A coal and gangue separation device and separation method based on high-pressure gas propulsion

Abstract

The embodiment of the present invention discloses a separation device and method for coal and gangue based on high-pressure gas propulsion, wherein the separation device includes a silo, a high-pressure gas supply structure connected to the silo, a multi-stage crushing structure connected to the silo, and a sorting structure connected to the multi-stage crushing structure; wherein the high-pressure gas supply structure is connected to the feed end of the silo and is used to provide high-pressure propulsion gas to the silo; the multi-stage crushing structure is located at the discharge end of the silo and is used to grade and crush the discharge in the silo; the sorting structure is used to screen and separate the discharge after being crushed by the multi-stage crushing structure. Through the above technical scheme, the separation device and separation method provided by the present invention have the advantages of no restrictions on the scale of coal and gangue, no pollution, and low cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the technical field of coal and gangue separation, and specifically to a coal and gangue separation device and separation method based on high-pressure gas propulsion. Background Art

[0002] Coal and gangue separation can generally be done by dry or wet separation.

[0003] The most widely used method in wet separation of coal and gangue is jigging, which is completed under the combined action of vertical pulsating water flow and horizontal water flow. Its main principle is that after the material has been subjected to several up and down pulsations of vertical water flow, it is gradually separated and layered: the part with low density gradually floats to the upper layer, while the material with high density sinks to the bottom layer. At the same time, due to the difference in density, the movement speed of the material in the horizontal water flow is different. The material with low density moves fast and enters the next link with the flushing water, and finally becomes clean coal, while the material with high density moves relatively slowly and is finally discharged through the discharge mechanism to become medium coal products or gangue materials. Because this method uses specific agents, it has a greater pollution to the environment. In addition, a large amount of water resources are consumed in the wet coal preparation process, which consumes a large amount of resources and does not meet the increasingly increasing environmental protection requirements.

[0004] Conventional dry coal separation mainly separates coal and gangue based on their different physical properties. The physical properties mainly refer to the density, grayscale, texture, hardness, radioactivity, magnetic conductivity and friction coefficient of the gangue. Commonly used dry separation methods for coal and gangue include manual sorting, wind coal separation, fluidized bed coal separation, selective crushing, ray transmission, imaging and magnetic separation. Among them, manual sorting has very low efficiency; fluidized bed coal separation has high sorting accuracy and good sorting effect. However, in actual application, the production cost of this method is relatively high, and it requires high operating skills of workers, so it has not been widely used. Summary of the invention

[0005] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a coal and gangue separation device and separation method based on high-pressure gas propulsion to solve the technical drawbacks existing in the coal and gangue separation process in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0007] In one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a coal and gangue separation device based on high-pressure gas propulsion is provided, comprising a silo, a high-pressure gas supply structure connected to the silo, a multi-stage crushing structure connected to the silo, and a sorting structure connected to the multi-stage crushing structure; wherein,

[0008] The high-pressure gas supply structure is connected to the feed end of the silo and is used to provide high-pressure propulsion gas into the silo;

[0009] The multi-stage crushing structure is located at the discharge end of the silo and is used to grade and crush the discharge from the silo;

[0010] The sorting structure is used to screen and separate the output material after being crushed by the multi-stage crushing structure.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the silo includes a gas containing chamber and a material storage chamber sequentially formed along the feed end from the discharge end, and the gas containing chamber and the material storage chamber are separated by a movably arranged piston.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the high-pressure gas supply structure includes at least a gas bin, an air compressor connected to the gas bin, and a gas pipeline connecting the gas bin and the gas containing chamber, and the gas pipeline is also provided with a ball valve for controlling the opening or closing of the gas pipeline.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the silo and the multi-stage crushing structure are connected via a quick-opening structure that can be isolated or connected.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the quick opening structure includes at least a stop block assembly fixedly arranged on one side of the discharge end of the silo, a plurality of clamping blocks clamped between the stop block assemblies, and a mass block clamped between the plurality of clamping blocks, and the distance between the clamping ends of the plurality of clamping blocks can be changed.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the clamping block is abutted by an oil pipeline, and the oil pipeline is located on a side of the clamping block away from the mass block;

[0016] The oil pipeline is connected with a hydraulic center, and the hydraulic center drives the clamping block to move toward one side of the mass block through the oil pipeline.

[0017] As a preferred solution of the present invention, a material collection bin is further provided at the discharge end of the multi-stage crushing structure and / or the sorting structure.

[0018] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the multi-stage crushing structure at least comprises a plurality of fins extending radially inward from the inner wall of the aggregate bin, and a collision assembly connected between the plurality of fins;

[0019] The collision assembly comprises a plurality of collision plates which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom along the axial direction of the aggregate bin and extend obliquely downward, and the lengths of the plurality of collision plates extending obliquely from top to bottom increase sequentially.

[0020] In another aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a method for separating coal and gangue based on high-pressure gas propulsion is provided, using the separation device described above, the separation method comprising:

[0021] S100, adding materials to be separated into the silo;

[0022] S200, introducing high-pressure gas into the silo from the feed end direction, pushing the material to be separated in the silo to be ejected through the discharge port at a ejection speed not lower than a preset speed;

[0023] S300, the ejected materials to be separated are crushed by a multi-stage crushing structure;

[0024] S300: After the crushed materials are screened and separated, coal and gangue are separated according to the screened sizes.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressure of the introduced high-pressure gas is 1.2 MPa.

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0027] The present invention overcomes the problems of poor environmental friendliness in wet separation by adopting a dry separation method; further, the technical solution of the present invention directly introduces a high-pressure gas supply structure for gas supply propulsion, and further processes the materials to be separated by combining a multi-stage crushing structure and a sorting structure, which can effectively screen and separate coal and gangue based on their physical and chemical characteristics. The entire separation device and its separation method have the advantages of no restrictions on the size of coal and gangue, no pollution, and low cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0029] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification so as to facilitate understanding and reading by persons familiar with the technology. They are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any structural modification, change in proportion or adjustment of size shall still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention.

[0030] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the structure of a separation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a local structure of a multi-stage crushing structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 Another partial structural schematic diagram of the multi-stage crushing structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a fin provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 A flowchart of a specific separation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] In the figure:

[0036] 1-gas bin; 2-material bin; 3-mass block; 4-piston; 5-ball valve; 6-clamping block; 7-stop block assembly; 8-hydraulic center; 9-collecting bin; 10-gas pipeline; 11-feeding end; 12-discharging end; 13-oil pipeline; 14-multi-stage crushing structure; 15-fin; 16-collision plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by specific embodiments. People familiar with the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] The following is a detailed description through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a coal and gangue separation device based on high-pressure gas propulsion, specifically, including: a silo 2, a gas silo 1, a piston 4, a mass block 3, a quick opening mechanism, a multi-stage crushing structure 14, a collection silo 9, a hydraulic center 8, high-pressure gas, a gas pipeline 10, a ball valve 5, an air compressor, a high-pressure pipe, etc.

[0040] The silo 2 is provided with a feed end 11, through which the mixture of coal and gangue is loaded into the silo 2, and gas is injected into the gas silo 1. The internal pressure of the gas silo 1 after the gas is injected is 1.2MPa. After the quick opening mechanism is started, the pressure in the gas silo 1 pushes the coal and gangue to be ejected quickly, and collides with the multi-stage crushing structure 14 in the aggregate bin 9. Since the tensile strength of coal blocks is lower than that of coal gangue, coal blocks are more easily collided and crushed, while most of the coal gangue will remain in their original state. Through screening with a screen of a specific aperture, the separation of coal and gangue can be quickly achieved.

[0041] In a specific embodiment, the inner diameter of the silo 2 is 260 mm, and a total of 40 kg of coal and gangue can be put in at one time. It should be noted that the size of the silo 2 is not fixed, and those skilled in the art can design silos 2 of different volumes according to actual conditions to better adapt to actual use needs.

[0042] A piston 4 is provided on one side of the silo 2 near the feed end 11. After the loading is completed, the piston 4 is put into place. The silo 2 below the piston 4 is formed as a material storage chamber, and the silo 2 above the piston 4 is formed as a gas containing chamber. In a specific embodiment, the piston 4 is sealed with the silo 2 through a sealing ring. It has the following functions: A. Separating the gas silo 1 and the silo 2. When the coal and gangue in the silo 2 are pushed out, the piston 4 is reset so that the gas in the gas silo 1 can be reused; B. The piston 4 can realize the overall surface propulsion of coal and gangue; C. The piston 4 is hollow, which can increase the speed and reduce the impact force on the steps in the silo 2 at the same time.

[0043] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the quick opening structure specifically includes: a stop block assembly 7 sequentially arranged on one side of the discharge end 12, the stop block assembly at least includes a group of stop blocks arranged at intervals from top to bottom, and a clamping block 6 is clamped between a group of stop blocks. The left and right sides of the clamping block 6 are connected to the hydraulic center 8 through an oil pipeline 13. A mass block 3 is installed below the silo 2, which can be in contact with the silo 2, and a clamping plate can be further installed below the mass block 3. The clamping block 6 in the quick opening structure presses the clamping plate in the left and right directions, and the mass block 3 can be positioned by pressing the clamping plate. The clamping plate and the clamping block 6 work together to encapsulate the coal and gangue in the silo 2.

[0044] When rapid unloading is required, the oil return hole of the oil pipeline 13 leading to the hydraulic center 8 is opened, the clamping block 6 moves rapidly to both sides, the high-pressure gas pushes the piston 4, the piston 4 pushes the coal and gangue mixture to move downward together, and the piston 4 stops at the upper step of the stop block near one side of the silo 2 in the silo 2. The mass block 3 moves rapidly downward under the push of the mixture, and the coal and gangue at the rear are ejected to the aggregate bin 9 through the discharge end 12, and collide with the multi-stage crushing structure 14 in the aggregate bin 9, and the multi-stage crushing structure 14 is provided with a two-stage collision plate 16.

[0045] In a more specific embodiment, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the multi-stage crushing structure 14 is installed in the cylindrical aggregate bin 9, symmetrically distributed, and divided into upper and lower layers. The collision plate 16 can be a steel plate with a thickness of 2 cm. The length of the upper collision plate 16 is 45 mm, the length of the lower collision plate 16 is 120 mm, and the two collision plates 16 are 80 mm apart. After the ore is ejected from the bin 2, the outermost ore will be intercepted and collided with the upper collision plate 16, and the center ore will continue to move downward and will be intercepted and collided with the lower collision plate 16, so the device can play a collision and diversion role.

[0046] The entire rapid unloading process is realized based on the following process: oil is unloaded through the hydraulic center 8, the clamping block 6 moves rapidly to both sides, thereby disengaging from the clamping plate, thereby loosening the clamping plate, and the mass block 3 moves rapidly downward under the push of gas pressure, and the coal and gangue in the silo 2 are quickly ejected.

[0047] Since the tensile strength of coal is generally lower than 1MPa, while the tensile strength of coal gangue is generally 2MPa, based on the above-mentioned structure of the present invention, the majority of coal blocks can be crushed by adjusting the pushing pressure, while only a small amount of coal gangue is crushed, and then the coal and gangue can be quickly separated by screening with a screen of a specific aperture.

[0048] Furthermore, the pressure of the gas bin 1 here can be maintained at 1.2 MPa, and the pressure in the gas bin 1 is maintained by injecting compressed air into the gas bin 1 through an air compressor.

[0049] The gas bin 1 is connected to the material bin 2 through a flexible gas pipeline 10, and the inner diameter of the gas pipeline 10 is 100 mm. A ball valve 5 is installed on the flexible gas pipeline 10, and the high-pressure gas in the gas bin 1 can be controlled to enter the material bin 2 by opening or closing the ball valve 5. When the ball valve 5 is opened, the gas can enter the gas containing chamber in the material bin 2.

[0050] In another aspect of the present invention, a method for separating coal and gangue based on high-pressure gas propulsion is provided. Figure 4 As shown, specifically including:

[0051] Step S100, grooves are carved on the lower end surface of the silo 2 and a sealing ring is placed thereon, and butter is applied to fix the sealing ring. The pad of the mass block 3 acts on the sealing ring, and the clamping block 6 is pushed by oil injection, so that the mass block 3 moves toward the top of the silo 2. When the sealing ring installed above the mass block 3 acts on the bottom of the step in the silo 2 and is compacted, the lower part of the silo 2 is sealed;

[0052] Step S200, loading coal and gangue into the silo 2 through the upper port of the silo 2, installing the piston 3, then installing the upper head of the silo 2, and finally installing the flexible hose (i.e., the gas pipeline 10);

[0053] Step S300, introduce 1.2 MPa compressed air into the air chamber 1, open the high-pressure ball valve (i.e., ball valve 5) on the flexible hose, and high-pressure gas enters the top of the piston;

[0054] Step S400, the hydraulic center 8 is driven by the controller to unload oil, the two clamping blocks (i.e., the clamping blocks 6) are respectively moved outward quickly, the mass block 3 moves downward and leaves the silo 2, so that the high-pressure gas pushes the coal and gangue to leave the silo 2 and is ejected at high speed through the discharge port;

[0055] Step S500, the coal and gangue ejected at high speed interact with the multi-stage collision structure (i.e., the multi-stage crushing structure 14, which completes the crushing operation through collision) in the collecting bin (i.e., the aggregate bin 9), and most of the coal blocks become smaller in size after collision, while the gangue has high tensile strength and most of them remain in their original state;

[0056] Step S600: After screening through a 31.5 mm aperture sieve, the coal and gangue are separated.

[0057] The present invention utilizes the large difference in strength characteristics between coal and gangue, and proposes a selective crushing method based on rapid high-pressure gas promotion, which utilizes the interaction between coal and gangue in a multi-stage collision process with a multi-stage crushing structure 14 under high-pressure gas promotion conditions, so that the gangue is not crushed or is less crushed, and the coal is completely crushed or basically crushed, and then after screening by a specific particle size, the coal and gangue can be effectively distinguished. This method is a dry separation method. Compared with conventional methods, the size of coal and gangue is not limited, and this method has the advantages of no pollution and low cost.

[0058] Although the present invention has been described in detail above by general description and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made to the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal and gangue separation device based on high-pressure gas propulsion, characterized in that: It comprises a silo (2), a high-pressure air supply structure connected to the silo (2), a multi-stage crushing structure (14) connected to the silo (2), and a sorting structure connected to the multi-stage crushing structure (14); wherein: The high-pressure gas supply structure is connected to the feed end (11) of the silo (2) and is used to provide high-pressure propelling gas into the silo (2); The multi-stage crushing structure (14) is located at the discharge end (12) of the silo (2) and is used to grade and crush the discharge from the silo (2); The sorting structure is used to screen and separate the output material after being crushed by the multi-stage crushing structure (14); The silo (2) and the multi-stage crushing structure (14) are connected via a quick-opening structure capable of being isolated or connected; The quick opening structure comprises at least a stop block assembly (7) fixedly arranged on one side of a material discharge end (12) of the silo (2), a plurality of clamping blocks (6) clamped between the stop block assembly (7), and a mass block (3) clamped between the plurality of clamping blocks (6), and the distance between the clamping ends of the plurality of clamping blocks (6) can be changed; The clamping block (6) is mounted on the side wall of the mass block (3) by means of an oil pipeline (13), and the oil pipeline (13) is located on a side of the clamping block (6) that is away from the mass block (3); The oil pipeline (13) is connected to a hydraulic center (8), and the hydraulic center (8) drives the clamping block (6) to move toward one side of the mass block (3) through the oil pipeline (13); The multi-stage crushing structure (14) and / or the discharge end (12) of the sorting structure is also provided with a collection bin (2); The multi-stage crushing structure (14) at least comprises a plurality of fins (15) extending radially inward from the inner wall of the aggregate bin (2), and a collision assembly connected between the plurality of fins (15); The collision assembly comprises a plurality of collision plates (16) which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom along the axial direction of the material collecting bin (2) and extend obliquely downward, and the lengths of the plurality of collision plates (16) extending obliquely from top to bottom increase in sequence.

2. The device for separating coal and gangue based on high-pressure gas propulsion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The silo (2) comprises a gas containing chamber and a material storing chamber which are sequentially formed along the feeding end (11) from the discharging end (12), and the gas containing chamber and the material storing chamber are separated from each other by a movably arranged piston (4).

3. The device for separating coal and gangue based on high-pressure gas propulsion according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The high-pressure gas supply structure comprises at least a gas bin (1), an air compressor connected to the gas bin (1), and a gas pipeline (10) connecting the gas bin (1) and the gas containing chamber, and the gas pipeline (10) is also provided with a ball valve (5) for controlling the opening or closing of the gas pipeline (10).

4. A method for separating coal and gangue based on high-pressure gas propulsion, characterized in that: Using the separation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the separation method comprises: S100, adding materials to be separated into the silo; S200, introducing high-pressure gas into the silo from the feed end direction, pushing the material to be separated in the silo to be ejected through the discharge port at a ejection speed not lower than a preset speed; S300, the ejected materials to be separated are crushed by a multi-stage crushing structure; S300: After the crushed materials are screened and separated, coal and gangue are separated according to the screened sizes.

5. The method for separating coal and gangue based on high-pressure gas propulsion according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure of the high-pressure gas introduced is 1.2MPa.

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