Ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure, hole-making tooling, and riveting hole manufacturing method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a rudder shaft connection structure, and in particular to a ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure, a hole-making tool, and a method for making riveting holes. The present invention solves the technical problem that it is difficult to achieve reliable connection between the existing ceramic-based composite rudder shaft and the rudder body. The rudder shaft connection structure of the present invention includes a rudder body and a rudder shaft, and the rudder body includes a rudder shaft adapter sleeve mounted on the rudder shaft, a semi-arc gasket assembly, a first arc gasket, a second arc gasket, a skin assembly, and a rudder shaft span box-shaped part connected to the bottom surface of the rudder shaft adapter sleeve. The rudder shaft adapter sleeve includes a semi-circular curved surface structural plate that fits the rudder shaft and a flat bottom plate that contacts the bottom surface of the rudder shaft; the semi-arc gasket assembly includes a first semi-arc gasket and a second semi-arc gasket; the skin assembly includes a first skin and a second skin; the rudder shaft and the rudder body are riveted into a whole by pins. The present invention also provides a hole-making tool and a method for making riveting holes for the above-mentioned rudder shaft connection structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a rudder shaft connection structure for rudder products, and in particular to a ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure, a hole making tool and a riveting hole making method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Ceramic-based composites are a new type of thermally structural / functionally integrated material that combines the performance advantages of metal, ceramic, and carbon materials. They are characterized by high temperature resistance, low density, high specific strength, high specific modulus, oxidation resistance, ablation resistance, insensitivity to cracks, and no catastrophic damage. They are widely used in the fields of machinery, aerospace, nuclear, and energy. Currently, there are two main methods for forming composite components at home and abroad. One is the integral forming method, which refers to directly forming the component by stitching and weaving the entire component. The second is the assembly method. This refers to breaking down the component into parts to reduce the difficulty of forming the component and improve the maintainability of the component. After the parts are formed, the components are assembled and fastened together using composite connectors to form a component assembly. The component assembly is combined with the vapor deposition method to ultimately form the component by bonding the part assembly and the composite fasteners through the ceramic matrix.

[0003] Conventional rudder shaft connection structures are often square in shape, with the shaft inserted into the rudder body and connected via screws. However, if a rudder shaft connection structure is used using a ceramic-based composite material, the rudder shaft, a hollow cylindrical structure made of carbon cloth, cannot be made into a square shape and cannot be connected to the rudder body via screws. Therefore, connecting the ceramic-based composite rudder shaft to the rudder body presents a significant challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problem that it is difficult to achieve reliable connection between the existing ceramic-based composite rudder shaft and the rudder body, and to provide a ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure and its hole making tooling and riveting hole making method.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0006] A ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure is characterized in that it comprises a rudder body and a rudder shaft, wherein the rudder body comprises a rudder shaft adapter sleeve sleeved on one end of the rudder shaft, a semi-arc-shaped gasket assembly, a first arc-shaped gasket, a second arc-shaped gasket, a skin assembly and a rudder shaft span box;

[0007] The rudder shaft adapter sleeve includes a semicircular curved surface structural plate that fits the outer surface of the upper portion of the rudder shaft, and a flat bottom plate that contacts the outer surface of the bottom portion of the rudder shaft. The two sides of the semicircular curved surface structural plate are respectively connected to the two sides of the flat bottom plate through two flat plates. One end of the flat plate is smoothly connected to one side of the semicircular curved surface structural plate, and its inner surface is tangent to the surface of the rudder shaft. The other end of the flat plate is connected to the flat bottom plate.

[0008] The upper end surface of the rudder shaft span box-shaped member is the same size as and fits closely to the bottom surface of the flat bottom plate, with corresponding step structures provided on both sides, and the lower end surface is flat and parallel to the upper end surface;

[0009] The semi-arc gasket assembly includes a first semi-arc gasket and a second semi-arc gasket respectively attached to the outer surface of the rudder shaft adapter sleeve, and the upper end edges of the first semi-arc gasket and the second semi-arc gasket are spliced and contacted, and the lower ends are respectively in contact with the step surface of the step structure;

[0010] The first arc-shaped gasket is attached to the outer surface of the first semi-arc-shaped gasket and the second semi-arc-shaped gasket; the second arc-shaped gasket is attached to the outer surface of the first arc-shaped gasket;

[0011] The lower ends of the first arc-shaped gasket and the second arc-shaped gasket are respectively located outside the step surface of the step structure and are flush therewith;

[0012] The skin assembly comprises a first skin and a second skin respectively attached to the outer surface of the second arc-shaped gasket, wherein the upper edges of the first skin and the second skin are spliced and in contact with each other, and the lower ends are flush with the lower end of the rudder shaft span box-shaped member or extend downward;

[0013] The rudder shaft and the rudder shaft adapter sleeve, the semi-arc gasket assembly, the first arc gasket, the second arc gasket, the skin assembly, and the rudder shaft span box-shaped parts are riveted into a whole through multiple pins.

[0014] Furthermore, the multiple pins are in five rows, each row is evenly arranged along the axis, and each row of pins is in a straight line, and the pin axes all point to the axis center of the rudder shaft; a row of pins connecting the rudder shaft, the rudder shaft adapter sleeve and the rudder shaft span box-shaped part is provided at the position where the rudder shaft contacts the flat bottom plate; four rows of pins are staggered in the area where the rudder shaft and the semicircular curved structural plate are in contact.

[0015] Furthermore, the distance between two adjacent pins in each row of pins is 15 to 30 mm; the central angle of adjacent rows of pins is 45°, and the central angle between the two outer rows of pins and the end faces of the semicircular curved structural plate is 22.5°; the diameter of the pins is φ6 to φ10.

[0016] Furthermore, the diameter of the pin is φ8.

[0017] Furthermore, the rudder shaft, rudder shaft adapter sleeve, semi-arc gasket assembly, first arc gasket, second arc gasket, skin assembly, rudder shaft span box-shaped part and pin are all made of C / SiC material.

[0018] Furthermore, the semi-arc gasket assembly, the first arc gasket and the second arc gasket are respectively provided with weight-reducing holes that are offset from the pins: the other end of the flat plate is connected to the flat bottom plate in an arc transition.

[0019] At the same time, the present invention provides a hole-making tool for the above-mentioned ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure, which is special in that:

[0020] It includes an arc-shaped guide plate assembly, a plurality of guide sleeve assemblies and a plurality of processing assemblies;

[0021] The arc-shaped guide plate assembly comprises a first semi-arc-shaped guide plate and a second semi-arc-shaped guide plate of the same thickness, wherein the thickness is ≥10 mm;

[0022] The inner surfaces of the first semi-arc guide plate and the second semi-arc guide plate are respectively adapted to fit with the outer surfaces of the first skin and the second skin;

[0023] The first semi-arc guide plate and the second semi-arc guide plate are respectively provided with a plurality of mounting holes, and the layout of the plurality of mounting holes is the same as the layout of the plurality of pins;

[0024] The guide sleeve assembly includes a first guide sleeve, a second guide sleeve and a third guide sleeve, wherein the outer diameters of the first guide sleeve, the second guide sleeve and the third guide sleeve are all φD+2, φD is the diameter of the pin, and the heights of the three are the same as the thickness of the first semi-arc guide plate; the inner diameter of the first guide sleeve is The inner diameter of the second guide sleeve is The inner diameter of the third guide sleeve is

[0025] The first guide sleeve, the second guide sleeve and the third guide sleeve are all used for installation in the installation hole;

[0026] The processing assembly includes a diamond reamer and a diamond drill bit, a diamond glass drill, and a diamond grinding rod with successively increasing outer diameters; the diamond drill bit, the diamond glass drill, the diamond grinding rod, and the diamond reamer are processing tools inlaid with a diamond coating;

[0027] The diamond drill bit is used to cooperate with the first guide sleeve to make the bottom hole of the riveting hole, and its outer diameter is adapted to the inner diameter of the first guide sleeve;

[0028] The diamond glass drill is used to cooperate with the second guide sleeve to expand the bottom hole of the riveting hole, and its outer diameter is adapted to the inner diameter of the second guide sleeve;

[0029] The diamond grinding rod is used in conjunction with the third guide sleeve to perform rough grinding and expanding on the riveted bottom hole after expansion, and its outer diameter is adapted to the inner diameter of the third guide sleeve;

[0030] The diamond reamer is used to finely ream the riveted bottom hole after rough grinding to an inner diameter size of φD±0.02.

[0031] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the diamond drill bit, diamond glass drill, and diamond grinding rod is 0.01-0.03 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the corresponding first guide sleeve, second guide sleeve, or third guide sleeve; the processing part of the diamond drill bit, diamond glass drill, diamond grinding rod, and diamond reamer must be consistent with the diameter of the rod;

[0032] The fitting clearance between the first guide sleeve, the second guide sleeve or the third guide sleeve and the mounting hole is ≤0.02mm.

[0033] At the same time, the present invention also provides a method for making riveting holes in the above-mentioned ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure, using the above-mentioned hole-making tool, which is special in that it includes the following steps:

[0034] 1) Install the first semi-arc guide plate of the hole-making tool on the assembled rudder shaft connection structure;

[0035] 2) Insert the first guide sleeve into the mounting hole of the first semi-arc guide plate, use a diamond drill bit to make the bottom hole of the rivet hole, and remove the first guide sleeve after making the bottom hole;

[0036] 3) Insert the second guide sleeve into the mounting hole in step 2) and use a diamond drill to enlarge the bottom diameter of the rivet hole. After enlarging the hole, remove the second guide sleeve.

[0037] 4) Insert the third guide sleeve into the mounting hole in step 2) and use a diamond grinding rod to roughly grind and expand the bottom hole of the riveted hole. After expansion, remove the third guide sleeve;

[0038] 5) Remove the first semi-arc guide plate, install the second semi-arc guide plate, make all the rivet holes corresponding to the second semi-arc guide plate according to the operation method of steps 2) to 4), and remove the second semi-arc guide plate;

[0039] 6) Use a diamond reamer to ream all riveted bottom holes to an inner diameter of φD±0.02.

[0040] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0041] 1. The ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure of the present invention connects the rudder shaft to the rudder shaft adapter sleeve, the arc-shaped gasket assembly, the first arc-shaped gasket, the second arc-shaped gasket, the skin assembly, the rudder shaft span box-shaped part and other parts through pins, thereby achieving a reliable connection between the circular rudder shaft and the rudder body. At the same time, it has the characteristics of light weight and high temperature resistance, can meet the external environment of high torque and high load, and is suitable for the flight environment of hypersonic aircraft.

[0042] 2. In the ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure of the present invention, the pins are arranged in five straight lines along the circumference of the rudder shaft. The pins penetrate the rudder shaft radially from the outside and point perpendicularly to the rudder shaft axis. The four rows of pins on the semicircular curved surface are symmetrically distributed about the semicircle's centerline. Because the fully contacting portion of the rudder shaft profile is semicircular, the angle between adjacent rows of pins is set at 45°. This ensures uniform pin distribution within a certain area and vertical symmetry. This design ensures uniform riveting of the rudder shaft, allowing the rudder shaft to evenly transfer force to the rudder body through the pins when subjected to external forces.

[0043] 3. In the ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure of the present invention, SiC pins with a diameter of φ6 to φ10 are used. The larger the rudder shaft diameter, the larger the pin diameter should be, but it should not be larger than φ10. Pins larger than φ10 are difficult to penetrate during the CVI deposition process due to their excessive diameter, resulting in insufficient pin strength. Pins with a diameter less than φ6 have a longer rivet depth and lower pin strength. The present invention adopts a pin spacing (i.e., the distance between pin holes) of 15 to 30 mm. If the pin hole spacing is too small, the part strength may be insufficient. If the pin hole spacing is too large, the pins are arranged less frequently, resulting in insufficient rivet strength.

[0044] 4. The ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure of the present invention is made of C / SiC material, which has the characteristics of light weight, high temperature resistance, and oxidation resistance, and can meet the high-temperature use environment above 1650°C.

[0045] 5. In the ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure of the present invention, the semi-arc-shaped gasket assembly, the first arc-shaped gasket, and the second arc-shaped gasket are respectively provided with weight-reducing holes, which can reduce the overall weight of the ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure.

[0046] 6. The hole-making tooling for the ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure of the present invention features a simple structure, easy installation, low manufacturing cost, and high processing efficiency. It can quickly solve the problem of producing rivet holes at multiple angles, producing rivet holes with high rivet accuracy and perpendicular to the rudder shaft axis. Its production efficiency can be increased by more than 2 times compared to machining with a five-axis CNC machine tool and by more than 5 times compared to machining with a three-axis CNC milling machine.

[0047] 7. The method for making rivet holes for a ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure of the present invention uses a hole-making tool, combines three guide sleeves with different types of diamond processing tools, and manually makes holes, quickly solving the problem of making multi-angle rudder shaft rivet holes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of an embodiment of the ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2This is an assembly diagram of an embodiment of the ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A top view of an embodiment;

[0051] Figure 4 for Figure 3 AA section view;

[0052] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the arc-shaped guide plate assembly in an embodiment of the hole-making tooling for the ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure of the present invention (only the first half of the arc-shaped guide plate is shown);

[0053] Figure 6 for Figure 5 AA sectional view (showing only the first half of the arc guide plate);

[0054] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of point B;

[0055] Figure 8 This is an assembly drawing of the rudder shaft connection structure and the hole-making tooling of the present invention.

[0056] Reference numerals:

[0057] 1-rudder shaft, 2-rudder shaft adapter sleeve, 21-semicircular curved structural plate, 22-flat bottom plate, 3-first semi-arc gasket, 4-second semi-arc gasket, 5-first arc gasket, 6-second arc gasket, 7-first skin, 8-second skin, 9-rudder shaft span box-shaped part, 91-step structure, 10-pin, 11-arc guide plate assembly, 12-guide sleeve assembly, 13-skin reference surface, 14-weight reduction hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The present invention successfully solves the problem of reliable connection between circular rudder shafts and rudder products by designing a ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure and then using pin riveting and CVI chemical deposition methods.

[0059] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0060] The ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, the rudder body includes a rudder shaft 1 and a plurality of pins 10. The rudder body includes a rudder shaft adapter sleeve 2, a semi-arc-shaped gasket assembly, a first arc-shaped gasket 5, a second arc-shaped gasket 6, a skin assembly, and a rudder shaft span box 9. In the present invention, the rudder shaft 1, the rudder shaft adapter sleeve 2, the semi-arc-shaped gasket assembly, the first arc-shaped gasket 5, the second arc-shaped gasket 6, the skin assembly, the rudder shaft span box 9, and the pins 10 are all made of C / SiC material. In other embodiments, they can also be made of other ceramic-based composite materials.

[0061] The rudder shaft adapter sleeve 2 is a hollow tube. The rudder shaft 1 is inserted into the rudder shaft steering sleeve 2 so that the rudder shaft adapter sleeve 2 is mounted on one end of the rudder shaft 1, and the ends are flush. The rudder shaft adapter sleeve 2 includes a semicircular curved surface structural plate 21 that fits the upper outer surface of the rudder shaft 1, and a flat bottom plate 22 that contacts the bottom outer surface of the rudder shaft 1. The two sides of the semicircular curved surface structural plate 21 are connected to the two sides of the flat bottom plate 22 through two flat plates respectively; one end of the flat plate is smoothly connected to one side of the semicircular curved surface structural plate 21, and the inner surface is tangent to the surface of the rudder shaft 1, and the other end is connected to the flat bottom plate 22 in an arc transition. The upper end surface of the rudder shaft span box 9 is the same size as the flat structure 22 and fits the bottom surface of the flat structure 22. Corresponding step structures 91 are provided on both sides of the rudder shaft span box 9, and the lower end surface is flat and parallel to the upper end surface.

[0062] The semi-arc gasket assembly includes a first semi-arc gasket 3 and a second semi-arc gasket 4, which are respectively attached to the outer surface of the rudder shaft adapter sleeve 2. The upper edges of the first and second semi-arc gaskets 3 and 4 are spliced and contacted, and the lower ends are respectively in contact with the stepped surface of the step structure 91. The first arc gasket 5 is attached to the outer surface of the first and second semi-arc gaskets 3 and 4; the second arc gasket 6 is attached to the outer surface of the first arc gasket 5. The lower ends of the first and second arc gaskets 5 and 6 are respectively located outside the stepped surface of the step structure 91 and are flush with it.

[0063] The skin assembly includes a first skin 7 and a second skin 8 respectively attached to the outer surface of the second arc-shaped gasket 6, and the upper edges of the first skin 7 and the second skin 8 are spliced and in contact, and the lower ends of the two are respectively flush with the lower end of the rudder shaft span box-shaped part 9 or extend downward. The gap between the inner surface of the skin assembly and the rudder shaft span box-shaped part 9 can be used for the continued extension and overlap of the rudder product body.

[0064] The rudder shaft 1 and the rudder shaft adapter sleeve 2, the semi-arc gasket assembly, the first arc gasket 5, the second arc gasket 6, the skin assembly, and the rudder shaft span box-shaped part 9 are riveted into a whole through multiple pins 10 to achieve the connection between the rudder shaft and the rudder body.

[0065] like Figure 4As shown, the rudder shaft connection structure is connected by a total of five rows of pins 10. The connection structure is connected in a linear and surface contact manner. Each row is evenly arranged along the axis, and each row of pins 10 is in a straight line. The axis of the pins 10 all point to the axis of the rudder shaft 1. The distance between two adjacent pins 10 in each row of pins 10 is 15 to 30 mm. In this embodiment, it is preferably 20 mm. If the spacing is too small, the spacing between the pin rivet holes is too small, which can easily lead to insufficient component strength. If the spacing between the pin rivet holes is too large, there will be fewer pins, which can easily lead to insufficient riveting strength. The outer generatrix of the rudder shaft 1 is tangent to the flat bottom plate 22 of the rudder shaft adapter sleeve 2. A row of rivet holes is provided perpendicular to the tangent line. That is, a row of pins 10 connecting the rudder shaft 1, the rudder shaft adapter sleeve 2 and the rudder shaft span box 9 is provided at the position where the rudder shaft 1 contacts the flat bottom plate 22. Four rows of pins 10 are staggered in the area where the rudder shaft 1 and the semicircular curved structural plate 21 meet. The central angles of adjacent rows of pins 10 are 45°, and the central angles of the two outer rows of pins 10 with the end faces of the semicircular curved structural plate 21 are 22.5°. The four rows of pins 10 are symmetrically arranged about the semicircular centerline of the semicircular curved structural plate 21. The diameter of the pins 10 ranges from φ6 to φ10. The larger the diameter of the rudder shaft 1, the larger the diameter of the pins 10 should be. However, the diameter should not be greater than φ10. Pins 10 larger than φ10 are difficult to penetrate during the CVI deposition process due to their excessive diameter, which can easily lead to insufficient strength of the pins 10. Pins 10 with a diameter less than φ6 have lower strength due to the longer riveting depth. In this embodiment, the diameter of the pins 10 is φ8.

[0066] The semi-arc gasket assembly, the first arc gasket 5 and the second arc gasket 6 are respectively provided with weight-reducing holes 14 which are offset from the pins 10, thereby reducing the overall weight of the rudder shaft connection structure.

[0067] The present invention also provides a hole-making tool for the aforementioned ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure. By inlaying guide sleeves of different specifications and employing a special tool for combined machining, this tool can simply, quickly, and efficiently produce rivet holes whose axes are perpendicular to and intersect the rudder shaft axis, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing production costs. The machining accuracy is consistent with that achieved by CNC machine tools. The hole-making tool of the present invention is described in detail below.

[0068] like Figure 5-Figure 7 As shown, the hole making tool includes an arc guide plate assembly 11, multiple guide sleeve assemblies 12 and multiple processing assemblies. The arc guide plate assembly 11 includes a first semi-arc guide plate and a second semi-arc guide plate of the same thickness, with a thickness of ≥10mm. The inner surfaces of the first semi-arc guide plate and the second semi-arc guide plate are respectively used to fit with the outer surfaces of the first skin 7 and the second skin 8, as shown in FIG. Figure 8The first semi-arc guide plate and the second semi-arc guide plate are respectively provided with a plurality of mounting holes, and the layout of the plurality of mounting holes is the same as the layout of the plurality of pins 10 on the ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure.

[0069] The guide sleeve assembly 12 includes a first guide sleeve, a second guide sleeve and a third guide sleeve, wherein the outer diameters of the first guide sleeve, the second guide sleeve and the third guide sleeve are all φD+2, φD is the diameter of the pin 10, and the heights of the three are the same as the thickness of the first semi-arc guide plate; the inner diameter of the first guide sleeve is The inner diameter of the second guide sleeve is The inner diameter of the third guide sleeve is During the hole-making process, the first, second, and third guide sleeves are selected and installed in the mounting holes according to the hole-making process. The specifications of the three guide sleeves are shown in Table 1.

[0070] Table 1 Guide bushing specifications and dimensions

[0071]

[0072] The machining components include a diamond reamer, a diamond drill bit, a diamond glass drill, and a diamond grinding rod with successively larger outer diameters. Because ceramic-based composites, primarily composed of C / SiC, are extremely hard and difficult to machine with conventional cutting tools, the diamond drill bit, diamond glass drill, diamond grinding rod, and diamond reamer are diamond-coated machining tools. The diamond drill bit is used in conjunction with the first guide sleeve to create the bottom hole for the rivet. Its outer diameter matches the inner diameter of the first guide sleeve. The diamond glass drill is used in conjunction with the second guide sleeve to expand the bottom hole for the rivet. Its outer diameter matches the inner diameter of the second guide sleeve. The diamond grinding rod is used in conjunction with the third guide sleeve to rough-grind the expanded bottom hole. Its outer diameter matches the inner diameter of the third guide sleeve. The diamond reamer is used to fine-ream the rough-ground bottom hole to an inner diameter of φD±0.02. The outer diameter of the diamond drill bit, diamond glass drill, or diamond grinding rod should be 0.01-0.03mm smaller than the inner diameter of the corresponding first, second, or third guide sleeve to ensure smooth insertion of the tool into the corresponding insert. Furthermore, the machining area of the diamond drill bit, diamond glass drill, diamond grinding rod, or diamond reamer must match the diameter of the rod to provide guidance. The clearance between the first, second, or third guide sleeve and the mounting hole should be ≤0.02mm. Table 2 shows the matching of machining components and guide sleeves.

[0073] Table 2 Coordination of machining components and guide sleeves

[0074]

[0075] The present invention also provides a method for making rivet holes in the above-mentioned ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure, using the hole-making tool provided by the present invention. After the rudder shaft connection structure is assembled, the hole-making tool is installed using the skin reference plane 13 and the end reference plane as the positioning reference of the hole-making tool. In the embodiment of the method for making rivet holes of the present invention, the diameter of the installation holes of the first semi-arc guide plate and the second semi-arc guide plate of the hole-making tool is The thickness of the hole-making tool is 10 to 10.5 mm. The dimensions of the guide sleeve for the hole-making tool are shown in Table 3.

[0076] Table 3 Guide sleeves for hole making tooling

[0077]

[0078] The following are the detailed steps of hole making method:

[0079] 1) Install the first semi-arc guide plate of the hole-making tool on the assembled rudder shaft connection structure;

[0080] 2) Inserting the plurality of first guide sleeves into the plurality of mounting holes of the first semi-arc guide plate, respectively, manually making the bottom holes of the rivet holes using a diamond drill bit with a clearance of less than 0.05 mm from the first guide sleeves, and removing the plurality of first guide sleeves after making the bottom holes;

[0081] 3) Insert multiple second guide sleeves into the mounting holes in step 2) respectively. Use a diamond glass drill with a test fit clearance of less than 0.05 to manually enlarge the bottom diameter of the riveted hole. After enlarging the hole, remove the second guide sleeve.

[0082] 4) Insert the third guide sleeve into the mounting hole in step 2) and use a diamond grinding rod with a clearance of less than 0.05 mm with the second guide sleeve to manually rough-grind the bottom hole of the riveted hole. After the hole is expanded, remove the third guide sleeve;

[0083] 5) Remove the first semi-arc guide plate, install the second semi-arc guide plate, make all the rivet holes corresponding to the second semi-arc guide plate according to the operation method of steps 2) to 4), and remove the second semi-arc guide plate;

[0084] 6) Use a diamond reamer to ream all riveted bottom holes to an inner diameter of φ8±0.02.

[0085] After the rivet holes are made, pins are used to rivet the rudder shaft to related parts, and then the rudder shaft and the rudder body are "rivet welded" using the CVI chemical vapor deposition method, achieving a reliable connection between the circular rudder shaft and the rudder body. At the same time, it has the characteristics of light weight and high temperature resistance, can meet the external environment of high torque and large load, and can be used in the flight environment of hypersonic aircraft.

Claims

1. A ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure, characterized by: The rudder body comprises a rudder body and a rudder shaft (1), wherein the rudder body comprises a rudder shaft adapter sleeve (2) sleeved on one end of the rudder shaft (1), a semi-arc-shaped gasket assembly, a first arc-shaped gasket (5), a second arc-shaped gasket (6), a skin assembly and a rudder shaft span box-shaped member (9); The rudder shaft adapter sleeve (2) comprises a semicircular curved surface structural plate (21) fitted with the outer surface of the upper portion of the rudder shaft (1), and a flat bottom plate (22) in contact with the outer surface of the bottom portion of the rudder shaft (1), the two sides of the semicircular curved surface structural plate (21) being connected to the two sides of the flat bottom plate (22) via two flat plates respectively; one end of the flat plate is smoothly transition-connected to one side of the semicircular curved surface structural plate (21), and the inner surface thereof is tangent to the surface of the rudder shaft (1), and the other end thereof is connected to the flat bottom plate (22); The upper end surface of the rudder shaft span box-shaped member (9) is of the same size and fits the bottom surface of the flat bottom plate (22), and corresponding step structures (91) are provided on both sides. The lower end surface is flat and parallel to the upper end surface. The semi-arc gasket assembly comprises a first semi-arc gasket (3) and a second semi-arc gasket (4) respectively attached to the outer surface of the rudder shaft adapter sleeve (2), wherein the upper end edges of the first semi-arc gasket (3) and the second semi-arc gasket (4) are spliced and contacted, and the lower ends are respectively in contact with the step surface of the step structure (91); The first arc-shaped gasket (5) is attached to the outer surface of the first semi-arc-shaped gasket (3) and the second semi-arc-shaped gasket (4); the second arc-shaped gasket (6) is attached to the outer surface of the first arc-shaped gasket (5); The lower ends of the first arc-shaped gasket (5) and the second arc-shaped gasket (6) are respectively located outside the step surface of the step structure (91) and are flush therewith; The skin assembly comprises a first skin (7) and a second skin (8) respectively attached to the outer surface of the second arc-shaped gasket (6), and the upper edges of the first skin (7) and the second skin (8) are spliced and in contact, and the lower ends are respectively flush with the lower end of the rudder shaft span box-shaped member (9) or extend downward; The rudder shaft (1), the rudder shaft adapter sleeve (2), the semi-arc gasket assembly, the first arc gasket (5), the second arc gasket (6), the skin assembly, and the rudder shaft span box-shaped member (9) are riveted into a whole through a plurality of pins (10).

2. The ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of pins (10) are arranged in five rows, each row is evenly arranged along the axis, and the pins (10) in each row are in a straight line, and the axes of the pins (10) all point to the axis of the rudder shaft (1); A row of pins (10) connecting the rudder shaft (1), the rudder shaft adapter sleeve (2) and the rudder shaft span box-shaped member (9) is provided at a position where the rudder shaft (1) contacts the flat bottom plate (22); Four rows of pins (10) are staggeredly arranged at the area where the rudder shaft (1) and the semicircular curved surface structural plate (21) are in contact.

3. The ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent pins (10) in each row of pins (10) is 15 to 30 mm; The center angles of adjacent rows of pins (10) are 45°, and the center angles of the two outer rows of pins (10) and the end faces of the semicircular curved structural plate (21) are 22.5°; The pin (10) has a diameter of φ6 to φ10.

4. The ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pin (10) has a diameter of φ8.

5. The ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: The rudder shaft (1), the rudder shaft adapter sleeve (2), the semi-arc-shaped gasket assembly, the first arc-shaped gasket (5), the second arc-shaped gasket (6), the skin assembly, the rudder shaft span box-shaped piece (9) and the pin (10) are all made of C / SiC material.

6. The ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The semi-arc gasket assembly, the first arc gasket (5), and the second arc gasket (6) are respectively provided with a weight-reducing hole (14) that is misaligned with the pin (10): The other end of the flat plate is connected to the plane bottom plate (22) in an arc transition.

7. A hole-making tool for the ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It comprises an arc-shaped guide plate assembly (11), a plurality of guide sleeve assemblies (12) and a plurality of processing assemblies; The arc-shaped guide plate assembly (11) comprises a first semi-arc-shaped guide plate and a second semi-arc-shaped guide plate of the same thickness, wherein the thickness is ≥10 mm; The inner surfaces of the first semi-arc guide plate and the second semi-arc guide plate are respectively used to fit with the outer surfaces of the first skin (7) and the second skin (8); The first semi-arc guide plate and the second semi-arc guide plate are respectively provided with a plurality of mounting holes, and the layout of the plurality of mounting holes is the same as the layout of the plurality of pins (10); The guide sleeve assembly (12) includes a first guide sleeve, a second guide sleeve and a third guide sleeve, wherein the outer diameters of the first guide sleeve, the second guide sleeve and the third guide sleeve are all φD+2, φD is the diameter of the pin (10), and the heights of the three are the same as the thickness of the first semi-arc guide plate; the inner diameter of the first guide sleeve is The inner diameter of the second guide sleeve is The inner diameter of the third guide sleeve is The first guide sleeve, the second guide sleeve and the third guide sleeve are all used for installation in the installation hole; The processing assembly includes a diamond reamer and a diamond drill bit, a diamond glass drill, and a diamond grinding rod with successively increasing outer diameters; the diamond drill bit, the diamond glass drill, the diamond grinding rod, and the diamond reamer are processing tools inlaid with a diamond coating; The diamond drill bit is used to cooperate with the first guide sleeve to make the bottom hole of the riveting hole, and its outer diameter is adapted to the inner diameter of the first guide sleeve; The diamond glass drill is used to cooperate with the second guide sleeve to expand the bottom hole of the riveting hole, and its outer diameter is adapted to the inner diameter of the second guide sleeve; The diamond grinding rod is used in conjunction with the third guide sleeve to perform rough grinding and expanding on the riveted bottom hole after expansion, and its outer diameter is adapted to the inner diameter of the third guide sleeve; The diamond reamer is used to finely ream the riveted bottom hole after rough grinding to an inner diameter size of φD±0.

02.

8. The hole-making tool for the ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the diamond drill bit, diamond glass drill, and diamond grinding rod is 0.01-0.03 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the corresponding first guide sleeve, second guide sleeve, or third guide sleeve; the processing part of the diamond drill bit, diamond glass drill, diamond grinding rod, and diamond reamer must be consistent with the diameter of the rod; The fitting clearance between the first guide sleeve, the second guide sleeve or the third guide sleeve and the mounting hole is ≤0.02mm.

9. A method for making riveting holes for a ceramic-based composite rudder shaft connection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, using the hole-making tool according to any one of claims 7 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Install the first semi-arc guide plate of the hole-making tool on the assembled rudder shaft connection structure; 2) Insert the first guide sleeve into the mounting hole of the first semi-arc guide plate, use a diamond drill bit to make the bottom hole of the riveting hole, and remove the first guide sleeve after making the bottom hole; 3) Insert the second guide sleeve into the mounting hole in step 2) and use a diamond drill to enlarge the bottom diameter of the rivet hole. After enlarging the hole, remove the second guide sleeve. 4) Insert the third guide sleeve into the mounting hole in step 2) and use a diamond grinding rod to roughly grind and expand the bottom hole of the riveted hole. After expansion, remove the third guide sleeve; 5) Remove the first semi-arc guide plate, install the second semi-arc guide plate, make all the rivet holes corresponding to the second semi-arc guide plate according to the operation method of steps 2) to 4), and remove the second semi-arc guide plate; 6) Use a diamond reamer to ream all riveted bottom holes to an inner diameter of φD±0.02.

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