Optical raster rain and snow discriminator

Abstract

The application provides a grating type rain and snow identification instrument, and relates to the technical field of precipitation identification, which comprises a shell, a water receiving port for receiving precipitation, a conical snow containing bucket for containing solid precipitation, a water outlet with a diameter of 0.3 cm is arranged at the bottom of the snow containing bucket, at least three groups of light transmission holes are symmetrically arranged on the bucket wall, an optical grid is installed on the inner wall of the shell, the number and position of the light of the optical grid correspond to the light transmission holes of the snow containing bucket, an electric heating device is installed on the outer side of the bucket wall of the snow containing bucket for melting the solid precipitation, a tipping bucket assembly is installed below the water outlet of the snow containing bucket, and a control assembly is electrically connected with the optical grid, the tipping bucket assembly and the electric heating device. The instrument can realize the automation of identifying the type of precipitation, is low in cost and convenient to install, can not only solve the problems of high labor intensity and high labor cost of manual identification, but also can avoid the problem of high price of the existing precipitation identification equipment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of precipitation identification, more particularly to a grating type rain and snow identification instrument. BACKGROUND

[0002] Precipitation refers to rain, snow, hail, sleet and other water vapor condensates falling from the sky to the ground. Among them, snow, hail and sleet belong to solid precipitation. Precipitation observation is the responsibility of meteorological and hydrological departments and is one of the main work contents of the two departments. The observation content generally includes precipitation value and category.

[0003] Rainfall observation uses three types of instruments: ordinary rain gauge, tipping bucket rain gauge and solid-state storage rain gauge. Among them, the solid-state storage rain gauge is the instrument currently widely used. The instrument has high automation and can automatically complete the rainfall observation work without human intervention. Snow, hail and other solid-state precipitation observation is mainly completed by manual work. The reasons are as follows: first, solid-state precipitation cannot be automatically introduced into the measuring instrument, and even if it is introduced into the measuring instrument, the quantity value can be measured only after melting; second, according to the precipitation observation specification, the solid-state precipitation category needs to be marked on the precipitation data, and the existing rainfall observation instrument cannot complete this work. There are snow melting rain and snow gauges and weighing rain gauges on the market, both of which can complete the measurement of solid-state precipitation, but the instruments cannot identify the solid-state precipitation category. The identification work still needs to be completed manually, so it is not widely used. The weather phenomenon instrument can identify the precipitation category, but it is too expensive to be popularized.

[0004] Manual observation of solid-state precipitation uses a 20-centimeter-diameter cylindrical snow bucket. The solid-state precipitation such as snow and hail is first melted and then poured into a measuring cup for measurement, and then the category is marked on the precipitation data. The hydrological department observes twice a day, at 8 o'clock and 20 o'clock, of which 8 o'clock is the daily boundary time point. The meteorological department observes three times a day, at 8 o'clock, 14 o'clock and 20 o'clock, of which 20 o'clock is the daily boundary time point.

[0005] Therefore, how to solve the problems of high labor cost and high labor intensity caused by relying on manual work in the identification of precipitation, and the problem of high price of existing equipment which is not conducive to popularization, is the key technical problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a grating type rain and snow identification instrument which can solve the problems of high labor cost, high labor intensity, high price of existing equipment which is not conducive to popularization in the identification of precipitation. The preferred technical solutions in the many technical solutions provided by the present application can produce many technical effects, which are described in detail below.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions.

[0008] The present application provides a grating type rain and snow identification instrument, comprising:

[0009] a shell;

[0010] a water receiving port for receiving precipitation, mounted on the top of the shell;

[0011] a snow bucket, arranged below the water receiving port and connected to the water receiving port, the snow bucket is tapered, the large end of the snow bucket is connected to the water receiving port, and the bottom end is provided with a water outlet with a diameter of 0.3 cm. At least three groups of light transmission holes are longitudinally and symmetrically arranged on the bucket wall of the snow bucket;

[0012] an optical grating, arranged on the inner wall of the shell, and the number and position of the light rays of the optical grating correspond to the light transmission holes;

[0013] an electric heating device arranged on the outer wall of the snow bucket;

[0014] a tipping bucket assembly arranged below the water outlet;

[0015] a control assembly for electrically connecting the optical grating, the tipping bucket assembly, and the electric heating device.

[0016] Preferably, the optical grating comprises a plurality of light emitting devices and light sensing devices, one light emitting device and one light sensing device form a group to generate a light ray, and the optical grating is composed of a plurality of light rays. The light emitting device and the light sensing device correspond to the number and position of the light transmission holes arranged in pairs, and the light emitting device and the light sensing device are in communication with the control assembly.

[0017] Preferably, the outer wall of the snow bucket is provided with a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is in communication with the control assembly.

[0018] Preferably, the top of the light transmission hole is provided with an inverted V-shaped eave.

[0019] Preferably, a light transmission pipe is arranged between the light sensing device and the light transmission hole, and between the light emitting device and the light transmission hole, and the light transmission pipe is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the snow bucket.

[0020] Preferably, the included angle between the bucket wall of the snow bucket and the horizontal plane is greater than 45°.

[0021] Preferably, the water inlet has a diameter of 20 cm and a height of 10 cm, the snow bucket has a height of 36 cm and a diameter of 20 cm at the large end, the angle between the bucket wall of the snow bucket and the horizontal plane is 74.5°, the light holes are provided in 5 groups, and the distances between the 5 groups of light holes and the bottom end of the snow bucket are 5 cm, 9.5 cm, 18 cm, 30 cm and 34 cm respectively, and the light holes are used for allowing the light of the optical grating to enter and pass through the snow bucket.

[0022] Preferably, an air temperature sensor for detecting the atmospheric temperature is arranged on the shell and is in communication with the control assembly.

[0023] Preferably, a display screen in communication with the control assembly is further included.

[0024] Preferably, a solar panel and a storage battery for providing power for the control assembly, the optical grating and the electric heating device are further included.

[0025] The technical scheme provided in the present application file has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The present application provides a grating type rain and snow recognition instrument, which comprises:

[0027] a shell;

[0028] a water inlet, which is arranged at the top end of the shell and is used for receiving precipitation, and the precipitation includes rainfall and solid precipitation such as snow and hail;

[0029] a snow bucket, which is arranged below the water inlet and is connected with the water inlet, is used for containing the solid precipitation, and is in a conical shape so that the solid precipitation slides along the bucket wall to the bottom of the bucket, the large end of the snow bucket is connected with the water inlet, and the bottom end is provided with a water outlet with a diameter of 0.3 cm, if the precipitation is rainwater, the rainwater will be discharged from the water outlet of the snow bucket, and if the precipitation is solid, the solid will accumulate at the bottom of the bucket because it cannot be discharged through the water outlet, wherein at least three groups of light holes are longitudinally and symmetrically arranged on the bucket wall of the snow bucket.

[0030] an optical grating, which is arranged on the inner wall of the shell, the number and position of the light of the optical grating correspond to the light holes, and the optical grating is used for detecting whether there is solid in the snow bucket, if the photosensitive device of the optical grating can receive the light emitted by the light emitting device, it means that the light successfully passes through the snow bucket, indicating that there is no solid in the snow bucket, otherwise, the light is blocked, indicating that the snow bucket contains solid;

[0031] In order to detect whether the precipitation is rain, a tipping bucket assembly is arranged below the snow bucket outlet, when the tipping bucket of the tipping bucket assembly is turned, an electric signal is generated and transmitted to the control assembly, and the control assembly can determine that the precipitation is rain. Specifically, the tipping bucket assembly is a measuring component of the tipping bucket rain gauge. The tipping bucket rain gauge is an existing instrument, and the core component is the tipping bucket. The tipping bucket assembly is composed of a tipping bucket, a cross beam, a magnet, a Hall sensor (or a reed switch, which has the same function as the Hall sensor) and a bracket. The tipping bucket has two left and right bucket chambers, which are separated by a partition in the middle. The upper part of the bucket chamber is open, which is convenient for receiving rainwater. The tipping bucket is arranged on the cross beam, and the installation direction is perpendicular to the cross beam, which is similar to a seesaw. In this way, the tipping bucket always has one bucket chamber facing upward, which can receive rainwater at any time in a natural state. The cross beam is arranged in the middle of the bracket. The magnet is installed on one side of the middle partition of the tipping bucket, and the Hall sensor is installed above the bracket and close to the magnet. When it rains, rainwater will flow into the bucket chamber on the upward side of the tipping bucket. When the bucket chamber is filled with water, it will be turned downward under the action of gravity, and the bucket chamber on the downward side will be turned upward to receive rainwater. The turning principle is the same as that of the seesaw. When the tipping bucket turns, the magnet at the middle partition also swings, and when it swings, it passes through the Hall sensor, which causes the Hall sensor to generate an electromagnetic signal. The control circuit can determine that the tipping bucket has been turned according to the electromagnetic signal. Finally, the amount of rain is determined by the number of turns. The role of the tipping bucket assembly in the tipping bucket rain gauge is to measure, and in this instrument, it is used to determine whether the precipitation is rain, that is, once the tipping bucket is turned, it can be determined that the precipitation is rain. Because only rainwater can automatically flow into the tipping bucket and cause it to turn, and solid precipitation can only accumulate in the snow bucket and cannot enter the tipping bucket automatically.

[0032] An electric heating device is arranged on the outer wall of the snow bucket, which is used to heat the snow bucket to melt the solid precipitation in the bucket.

[0033] A control assembly is electrically connected with the optical grating, the tipping bucket assembly and the electric heating device.

[0034] The instrument uses the physical properties of precipitation, and uses the optical grating and the tipping bucket to identify the type of precipitation according to the principle that solid precipitation can block light and rainwater can flow automatically. Specifically, when the precipitation, whether it is rain or solid, passes through the light during the falling process, it may block the light for a moment, but it will not cause a long time to block the light. Therefore, the instrument uses a static identification method for solid precipitation, that is, first uses the snow bucket to retain it, and the snow bucket is arranged in a conical shape, which can make the solid precipitation accumulate in a larger volume with a small amount, so that the light will be blocked for a long time, and the control assembly will obtain a stable light blocking signal, and then identify the type of precipitation according to the corresponding technical logic; for rain, because it can automatically flow through the outlet of the snow bucket to the tipping bucket assembly, so the type of precipitation can be determined by the electric signal generated by the turning of the tipping bucket. Specifically, the identification method of the instrument for precipitation is as follows:

[0035] 1、In a precipitation observation day, if the control component detects that the light of the optical grid is always unobstructed and the tipping bucket does not tip, it is determined that there is no precipitation on this day.

[0036] 2、In a precipitation observation day, if precipitation occurs, the precipitation will enter the snow bucket through the water inlet, and the control component detects that the light of the optical grid is obstructed, indicating that the snow bucket contains solid precipitation. Then the control component starts the electric heating device to heat the snow bucket. After the solid precipitation melts, it is discharged from the water outlet, and the light of the optical grid is unobstructed again. Then the heating is stopped. According to the process of "light obstruction - heating and melting - light unobstruction", the control component determines that the solid precipitation is hail in summer and snow in other seasons.

[0037] 3、In a precipitation observation day, if precipitation occurs, the precipitation will enter the snow bucket through the water inlet, and the control component detects that the light of the optical grid is always unobstructed, but the tipping bucket tips, indicating that the precipitation is rain. To distinguish between the tipping of the tipping bucket caused by rain and the tipping caused by the melting of solid precipitation, the instrument is set to not process the tipping of the tipping bucket during heating as rain.

[0038] 4、In a precipitation observation day, if the control component detects both rain and snow, it is determined that the precipitation is sleet.

[0039] 5、To avoid confusion between snow and sleet when determining the type of precipitation, the instrument is set to stop heating after determining that the precipitation is snow, to prevent the precipitation from suddenly changing from snow to rain (this weather phenomenon is sleet), and the instrument cannot determine whether the tipping of the tipping bucket is caused by rain or snow, which may cause observation errors. To prevent continuous snowfall after stopping heating, if the light is not unobstructed 30 minutes before entering the next observation day, the instrument is set to continue heating the snow bucket until all five lights are unobstructed. The 30-minute heating time is sufficient to melt the solid precipitation in the snow bucket, ensuring that there is no accumulation of precipitation in the snow bucket when entering the next observation day.

[0040] 6、In a precipitation observation day, if the control component detects that the light of the optical grid is obstructed, and the light remains unobstructed after the control component controls the heating component to heat for a certain period of time, it is determined that the solid precipitation is foreign matter such as leaves and garbage, which needs to be cleaned. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only represent some of the embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0042] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a grating type rain and snow recognition instrument according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0043] In the figure: 1, water inlet; 2, snow bucket; 3, shell; 4, optical grating; 5, hopper assembly; 6, electric heating device; 7, temperature sensor; 8, light emitting device; 9, light sensing device; 10, light transmission hole; 11, air temperature sensor; 12, control assembly; 13, light transmission pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of the present application.

[0045] The specific embodiment provides a grating type rain and snow recognition instrument, which solves the problems of high labor intensity of manual work in existing precipitation recognition work and high price of existing equipment which is not conducive to popularization.

[0046] Hereinafter, the embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, the embodiments shown below do not have any limiting effect on the invention content recited in the claims. In addition, the entire content of the constitution represented in the following embodiments is not limited to what is necessary as a solution to the invention recited in the claims.

[0047] Referring to Figure 1 , the present application provides a grating type rain and snow recognition instrument, comprising:

[0048] Shell 3.

[0049] Water inlet 1, the water inlet 1 is used for receiving precipitation, and is installed at the top end of the shell 3. The precipitation includes rainfall and snow, hail and sleet and other solid precipitation.

[0050] Snow bucket 2, snow bucket 2 is set below the water inlet 1 and connected with the water inlet 1, for loading solid precipitation, snow bucket 2 is set as a tapered shape, so that the solid material along the bucket wall to the bottom of the bucket, the bottom end is provided with a diameter of 0.3 cm water outlet, if the precipitation is rain, rain will be discharged from the water outlet, if the solid precipitation, solid material will not be able to automatically pass through the water outlet and accumulated in the bottom of the bucket, wherein, the bucket wall of the snow bucket 2 is longitudinally symmetrical provided with at least three groups of light hole 10.

[0051] Optical grid 4, optical grid 4 is set in the inner wall of the shell 3, including a plurality of groups of light emitting device and photosensitive device, a light emitting device and a photosensitive device for a group of light, by a plurality of light lines composed of optical grid. The number and position of the light of the optical grid 4 correspond to the light hole 10, the optical grid 4 is used for detecting whether there is solid in the snow bucket 2, if the photosensitive device 9 of the optical grid 4 can accept the light emitted by the light emitting device 8, it is proved that the light passes through the snow bucket smoothly, indicating that there is no solid in the snow bucket; on the contrary, it is proved that the light is blocked, indicating that the snow bucket is loaded with solid.

[0052] In order to detect whether the precipitation is rain, also includes the tipping bucket assembly 5 is set below the snow bucket 2 water outlet, when the tipping bucket assembly 5 tipping bucket turns will produce electrical signal and delivered to the control assembly 12, the control assembly 12 can be determined according to the precipitation is rain. Specifically, the tipping bucket assembly 5 is the measurement component of the tipping bucket rain gauge. The tipping bucket rain gauge is the existing instrument, its core component is the tipping bucket. Tipping bucket assembly 5 is composed of tipping bucket, beam, magnet, hall sensor (or reed switch, its function is the same as the hall sensor) and bracket. The tipping bucket is divided into left and right two chamber, separated by a spacer, the upper part of the chamber is open type, convenient for receiving rainwater. The tipping bucket is placed on the beam, the installation direction is perpendicular to the beam, similar to the seesaw. So the tipping bucket always has a chamber upward, can receive rainwater at any time in the natural state. The beam is placed in the middle of the bracket. The magnet is installed on one side of the middle spacer of the tipping bucket, and the hall sensor is installed above. When it rains, rainwater will flow into the chamber of the upward side of the tipping bucket. The chamber will be filled with water and will be turned down under the action of gravity. The chamber of the downward side will be turned up to receive rainwater. The principle of turning is the same as that of the seesaw. When the tipping bucket turns, the magnet in the middle of the spacer will also swing. When it swings, it will pass through the hall sensor, causing the hall sensor to emit an electromagnetic signal. The control circuit will determine that the tipping bucket has turned according to the electromagnetic signal. Finally, the amount of rain is determined by the number of turns. The role of the tipping bucket assembly 5 in the tipping bucket rain gauge is to measure. In this instrument, it is used to determine whether the precipitation is rain, that is, once the tipping bucket turns, it can be determined that the precipitation is rain. Because only rainwater can automatically flow into the tipping bucket and make it turn, and solid precipitation can only accumulate in the snow bucket and cannot enter the tipping bucket automatically.

[0053] An electric heating device 6 is arranged outside the bucket wall of the snow bucket 2, and is used to heat the snow bucket 2 to melt the solid precipitation.

[0054] A control component 12 is used to be electrically connected with the optical grid 4, the flipper assembly 5 and the electric heating device 6, wherein the control component 12 is of an STM32 type, and further comprises a data storage device and a data transmission device, the data storage device is used to store the collected data locally for checking, and the data transmission device is used to remotely transmit the collected data to a computer by using a 4G Internet of Things card.

[0055] The instrument utilizes the physical characteristics of the precipitation, and uses the optical grid and the flipper to identify the precipitation category according to the principle that the solid precipitation can block the light and the rainwater can flow by itself. Specifically, when the precipitation, whether it is rain or solid, passes through the light during the falling process, it may block the light for a moment, but it will not cause a long time of blocking the light. Therefore, the instrument firstly uses the snow bucket to retain the solid precipitation, and the snow bucket is arranged in a conical shape so that the solid precipitation can accumulate a larger volume with a very small amount, so that the light will be blocked for a long time, and the control component 12 can obtain a stable light blocking signal, and then identify the precipitation category according to the corresponding technical logic; for the rain, it can flow to the flipper assembly through the water outlet of the snow bucket and trigger the flipper to flip, so the category of the rain can be determined by the electric signal generated by the flipper flipping. Specifically, the identification method of the instrument for the precipitation is as follows:

[0056] 1. In a precipitation observation day, if the control component 12 detects that the light of the optical grid is always unblocked and the flipper does not flip, it is determined that there is no precipitation on this day.

[0057] 2. In a precipitation observation day, if precipitation occurs, the precipitation will enter the snow bucket through the water inlet, the control component 12 detects that the light of the optical grid is blocked, which indicates that there is solid in the snow bucket, then the control component 12 starts the electric heating device to heat the snow bucket, the solid in the bucket is melted by heat and then discharged from the water outlet, the light of the optical grid will be unblocked, and then the heating is stopped. The control component 12 determines that the solid precipitation is hail in summer and snow in other seasons according to the process of “light blocking--melting by heating--flipper flipping--light unblocking”.

[0058] 3. In a precipitation observation day, if precipitation occurs, the precipitation will enter the snow bucket through the water inlet, the control component 12 detects that the light of the optical grid is always unblocked, but the flipper of the flipper assembly flips, which determines that the precipitation on this day is rain. In order to distinguish the flipper flipping caused by the rain from the flipper flipping caused by the melted solid, the instrument sets that the flipper flipping during the heating period is not treated as rain.

[0059] 4、In a precipitation observation day, if the control component 12 detects both rain and snow, it is determined that the precipitation is sleet.

[0060] 5、In order to avoid confusion between snow and sleet when determining the type of precipitation, the instrument is set to stop heating after determining that the precipitation is snow, so as to prevent the precipitation from suddenly changing from snow to rain (this weather phenomenon is sleet), and the instrument cannot determine whether the tipping of the bucket is caused by rain or snow, thereby causing observation errors. In order to prevent continuous snowfall after stopping heating, if the accumulated snow is not processed, it will enter the next observation day, causing observation errors. Therefore, the instrument is set to continuously heat the snow bucket for 30 minutes before entering the next observation day if the light is not unobstructed, and the 30 minutes of heating time is sufficient to melt the solid precipitation in the snow bucket, ensuring that there is no accumulation of precipitation in the snow bucket when entering the next observation day.

[0061] 6、In a precipitation observation day, if the control component 12 detects that the light of the optical grid is obstructed but the light is still not unobstructed after heating, it is determined that the solid material is leaves, garbage or other foreign matter.

[0062] The present application can accurately identify rain, snow, hail and sleet by static identification after accumulation of solid material. Dynamic identification refers to not retaining accumulated solid material, but only relying on the phenomenon that solid material blocks light for a moment when passing through the light. However, in practice, solid precipitation will not cause instantaneous obstruction of light in most cases, only when the snowflakes are large and dense, or the solid material is hail, will the light be instantaneously obstructed. Dynamic identification cannot distinguish between snow and sleet, so the identification accuracy is poor. Compared with the static identification of the present application, the static identification result is reliable, the identification accuracy is high, and the identification effect is good.

[0063] The optical grid of the present application is essentially a light emitting photoelectric sensor, which is suitable for large-angle bucket wall angles. In other embodiments, a diffuse reflection photoelectric sensor can also be used to achieve the purpose of identifying solid material.

[0064] In this embodiment, the optical grid 4 includes a plurality of light emitting devices 8 and light sensing devices 9, one light emitting device 8 and one light sensing device 9 form a group to generate a light, a plurality of lights form a grid, the light emitting devices 8 and the light sensing devices 9 are electrically connected to the control component 12, the light emitting devices 8 and the light sensing devices 9 are arranged on the inner wall of the shell 3, and the light emitting devices 8 and the light sensing devices 9 correspond to the number and position of the light transmission holes 10 arranged in pairs. Among them, the optical grid 4 is not limited to a light emitting photoelectric sensor, but can also be a diffuse reflection photoelectric sensor.

[0065] In the embodiment, the temperature sensor 7 is arranged on the outer wall of the snow bucket 2 to detect the temperature of the bucket wall of the snow bucket 2. The temperature sensor 7 is connected to the control assembly 12, and the constant temperature value can be set on the control assembly 12. When the electric heating device heats the snow bucket, the control assembly 12 controls the electric heating device 6 to stop heating when the temperature sensor 7 detects that the temperature of the bucket wall of the snow bucket 2 reaches the constant temperature value, so as to avoid overheating and burning the snow bucket, and prevent the melted water in the snow bucket from evaporating. After the electric heating device stops heating, the temperature of the snow bucket decreases, and when the temperature of the snow bucket is lower than the constant temperature value, the electric heating device heats again to restore the temperature of the snow bucket to the constant temperature value. The cycle is repeated until the solid-state objects in the snow bucket are completely melted. The constant temperature value is 30°C by default, and can also be set according to the requirements of the user.

[0066] In the embodiment, the top of the light hole 10 is provided with a V-shaped eave, which can prevent the precipitation from escaping from the light hole 10, and facilitate the sliding of the solid-state objects to the bottom of the bucket. The length of the eave is 1 cm.

[0067] In the embodiment, the light hole 10, the light-emitting device 8 and the light hole 10 are provided with a light pipe 13, and the light pipe 13 is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the snow bucket, so as to prevent the precipitation from escaping from the light hole 10.

[0068] In the embodiment, in order to make the solid-state precipitation objects slide to the bottom of the snow bucket 2, the angle between the bucket wall of the snow bucket 2 and the horizontal plane should be greater than 45°. The angle determines the height of the bucket body, the position of the light hole and the number of the light holes. If different angles are used, the position and number of the light holes 10 need to be adjusted accordingly, that is, the height of the bucket body of the snow bucket, the position of the light hole and the number of the light holes change with the change of the angle of the bucket wall of the snow bucket.

[0069] The angle between the barrel wall determines the barrel height, the number of light holes and their positions. In the present example, the angle between the barrel wall is set to 74.5°. Since the diameter of the large end of the snow barrel 2 is 20 cm, the height thereof is 36 cm according to the trigonometric function formula. The distance between the five groups of light holes 10 and the bottom end of the snow barrel 2 is 5 cm, 9.5 cm, 18 cm, 30 cm and 34 cm, respectively. This is set after considering the snow density, hail particle size and barrel wall water adhesion. The light holes 10 are used to make the light of the optical grating 4 enter and pass through the snow barrel 2. The light emitting device 8 and the light sensing device 9 are arranged on the inner wall of the shell 3 and correspond to the number and position of the light holes 10. The light emitting device 8 and the light sensing device 9 are electrically connected to the control assembly 12. If the light sensing device 9 can receive the light emitted by the light emitting device 8, it means that the light passes through the snow barrel smoothly, indicating that the snow barrel does not contain solid objects. Otherwise, it means that the light is blocked, indicating that the snow barrel contains solid objects.

[0070] Specifically, the five light beams of the optical grating 4 are divided into first, second, third, fourth and fifth light beams from bottom to top when passing through the snow barrel 2. According to the conical volume formula, the volumes formed by the horizontal plane of each light beam and the bottom are 10.3 cm 3 , 67.2 cm 3 , 471.0 cm 3 , 2163.1 cm 3 and 3032.6 cm 3 , respectively. When the solid precipitation is snow, the density of snow is between 0.04-0.1 g / cm 3 , and the volume of snow formed by 0.1 mm equivalent snowfall in a 20 cm diameter water inlet 1 is between 30.1-74.0 cm 3 . Therefore, the first light beam or even the second light beam will be blocked. The more snow, the more light beams will be blocked. Since the function of the present instrument is to identify the type of precipitation, it does not involve measurement, and the measurement work needs to be completed by a rain gauge. Therefore, in order to complete the identification and measurement of precipitation, the fifth light beam is set as the full load warning line when the present instrument is used with a snow-melting rain and snow gauge. The water inlet of the rain gauge on the market is generally 10 cm high and 20 cm in diameter, with a capacity of 3140 cm 3 . When the fifth light beam is blocked, it means that the snow volume has reached 3032.6 cm 3, the snow in the water inlet of the snow-melting rain and snow gauge will be full, and it needs to be handled immediately, otherwise the snow will overflow and cause observation error. When the precipitation is hail, the diameters of the conical surfaces at the light holes 10, which are 5 cm and 9.5 cm away from the bottom of the barrel, are 2.8 cm and 5.2 cm respectively, which are enough to accommodate hail with a particle size of less than 5.2 cm. Even if there is hail with a larger particle size, the three light beams on the upper part of the optical grating can also meet the observation needs.

[0071] In this embodiment, an air temperature sensor 11 for detecting the atmospheric temperature is arranged on the outer wall of the shell 3, and the air temperature sensor 11 is in communication with the control assembly 12. The control assembly 12 can determine whether the solid precipitation is hail or snow according to the current air temperature. Generally, the default determination temperature value of the control assembly 12 is 10℃, that is, when the air temperature is above 10℃, the solid precipitation is hail, and when the air temperature is below 10℃, the solid precipitation is snow, because it does not snow when the air temperature is above 10℃. The determination temperature can also be set according to the requirements of the user.

[0072] In this embodiment, a display screen in communication with the control assembly 12 is further included. The working parameters of the instrument can be set on the display screen, and the working states of the components of the instrument, such as the optical grating, the electric heating device and the temperature sensor, can be displayed.

[0073] In this embodiment, a solar panel and a storage battery are further included to provide power for the control assembly 12, the optical grating 4 and the electric heating device 6.

[0074] The specific implementation is as follows:

[0075] After the instrument is turned on, the day boundary time point, the observation time point in a day, the constant temperature of the temperature sensor and the constant heating time are set on the display screen. The day boundary time point and the observation time point in a day are set according to the requirements of the user, the constant temperature is set to 30℃ by default, the constant heating time is set to 30 minutes by default, and the constant temperature and the constant heating time can also be set according to the requirements of the user.

[0076] In example 1, if the control assembly 12 detects that the light of the optical grating is always smooth, and the flip bucket arranged below the water outlet of the snow barrel does not always turn over, it is determined that there is no precipitation in the day.

[0077] If precipitation occurs during an observation day, the precipitation will enter the snow bucket from the water inlet, and the steep bucket wall will cause the precipitation to slide to the bottom of the bucket. The inverted V-shaped eave is conducive to the sliding of the precipitation and does not cause the precipitation to be retained or to escape from the light hole. If the precipitation is rain, the rain will be discharged from the snow bucket outlet; if the precipitation is solid, the solid precipitation will be accumulated in the snow bucket and will not be discharged from the small outlet at the bottom of the bucket. A relatively large volume of solid precipitation may cause the light beams of the grating to be instantaneously blocked, but will not cause a relatively long time to be blocked. In this case, the light blocking signal received by the control assembly 12 is irregular flashing, and no processing is performed on such a flashing signal. Regardless of whether the solid precipitation is snow or hail, the solid precipitation will block the light beams of the optical grating when the solid precipitation is accumulated in the snow bucket, and the control assembly 12 will receive a stable light blocking signal. Then, the electric heating device is started to heat the snow bucket. During the heating, the control assembly 12 controls the temperature of the bucket wall to be constant through the temperature sensor. That is, when the temperature sensor measures that the temperature of the bucket wall is higher than the constant temperature, the electric heating device stops working. When the temperature is lower than the constant temperature, the electric heating device is started again. The process is repeated until the solid precipitation in the bucket is completely melted. After the solid precipitation is melted by heating, the solid precipitation is discharged from the outlet, and the light beams of the optical grating are restored to be unblocked. The control assembly 12 stops the electric heating device after receiving the unblocked signal of the light beams. Through the process of “light blocking-heating and melting-light unblocking”, the control assembly 12 can determine, according to the process and the season, that the solid precipitation is hail in summer and the solid precipitation is snow in other seasons. After the type of the precipitation is determined, whether the precipitation continues to be hail or snow, the determination process is not performed again until 30 minutes before the daily boundary time point. If there is still solid precipitation in the bucket, that is, the light beams are blocked, the control assembly 12 starts the electric heating device to melt and empty the solid precipitation, so that there is no precipitation in the snow bucket when the next observation day begins. Specifically, when the precipitation is snow, when the snowfall approaches 0.1 mm equivalent, the snow that slides to the bottom of the snow bucket will accumulate to a relatively large volume, thereby blocking the first light beam. Then, if the snowfall continues, the upper light beams will be blocked in turn. If the precipitation is hail, because the hail particle sizes are different, the first light beam of the optical grating may not be blocked, but one of the five light beams will be blocked. For this, the control circuit is set to start the electric heating device to heat and determine the type of the precipitation according to the related technical logic as long as any one of the five light beams is blocked.

[0078] In addition, because the seasons and climates are different in different places, the air temperature can also be used as a basis for determining whether the solid precipitation is snow or hail according to the conditions for the generation of hail and snow. Specifically, the air temperature can be set to be above 10°C when the solid precipitation is hail, and below 10°C when the solid precipitation is snow. Because it does not snow when the air temperature is above 10°C, and hail does not occur when the air temperature is below 10°C. Whether the air temperature is used for judgment or the season is used for judgment is determined by the user.

[0079] Example 3, if precipitation occurs within an observation day, the precipitation will enter the snow barrel through the water inlet, and the steep barrel wall will cause the precipitation to slide to the bottom of the barrel. The inverted V-shaped eave is conducive to the precipitation sliding down and not being retained, and will not escape from the light hole. If the precipitation is solid, it will accumulate in the snow barrel. If the precipitation is rain, it will be automatically discharged from the snow barrel outlet, thereby triggering the tipping bucket to tip. In this case, the control component 12 will detect that the light of the optical grid is always unobstructed, but the tipping bucket tips, and it can be determined that the precipitation of the day is rain. In order to distinguish between tipping of the tipping bucket caused by rain and tipping of the tipping bucket caused by solid precipitation after melting, the instrument is set not to process the tipping of the tipping bucket during heating as rain.

[0080] Example 4, if precipitation occurs within an observation day, if the precipitation is first determined to be rain according to the logical judgment of precipitation, and after a period of time, the precipitation is determined to be snow according to the judgment logic of snowfall; or the precipitation is first determined to be snow according to the judgment logic of snowfall, and after a period of time, the precipitation is determined to be rain according to the judgment logic of precipitation, then the control component 12 determines that the precipitation of the observation day is sleet. Since hail is often accompanied by rain, the precipitation observation specification stipulates that when hail appears in the precipitation, the precipitation of the day is marked as “hail”, so the case of rain is not considered when determining that the precipitation is hail.

[0081] Example 5, within an observation day, if the control component 12 detects that the light of the optical grid is obstructed, and after heating the light is still not restored to be unobstructed, it is determined that the solid precipitation is foreign matter such as leaves and garbage, which needs to be cleaned manually. For this, the instrument is set to a continuous heating duration of 30 minutes, because the heating duration of 30 minutes is sufficient to melt any solid precipitation in the snow barrel. If the light is still not restored to be unobstructed after heating for 30 minutes, in addition to determining that there is foreign matter in the snow barrel, the instrument will not work, and will work again after the light is restored to be unobstructed.

[0082] In addition, when the instrument works with the rain gauge, when the fifth light is obstructed, it indicates that the water inlet of the rain gauge will be full soon, and the instrument will issue an alarm, which needs to be handled immediately, otherwise the solid precipitation will overflow and cause observation errors. If the use unit requires the snow barrel to be emptied before the observation time point within the day (the observation time of the hydrological department is 8 o'clock and 20 o'clock every day, and the observation time of the meteorological department is 8 o'clock, 14 o'clock and 20 o'clock every day), the instrument can be set to empty the snow barrel 30 minutes before the observation time within the day, to ensure that there is no precipitation in the barrel at the beginning of the next observation period.

[0083] It should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicated in the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are only for the purpose of description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0084] In the description herein, it should also be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0085] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

[0086] It can be understood that the same or similar parts in the above embodiments can be mutually referred to, and the contents not described in detail in some embodiments can be referred to the same or similar contents in other embodiments. The multiple schemes provided by the present application contain basic schemes of themselves, which are independent of each other and do not restrict each other, but they can also be combined with each other without conflict to achieve multiple effects together.

[0087] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limiting the present application, and those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, replacements and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A grating-type rain and snow recognition device, characterized in that, It comprises: a shell (3); a water receiving port (1) for receiving precipitation, which is installed at the top end of the shell (3); a snow bucket (2) which is arranged below the water receiving port (1) and connected with the water receiving port (1), the snow bucket (2) is conical, the included angle between the bucket wall of the snow bucket (2) and the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to 74.5°, and the large end of the snow bucket (2) is connected with the water receiving port (1) and the bottom end is provided with a water outlet with a diameter of 0.3 cm, wherein at least three groups of light holes (10) are longitudinally and symmetrically arranged on the bucket wall of the snow bucket (2); an optical grid (4) arranged on the inner wall of the shell (3), and the number and position of the light of the optical grid (4) correspond to the light holes (10); an electric heating device (6) arranged on the outer wall of the snow bucket (2); a flipper assembly (5) arranged directly below the water outlet; a control assembly (12) electrically connected with the optical grid (4), the flipper assembly (5) and the electric heating device (6); the top of the light hole (10) is provided with a inverted V-shaped hole eave.

2. The optical raster snow and rain discriminator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical grid (4) comprises a plurality of light emitting devices (8) and light sensing devices (9), one light emitting device (8) and one light sensing device (9) form a group to generate a light, the light grid is composed of multiple light, the light emitting device (8), the light sensing device (9) correspond to the number and position of the light holes (10) arranged in pairs, the light emitting device (8) and the light sensing device (9) are connected with the control assembly (12).

3. The optical raster snow and rain discriminator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the snow bucket (2) is provided with a temperature sensor (7), and the temperature sensor (7) is connected with the control assembly (12).

4. The optical raster snow and rain discriminator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The light sensing device (9) and the light hole (10), the light emitting device (8) and the light hole (10) are provided with a light pipe (13), and the light pipe (13) is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the snow bucket (2).

5. The optical raster snow and rain discriminator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the water receiving port (1) is 20 cm, the height is 10 cm, the height of the snow bucket (2) is 36 cm, the diameter of the large end is 20 cm, the light holes (10) are arranged in 5 groups, the distances between the 5 groups of light holes (10) and the bottom end of the snow bucket (2) are 5 cm, 9.5 cm, 18 cm, 30 cm and 34 cm respectively, and the light holes (10) are used for making the light of the optical grid (4) enter and pass through the snow bucket (2).

6. The optical raster snow and rain discriminator according to claim 1, characterized in that, An air temperature sensor (11) for detecting atmospheric temperature is arranged on the shell (3), and the air temperature sensor (11) is connected with the control assembly (12).

7. The optical raster snow and rain discriminator according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also comprises a display screen connected with the control assembly (12).

8. The optical raster snow and rain discriminator according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are also a solar cell panel and a storage battery for providing power for the control assembly (12), the optical grid (4) and the electric heating device (6).

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