Leveling method for locomotive side walls

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a leveling method of a locomotive side wall, and relates to the technical field of welding production process. The locomotive side wall comprises a rigid framework and a skin plate. The leveling method comprises the following steps: selecting a welding device and a leveling welding wire, the melting point of the leveling welding wire is lower than the melting point of the skin plate, and the two are not fused after being heated; determining a plurality of to-be-welded points on the skin plate; installing the leveling welding wire on the welding device and sequentially welding at the plurality of to-be-welded points; and stripping the cooled leveling welding wire on the skin plate. In the present disclosure, the to-be-welded points on the skin plate are combined, and welding is directly performed on the skin plate. In this way, the high-temperature concentrated welding arc during welding improves the leveling effect on the skin plate. Since the melting point of the leveling welding wire is lower than the melting point of the skin plate, and the leveling welding wire and the skin plate are not fused after being heated, the leveling welding wire on the skin plate after welding can be easily cleaned, and at the same time, damage to the surface of the skin plate can be avoided, and the original state of the surface of the skin plate is ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of welding production process, in particular, to a leveling method of locomotive side wall. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, in the process of steel structure manufacturing, thin plate structure will have very serious deformation problem after welding due to poor rigidity, so it needs to be leveled. Taking locomotive side wall as an example, since obvious pits cannot exist in appearance, it needs to be leveled.

[0003] Currently, the leveling methods mainly used include manual leveling, flame leveling and mechanical leveling. For manual leveling, since the locomotive side wall is not allowed to be hit by hand hammer, the manual leveling has certain limitations; the flame leveling needs a certain plate thickness, and the locomotive side wall skin plate is relatively thin, so the flame leveling also has certain limitations; the mechanical leveling is generally used for leveling of small or narrow and long parts, and the locomotive side wall needs to be leveled after the locomotive body is formed, so it is also not applicable. Therefore, a leveling method of locomotive side wall is urgently needed.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only used to strengthen the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore can include information which does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a leveling method of locomotive side wall, which can effectively realize the leveling of locomotive side wall.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a leveling method of locomotive side wall is provided, the locomotive side wall comprising a rigid framework and a skin plate welded with the rigid framework;

[0007] The leveling method comprises:

[0008] selecting welding equipment and leveling welding wire, the melting point of the leveling welding wire being lower than the melting point of the skin plate, and the leveling welding wire not being mutually fused after being heated with the skin plate;

[0009] determining a plurality of to-be-welded points on the skin plate;

[0010] installing the leveling welding wire on the welding equipment, and welding in turn at a plurality of the to-be-welded points;

[0011] peeling off the cooled leveling welding wire on the skin plate.

[0012] According to any of the leveling methods, after sequentially welding at the plurality of points to be welded, the leveling method further comprises: measuring the flatness of the skin plate, and returning to and performing the step of determining the plurality of points to be welded on the skin plate when the flatness of the skin plate does not meet the requirement.

[0013] According to any of the leveling methods, the thickness of the skin plate is greater than or equal to 1.5 mm and less than or equal to 2.0 mm.

[0014] According to any of the leveling methods, the ratio of the melting point of the leveling wire to the melting point of the skin plate is less than or equal to 0.8.

[0015] According to any of the leveling methods, the melting point of the leveling wire is less than or equal to 670℃, and the melting point of the skin plate is greater than or equal to 1500℃.

[0016] According to any of the leveling methods, the leveling wire is an aluminum wire, and the skin plate is a low-carbon steel sheet.

[0017] According to any of the leveling methods, the aluminum wire is an aluminum-magnesium alloy wire or an aluminum-silicon alloy wire.

[0018] According to any of the leveling methods, sequentially welding at the plurality of points to be welded comprises:

[0019] determining welding parameters, the welding parameters comprising gas flow, welding current, wire feeding speed, arc voltage, and welding time;

[0020] sequentially welding at the plurality of points to be welded according to the welding parameters.

[0021] According to any of the leveling methods, the gas flow is 14-18 L / min, the welding current is 130-140 A, the wire feeding speed is 8.2-8.6 m / min, the arc voltage is 22.2-22.4 V, and the welding time is 0.4-1.4 S.

[0022] According to any of the leveling methods, the thickness of the skin plate is 2 mm, and the diameter of the leveling wire is 1.2 mm.

[0023] The gas flow is 15 L / min, the welding current is 135 A, the wire feeding speed is 8.4 m / min, the arc voltage is 22.3 V, and the welding time is 0.9 S.

[0024] The embodiments of the present disclosure at least have the following technical effects:

[0025] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, after the to-be-welded points on the skin plate to be leveled are determined, the leveling welding wire is directly used to weld at the to-be-welded points, so that the welding arc with high temperature concentration improves the leveling effect on the skin plate. Since the melting point of the leveling welding wire is lower than that of the skin plate, and the leveling welding wire and the skin plate do not melt into each other after being heated, the leveling welding wire cooled on the skin plate after welding can be conveniently cleaned, and damage to the surface of the skin plate can be avoided, so that the original state of the surface of the skin plate is ensured.

[0026] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and cannot limit the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings incorporated by reference in the specification and forming a part of the specification illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and, together with the specification, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor based on these drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a locomotive side wall is provided for the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 2 An exploded structural schematic diagram of a locomotive side wall is provided for the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 3 A flowchart of a leveling method of a locomotive side wall is provided for the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 4 An identification schematic diagram of to-be-welded points on a skin plate is provided for the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] Reference signs:

[0033] 10, locomotive side wall;

[0034] 1, rigid framework; 2, skin plate; 3, to-be-welded point. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments, however, can be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the implementations set forth herein; rather, these implementations are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the drawings, and thus a detailed description of them will not be repeated. In addition, the drawings are merely schematic and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0036] Although relative terms are used in this specification, such as "upper", "lower", to describe the relative relationship of one component of the icon to another component, these terms are used in this specification only for convenience, such as the direction according to the example shown in the drawing. It can be understood that if the device of the icon is turned upside down, the component described as "upper" will become the component described as "lower". When a structure is "on" another structure, it can mean that the structure is integrally formed on the other structure, or that the structure is "directly" disposed on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" disposed on the other structure through another structure.

[0037] The terms "one", "an", "the", "said", and "at least one" are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms "include" and "have" are used to indicate an open-ended inclusion and refer to the presence of additional elements / components / etc. in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.; the terms "first", "second", and "third" and the like are used only as labels and are not intended to limit the number of objects to which they refer.

[0038] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a locomotive side wall provided by the present disclosure is illustrated, Figure 2 An exploded structural schematic diagram of a locomotive side wall provided by the present disclosure is illustrated. As Figure 1 Or Figure 2 As shown, the locomotive side wall 10 includes a rigid framework 1 and a skin plate 2, and the rigid framework 1 is welded with the skin plate 2.

[0039] The rigid framework 1 refers to a circular or polygonal (rectangular) structure connected by rigid square tubes, etc., and the skin plate 2 is welded on one side of the rigid framework 1.

[0040] After the rigid framework 1 and the skin plate 2 are welded, the deformation of the skin plate 2 is inevitable, which makes the surface of the skin plate 2 uneven and cannot meet the requirement of flatness of the product. Therefore, the skin plate 2 needs to be leveled.

[0041] Figure 3 A flowchart of a leveling method of a locomotive side wall provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. As Figure 3 As shown, the leveling method includes the following steps S310-S340.

[0042] Step S310, select a welding device and a leveling welding wire, the melting point of the leveling welding wire is lower than the melting point of the skin plate 2, and the leveling welding wire and the skin plate 2 do not melt together after being heated.

[0043] Step S320, determine the welding points 3 on the skin plate 2.

[0044] Step S330, install the leveling welding wire on the welding device, and sequentially weld at the plurality of welding points 3.

[0045] Step S340, peel off the cooled leveling welding wire on the skin plate 2.

[0046] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, after the welding points 3 to be leveled on the skin plate 2 to be leveled are determined, the leveling welding wire is directly welded at the welding points 3 to be welded, so that the welding points 3 to be welded on the skin plate 2 shrink under the cooling effect of the protective gas, and then the leveling of the skin plate 2 is realized under the tension of the rigid framework 1, thereby improving the leveling effect. Since the melting point of the leveling welding wire is less than the melting point of the skin plate 2, and the leveling welding wire and the skin plate 2 do not fuse with each other after being heated, it is convenient to clean the leveling welding wire on the skin plate 2 after welding, and at the same time, damage to the surface of the skin plate 2 can be avoided, and the original state of the surface of the skin plate 2 is ensured.

[0047] In addition, when welding on the skin plate 2, it is local heating at the welding points 3 to be welded, and due to the high-temperature concentrated welding arc, the temperature rise of the welding points 3 to be welded is obvious (for example, the welding device generates an arc temperature of more than 10,000 at the welding points 3 to be welded), so that the heat is more concentrated at the welding points 3 to be welded, and the temperature difference gradient of the skin plate 2 in the direction away from the welding points 3 to be welded is obvious, thereby making the leveling effect more significant.

[0048] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the leveling of the skin plate 2 is mainly realized by welding, and when welding on the skin plate 2, the welding position on the skin plate 2 needs to reach a red-hot state.

[0049] In order to avoid the melting or even welding-through of the welding position on the skin plate 2, a skin plate 2 with a thickness greater than or equal to 1.5 mm is usually selected. In this way, by selecting a thicker skin plate 2, the heat that can be absorbed by the area where the welding position is located can be increased, thereby avoiding the melting or welding-through of the welding position on the skin plate 2. Of course, in order to avoid the thickness of the skin plate 2 being too thick, so that the welding position on the skin plate 2 is difficult to reach a red-hot state in the entire thickness direction in a short time, thereby causing poor leveling effect of the welding position on the skin plate 2, a skin plate 2 with a thickness less than or equal to 2.0 mm can be selected.

[0050] In summary, the thickness of the skin plate 2 is greater than or equal to 1.5 mm and less than or equal to 2.0 mm, so that when welding on the skin plate 2, the melting or welding-through of the welding position is avoided, and at the same time, it is ensured that the welding position reaches a red-hot state in the entire thickness direction, thereby ensuring the leveling effect of the welding position.

[0051] In the step S310, the welding equipment can be a shielded metal arc welding machine, such as a MIG welding machine using argon (99.99% purity) as a shielding gas, or a MAG welding machine. Of course, the welding equipment can also be other welding equipment, as long as the skin plate 2 can be red-hot when welded by the welding equipment, and the present disclosure does not limit the welding equipment.

[0052] When the leveling wire is selected, in order to avoid the leveling wire and the skin plate 2 from melting at the welding position and further intermelting, the melting point of the leveling wire is less than the melting point of the skin plate 2. In this way, when the welding equipment is used to weld the skin plate 2, the welding temperature can be controlled to avoid the skin plate 2 from melting at the welding position on the premise that the leveling wire is melted, thereby avoiding the intermelting of the melted leveling wire and the skin plate 2, and further avoiding the damage to the surface of the skin plate 2 when the slag of the leveling wire is removed subsequently.

[0053] Optionally, the ratio of the melting point of the leveling wire to the melting point of the skin plate 2 is less than or equal to 0.8. In this way, by limiting the maximum ratio of the melting point of the leveling wire to the melting point of the skin plate 2, the melting point of the leveling wire is prevented from being close to the melting point of the skin plate 2, thereby increasing the difficulty of controlling the welding temperature.

[0054] For example, the melting point of the leveling wire is less than or equal to 670°C, and the melting point of the skin plate 2 is greater than or equal to 1500°C.

[0055] In some embodiments, the skin plate 2 is a low-carbon steel sheet, and in this case, an aluminum wire can be used as the leveling wire. In this way, by combining the specific material of the skin plate 2 and the leveling wire, the melting point of the leveling wire is limited to be less than the melting point of the skin plate 2, thereby achieving the leveling of the skin plate 2 while avoiding the damage to the surface of the skin plate 2.

[0056] The aluminum wire can be a pure aluminum wire, an aluminum-magnesium alloy series wire, or an aluminum-silicon alloy series wire. Of course, the aluminum wire can also be other wires containing aluminum, as long as the melting point of the aluminum wire is lower than the melting point of the low-carbon steel sheet, and the present disclosure does not limit the aluminum wire.

[0057] In the step S320, for the locomotive side wall 10 to be leveled, the flatness of the skin plate 2 can be measured by using a ruler or other operating tools to determine a plurality of areas to be leveled on the skin plate 2, and then the center points of the plurality of areas to be leveled are taken as the welding points 3 on the skin plate 2 and marked, as shown in FIG. 3B, so that subsequent welding can be directly performed on the skin plate 2 according to the marked welding points 3. Figure 4

[0058] The areas to be leveled can be determined according to the raised areas and the recessed areas on the skin plate 2.​

[0059] In the step S330, for the plurality of welding points 3 on the skin plate 2, the welding can be performed on the welding points 3 by means of spot welding.

[0060] After the leveling welding wire is installed on the welding equipment, for the plurality of welding points 3 on the skin plate 2, the welding parameters including the gas flow, the welding current, the wire feeding speed, the arc voltage and the welding time can be determined, and then the welding can be performed on the plurality of welding points 3 according to the welding parameters.

[0061] Specifically, the welding equipment is set according to the welding parameters of the above-mentioned spot welding mode, and after the setting is completed, the welding equipment can perform welding on the plurality of welding points 3 by means of spot welding based on the determined welding parameters.

[0062] Optionally, for each parameter included in the welding parameters, the gas flow is 14-18 L / min, the welding current is 130-140 A, the wire feeding speed is 8.2-8.6 m / min, the arc voltage is 22.2-22.4 V, and the welding time is 0.4-1.4 S.

[0063] The specific values of each parameter can be determined in combination with the thickness of the skin plate 2, the degree of depression and protrusion of the welding points 3, etc. For example, when the thickness of the skin plate 2 is 2 mm and the diameter of the leveling welding wire is 1.2 mm, the specific values of each parameter included in the welding parameters are as follows: the gas flow is 15 L / min, the welding current is 135 A, the wire feeding speed is 8.4 m / min, the arc voltage is 22.3 V, and the welding time is 0.9 S.

[0064] For the above-mentioned parameters, the welding current or the arc voltage can also be reduced, and the welding time can be increased to ensure the leveling effect of the area where the welding points 3 are located; or the welding current or the arc voltage can be increased, and the welding time can be reduced to ensure the leveling effect of the area where the welding points 3 are located.

[0065] In some embodiments, when the plurality of welding points 3 are welded in sequence in the step S330, after one welding of the plurality of welding points 3 is completed, the flatness of the skin plate 2 can be measured, and when the flatness of the skin plate 2 does not meet the requirements, the step S302 is returned and executed.

[0066] Wherein, for the flatness of the skin plate 2, a ruler or the like can be used for measurement, as long as the accuracy of the detection structure can be ensured. When the flatness of the skin plate 2 measured does not meet the product requirements, it can be returned and step S330 is performed to re-weld the plurality of to-be-welded points 3; or in combination with the measurement structure of the skin plate 2, at least one to-be-welded point 3 that needs to be continuously welded is determined from the plurality of to-be-welded points 3 (i.e. return and perform step S320), and then step S330 is performed to sequentially weld the at least one re-determined to-be-welded point 3, so as to ensure the leveling effect while improving the leveling efficiency of the skin plate 2.

[0067] In other embodiments, for each to-be-welded point 3 of the plurality of to-be-welded points 3 on the skin plate 2, at least one welding is performed at one to-be-welded point 3, and synchronous measurement is performed at the same time, until the flatness of the area where the one to-be-welded point 3 is located meets the requirements. In this way, by the same way, the areas where the plurality of to-be-welded points 3 are located are leveled in sequence to achieve the effect of leveling the skin plate 2.

[0068] In the above step S340, in combination with the melting point of the leveling wire defined in the above step S310 being less than the melting point of the skin plate 2, and the leveling wire and the skin plate 2 not being mutually fused after being heated, in this way, under the premise of ensuring the melting of the leveling wire by controlling the welding temperature, the welding part on the skin plate 2 is avoided from melting, so that the welding slag generated when the leveling wire is welded will not adhere to the skin plate 2. Then, when stripping the welding slag, the skin plate 2 can be knocked and vibrated to facilitate the stripping of the cooled leveling wire on the skin plate, or the cooled leveling wire on the skin plate 2 is manually stripped by the operator.

[0069] Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the aspects disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

Claims

1. A method for leveling a locomotive sidewall, the locomotive sidewall comprising a rigid frame and a skin plate welded to the rigid frame, characterized in that, The leveling method includes: Welding equipment and leveling wire are selected. The melting point of the leveling wire is lower than that of the skin plate, and the leveling wire and the skin plate do not fuse with each other after being heated. The ratio of the melting point of the leveling wire to the melting point of the skin plate is less than or equal to 0.

8. Identify multiple points to be welded on the skin plate; The leveling wire is installed on the welding equipment and welding is performed sequentially at multiple points to be welded to melt the leveling wire and ensure that the skin plate is in an unmelted state at the points to be welded. Peel off the cooled leveling welding wire from the skin plate; The skin plate is a thin sheet of low-carbon steel with a melting point greater than or equal to 1500°C, and the leveling welding wire is a welding wire containing metallic aluminum with a melting point less than or equal to 670°C.

2. The leveling method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After sequentially welding the plurality of points to be welded, the process further includes: The flatness of the skin plate is measured, and if the flatness of the skin plate does not meet the requirements, the process returns to and executes the step of determining multiple points to be welded on the skin plate.

3. The leveling method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the skin panel is greater than or equal to 1.5 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm.

4. The leveling method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The leveling welding wire is an aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire or an aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire.

5. The leveling method as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The sequential welding at multiple points to be welded includes: Determine the welding parameters, which include gas flow rate, welding current, wire feed speed, arc voltage, and welding duration; Welding is performed sequentially at multiple points to be welded according to the welding parameters.

6. The leveling method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The gas flow rate is 14~18L / min, the welding current is 130~140A, the wire feed speed is 8.2~8.6m / min, the arc voltage is 22.2~22.4V, and the welding time is 0.4~1.4S.

7. The leveling method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The thickness of the skin plate is 2mm, and the diameter of the leveling welding wire is 1.2mm; The gas flow rate is 15 L / min, the welding current is 135 A, the wire feed speed is 8.4 m / min, the arc voltage is 22.3 V, and the welding time is 0.9 s.

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