonic signal has a reference and compensation effect, which improves the envelope fitting precision and flow accuracy of the flow measurement; (6) Compared with the piezoelectric ultrasonic measurement system, the sensor does not need to be installed according to the transmission path and angle, and the installation is simple.

[0092] For the pipeline defect and fluid flow synchronous measurement device, the embodiment of the present application further provides a pipeline defect and fluid flow synchronous measurement method. Figure 13 The method mainly includes the following steps S1101 to S1104.

[0093] Step S1101: An excitation signal is generated by a signal generator.

[0094] Step S1102: Based on the excitation signal, an electromagnetic ultrasonic signal is generated in the pipeline to be tested by an excitation transducer.

[0095] Step S1103: The reflection signal of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal is received by the excitation transducer, and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal propagating in the pipeline to be tested is received by a receiving transducer.

[0096] Step S1104: The reflection signal sent by the excitation transducer and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal sent by the receiving transducer are received by an ADC digital acquisition system, and the fluid flow of the pipeline to be tested and the pipeline defect position of the pipeline to be tested are calculated based on the received signals.

[0097] The pipeline defect and fluid flow synchronous measurement method provided by the embodiment of the present application can realize the synchronous measurement of the pipeline defect and the pipeline fluid flow by installing the excitation transducer and the receiving transducer on the pipeline to be tested and using the propagation of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal, and has the advantages of simple installation, high measurement precision and high detection efficiency; meanwhile, the propagation of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal in the whole liquid in the measurement range can be realized by the excitation transducer, thereby improving the accuracy and robustness of the pipeline defect and pipeline fluid flow measurement.

[0098] In an embodiment, before the excitation signal is generated by the signal generator, the method further comprises: determining a wave mode based on the material properties and the pipe diameter information of the pipeline to be tested, and determining the excitation transducer and the receiving transducer based on the wave mode; determining the impedance matching module based on the impedance characteristics of the coil of the excitation transducer and the output impedance information of the high-power pulse signal amplification module; and determining the frequency of the excitation signal based on the wave mode.

[0099] In an embodiment, after the excitation signal is generated by the signal generator, the method further comprises: amplifying the excitation signal by the high-power pulse signal amplification module; and inputting the amplified excitation signal to the excitation transducer through the impedance matching module by the duplexer.

[0100] In an embodiment, for the foregoing step S1104, when the reflected signal sent by the excitation transducer and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal sent by the receiving transducer are received by the ADC digital acquisition system, the following modes can be used, but are not limited to: first, the received reflected signal is sent to the power limiting module through the impedance matching module and the duplexer in sequence by the excitation transducer, and the received electromagnetic ultrasonic signal is sent to the power limiting module through the impedance matching module and the duplexer in sequence by the receiving transducer; then, the reflected signal sent by the excitation transducer and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal sent by the receiving transducer are filtered and amplitude-limited by the power limiting module; next, the filtered reflected signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal are amplified by the program-controlled gain operational amplifier module; finally, the amplified reflected signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal are filtered by the variable filter, and the filtered reflected signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal are sent to the ADC digital acquisition system.

[0101] Further, for the foregoing step S1104, i.e., when calculating the fluid flow of the tested pipeline and the pipeline defect position of the tested pipeline based on the received signal, the following methods can be adopted, including but not limited to: first, calculating the pipeline defect position of the tested pipeline according to the time interval between the first time when the excitation transducer generates the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal and the second time when the excitation transducer receives the reflected signal, and the group velocity of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal in the pipe wall of the tested pipeline; then, calculating the flow rate of the fluid in the tested pipeline according to the time information when the receiving transducer receives the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal, and calculating the fluid flow of the tested pipeline based on the flow rate and the pipe diameter information of the tested pipeline.

[0102] It should be noted that the method provided by the embodiment of the present application has the same implementation principle and technical effects as the foregoing device embodiment, and for brevity, the part not mentioned in the method embodiment can refer to the corresponding content in the foregoing device embodiment.

[0103] Finally, it should be noted that: the above-described embodiments are only specific implementations of the present application, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit the same, the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can modify or easily think of changes to the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement to part of the technical features; and these modifications, changes or replacements do not make the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and all should be covered in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A device for simultaneous measurement of defects in a pipeline and flow of fluid in the pipeline, characterized in that, Comprise: A signal generator, an excitation transducer, a receiving transducer and an ADC digital acquisition system; wherein the excitation transducer and the receiving transducer are arranged on the pipeline to be tested; the frequency dispersion curve of the corresponding internal liquid-filled pipeline structure of the pipeline to be tested and the wave structure of different modes at different frequencies are calculated according to the material properties and the inner and outer radius parameters of the pipeline to be tested; the appropriate wave mode of the displacement perpendicular to the wall surface and the displacement parallel to the wall surface is selected according to the calculated frequency dispersion curve and wave structure; after the wave mode is selected, the excitation transducer and the receiving transducer are determined, the excitation transducer and the receiving transducer adopt flexible coils, which are wound on the pipeline to be tested to complete the ultrasonic excitation of the whole circumference of the pipeline; The signal generator is used to generate an excitation signal; wherein the frequency of the excitation signal is determined according to the wave mode; The excitation transducer is used to generate an electromagnetic ultrasonic signal in the pipeline to be tested under the excitation of the excitation signal, and receive the reflected signal of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal; The receiving transducer is used to receive the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal after propagation in the pipeline to be tested; The ADC digital acquisition system is used for receiving the reflected signals sent by the excitation transducer and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signals sent by the receiving transducer, and calculating the fluid flow of the tested pipeline and the pipeline defect position of the tested pipeline based on the received signals; wherein, the flow rate of the fluid in the tested pipeline is calculated according to the time information of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signals received by the receiving transducer, and the fluid flow of the tested pipeline is calculated based on the flow rate and the pipe diameter information of the tested pipeline; the basic principle of the flow detection method is that the guided wave surface is coupled with the fluid at a fixed angle The ADC digital acquisition system is used to calculate the pipeline defect position of the pipeline to be tested according to the time interval between the first time when the excitation transducer generates the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal and the second time when the excitation transducer receives the reflected signal, and the group velocity of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal in the pipe wall of the pipeline to be tested. ultrasonic energy is coupled into the fluid to generate compression waves in the fluid; in the pipeline wall, there are two transmission paths of ultrasonic energy, one is the path of ultrasonic transmission in the pipeline wall, and the other is the ultrasonic propagation path formed by the energy coupled into the fluid; in the case of zero flow rate, the time required for the ultrasonic propagation path formed by the energy coupled into the fluid is: wherein, is the time required for propagation in the pipe wall, is the time required for propagation in the fluid, , is the path length required for propagation in the pipe wall, is the group velocity of the ultrasound in the pipe wall, , is the internal diameter of the pipe wall, is the speed of sound of the ultrasound in the fluid; When the fluid in the pipe has a certain flow rate The time of flight of the ultrasound in the pipe wall changes in relation to the time of flight of the ultrasound in the fluid at zero flow rate, and the position of the arrival at the pipe wall changes, resulting in a change in the time of flight of the ultrasound in the pipe wall in the ultrasound propagation path formed by the energy coupled into the fluid: wherein is the distance between the excitation transducer and the receiving transducer, and is the change in the position of the ultrasound reaching the pipe wall in the fluid; wherein, wherein, is the phase velocity of the ultrasound in the pipe wall, is the flow velocity of the fluid in the pipe, is the pipe wall inner diameter, .

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, Further comprise:

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, A high-power pulse signal amplification module, a duplexer and an impedance matching module; The high-power pulse signal amplification module is used to amplify the excitation signal; The duplexer is used to input the amplified excitation signal to the excitation transducer through the impedance matching module. Further comprise:

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein, A power limiting module, a programmed gain operational amplifier module and a variable filter; The power limiting module is used to limit the amplitude of the reflected signal sent by the excitation transducer and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal sent by the receiving transducer; The programmed gain operational amplifier module is used to amplify the filtered reflected signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal; The variable filter is used to filter the amplified reflected signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal, and send the filtered reflected signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal to the ADC digital acquisition system. The excitation transducer sends the received reflected signal to the power limiting module through the impedance matching module and the duplexer in turn; 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein, The receiving transducer sends the received electromagnetic ultrasonic signal to the power limiting module through the impedance matching module and the duplexer in turn. The method is applied to the pipeline defect and in-pipeline fluid flow synchronous measurement device of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:

6. A method for simultaneous measurement of pipe defects and in-pipe fluid flow, characterized in that, Generating an excitation signal by a signal generator; Generating an electromagnetic ultrasonic signal in the pipeline to be tested by an excitation transducer based on the excitation signal; Receiving the reflected signal of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal by the excitation transducer, and receiving the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal after propagation in the pipeline to be tested by a receiving transducer; ​ The reflection signal sent by the excitation transducer and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal sent by the receiving transducer are received by an ADC digital acquisition system, and the fluid flow of the tested pipeline and the pipeline defect position of the tested pipeline are calculated based on the received signals; wherein the flow rate of the fluid in the tested pipeline is calculated according to the time information of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal received by the receiving transducer, and the fluid flow of the tested pipeline is calculated based on the flow rate and the pipe diameter information of the tested pipeline.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, The fluid flow of the tested pipeline and the pipeline defect position of the tested pipeline are calculated based on the received signals, including: The pipeline defect position of the tested pipeline is calculated according to the time interval between the first time when the excitation transducer generates the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal and the second time when the excitation transducer receives the reflection signal, and the group velocity of the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal in the pipe wall of the tested pipeline.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein, After the excitation signal is generated by the signal generator, the method further includes: The excitation signal is amplified by a high-power pulse signal amplification module; The amplified excitation signal is input to the excitation transducer through an impedance matching module via a duplexer.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, Before the excitation signal is generated by the signal generator, the method further includes: The wave mode is determined based on the material properties and pipe diameter information of the tested pipeline, and the excitation transducer and the receiving transducer are determined based on the wave mode; The impedance matching module is determined based on the impedance characteristics of the coil of the excitation transducer and the output impedance information of the high-power pulse signal amplification module; The frequency of the excitation signal is determined based on the wave mode.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein, The reflection signal sent by the excitation transducer and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal sent by the receiving transducer are received by an ADC digital acquisition system, including: The received reflection signal is sent to a power limiting module by the excitation transducer through the impedance matching module and the duplexer in turn, and the received electromagnetic ultrasonic signal is sent to the power limiting module by the receiving transducer through the impedance matching module and the duplexer in turn; The reflection signal sent by the excitation transducer and the electromagnetic ultrasonic signal sent by the receiving transducer are amplitude-limited by the power limiting module; The filtered reflection signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal are amplified by a programmed gain operational amplifier module; The amplified reflection signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal are filtered by a variable filter, and the filtered reflection signal and electromagnetic ultrasonic signal are sent to the ADC digital acquisition system.

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