A horizontal well bi-directional shaping tool and method of use

Abstract

The application discloses a horizontal well bidirectional shaping tool and a use method thereof, and relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation, and specifically relates to a horizontal well bidirectional shaping tool and a use method thereof.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas field production technology, specifically to the repair process of casing deformation wells, and in particular to a two-way shaping tool for horizontal wells and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] During oilfield development, downhole casing deformation is increasingly common due to factors such as ground stress, casing quality, development model, and service life. Casing deformation affects subsequent repair measures. Current methods for addressing this issue include mechanical expansion repair, drilling and milling repair, and hydraulic reshaping repair. Mechanical expansion repair has a long construction cycle and low success rate, drilling and milling repair of damaged casing, and hydraulic reshaping repair has a short cycle and high success rate. However, the following problems have been observed during hydraulic reshaping: In directional and horizontal wells, re-deformation of the reshaping section can cause the reshaping tool to become stuck, resulting in a low success rate for retrieval via wellhead lifting due to wellbore trajectory limitations; secondly, the lack of monitoring methods for reshaping footage during hydraulic reshaping leads to blindly increasing reshaping pressure, reducing casing lifespan, and frequent wellhead disassembly and reassembly, increasing labor intensity and lengthening the reshaping cycle. Therefore, designing a reshaping device with measurable progress and bidirectional reshaping of the deformed casing section to prevent re-deformation and stuck pipe is essential.

[0003] Publication (Announcement) No.: CN112377135A, Publication (Announcement) Date: 2021-02-19 discloses a hydraulic reducing ball bearing shaper for oil well casing, including a hydraulic anchoring device, a hydraulic power unit, and a shaping head device. The lower end of the hydraulic anchoring device is threadedly connected to the upper end of the hydraulic power unit, and the lower end of the hydraulic power unit is threadedly connected to the upper end of the shaping head device. When the hydraulic anchoring device anchors the shaper, the toothed upper and lower slip groups simultaneously expand radially outward to achieve double anchoring, resulting in good anchoring performance. The hydraulic power unit consists of five hydraulic cylinders connected in series, providing sufficient driving force to the piston rod. During shaping, the shaping head device injects hydraulic oil into the feed main oil circuit of the piston rod. The piston rod moves downward and drives the conical main core to slide downward relative to the conical outer sleeve, causing the balls to protrude from the conical outer sleeve, rolling the casing at the reduced diameter or deformed area to complete the shaping operation. Compared with traditional surface contact shaping, the point contact shaping method has a better shaping effect and is less likely to damage the casing.

[0004] Publication (Announcement) No.: CN111622702A, Publication (Announcement) Date: 2020-09-4 discloses a hydraulic reciprocating rotary ball double-acting sleeve shaper, comprising an anchoring device, a hydraulic reciprocating system, and a shaper connected in sequence; the anchoring device includes an anchoring wedge, and an anchoring central tube is disposed inside the anchoring wedge. The anchoring central tube is connected to a hydraulic pipe connected to the ground and is used to push the anchoring wedge forward; the hydraulic reciprocating system includes hydraulic pipelines. Hydraulic lines 1, 2, and 3 are used to achieve the casing reshaping and repair function. The advantages are: the casing can be repeatedly repaired in different positions with a single well run; sufficient power; the ability to repair heavily deformed casing; and low production cost. The upper end of hydraulic line 1 connects to the surface-accessed hydraulic line 1, and the lower end connects to the oil outlet. The upper end of hydraulic line 2 connects to the surface-accessed hydraulic line 2, and the lower end connects to the limiting sleeve via a cross-shaped fixing joint. The lower end of hydraulic line 3 connects to the surface-accessed hydraulic line 3, and the lower end connects to one end of the upper connector of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0005] Publication (Announcement) No.: CN207332798U, Publication (Announcement) Date: 2018-05-08 discloses a sleeve-shaped lifting and releasing pressure relief and drainage device, including a pressure relief and drainage liquid cylinder and a balance liquid cylinder connected from top to bottom. The pressure relief and drainage liquid cylinder includes a central shaft, a sliding connecting sleeve, and a sliding connecting shaft. The sliding connecting shaft is assembled inside the sliding connecting sleeve. The upper end of the central shaft is connected to the lower half of the sliding connecting shaft. A pressure relief and drainage pressure chamber is formed between the inner wall of the sliding connecting sleeve and the outer wall of the central shaft. A pressure relief and drainage chamber is formed between the outer wall of the upper half of the sliding connecting shaft and the inner wall of the sliding connecting sleeve. The sliding connecting sleeve has a radial pressure relief and drainage port for connecting the pressure relief and drainage chamber. The pressure relief and drainage port is opened and sealed by the outer wall of the lower half of the sliding connecting shaft. The central shaft has a radial central shaft inlet, which connects the inner cavity of the central shaft with the pressure relief and drainage pressure chamber. This solves the problem of poor pressure relief and anchor release for hydraulic anchors when the fluid level inside the wellbore is low during casing shaping construction.

[0006] Publication (Announcement) No.: CN113622854A, Publication (Announcement) Date: 2021-11-09 discloses a one-way hydraulic automatic reciprocating oil well casing shaper. It relates to the field of oilfield drilling tool technology. The upper part of the main body is equipped with a hydraulic tubing anchor, and the top of the main body is equipped with an upper connector. The lower part of the central hole of the upper connector is a reversing chamber, which is equipped with a sliding reversing valve. The lower part of the sliding reversing valve is equipped with a valve core, and the lower part of the valve core is connected to piston A. The lower part of piston A is fixedly connected to a shaping pusher. It has the following beneficial effects: By setting a sliding reversing valve, the piston and the shaping pusher reciprocate. The pushing and anchoring actions of the shaping pusher are carried out simultaneously. When the piston retracts, the anchoring is released. The shaper moves forward in the casing by anchoring and pushing itself, and then releasing the anchoring. The shaper moves forward repeatedly until the casing is shaped. The well cleaning efficiency is high and the effect is good. At the same time, multiple auxiliary pistons are set in series to increase the area of ​​action of the pressure fluid and increase the thrust of the shaping pusher to meet the shaping thrust of various deformed casings.

[0007] None of the above casing shaping tools have a progress detection mechanism, therefore the shaping progress cannot be determined. The patents "A Hydraulic Reciprocating Rotary Ball Dual-Action Casing Shaper" and "A One-Way Hydraulic Automatic Reciprocating Oil Well Casing Shaper" are bidirectional shaping devices, but they have a problem where the reverse force is insufficient to pull out the shaping head when it gets stuck in the casing transition section. To improve shaping success rate, reduce construction costs, and reduce or avoid shaping accidents, it is necessary to design a shaping device with measurable progress that performs bidirectional shaping of the casing transition section and prevents the shaping head from getting stuck.

[0008] The technical solutions, technical problems to be solved, and beneficial effects of the above-disclosed technologies are all different from those of the present invention. For more technical features, technical problems to be solved, and beneficial effects of the present invention, the above-disclosed technical documents do not provide any technical inspiration. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the aforementioned deficiencies in existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a horizontal well bidirectional shaping tool and its usage method. This tool increases shaping tonnage and improves shaping efficiency through a multi-stage piston combination; avoids damage to the casing and long construction cycles caused by blindly increasing pressure by setting up a process self-monitoring mechanism; and improves shaping efficiency through a reverse force-boosting shaping mechanism to prevent major repair accidents caused by the shaping head getting stuck under complex well conditions.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] A two-way shaping tool for horizontal wells includes a hydraulic propulsion mechanism and a shaping head; the lower end of the hydraulic propulsion mechanism is connected to the shaping head via a push rod.

[0012] It also includes a process self-testing mechanism;

[0013] The hydraulic propulsion mechanism includes a first-stage piston mechanism, an intermediate piston mechanism, and a last-stage piston mechanism arranged sequentially from top to bottom; at least one intermediate piston mechanism is provided.

[0014] The process self-testing mechanism is located at the lower part of the first-stage piston mechanism; the process self-testing mechanism is a touch switch, that is, when the first-stage piston mechanism descends to the dead point and touches the process self-testing mechanism, it opens the pressure relief channel to release pressure outward, and the internal pressure of the hydraulic propulsion mechanism will instantly lose pressure. The ground receives the pressure loss signal, stops the pressure, and the forward shaping process ends.

[0015] It also includes a reverse force-amplifying shaping mechanism;

[0016] The reverse force-amplifying and shaping mechanism is connected to the lower part of the last-stage piston mechanism.

[0017] The first-stage piston mechanism includes a first-stage piston, a first-stage piston sleeve, and a piston return spring;

[0018] The first-stage piston sleeve is fitted outside the first-stage piston, the inside of the first-stage piston is the first-stage internal pressure channel, the outside of the first-stage piston forms the first-stage piston cavity, and the piston return spring is installed inside the first-stage piston cavity;

[0019] The upper end face of the first-stage piston is the pressure-pressing surface, which is connected to the pressure-pressing channel inside the first stage.

[0020] The intermediate piston mechanism includes an intermediate piston sleeve and an intermediate piston;

[0021] The intermediate piston sleeve is fitted outside the intermediate piston, the interior of the intermediate piston is the intermediate internal pressure channel, and the exterior of the intermediate piston forms the intermediate piston cavity.

[0022] The upper end face of the intermediate piston is a pressure surface, which is connected to the intermediate inner pressure channel, and the intermediate inner pressure channel is connected to the first-stage inner pressure channel; the lower part of the intermediate piston sleeve has a lateral hole for the intermediate piston sleeve, so that the oil sleeve annulus is connected to the intermediate piston cavity.

[0023] The process self-testing mechanism includes a pressure relief rod, a pressure relief spring, and a pressure relief body;

[0024] The upper end of the pressure relief body is connected to the first-stage piston sleeve, and the lower end is connected to the middle piston sleeve. The inner wall of the pressure relief body slides and seals with the outer wall of the first-stage piston.

[0025] The pressure relief body has a pressure relief internal channel and a pressure relief hole that are connected in both directions; the pressure relief body also has a pressure relief spring cavity and a pressure relief body chamber. The upper end of the pressure relief internal channel is connected to the pressure relief spring cavity, the lower end of the pressure relief internal channel is connected to the pressure relief body chamber, and the lower part of the pressure relief body chamber is connected to the upper end face of the intermediate piston.

[0026] The middle section of the pressure relief rod is a rod column, which passes through the internal channel of the pressure relief body. The diameter of the rod column is smaller than the inner diameter of the internal channel of the pressure relief body. A rod contact head is provided at the upper end of the rod column, and a plug head is provided at the lower end of the rod column. A sealing ring is provided on the outer wall of the plug head to slide and seal with the internal channel of the pressure relief body.

[0027] The upper end of the pressure relief spring abuts against the lower end face of the rod contact head, and the lower end of the pressure relief spring abuts against the bottom surface of the pressure relief spring cavity.

[0028] The upper end of the outer wall of the first-stage piston is provided with a large-diameter step and a small-diameter step. The inner wall of the first-stage piston sleeve has a spring base. The upper end of the piston return spring abuts against the large-diameter step, and the lower end abuts against the spring base. The small-diameter step corresponds to the rod contact head of the pressure relief rod below.

[0029] The last-stage piston mechanism includes a last-stage piston sleeve and a last-stage piston;

[0030] The last stage piston sleeve is fitted onto the outside of the last stage piston, the inside of the last stage piston is the last stage internal pressure channel, and the outside of the last stage piston forms the last stage piston chamber.

[0031] The upper end face of the last stage piston is a pressure surface, which is connected to the inner pressure channel of the last stage. The inner pressure channel of the last stage is connected to the middle inner pressure channel. The lower part of the last stage piston sleeve has a lateral hole for the last stage piston sleeve, so that the oil sleeve annulus is connected to the last stage piston cavity.

[0032] The upper end of the last stage piston is fixedly connected to the intermediate piston, the lower end of the last stage piston is connected to the push rod, and the upper end of the last stage piston sleeve is fixedly connected to the intermediate piston sleeve.

[0033] The reverse force-increasing shaping mechanism includes a leather cup protective cover, a sliding sleeve, a leather cup sealing mechanism, and a compression rubber cylinder;

[0034] The sliding sleeve is fitted outside the last stage piston, and the inner wall of the sliding sleeve and the outer wall of the last stage piston are in sliding seal. The outer wall of the sliding sleeve is fitted with a cup-type sealing mechanism and a compression rubber tube. The upper end of the compression rubber tube contacts the bottom end of the cup-type sealing mechanism, and the lower end of the compression rubber tube is limited on the limiting platform at the bottom of the sliding sleeve, i.e., the rubber tube support.

[0035] The upper end of the leather cup protective cover is connected and fixed to the last stage piston sleeve. The leather cup protective cover can cover the upper end of the leather cup of the leather cup sealing mechanism, so that the leather cup is in a retracted state. The leather cup protective cover is connected and fixed to the sliding sleeve through the sliding sleeve pin.

[0036] The upper ends of the inner wall of the last stage piston sleeve and the outer wall of the sliding sleeve are respectively provided with matching limiting protrusions to prevent the sliding sleeve from moving downward.

[0037] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0038] A method for using a horizontal well bidirectional shaping tool includes the following steps:

[0039] 1) Perform forward shaping on the casing:

[0040] The horizontal well bidirectional shaping tool is installed at the bottom of the downhole tubing string. Pressure is applied to the tubing string from the surface, and then hydraulic pressure is applied to the shaping device. The hydraulic pressure acts on the upper end face of each piston. Since the piston chamber is connected to the annulus of the casing through the lateral hole, a pressure difference is formed between the upper end face of the piston and the piston chamber. When the pressure difference is greater than the friction between the shaping head and the casing, the pistons at each stage will be pushed down, pushing the push rod to make the shaping head go down, thus completing the casing enlargement repair.

[0041] 2) Process self-test:

[0042] During the forward pressurization process that drives the forming head downwards, when the lower end face of the small step on the upper part of the first-stage piston contacts the pressure relief rod, it compresses the pressure relief rod. The pressure relief rod descends and enters the pressure relief chamber through the plug of the sealing section of the pressure relief body's internal channel. The pressurized fluid inside the tool is released into the annulus through the upper end face of the uppermost middle piston, the pressure relief chamber, the pressure relief internal channel, and the pressure relief hole. The wellhead pressure suddenly drops, indicating that the first-stage piston has reached its lowest point. At this time, pressurization at the surface wellhead stops. Under the action of the piston return spring, the first-stage piston moves upwards and separates from the pressure relief rod. Under the action of the pressure relief spring, the pressure relief rod moves upwards to seal the pressure relief channel of the pressure relief body. The forward forming stroke of the casing ends.

[0043] 3) Reverse force-increasing shaping of the casing:

[0044] During the forward forming of the sleeve, when the lower end face of the large-diameter portion of the outer wall of the last-stage piston descends to the upper end face of the sliding sleeve, it squeezes the sliding sleeve and shears the sliding sleeve pin. The last-stage piston pushes the sliding sleeve downward until the outer protrusion of the sliding sleeve contacts the inner protrusion of the last-stage piston sleeve. The cup-type sealing mechanism will detach from the cup-type protective cover and expand elastically, sealing the annulus. Hydraulic pressure is applied from the annulus. Since the cup-type sealing mechanism is sealing the annulus at this time, as the hydraulic pressure increases, the cup-type sealing mechanism pushes the compression rubber sleeve downward. Because there is a rubber sleeve support at the bottom of the compression rubber sleeve, the compression rubber sleeve is compressed and opens to seal the annulus. The liquid injected into the annulus enters the piston chamber through the side holes of each piston sleeve at the top of the cup-type sealing mechanism, pushing each stage of piston upward, thereby causing the forming expansion head to rise and forming the sleeve. This achieves reverse force-increasing diameter forming of the sleeve section.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0046] Technical Features: This invention employs a multi-stage piston series connection to significantly increase the forming force, solving the problem of low forming success rate in severe casing deformation sections. This invention can achieve bidirectional casing forming without moving the wellhead construction equipment, greatly improving the efficiency of casing forming. A reverse force-boosting forming mechanism is incorporated to solve the problem of major repair accidents caused by the forming head getting stuck during forward forming in directional and horizontal wells, preventing unblocking via surface equipment. A progress self-monitoring mechanism is included to solve the problem of long construction cycles caused by repeated disassembly and reassembly of wellhead equipment due to the inability to detect forming progress during the forming process, as well as the consequences of blindly increasing pressure and exacerbating casing damage. A conical forming head with a 9-degree slope, minimizing travel resistance, is used to reduce forming construction pressure and avoid high-pressure construction that could damage the casing and pose risks to personnel and equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a horizontal well bidirectional shaping tool according to the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process self-testing mechanism.

[0049] In the diagram, 1 is the upper connector, 2 is the first-stage piston, 3 is the first-stage piston sleeve, 4 is the first-stage piston chamber, 5 is the piston return spring, 6 is the pressure relief spring, 7 is the pressure relief rod, 8 is the pressure relief hole, 9 is the internal channel of the pressure relief body, 10 is the pressure relief body, 11 is the pressure relief body chamber, 12 is the intermediate piston sealing ring, 13 is the intermediate piston sleeve, 14 is the intermediate piston, 15 is the intermediate piston chamber, 16 is the side hole of the intermediate piston sleeve, 17 is the last-stage piston sealing ring, 18 is the last-stage piston sleeve, 19 is the last-stage piston chamber, 20 is the last-stage piston, 21 is the outer protrusion of the sliding sleeve, 22 is the inner protrusion of the last-stage piston sleeve, 23 is the side hole of the last-stage piston sleeve, 24 is the leather cup protective cover, 25 is the piston sleeve stabilizing pin, 26 is the sliding sleeve pin, 27 is the leather cup, 28 is the leather cup bracket, 29 is the compression rubber sleeve, 30 is the steel spacer ring, 31 is the sliding sleeve, 32 is the rubber sleeve bracket, 33 is the push rod, and 34 is the shaping expansion head. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] Example 1:

[0052] according to Figures 1 to 2As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a horizontal well bidirectional shaping tool, including a hydraulic propulsion mechanism, a progress self-testing mechanism, a reverse force-boosting shaping mechanism, and a shaping head; the uppermost part of the device is an upper connector 1, which is connected to a first-stage piston sleeve 3; the hydraulic propulsion mechanism consists of multi-stage pistons and piston sleeves, the multi-stage pistons consist of a first-stage piston 2, intermediate pistons and a last-stage piston 20, the intermediate pistons being one to five stages of pistons with the same structure; the lower end of the first-stage piston sleeve 3 is connected to a pressure relief body 10, and the upper end of the intermediate piston sleeve 13 (second-stage piston sleeve) is connected to the pressure relief body 10; the intermediate piston sleeves are connected by threaded connections. The process self-testing mechanism is located at the lower end of the first-stage piston chamber and consists of a pressure relief rod 7, a pressure relief spring 6, a pressure relief hole 8, and a pressure relief body 10. The reverse force-increasing shaping mechanism consists of a leather cup protective cover 24, a sliding sleeve 31, a leather cup 27, a leather cup support 28, a compression rubber sleeve 29, and a rubber sleeve support 32. The last-stage piston sleeve 18 is connected to the leather cup protective cover 24. The sliding sleeve 31 is located outside the last-stage piston 20 and inside the last-stage piston sleeve 18. The sliding sleeve 31 can move up and down relative to the last-stage piston 20, and there is a sliding seal between them. The leather cup sealing mechanism, the compression rubber sleeve 29, and the rubber sleeve support 32 are installed on the sliding sleeve. The last-stage piston 20 is connected to the shaping expansion head 34 through a push rod 33.

[0053] Furthermore, a sealing ring is installed inside the upper connector 1, and the upper connector 1 is connected to the first-stage piston sleeve 3 by a threaded connection;

[0054] Furthermore, the first-stage piston 2, the intermediate piston 14, and the last-stage piston 20 all have different structures; each stage piston is a hollow cylinder with an unequal outer diameter, the upper half of which has a larger outer diameter and the lower half of which has a smaller outer diameter, and the lower half of each piston forms a piston cavity with the corresponding piston sleeve.

[0055] Furthermore, the first-stage piston 2 is a three-stage cylinder with different diameters, the intermediate piston 14 and the last-stage piston 20 are two-stage cylinders with different diameters, and a piston return spring 5 is provided in the first-stage piston cavity 4; except for the first-stage piston sleeve, the other piston sleeves are provided with lateral holes along the circumference near the lower end.

[0056] Furthermore, piston sleeve retaining pins are installed at the joints of each piston sleeve, and sealing rubber rings are installed on each piston.

[0057] Furthermore, the last stage piston sleeve 18 is threadedly connected to the leather cup protective cover 24, and the last stage piston sleeve 18 has a cylindrical sliding sleeve inner protrusion 22 with a thickness of 10cm above the lower end lateral hole 23.

[0058] Furthermore, the sliding sleeve 31 is connected to the leather cup protective cover 24 by a sliding sleeve pin 26;

[0059] Furthermore, the uppermost part of the sliding sleeve 31 is a circular protrusion with a thickness of 10cm; the sliding sleeve pin 26 consists of two symmetrically arranged pins with a diameter of 10mm.

[0060] Furthermore, the pressure relief rod 7 is composed of two cylinders of unequal diameters, wherein the cylinder with a smaller diameter is fitted with a pressure relief spring 6, and the cylinder with a larger diameter is provided with a sealing ring and sealed with the internal channel 9 of the pressure relief body. The pressure relief body 10 has a radial pressure relief hole 8 perpendicular to the internal channel 9 of the pressure relief body.

[0061] Furthermore, the piston sleeve has multiple lateral holes along the circumference near its lower end, and the diameter of the lateral holes is 8-10 mm;

[0062] Furthermore, the sliding sleeve 31 is located outside the last stage piston 20, and a sealing ring is provided on the sliding sleeve. The cup-type sealing mechanism, the compression rubber cylinder 29, and the rubber cylinder 32 bracket are sequentially installed on the sliding sleeve 31.

[0063] Furthermore, the lower end of the first-stage piston sleeve 3 is connected to the pressure relief body, and the upper end of the intermediate piston sleeve 13 (the first second-stage piston sleeve) is connected to the pressure relief body 10; the intermediate piston sleeves are connected by threaded connections.

[0064] Furthermore, the cup-type sealing mechanism consists of a cup 27 and a cup support; the maximum outer diameter of the cup 27 in the cup-type sealing mechanism is 2 to 3 mm larger than the inner diameter of the sleeve; the compression-type rubber sleeve 29 is a two-stage rubber sleeve with a steel spacer ring 30 in the middle, and the outer diameter of the compression-type rubber sleeve 29 is 6 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the sleeve.

[0065] Furthermore, the flared portion of the leather cup is fitted inside the leather cup protective cover 24; the maximum outer diameter of the leather cup protective cover 24 is consistent with the outer diameter of the piston sleeve;

[0066] Furthermore, the shaping expansion head 34 is a double cone with a large diameter in the middle and a smaller diameter towards both ends. The front part is a cone extending forward at a slope of 9 degrees from the maximum diameter. The front end is spherical, and the rear part is shorter and equipped with a female buckle.

[0067] Furthermore, the push rod 33 is a cylinder with a length not exceeding 30cm and male buckle diameter of 70mm at both ends.

[0068] How to use

[0069] Install the tool at the bottom of the tubing string, and install 3 to 5 tubing anchors every 2 tubing sections above it. Connect the tubing string to the wellhead at the top of the tubing anchors.

[0070] 1) Perform forward shaping on the casing:

[0071] The horizontal well bidirectional shaping tool is installed at the bottom of the downhole tubing string. Pressure is applied to the tubing string from the surface, and then hydraulic pressure is applied to the shaping device. The hydraulic pressure acts on the upper end face of each piston. Since the piston chamber is connected to the annulus of the casing through the lateral hole, a pressure difference is formed between the upper end face of the piston and the piston chamber. When the pressure difference is greater than the friction between the shaping head and the casing, the pistons at each stage will be pushed down, pushing the push rod to make the shaping head go down, thus completing the casing enlargement repair.

[0072] 2) Process self-test:

[0073] During the forward pressurization process that drives the forming head downwards, when the lower end face of the small step on the upper part of the first-stage piston contacts the pressure relief rod, it compresses the pressure relief rod. The pressure relief rod descends and enters the pressure relief chamber through the plug of the sealing section of the pressure relief body's internal channel. The pressurized fluid inside the tool is released into the annulus through the upper end face of the uppermost middle piston, the pressure relief chamber, the pressure relief internal channel, and the pressure relief hole. The wellhead pressure suddenly drops, indicating that the first-stage piston has reached its lowest point. At this time, pressurization at the surface wellhead stops. Under the action of the piston return spring, the first-stage piston moves upwards and separates from the pressure relief rod. Under the action of the pressure relief spring, the pressure relief rod moves upwards to seal the pressure relief channel of the pressure relief body. The forward forming stroke of the casing ends.

[0074] 3) Reverse force-increasing shaping of the casing:

[0075] During the forward forming of the sleeve, when the lower end face of the large-diameter portion of the outer wall of the last-stage piston descends to the upper end face of the sliding sleeve, it squeezes the sliding sleeve and shears the sliding sleeve pin. The last-stage piston pushes the sliding sleeve downward until the outer protrusion of the sliding sleeve contacts the inner protrusion of the last-stage piston sleeve. The cup-type sealing mechanism will detach from the cup-type protective cover and expand elastically, sealing the annulus. Hydraulic pressure is applied from the annulus. Since the cup-type sealing mechanism is sealing the annulus at this time, as the hydraulic pressure increases, the cup-type sealing mechanism pushes the compression rubber sleeve downward. Because there is a rubber sleeve support at the bottom of the compression rubber sleeve, the compression rubber sleeve is compressed and opens to seal the annulus. The liquid injected into the annulus enters the piston chamber through the side holes of each piston sleeve at the top of the cup-type sealing mechanism, pushing each stage of piston upward, thereby causing the forming expansion head to rise and forming the sleeve. This achieves reverse force-increasing diameter forming of the sleeve section.

[0076] Example 2:

[0077] Please see Figures 1 to 2 The present invention provides a technical solution: based on the technical solution of embodiment 1, the compression rubber tube is made of high temperature resistant tetrafluoroethylene material;

[0078] The pistons at each stage have the same diameter, ranging from 300 to 400 mm. The maximum outer diameter of each piston is 60 mm to 65 mm. The outer diameter of the large diameter end of each piston is 100 mm, the outer diameter of the small diameter section is 70 mm, and the inner diameter of the piston is 10 mm.

[0079] Although all the above embodiments use Figure 1 However, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that separate drawings are not necessary; simply removing missing components or structural features from the drawings is sufficient. This is clear to those skilled in the art. Of course, embodiments with more components are merely optimal embodiments, while embodiments with fewer components are basic embodiments, but all can achieve the basic objectives of the present invention. Therefore, all these modified embodiments are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0080] All components not discussed in detail in this application, as well as the connection methods of these components, are well-known technologies in this field. They can be directly applied and will not be elaborated further.

[0081] In this invention, the term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise explicitly defined. The terms "install," "connect," "link," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connect" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "link" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0082] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or unit referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0083] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0084] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-way shaping tool for horizontal wells, comprising a hydraulic propulsion mechanism and a shaping head; the lower end of the hydraulic propulsion mechanism is connected to the shaping head via a push rod; characterized in that It also includes a process self-testing mechanism; The hydraulic propulsion mechanism includes a first-stage piston mechanism, an intermediate piston mechanism, and a last-stage piston mechanism arranged sequentially from top to bottom; at least one intermediate piston mechanism is provided. The process self-testing mechanism is located at the lower part of the first-stage piston mechanism; the process self-testing mechanism is a touch switch, that is, when the first-stage piston mechanism descends to the dead point and touches the process self-testing mechanism, it opens the pressure relief channel to release pressure outward, and the internal pressure of the hydraulic propulsion mechanism will instantly lose pressure. The ground receives the pressure loss signal, stops the pressure, and the forward shaping process ends. It also includes a reverse force-amplifying shaping mechanism; The reverse force-amplifying and shaping mechanism is connected to the lower part of the last stage piston mechanism; The first-stage piston mechanism includes a first-stage piston, a first-stage piston sleeve, and a piston return spring; The first-stage piston sleeve is fitted outside the first-stage piston, the inside of the first-stage piston is the first-stage internal pressure channel, the outside of the first-stage piston forms the first-stage piston cavity, and the piston return spring is installed inside the first-stage piston cavity; The upper end face of the first-stage piston is the pressure-pressing surface, which is connected to the pressure-pressing channel inside the first stage; The intermediate piston mechanism includes an intermediate piston sleeve and an intermediate piston; The intermediate piston sleeve is fitted outside the intermediate piston, the interior of the intermediate piston is the intermediate internal pressure channel, and the exterior of the intermediate piston forms the intermediate piston cavity. The upper end face of the intermediate piston is a pressure surface, which is connected to the intermediate inner pressure channel, and the intermediate inner pressure channel is connected to the first-stage inner pressure channel; the lower part of the intermediate piston sleeve has a lateral hole for the intermediate piston sleeve, so that the oil sleeve annulus is connected to the intermediate piston cavity. The last-stage piston mechanism includes a last-stage piston sleeve and a last-stage piston; The last stage piston sleeve is fitted onto the outside of the last stage piston, the inside of the last stage piston is the last stage internal pressure channel, and the outside of the last stage piston forms the last stage piston chamber. The upper end face of the last stage piston is a pressure surface, which is connected to the inner pressure channel of the last stage. The inner pressure channel of the last stage is connected to the middle inner pressure channel. The lower part of the last stage piston sleeve has a lateral hole for the last stage piston sleeve, so that the oil sleeve annulus is connected to the last stage piston cavity. The upper end of the last stage piston is fixedly connected to the middle piston, the lower end of the last stage piston is connected to the push rod, and the upper end of the last stage piston sleeve is fixedly connected to the middle piston sleeve. The reverse force-increasing shaping mechanism includes a leather cup protective cover, a sliding sleeve, a leather cup sealing mechanism, and a compression rubber cylinder; The sliding sleeve is fitted outside the last stage piston, and the inner wall of the sliding sleeve and the outer wall of the last stage piston are in sliding seal. The outer wall of the sliding sleeve is fitted with a cup-type sealing mechanism and a compression rubber tube. The upper end of the compression rubber tube contacts the bottom end of the cup-type sealing mechanism, and the lower end of the compression rubber tube is limited on the limiting platform at the bottom of the sliding sleeve, i.e., the rubber tube support. The upper end of the leather cup protective cover is connected and fixed to the last stage piston sleeve. The leather cup protective cover can cover the upper end of the leather cup of the leather cup sealing mechanism, so that the leather cup is in a retracted state. The leather cup protective cover is connected and fixed to the sliding sleeve through the sliding sleeve pin.

2. A bi-directional shaping tool for a horizontal well according to claim 1, characterized in that The process self-testing mechanism includes a pressure relief rod, a pressure relief spring, and a pressure relief body; The upper end of the pressure relief body is connected to the first-stage piston sleeve, and the lower end is connected to the middle piston sleeve. The inner wall of the pressure relief body slides and seals with the outer wall of the first-stage piston. The pressure relief body has a pressure relief internal channel and a pressure relief hole that are connected in both directions; the pressure relief body also has a pressure relief spring cavity and a pressure relief body chamber. The upper end of the pressure relief internal channel is connected to the pressure relief spring cavity, the lower end of the pressure relief internal channel is connected to the pressure relief body chamber, and the lower part of the pressure relief body chamber is connected to the upper end face of the intermediate piston. The middle section of the pressure relief rod is a rod column, which passes through the internal channel of the pressure relief body. The diameter of the rod column is smaller than the inner diameter of the internal channel of the pressure relief body. A rod contact head is provided at the upper end of the rod column, and a plug head is provided at the lower end of the rod column. A sealing ring is provided on the outer wall of the plug head to slide and seal with the internal channel of the pressure relief body. The upper end of the pressure relief spring abuts against the lower end face of the rod contact head, and the lower end of the pressure relief spring abuts against the bottom surface of the pressure relief spring cavity.

3. A bi-directional shaping tool for a horizontal well according to claim 2, characterized in that The upper end of the outer wall of the first-stage piston is provided with a large-diameter step and a small-diameter step. The inner wall of the first-stage piston sleeve is provided with a spring base. The upper end of the piston return spring abuts against the large-diameter step, and the lower end abuts against the spring base. The small-diameter step corresponds to the rod contact head of the pressure relief rod below.

4. The bi-directional shaping tool for horizontal wells of claim 1, wherein, The upper ends of the inner wall of the last stage piston sleeve and the outer wall of the sliding sleeve are respectively provided with matching limiting protrusions to prevent the sliding sleeve from moving downward.

5. A method of using a horizontal well bi-directional shaping tool, characterized by, Using the horizontal well bidirectional shaping tool according to claim 3 includes the following steps: 1) Perform forward shaping on the casing: The horizontal well bidirectional shaping tool is installed at the bottom of the downhole tubing string. Pressure is applied to the tubing string from the surface, and then hydraulic pressure is applied to the shaping device. The hydraulic pressure acts on the upper end face of each piston. Since the piston chamber is connected to the annulus of the casing through the lateral hole, a pressure difference is formed between the upper end face of the piston and the piston chamber. When the pressure difference is greater than the friction between the shaping head and the casing, the pistons at each stage will be pushed down, pushing the push rod to make the shaping head go down, thus completing the casing enlargement repair. 2) Process self-test: During the forward pressurization process that drives the forming head downwards, when the lower end face of the small-diameter step on the upper part of the first-stage piston contacts the pressure relief rod, it compresses the pressure relief rod. The pressure relief rod descends and enters the pressure relief chamber through the plug of the sealing section of the pressure relief body's internal channel. The pressurized fluid inside the tool is released into the annulus through the upper end face of the uppermost middle piston, the pressure relief chamber, the pressure relief internal channel, and the pressure relief hole. The wellhead pressure suddenly drops, indicating that the first-stage piston has reached its lowest point. At this time, pressurization at the surface wellhead stops. Under the action of the piston return spring, the first-stage piston moves upwards and separates from the pressure relief rod. Under the action of the pressure relief spring, the pressure relief rod moves upwards and seals the pressure relief channel of the pressure relief body. The forward forming stroke of the casing ends. 3) Reverse force-increasing shaping of the casing: During the forward forming of the sleeve, when the lower end face of the large-diameter portion of the outer wall of the last-stage piston descends to the upper end face of the sliding sleeve, it squeezes the sliding sleeve and shears the sliding sleeve pin. The last-stage piston pushes the sliding sleeve downward until the outer protrusion of the sliding sleeve contacts the inner protrusion of the last-stage piston sleeve. The cup-type sealing mechanism will detach from the cup-type protective cover and expand elastically, sealing the annulus. Hydraulic pressure is applied from the annulus. Since the cup-type sealing mechanism is sealing the annulus at this time, as the hydraulic pressure increases, the cup-type sealing mechanism pushes the compression rubber sleeve downward. Because there is a rubber sleeve support at the bottom of the compression rubber sleeve, the compression rubber sleeve is compressed and opens to seal the annulus. The liquid injected into the annulus enters the piston chamber through the side holes of each piston sleeve at the top of the cup-type sealing mechanism, pushing each stage of piston upward, thereby causing the forming expansion head to rise and forming the sleeve. This achieves reverse force-increasing diameter forming of the sleeve section.

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