A hydrogen leakage safety interlock protection system and control method for a hydrogen refueling station

Abstract

The present invention relates to a hydrogen leakage safety interlock protection system and a control method for a hydrogen refueling station. A pressure gauge, a temperature sensor, and a pressure reducing and temperature reducing valve are provided on a hydrogen storage tank group. The pressure gauge and the temperature sensor are connected to a communication module, and the pressure reducing and temperature reducing valve is connected to an ESD emergency shutdown system, which includes a controller module and an actuator module; the hydrogen storage tank group is connected to a hydrogen transmission pipeline, and a plurality of solenoid valves and exhaust fans are arranged in the hydrogen transmission pipeline. Both the solenoid valves and the exhaust fans are connected to the actuator module; a hydrogen sensor is attached to the outer side of the hydrogen transmission pipeline; the hydrogen sensor is connected to the communication module, and the communication module is connected to a monitoring module, an alarm prompt module, and a storage module. The monitoring module, the alarm prompt module, and the storage module are all connected to the controller module; the actuator module of the ESD emergency shutdown system is also connected to a first stop button and a second stop button. The present invention solves the problem that the existing control system has a slow response when a failure occurs and is prone to major accidents.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of new energy safety, and particularly relates to a hydrogen leakage safety interlock protection system and a control method for a hydrogen refueling station. Background Art

[0002] At present, the filling pressure of hydrogen refueling stations worldwide has begun to increase from 35 MPa to 70 MPa. In recent years, newly built hydrogen refueling stations generally have the filling capacity of 70 MPa, and some original hydrogen refueling stations with a filling capacity of 35 MPa have also been upgraded to 70 MPa hydrogen refueling stations through technical transformation. The equipment of hydrogen refueling stations is in a high-pressure and low-temperature working environment for a long time. Hydrogen leakage is extremely likely to occur at positions such as the connections between high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks, valves and other equipment and pipelines. Therefore, higher requirements are put forward for the safety interlock protection of each link of the hydrogen refueling station. The main function of safety interlock protection is to automatically take protection or interlock measures when faults (hydrogen leakage) that endanger the safety of equipment and personnel occur during the start-up, shutdown and operation of the unit, prevent accidents from occurring and avoid the expansion of accidents, so as to ensure the normal start-up and shutdown and safe operation of the unit. It monitors the working state of the equipment and the operating parameters of the unit closely. When abnormal conditions occur, it issues alarm signals in a timely manner. When necessary, it automatically starts or cuts off some equipment or systems, so that the unit maintains the original load operation or reduces the load operation. For accidents such as hydrogen leakage and explosion that may occur in hydrogen refueling stations, an emergency plan can respond to the accidents quickly in a timely manner and adopt relatively reasonable treatment measures to handle the accidents. Before the accident causes more serious consequences, in order to reduce the losses brought by the accident, a very necessary and reasonable emergency plan can reduce the losses brought by the accident to a lower level.

[0003] The existing technologies at present have the following defects and deficiencies: 1. Most of the current technologies only consider the monitoring of hydrogen leakage and hydrogen explosion accidents, and do not form a systematic and automated safety interlock protection; 2. Most of the current safety interlock protection systems adopt DCS distributed control systems, and the reaction is slow when a failure occurs; 3. Relying on the manual judgment of staff for a long time is prone to major accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Object of the Invention: The present invention provides a hydrogen leakage safety interlock protection system and a control method for a hydrogen refueling station, aiming to solve the problems that most of the current technologies only consider the monitoring of hydrogen leakage and hydrogen explosion accidents and do not form an automated safety interlock protection; most of the safety interlock protection systems adopt DCS distributed control systems and the reaction is slow when a failure occurs; and relying on the manual judgment of staff for a long time is prone to major accidents.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution is as follows:

[0006] A hydrogen leakage safety interlock protection system for a hydrogen refueling station. In this system, a pressure gauge, a temperature sensor, and a pressure-reducing and temperature-reducing valve are provided on the hydrogen storage tank group. The pressure gauge and the temperature sensor are connected to a communication module, and the pressure-reducing and temperature-reducing valve is connected to an ESD emergency shutdown system. The ESD emergency shutdown system contains a controller module and an actuator module connected by signals; the hydrogen storage tank group is connected to a hydrogen transmission pipeline, and the hydrogen transmission pipeline is connected to a long tube trailer or a compressor for inputting hydrogen. A plurality of solenoid valves and exhaust fans are arranged in the hydrogen transmission pipeline, and both the solenoid valves and the exhaust fans are connected to the actuator module; a hydrogen sensor is attached to the outside of the hydrogen transmission pipeline to achieve omnidirectional real-time monitoring; the hydrogen sensor is connected to the communication module, and the communication module is connected to a monitoring module, an alarm prompt module, and a storage module. The monitoring module, the alarm prompt module, and the storage module are all connected to the controller module of the ESD emergency shutdown system; the actuator module of the ESD emergency shutdown system is also connected to a first stop button and a second stop button.

[0007] Further, the hydrogen sensor is a thin-film type sensor.

[0008] Further, the solenoid valves and the exhaust fans are arranged at intervals.

[0009] A control method for a hydrogen leakage safety interlock protection system of a hydrogen refueling station, the steps are as follows:

[0010] Step 1. The hydrogen sensor, the pressure gauge, and the temperature sensor perform omnidirectional real-time monitoring, and the real-time monitored data is transmitted to the monitoring module through the communication module;

[0011] Step 2. The monitoring module transmits the real-time monitored data to the controller module of the ESD emergency shutdown system. The controller module determines according to the data situation. The data situation is classified into normal operation, first-level fault, second-level fault, and emergency shutdown according to levels; when in normal operation, the actuator module only stores data through the storage module; when in first-level fault, the actuator module stores data through the storage module, the alarm prompt module issues an alarm signal, and calculates the action of the actuator module through an intelligent optimization algorithm; when in second-level fault, the actuator module stores data through the storage module, the alarm prompt module issues an alarm signal, and controls the pressure-reducing and temperature-reducing valve to reduce the pressure and temperature of the hydrogen storage tank group; when in emergency shutdown, the actuator module stores data through the storage module and stops the hydrogen storage tank group or the pipeline by controlling the first stop button 4 and the second stop button;

[0012] Step 3. When the red alarm prompt light of the alarm prompt module lights up and the actuator module in the ESD emergency shutdown system does not act, it can be judged that the ESD emergency shutdown system fails. At this time, the staff needs to manually press the first stop button and / or the second stop button on the console to perform manual parking and maintenance.

[0013] Further, normal operation means that the monitored pressure data is 0, the temperature data is 0, and the hydrogen concentration data is 0; the first-level fault means that the monitored pressure data is less than 70 MPa, the temperature data is less than 85 °C, and the hydrogen concentration data is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1%; the second-level fault means that the monitored pressure data exceeds 70 MPa, the temperature data exceeds 85 °C, and the hydrogen concentration data is greater than 0.1% and less than or equal to 4%; emergency shutdown means that the monitored pressure data continues to increase abnormally, the temperature data continues to increase abnormally, or the hydrogen concentration data is greater than 4%.

[0014] Preferably, the steps of the intelligent optimization algorithm are as follows:

[0015] S1. Classify all equipment in the hydrogen refueling station by English letters, and classify various action dimensions by digital numbers. Combine the equipment position numbers into a vector set x y =(a1, a2, … b1, …), and use the vector v i =(v a1 , v a2 , … v b1 , …) to represent the flight speed; initialize the parameters and randomly form an initial solution population;

[0016] S2. Let the objective function of the population be f(x)=(x - x b ) 2 , and the constraint conditions be δ < δ max , M pmin ≤M p ≤M pmax ; where x is the actual data, x b is the safety data, δ is the number of iterations, δ max is the maximum number of iterations, and M p is the overshoot;

[0017] S3. Find the local optimal solution: Denote the current local optimal solution state as S best (n)=(p a1 , p b2 , …, p xy ), and update the speed and position of the local current optimal solution through the first speed and position update model after each iteration to obtain the local optimal solution:

[0018] S4. Find the global optimal solution: Denote the current global optimal solution state as A best (n)=(p a1 , p b2 , …, p xy ), and update the speed and position of the global current optimal solution through the second speed and position update model after each iteration to obtain the global optimal solution:

[0019] S5. When the maximum number of iterations is not reached and the function value is within the safe data range, the iteration can be terminated. If at this time the local optimal solution and the global optimal solution have the same or extremely similar data but different actions, the global optimal solution is output; in other cases where the values are different, by comparing the differences between the local optimal solution and the global optimal solution and the safe data range, the one with the smaller difference is the output optimal solution; when the maximum number of iterations is reached, if the function values all have a certain difference from the safe data, the current global optimal solution is output.

[0020] Further,

[0021]

[0022] In the formula, v i is the first velocity; ω is the inertia coefficient; c1 is the velocity coefficient for adjusting the solution to move towards the current best position, and it is a non - negative constant; r1 is a mutually independent pseudo - random number uniformly distributed on [0, 1]; p xy is the local optimal solution position; x y is the local device position; n is the number of updates;

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, v Ai is the second velocity; c2 is the velocity coefficient for adjusting the solution to move towards the current global best position, and it is a non - negative constant; r2 is a mutually independent pseudo - random number uniformly distributed on [0, 1]; p Axy is the global optimal solution position; x Ay is the global device position.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] The present invention provides an automatic hydrogen leakage safety interlock protection system for a hydrogen refueling station, avoiding relying on manual judgment by staff and preventing problems such as major accidents. The present invention conducts safety protection against hydrogen leakage problems in the hydrogen refueling station, mainly including collecting data through devices such as sensors, and completing safety interlock protection through the combination of intelligent optimization algorithms and the ESD emergency shutdown system, with a faster reaction and achieving maximum protection. The safety interlock system of the present invention ensures the safety of the hydrogen refueling station, prevents misoperation by personnel, and provides guarantee for safe operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen leakage monitoring and protection work process for a hydrogen refueling station;

[0028] Figure 2 is the ESD interlock shutdown logic diagram;

[0029] Labels in the figure: 1. Hydrogen storage tank group, 11. Pressure gauge, 12. Temperature sensor, 13. Pressure reducing and temperature reducing valve, 2. Hydrogen transmission pipeline, 21. Hydrogen sensor, 22. Solenoid valve, 23. Exhaust fan, 3. Communication module, 4. First stop button, 5. Second stop button, 6. Monitoring module, 7. Alarm prompt module, 8. ESD emergency stop system, 81. Controller module, 82. Actuator module, 9. Storage module. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Currently, the hydrogen sources of the hydrogen refueling stations built at home and abroad are mainly provided by the transportation of long tube trailers, on-site self-provided water electrolysis hydrogen production, on-site pressure swing adsorption hydrogen purification and pipeline hydrogen transportation. After obtaining the hydrogen source, hydrogen is purified, compressed, metered and mixed, transported and stored in high-pressure storage tanks or gas cylinders, and finally refueled. Hydrogen refueling stations generally have a filling capacity of up to 35-70 MPa. However, during the working process, factors that may endanger the safety of the hydrogen refueling station and personnel and property are likely to occur, among which hydrogen leakage, diffusion and explosion are the main factors. The areas where hydrogen leakage is most likely to occur in the station mainly include the hydrogen pipelines in the hydrogen dispenser, the hydrogen storage device, the pipelines in the compressor room, etc. It can be seen that the hydrogen storage tanks and various pipeline interfaces are the key parts that need to be protected.

[0032] Briefly speaking, the working process of the hydrogen refueling station is hydrogen supply, compression, storage and refueling. Its main safety risks come from the leakage of hydrogen during storage, filling and refueling and the resulting fire and explosion. In the hydrogen transportation pipeline, hydrogen molecules are easy to react with metals, causing the pipeline to fail. The hydrogen-induced failure of the pipeline mainly includes four types: hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen-induced cracking, hydrogen blistering, decarburization and hydrogen corrosion, thus resulting in hydrogen leakage accidents. The areas where hydrogen leakage is likely to occur in the hydrogen refueling station mainly include the hydrogen pipelines in the hydrogen dispenser, the hydrogen storage device, the pipelines in the compressor room, etc. Therefore, the hydrogen storage tank group 1 and various pipelines are the key locations for hydrogen leakage. The safety interlock protection system of the present invention is: based on the monitoring module to monitor the status of the hydrogen storage tank group 1 and the pipeline, and then carry out interlock protection.

[0033] In view of the safety problem of hydrogen leakage in the hydrogen refueling station, the present invention proposes a hydrogen leakage safety interlock protection system for the hydrogen refueling station. The system is designed based on the ESD emergency stop system 8. The ESD emergency stop system 8 is independent of the working system of the hydrogen refueling station. Under normal circumstances, when an emergency (hydrogen leakage) occurs, the ESD emergency stop system 8 can quickly send out an interlock protection signal to interlock protect or emergency stop the equipment of the hydrogen refueling station to avoid the spread of danger and cause huge losses.

[0034] Such as Figure 1As shown in the figure, a hydrogen leakage safety interlock protection system for a hydrogen refueling station. On the hydrogen storage tank group 1, a pressure gauge 11, a temperature sensor 12, and a pressure reducing and temperature reducing valve 13 are provided. The pressure gauge 11 and the temperature sensor 12 are connected to the communication module 3, and the pressure reducing and temperature reducing valve 13 is connected to the ESD emergency shutdown system 8. The ESD emergency shutdown system 8 includes a controller module 81 and an actuator module 82 connected by signals. The hydrogen storage tank group 1 is connected to the hydrogen transmission pipeline 2, and the hydrogen transmission pipeline 2 is connected to a long tube trailer or a compressor for inputting hydrogen. A plurality of solenoid valves 22 and exhaust fans 23 are arranged in the hydrogen transmission pipeline 2. Both the solenoid valves 22 and the exhaust fans 23 are connected to the actuator module 82. A thin-film type hydrogen sensor 21 is attached to the outer side of the hydrogen transmission pipeline 2 to achieve full-range real-time monitoring. The hydrogen sensor 21 is connected to the communication module 3, and the communication module 3 is connected to the monitoring module 6, the alarm prompt module 7, and the storage module 9. The monitoring module 6, the alarm prompt module 7, and the storage module 9 are all connected to the controller module 81 of the ESD emergency shutdown system 8. The actuator module 82 of the ESD emergency shutdown system 8 is also connected to the first stop button 4 and the second stop button 5.

[0035] The solenoid valves 22 and the exhaust fans 23 are arranged at intervals. When the sensor and the monitoring module detect hydrogen leakage at a certain place, the bilateral solenoid valves in this section can be closed, and the exhaust fans are started to avoid accidents caused by hydrogen leakage. The staff can quickly locate the fault point and eliminate the fault while ensuring their own safety.

[0036] The communication module 3 is used to receive the pressure signal sent by the pressure gauge 11 and the temperature signal sent by the temperature sensor 12, obtain pressure data according to the pressure signal, obtain temperature data according to the temperature signal, and send signals to the monitoring module 6 and the alarm prompt module 7. The hydrogen sensor 21 is used to detect the hydrogen leakage concentration. The first stop button 4 and the second stop button 5 are parking devices or the last line of defense devices, and can also be used for manual parking.

[0037] Among them, the pressure gauge 11, the temperature sensor 12, the pressure reducing and temperature reducing valve 13, the first stop button 4, the communication module 3, the monitoring module 6, the alarm prompt module 7, the storage module 9, and the ESD emergency shutdown system 8 form an interlock protection system for the hydrogen storage tank group 1 to interlock and protect the hydrogen storage tank group 1. The hydrogen sensor 21, the solenoid valves 22, the exhaust fans 23, the second stop button 5, the communication module 3, the monitoring module 6, the alarm prompt module 7, the storage module 9, and the ESD emergency shutdown system 8 form a pipeline interlock protection system to interlock and protect the pipeline 2.

[0038] As Figure 2 shown, a control method for a hydrogen leakage safety interlock protection system of a hydrogen refueling station, the steps are as follows:

[0039] Step 1. The real-time monitored data is transmitted to the monitoring module 6 through the communication module 3;

[0040] The hydrogen sensor 21, pressure gauge 11, and temperature sensor 12 conduct all-round real-time monitoring. The communication module 3 converts the hydrogen concentration data, pressure data, and temperature data real-time monitored by the real-time hydrogen sensor 21, pressure gauge 11, and temperature sensor 12 into electrical signals, and transmits the real-time monitored hydrogen concentration data, pressure data, and temperature and humidity data to the monitoring module 6 and the alarm prompt module 7 through cables; the monitoring module 6 displays the hydrogen concentration data, pressure data, and temperature data, and the storage module 9 stores the data.

[0041] Step 2. The monitoring module 6 transmits the real-time monitored data to the controller module 81 of the ESD emergency shutdown system 8. The controller module 81 classifies the data situation into normal operation, first-level fault, second-level fault, and emergency shutdown according to the data situation; when in normal operation, the actuator module 82 only stores data through the storage module 9; when in first-level fault, the actuator module 82 stores data through the storage module 9, the alarm prompt module 7 issues an alarm signal, and calculates the action of the actuator module 82 through an intelligent optimization algorithm; when in second-level fault, the actuator module 82 stores data through the storage module 9, the alarm prompt module 7 issues an alarm signal, and controls the pressure-reducing and temperature-reducing valve 13 to reduce the pressure and temperature of the hydrogen storage tank group 1; when in emergency shutdown, the actuator module 82 stores data through the storage module 9 and stops the hydrogen storage tank group 1 or the pipeline by controlling the first stop button 4 and the second stop button 5.

[0042] As Figure 2 shown, the data situation is:

[0043] Normal operation: The monitored pressure data is 0, the temperature data is 0, and the hydrogen concentration data is 0;

[0044] First-level fault: When the monitored pressure data is less than 70 MPa, the temperature data is less than 85 °C, and the hydrogen concentration data is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1%;

[0045] Second-level fault: When the monitored pressure data exceeds 70 MPa, the temperature data exceeds 85 °C, and the hydrogen concentration data is greater than 0.1% and less than or equal to 4%;

[0046] Emergency shutdown: When the monitored pressure data continues to increase abnormally, the temperature data continues to increase abnormally, or the hydrogen concentration data is greater than 4%. Due to the specific situation of each hydrogen station being different, the continuous abnormal increase is specifically set according to the experience of the hydrogen station staff.

[0047] Specifically:

[0048] When the monitored pressure data is 0, the temperature data is 0, and the hydrogen concentration data is 0, the controller module 81 of the ESD emergency shutdown system 8 only stores the current data through the storage module 9, and the actuator module 82 does not act;

[0049] When the monitored pressure data is less than 70 MPa, the temperature data is less than 85 °C, and the hydrogen concentration data is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1%, the controller module 81 of the ESD emergency shutdown system 8 stores the current data through the storage module 9, calculates whether the actuator module 82 should act on the equipment through the intelligent optimization algorithm, and at the same time the alarm prompt module 7 issues an alarm signal, and the alarm prompt light turns yellow. After the monitoring module 6 shows the fault point, the actuator module 82 performs the next action through the instruction, controls the corresponding exhaust fan 23 and solenoid valve 22 to start, the staff turns off the alarm prompt light, and checks and troubleshoots the fault through the fault point shown by the monitoring module 6;

[0050] When the monitored pressure data exceeds 70 MPa, the temperature data exceeds 85 °C, and the hydrogen concentration data is greater than 0.1% and less than or equal to 4%, the alarm prompt module 7 issues an alarm signal, and the alarm prompt light turns red. The emergency stop operation is judged through the fault point shown by the monitoring module 6. The controller module 81 of the ESD emergency shutdown system 8 transmits the action signal to the actuator module 82, and the actuator module 82 can respectively control the pressure reducing and temperature reducing valve 13 to act, reduce the hydrogen pressure in the tank, and spray cooling water in the valve body or behind the valve to reduce the hydrogen temperature, keeping the hydrogen pressure below 70 MPa and the temperature below 85 °C;

[0051] When the monitored pressure data continues to increase abnormally, the temperature data continues to increase abnormally, or the hydrogen concentration data is greater than 4%, the actuator module 82 of the ESD emergency shutdown system 8 controls the exhaust fan 23 and the solenoid valve 22 to start. At the same time, the ESD emergency shutdown system 8 stops the hydrogen storage tank group 1 or the pipeline through the first stop button 4 and the second stop button 5. The staff turns off the alarm prompt light and performs maintenance and troubleshooting on the premise of ensuring personal safety through the data and fault points shown by the monitoring module 6 to ensure safety.

[0052] The main calculation process of the intelligent optimization algorithm of the ESD emergency shutdown system 8 is as follows, as Figure 2 shown:

[0053] S1. Classify all equipment in the hydrogen refueling station (including but not limited to the hydrogen storage tank group 1, hydrogen transmission pipeline 2, pressure gauge 11, temperature sensor 12, pressure reducing and temperature reducing valve 13, solenoid valve 22, exhaust fan 23, alarm prompt module 7, controller module 81, actuator module 82) according to the English letters, and classify various action dimensions (such as on, off, pause, etc.) according to the digital numbers. That is, the opening action of equipment i can be i1. The equipment position numbers are grouped into a vector set x y =(a1, a2,... b1,...). Use another vector v i =(v a1 , v a2 ,... vb1 , …) represents the flight speed. If an abnormal situation occurs in the station, the algorithm first initializes the scale of the accident-related vector, the maximum moving speed, the moving direction, the safety data range, the number of iterative calculations, the device action status, the acceleration coefficients c1 and c2, and the inertia coefficient ω, and randomly generates an initial solution population, where both the acceleration coefficient and the inertia coefficient should take values between 1 and 4.

[0054] S2. Let the objective function of the population be f(x) = (x - x b ) 2 , and the constraint conditions be δ < δ max , M pmin ≤M p ≤M pmax ;

[0055] Among them, x is the actual data, x b is the safety data, δ is the number of iterations, δ max is the maximum number of iterations, M p is the overshoot. Considering the actual production operation requirements, the overshoot should be within the safe range.

[0056] Substitute the accident-related equipment data into the objective function to calculate the function value. Since this system is for a fast and accurate response to the occurrence of an accident, the function value being within the safe operation data range is the goal.

[0057] S3. Search for the local optimal solution: Denote the current local optimal solution state as S best (n) = (p a1 , p b2 , …, p xy ), and update the speed and position of the local current optimal solution through the first speed and position update model after each iteration:

[0058]

[0059] In the formula, v i is the first speed; ω is the inertia coefficient; c1 is the speed coefficient for adjusting the solution to the current best position, and it is a non-negative constant; r1 is a mutually independent pseudo-random number obeying the uniform distribution on [0, 1]; p xy is the local optimal solution position; x y is the local equipment position.

[0060] S4. Search for the global optimal solution: Denote the current global optimal solution state as A best (n) = (p a1 , p b2 , …, p xy ), and update the speed and position of the global current optimal solution through the second speed and position update model after each iteration:

[0061]

[0062] In the formula, v Ai is the second speed; c2 is the speed coefficient for adjusting the solution to the current global best position, which is a non-negative constant; r2 is a mutually independent pseudo-random number that obeys a uniform distribution on [0,1]; p Axy is the global optimal solution position; x Ay is the global device location.

[0063] S5. Algorithm termination condition: When the maximum number of iterations is not reached, the function value is in the safe data range, and the iteration can be terminated. If the local optimal solution and the global optimal solution are the same or extremely similar in data but the actions are different, the global optimal solution is output. In other cases where the values ​​are different, the safest optimal solution can be output by comparing the difference between the local solution and the global solution and the safe data range. When the maximum number of iterations is reached, if the function values ​​have a certain difference from the safe data, the current global optimal solution is output.

[0064] Step 3. When the alarm prompt light of the alarm prompt module 7 lights up and the actuator module 82 in the ESD emergency parking system 8 does not work, it can be determined that the ESD emergency parking system 8 is faulty. At this time, the staff needs to manually press the first stop button 4 and / or the second stop button 5 on the operating console, and perform manual parking and maintenance through the data and fault point shown in the monitoring module 6.

[0065] The safety interlock protection system of the present invention adopts an ESD emergency stop system 8. When the equipment operates normally, the ESD system is in a static state, and only the real-time monitoring module 6 and the storage module 9 are operated. When hydrogen leakage occurs, an alarm signal is issued. In serious cases, the interlock is operated, and finally the equipment is stopped to avoid accidents.

[0066] The working process of the safety interlock protection system is mainly monitoring, starting, alarming, interlocking, and stopping. When hydrogen leakage occurs, the safety interlock protection system can be linked with the mechanical device to protect the hydrogen storage tank group 1 and the pipeline for transporting hydrogen. This design can eliminate potential accidents in time, minimize the consequences of accidents, reduce the burden on staff, and avoid major accidents.

[0067] The present invention can form a systematic and automated protection for the internal equipment of the hydrogen filling station based on the monitoring data of the internal equipment, and can realize the fastest and most accurate fault detection and final fault elimination, thereby ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment to the greatest extent. The ESD emergency parking system 8 optimized by intelligent algorithm has a rapid response. When the monitoring data is normal, it is in a static state; when the monitoring data is abnormal, a protection action occurs.

Claims

1. A hydrogen leakage safety interlock protection system for a hydrogen refueling station, characterized in that: The system is provided with a pressure gauge (11), a temperature sensor (12) and a pressure-reducing and temperature-reducing valve (13) on the hydrogen storage tank group (1). The pressure gauge (11) and the temperature sensor (12) are connected to the communication module (3), and the pressure-reducing and temperature-reducing valve (13) is connected to the ESD emergency shutdown system (8). The ESD emergency shutdown system (8) includes a controller module (81) and an actuator module (82) connected by signals; the hydrogen storage tank group (1) is connected to the hydrogen transmission pipeline (2), and the hydrogen transmission pipeline (2) is connected to a long tube trailer or a compressor for inputting hydrogen. A plurality of solenoid valves (22) and exhaust fans (23) are arranged in the hydrogen transmission pipeline (2), and both the solenoid valves (22) and the exhaust fans (23) are connected to the actuator module (82); a hydrogen sensor (21) is attached to the outside of the hydrogen transmission pipeline (2); the hydrogen sensor (21) is connected to the communication module (3), and the communication module (3) is connected to the monitoring module (6), the alarm prompt module (7) and the storage module (9). The monitoring module (6), the alarm prompt module (7) and the storage module (9) are all connected to the controller module (81) of the ESD emergency shutdown system (8); the actuator module (82) of the ESD emergency shutdown system (8) is also connected to the first stop button (4) and the second stop button (5).

2. The hydrogen leakage safety interlock protection system for a hydrogen refueling station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen sensor (21) is a thin-film sensor.

3. The hydrogen leakage safety interlock protection system for a hydrogen refueling station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solenoid valves (22) and the exhaust fans (23) are arranged at intervals.

4. A control method for a hydrogen leakage safety interlock protection system of a hydrogen refueling station as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The steps are as follows: Step 1. The hydrogen sensor (21), the pressure gauge (11) and the temperature sensor (12) conduct full-range real-time monitoring, and the real-time monitored data is transmitted to the monitoring module (6) through the communication module (3); Step 2. The monitoring module (6) transmits the real-time monitored data to the controller module (81) of the ESD emergency shutdown system (8). The controller module (81) determines according to the data situation, and the data situation is classified into normal operation, first-level fault, second-level fault and emergency shutdown according to levels; when in normal operation, the actuator module (82) only stores data through the storage module (9); when in first-level fault, the actuator module (82) stores data through the storage module (9), the alarm prompt module (7) issues an alarm signal, and calculates the action of the actuator module (82) through an intelligent optimization algorithm; when in second-level fault, the actuator module (82) stores data through the storage module (9), the alarm prompt module (7) issues an alarm signal, and controls the pressure-reducing and temperature-reducing valve (13) to reduce the pressure and temperature of the hydrogen storage tank group (1); when in emergency shutdown, the actuator module (82) stores data through the storage module (9) and stops the hydrogen storage tank group (1) or the pipeline by controlling the first stop button 4 and the second stop button (5); Step 3. When the red alarm prompt light of the alarm prompt module (7) is on and the actuator module (82) in the ESD emergency shutdown system (8) does not act, it can be judged that the ESD emergency shutdown system (8) fails. At this time, the staff needs to manually press the first stop button (4) and / or the second stop button (5) on the console to perform manual parking and maintenance.

5. The control method of the hydrogen leakage safety interlock protection system for a hydrogen refueling station according to claim 4, characterized in that: Normal operation means that the monitored pressure data is 0 MPa, the temperature data is 0 °C, and the hydrogen concentration data is 0%; Level 1 failure means when the monitored pressure data is less than 70 MPa, the temperature data is less than 85 °C, and the hydrogen concentration data is greater than 0% and less than or equal to 0.1%; Level 2 failure means when the monitored pressure data exceeds 70 MPa, the temperature data exceeds 85 °C, and the hydrogen concentration data is greater than 0.1% and less than or equal to 4%; Emergency shutdown means when the monitored pressure data continuously increases abnormally, the temperature data continuously increases abnormally, or the hydrogen concentration data is greater than 4%.

6. The control method of the hydrogen leakage safety interlock protection system for a hydrogen refueling station according to claim 4, characterized in that: The steps of the intelligent optimization algorithm are as follows: S1. Classify all the equipment in the hydrogen refueling station by English letters, classify various action dimensions by numerical numbers, and form a vector set x of equipment location numbers y =(a1,a2,…b1,…), and use the vector v i =(v a1 ,v a2 ,…v b1 ,…) to represent the flight speed; Initialize the parameters and randomly form an initial solution population; S2. Let the objective function of the population be \(f(x)=(x - x b ) 2 , and the constraint conditions be \(\delta\lt\delta max , M pmin \leq M p \leq M pmax ; where \(x\) is the actual data, \(x b \) is the safe data, \(\delta\) is the number of iterations, \(\delta max \) is the maximum number of iterations, and \(M p \) is the overshoot; S3. Search for the local optimal solution: Denote the current local optimal solution state as S best (n) = (p a1 , p b2 , …, p xy ), and after each iteration, update the velocity and position of the local current optimal solution through the first velocity and position update model to obtain the local optimal solution: S4. Search for the global optimal solution: Denote the current global optimal solution state as A best (n) = (p a1 , p b2 , …, p xy ), and after each iteration, update the speed and position of the global current optimal solution through the second speed and position update model to obtain the global optimal solution: S5. When the maximum number of iterations is not reached and the function value is within the safe data range, the iteration can be terminated. If at this time the local optimal solution and the global optimal solution have the same or extremely similar data but different actions, the global optimal solution is output; in other cases where the values are different, by comparing the differences between the local optimal solution and the global optimal solution and the safe data range, the one with the smaller difference is the output optimal solution; when the maximum number of iterations is reached, if the function values all have a certain difference from the safe data, the current global optimal solution is output.

7. The control method of the hydrogen leakage safety interlock protection system for a hydrogen refueling station according to claim 6, characterized in that: First speed and position update model: where v i is the first speed; ω is the inertia coefficient; c1 is the speed coefficient for adjusting the solution to the current best position, which is a non - negative constant; r1 is an independent pseudo - random number uniformly distributed on [0, 1]; p xy is the local optimal solution position; x y is the local device position; n is the number of updates; Second speed and position update model: where v Ai is the second speed; c2 is the speed coefficient for adjusting the solution to the current global best position and is a non - negative constant; r2 is an independent pseudo - random number uniformly distributed on [0, 1]; p Axy is the global optimal solution position; x Ay is the global device position.

Images