A panel cut-and-fill mining method with sublevel drilling and subsequent ore drawing

Abstract

The present invention provides a panel-type sectionalized rock drilling and stage ore drawing subsequent filling mining method, belonging to the technical field of mining. The filling mining method is applicable to the mining of steeply inclined and inclined ore bodies. The surrounding rock of the roof of the ore body is stable, the surrounding rock of the floor of the ore body is unstable, the ore body is moderately stable, with developed joints and fractures, and has an obvious bedded structure, resulting in obvious differences in the mechanical strength of the ore body, the intercalated rock and the surrounding rock of the roof and floor; it is applicable to steeply inclined ore bodies with a horizontal thickness of the ore body greater than 20 m and an inclination angle greater than 55°, as well as inclined thick ore bodies and extremely thick ore bodies with an inclination angle of 30° to 55° where the friction force between the lower wall boundary of the ore body and the contact surface of the floor surrounding rock is relatively small, the fluidity of the ore is good, and the movement angle of the ore in the lower wall is above 30°. The present invention can achieve high-efficiency and low-cost mining, with low ore loss and dilution, and achieves the goals of safe and efficient mining, protecting the high-pressure aquifer overlying the ore body, and controlling surface subsidence and collapse.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and specifically relates to a panel-type sublevel drilling and stage ore drawing and subsequent filling mining method suitable for mining steeply inclined and inclined ore bodies. Background Art

[0002] Mining methods are divided into three types: "caving method, open stoping method, and filling method". The caving method has the lowest development ratio and mining cost and the highest production efficiency, but it is prone to environmental problems such as surface subsidence and water source damage. For the mining of ore deposits located under surface water bodies, buildings, and railways (highways), surface subsidence is not allowed, and the surface environment needs to be strictly protected. When mining such ore deposits, corresponding stoping process technologies should be adopted according to the occurrence conditions of the ore deposits. At present, many mines adopt the sublevel drilling and stage ore drawing and subsequent filling mining method, or the room-and-pillar method, and the room-and-pillar filling mining method for mining. The "sublevel drilling and stage ore drawing and subsequent filling mining method" is generally applied to ore bodies with stable ore bodies, and the occurrence state of the ore bodies is steeply inclined ore bodies, that is, the dip angle of the ore body is greater than 55°, which is convenient for centralized ore drawing from the lowest sublevel, and other auxiliary sublevels are only responsible for drilling, charging and blasting, and loosening the ore drawing; when applying the "sublevel drilling and stage ore drawing and subsequent filling mining method" in inclined (ore body dip angle between 30°-55°) ore bodies, there are problems of ore loss and dilution in the lower wall of the ore body; it is difficult to recover the intermediate pillars left in the ore block in the later stage, resulting in permanent losses; at the same time, there are also problems such as large development work amount, long development preparation time, long mining and filling cycle time, low production efficiency, easy roof caving in the mined stope, and high safety risks; while in the room-and-pillar method, the mined-out area is supported by ore pillars, which is prone to roof caving in the later stage, and it is more difficult to mine other stopes after the ground pressure appears; the room-and-pillar filling mining method has problems such as low recovery rate.

[0003] Therefore, there are contradictory unity problems among efficiency, safety, cost, dilution, and loss in the mining of complex environments with medium-stable, steeply inclined, and inclined extremely thick ore bodies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an optimized scheme of a panel-type sublevel drilling and stage ore drawing and subsequent filling mining method suitable for mining steeply inclined and inclined ore bodies. This mining method is applicable to ore bodies mined under the "three-under" conditions, with stable roof of the ore body, unstable surrounding rock of the floor of the ore body, medium stability of the ore body, interbedded hard and soft gangue between the ore bodies, developed joints and fractures, and obvious bedded structure, resulting in obvious differences in the mechanical strength of the ore body, gangue, and roof and floor surrounding rock. It is applicable to the mining of thick and extremely thick ore bodies, with a relatively small friction force between the lower boundary of the ore body and the contact surface of the floor surrounding rock, good ore fluidity, and a moving angle of more than 30° in the lower wall of the ore body for steeply inclined and inclined ore bodies.

[0005] The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] A panel-section caving and subsequent filling mining method

[0007] It is applicable to the mining of steeply inclined and inclined ore bodies with stable hanging wall surrounding rock of the ore body roof, unstable footwall surrounding rock of the ore body, medium-stable ore body, developed joints and fractures, obvious bedded structure, significant differences in the mechanical strengths of the ore body, intercalated rocks and roof and floor surrounding rocks, and obvious branching and compounding of ore and rock; it is applicable to the mining of steeply inclined ore bodies with a horizontal thickness of the ore body greater than 20m and an inclination angle greater than 55°, as well as inclined thick ore bodies and extremely thick ore bodies with an inclination angle of 30° to 55° where the friction force between the lower boundary of the ore body and the contact surface of the footwall surrounding rock is relatively small, the ore has good fluidity, and the movement angle of the ore in the lower footwall is above 30°.

[0008] The level height is 45 - 60m. The panel is arranged along the strike of the ore body, with a length of 120 - 145m. Among them, the panel pillar is 23 - 25m long, and the two-sided stoping units are 97 - 120m long, with a width equal to the horizontal thickness of the ore body. Three sections and two levels are set between every two ore bodies at a vertical height interval of 45 - 60m: from top to bottom, they are the upper ore-drawing and transportation level, the first section, the second section, the third section, and the lower ore-drawing and transportation level;

[0009] Among them, the upper ore-drawing and transportation level is located at the top of the stope. After all the stopes in this level are mined out and the mining is transferred to the next level, the upper ore-drawing and transportation level is converted into a filling level; a filling roadway, panel filling connection roadways, panel filling pedestrian shaft connection roadways and panel filling pedestrian shafts are arranged in the upper ore-drawing and transportation level. The crown pillar of the stope is reserved in the upper ore-drawing and transportation level and is not mined temporarily. The filling roadway and long cable bolts for roof protection mortar in this level are constructed. The upper-level transportation cross-cuts in the panel pillar of the filling level are connected to each filling roadway to facilitate the arrangement of filling pipelines and the transportation of filling materials; the panel filling connection roadways are arranged on the hanging wall side to facilitate the arrangement of filling pipelines and the transportation of filling materials when mining the panel pillar;

[0010] Three sections, namely the first section, the second section, and the third section, are arranged between the upper ore-drawing and transportation level and the lower ore-drawing and transportation level. In the section, sectional panel hanging wall connection roadways, drilling roadways, cut shaft ear roadways, cut shafts, sectional panel filling roadways, sectional panel connection roadways, and raise connection roadways are arranged. When mining the stope, upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes are constructed in the drilling roadway and the first-section panel drilling headings. The upper ore-drawing and transportation level and the lower ore-drawing and transportation level are connected to the section by ramps. The ramps and sectional panel hanging wall connection roadways are arranged outside the rock movement angle, at a position close to the stable ore and rock on the hanging wall side of the ore body;

[0011] The lower ore-drawing and transportation level is located below the third sublevel, with a vertical distance of 7 - 8 meters. Raise-bored shafts are constructed from the lower ore-drawing and transportation level to the first, second, and third sublevels. After laying tracks and overhead lines in the upper-level drift, lower-level drift, and crosscut of the lower ore-drawing and transportation level, electric locomotives are used to tow ore cars, and ore is transported through ore pass machines from the raise-bored shafts. The ore body between the floor of the lower ore-drawing and transportation level and the floor of the third sublevel serves as the panel pillar.

[0012] Preferably, sublevel panel upper connecting roadways are arranged along the strike of the ore body on the upper wall of the ore body in the first, second, and third sublevels, outside the rock movement angle of the last stoping unit on the upper wall side. Sublevel sedimentation roadways, panel distribution box chambers, water and air pipelines, and power supply facilities are arranged in the sublevel panel upper connecting roadways. Sublevel panel connecting roadways are arranged in the panel intermediate pillar. The sublevel panel connecting roadways are connected to sublevel drilling roadways, panel sublevel backfill roadways, raise-bored shafts, and panel backfill and pedestrian shafts.

[0013] A panel backfill and pedestrian shaft is designed in the panel intermediate pillar of the panel. The panel backfill and pedestrian shaft is connected to the sublevel panel connecting roadways of the three sublevels. The panel backfill and pedestrian shaft is connected to the panel backfill connecting roadway in the lower ore-drawing and transportation level through the panel backfill and pedestrian shaft connecting roadway. Fresh air flows into the sublevel tunneling face or stope through the ramp. Polluted air enters the panel backfill connecting roadway in the lower ore-drawing and transportation level through the panel backfill and pedestrian shaft along the sublevel panel upper connecting roadway, and then enters the main return airway through the end return airway in the lower ore-drawing and transportation level, and finally is discharged to the surface.

[0014] Preferably, the panel is arranged along the strike of the ore body. Each panel is 120 - 145 m in length, where the panel pillar is 23 - 25 m long, and the ore rooms on both sides of the panel pillar are 97 - 120 m long. The ore rooms on both sides of the panel pillar are divided into 6 ore rooms from the footwall to the hanging wall of the ore body. The first part of the ore room on the footwall side is further divided into 8 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. In each stoping unit, panel drilling headings are arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. There are 4 stoping units arranged on each side of the panel pillar. The serial numbers from the far end of the panel pillar to the panel pillar are 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. The serial number of the stoping unit is named as panel number - ore room number - east 1 or west 1 stoping unit; each of the second to sixth parts of the ore rooms is further divided into 4 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. In each stoping unit, drilling headings are arranged along the strike of the ore body. There are 2 on each side of the panel pillar. The serial numbers from the far end of the panel pillar to the panel pillar are 1 and 2 respectively. The serial number of the stoping unit is named as panel number - ore room number - east 1 or west 1 stoping unit; the stoping units arranged in the 6 ore rooms are mined from both sides of the panel towards the middle of the panel pillar and from the footwall to the hanging wall direction. The ore rooms on both sides of the panel pillar are planned to be divided into 28 stoping units in total. The stoping units adopt the method of sectional drilling and blasting with stage ore drawing; the width of the stoping unit is 13 - 15 m, and the length is 25 - 32 m. After ore drawing, cemented filling is carried out. After the filling is completed, upward fan-shaped longhole construction of adjacent stoping units is arranged. After the filling body is cured for 28 days and the strength reaches the design requirements, blasting and stoping are carried out. The stoping units on both sides of the panel pillar are continuously mined. Sectional panel connecting roads, ore passes, and panel filling and pedestrian shafts are arranged in the panel pillar, which are mainly used for the forklift to enter each drilling heading from the panel connecting road to draw ore from the side of each stoping unit, increasing the ore drawing points and improving the ore drawing efficiency; the first part of the ore room on the footwall side is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. A cut - through raise and cut - through raise ear headings are arranged at the footwall of the first and second sections of the ore body. When the stoping unit is mined, cut - through raise and cut - through raise ear headings are used for slotting blasting from the footwall direction of the ore body. After forming a free face, blasting and stoping are carried out step - by - step towards the hanging wall direction; the second to sixth parts of the ore rooms are arranged along the strike of the ore body. A cut - through raise and panel cut - through headings are arranged at the ends of the stoping units in each section. When mining, cut - through raise and panel cut - through headings are used for slotting blasting. After forming a free face, blasting and stoping are carried out step - by - step towards the panel pillar.

[0015] For deep-hole ore drawing, upward fan-shaped deep holes are arranged. The rock drilling and blasting roadways are distributed in the first section, the second section, the third-section rock drilling roadway, the cut-through shaft roadway, the panel rock drilling drift, the panel ore drawing drift, and the panel cutting drift. In each mining unit of the first part of the ore chamber, the sectional rock drilling and blasting stage ore drawing method is adopted. In the first section, auxiliary rock drilling and blasting are carried out, and the ore drawing ratio is 30%-40%. The remaining part is left until the second section, and the ore is drawn centrally from the rock drilling roadway of the second section. In each mining unit of the second to sixth parts of the ore chamber, the sectional rock drilling and blasting stage ore drawing method is adopted, and a bottom ore drawing structure is arranged in the third section for centralized ore drawing. The third-section rock drilling roadways of the respective mining units of the second to sixth parts of the ore chamber are connected through multiple panel ore drawing drifts. The distance between the centerlines of adjacent panel ore drawing drifts is 8-9 meters, which facilitates the later loader to draw ore from multiple points of each panel ore drawing drift and the rock drilling roadway, recover the ore in the ore chamber completely, and improve the ore recovery rate. After all the ore in the mining unit is mined, the goaf is filled by laying filling pipelines using the filling roadway arranged at the top of the mining unit and the in-vein haulage roadway in the upper middle section. Considering that the lengths of the 8 mining units on both sides of the panel pillar in the first part of the ore chamber in the footwall roadway are relatively long, in order to improve the capping rate, two filling roadways are arranged along the strike of the ore body.

[0016] Preferably, when each mining unit is mined, first, the cut-through shaft is formed by successive blasting in the first section, the second section, and the third section using the one-pass raise boring blasting technology. Then, the cut-through shaft is used as the blasting free face for slotting blasting. When the slotting reaches the mining width, the positive row upward fan-shaped deep holes are blasted step by step. After the upper section leads the lower section by 2 step distances, on the premise that the one-pass raise boring blasting in the lower section does not affect the mining of the upper section, the one-pass raise boring blasting and subsequent slotting blasting can be arranged in the lower section. When the positive row upward fan-shaped deep holes are blasted step by step, the upper section should lead the lower section by 2 step distances.

[0017] After each step of blasting in the mining unit, according to the size of the goaf and the ore amount caved in each step, the ore is drawn at a certain ratio to prevent over-drawing and ensure that the caved ore can form squeeze blasting, reduce large pieces in the stope, and reduce the disturbance to the goaf roof and side walls. After all the upward fan-shaped deep holes in each section of a mining unit are blasted, for the respective mining units in the first part of the ore chamber on the lower side of the footwall, the ore drawing sequence should be well controlled. After the residual ore in the first-section rock drilling roadway is recovered, the ore drawing from the second-section rock drilling roadway and the panel ore drawing drift is then arranged. Since the respective mining units of the second to sixth parts of the ore chamber are arranged along the strike of the ore body, the ore can be drawn from the third-section rock drilling roadway and the panel ore drawing drift until all the caved ore is drawn out.

[0018] After all the ore in the stoping unit is completely recovered, the last step of stoping, i.e., the filling operation, begins: Construct a filling retaining wall at the positions where the drift in the first level, second level, and third level, the panel drift for drilling, the panel ore-drawing drift, the panel cut-off drift are connected to the goaf, seal the entire goaf, and conduct cemented tailings filling. When filling, use the filling drift arranged on the roof of the stoping unit to lay the filling pipeline. The filling ash-sand ratio is 1:8, and the filling height is up to 2 meters above the bottom plate of the filling drift. After the filling is completed, cure the filling body for 28 days. It is required that the strength of the filling body is not less than 2.5 Mpa, then the adjacent stoping unit can be started for stoping, and enter the next stoping and filling cycle;

[0019] After all the ore rooms on both sides of the panel pillar are completely stoped, start to stop the top pillar according to the drift method. After the top pillar is stoped, divide the reserved panel pillar from the footwall to the hanging wall into 7 stoping units in sequence. Each stoping unit arranges a drift for drilling along the strike of the ore body. The drift for drilling constructed during the later recovery of the panel pillar and the ore-drawing drift for recovering the panel pillar need to be constructed during the recovery of the panel pillar to prevent the roadway from being idle for too long due to premature construction, resulting in roadway deformation and collapse. Fan-shaped long holes for recovering the panel pillar are arranged in the drift for drilling. During stoping, use the cut-through raise and the ear drift of the cut-through raise for presplitting blasting to form a free face, and then conduct blasting stoping step by step. Ore is drawn from multiple points of the crosscut in the panel and the ore-drawing drift for recovering the panel pillar to improve the ore-drawing efficiency and stoping rate. The 7 stoping units in the panel pillar are recovered one by one from the footwall to the hanging wall direction until the entire panel pillar is completely stoped. The remaining bottom pillar serves as the top pillar for the next mining level, and enter the next mining level.

[0020] Preferably, the height of the upper ore-drawing and haulage level and the lower ore-drawing and haulage level of the ore body is 45 - 60 m, the height of 3 levels is 12 - 14 m, and the ore body between the third level and the ore-drawing and haulage level is reserved as the bottom pillar, with the height of the bottom pillar being 7 - 8 m; the bottom pillar becomes the top pillar during the mining of the next lower level.

[0021] Preferably, the length of the ear drift of the first cut in the first level is 10 - 12 m; the length of the ear drift of the first cut in the second level is 12 - 14 m; the length of the ear drift of the first cut in the third level is 8 - 10 m.

[0022] Preferably, the drifts for drilling in the first level and the second level of the 8 stoping units in the first part of the ore room are arranged at the footwall boundary of the ore body; for each stoping unit arranged along the strike of the ore body in the second to sixth parts of the ore room, the drift for drilling in the first level is 8.5 m away from the stoping boundary of the adjacent stoping unit; the drift for drilling in the second level is 7.5 m away from the stoping boundary of the adjacent stoping unit; the drift for drilling in the third level is 4.5 m away from the stoping boundary of the adjacent stoping unit.

[0023] Preferably, ore rooms are arranged on both sides of the panel intermediate pillar within the panel. The ore body is divided into six parts of ore rooms from the footwall to the hanging wall. The first part of the ore room is further divided into 8 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. In each stoping unit, panel drilling headings are arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The first and second benches participate in stoping. The stoping unit has a height of 26 m, a length of 28 - 35 m, and a width of 11 - 13 m. The second to fourth parts of the ore rooms are each further divided into 4 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. In each stoping unit, a drilling drift is arranged along the strike of the ore body. The first, second, and third benches all participate in stoping. The stoping unit has a height of 38 m, a length of 23 - 25 m, and a width of 13 - 15 m. The fifth part of the ore room is further divided into 4 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. In each stoping unit, a drilling drift is arranged along the strike of the ore body. The second and third benches participate in stoping. The stoping unit has a height of 24 m, a length of 23 - 25 m, and a width of 13 - 15 m. The sixth part of the ore room is further divided into 4 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. In each stoping unit, a drilling drift is arranged along the strike of the ore body. Only the third bench participates in stoping. The stoping unit has a height of 15 - 17 m, a length of 23 - 25 m, and a width of 13 - 15 m.

[0024] Preferably, after all the stoping units on both sides of the panel intermediate pillar are completely stoped, the recovery of the panel intermediate pillar begins. The panel intermediate pillar is divided into 7 stoping units from the footwall to the hanging wall in sequence. In each stoping unit, a drilling drift is arranged along the strike of the ore body. There are a total of 7 stoping units arranged in the panel intermediate pillar, and each panel is divided into 35 stoping units in total.

[0025] Preferably, the bottom - bench drilling drifts of each stoping unit are connected through multiple panel ore - drawing headings. The distance between the centerlines of adjacent panel ore - drawing headings within the same stoping unit is 8 - 9 m, which facilitates the later - stage forklift to draw ore from multiple points of each panel ore - drawing heading and drilling drift, improving the ore recovery rate.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. In order to mine ore more safely and efficiently, the present invention arranges panels along the strike of the ore body, leaves a panel intermediate pillar with a width of 23 - 25 m between panels, arranges ore rooms on both sides of the panel intermediate pillar, and further divides the ore rooms into stoping units. The function of the panel intermediate pillar is to serve as a temporary ore pillar during the stoping of the stoping units on both sides of the panel. In the first, second, and third benches within the panel intermediate pillar, engineering works such as panel connection roads, ore passes, ventilation shafts, and filling and pedestrian shafts are arranged. In the upper ore - drawing and transportation level and the lower ore - drawing and transportation level within the panel intermediate pillar, ore - drawing and transportation cross - cuts, panel filling and pedestrian shaft connecting lanes, ore - pass ore - discharging chambers, and ramps are arranged. After the stoping units on both sides of the panel are completely stoped, the panel intermediate pillar is then stoped, improving the safety of stoping, as well as the ore - drawing efficiency and recovery rate.

[0028] 2. The mining method studied in the present invention is applicable to the mining of thick and extremely thick ore bodies, where the friction between the contact surface of the lower wall boundary of the ore body and the floor surrounding rock is relatively small, the ore has good fluidity, and the ore's lower wall movement angle is above 30°. The roof of the stoping unit is supported by long mortar cables. Multi-stage stoping is adopted, and a large amount of ore is extracted from the ore-drawing structure at the bottom of the lowest stage, realizing stage open-stope mining. Subsequently, the mined-out area is filled, which not only has the high mining efficiency of the caving method but also the safety of the filling method. The mining environment is safe. The mined-out area is filled with a mixture of classified tailings and cementing agent, which improves the ore recovery rate and reduces the ore dilution rate. Compared with the "block-by-block sublevel drilling and stage ore-drawing subsequent filling mining method", this design method leaves fewer intermediate pillars, arranges fewer ore-drawing access roads and ore passes, reduces the amount of development and cutting work, saves project costs, and also shortens the construction period of the preparatory engineering.

[0029] 3. Since a 23m panel intermediate pillar is left in each panel in the present invention, after the stoping of the stoping units on both sides of the panel intermediate pillar is completed, the mined-out area is filled with a high ash-sand ratio, and then the panel intermediate pillar is mined, which greatly improves the recovery rate. The long-axis direction of the roof shape of the mined-out area of the stoping unit is designed as a trapezoid, making full use of the flow range and fluid slope of the filling slurry, which is conducive to improving the filling capping rate during later filling. The short-axis direction is designed as an arch, taking advantage of the good stress structure of the arched roadway, and long mortar cable support measures are taken to ensure the safety and stability of the roof of the mined-out area after stoping.

[0030] 4. Taking advantage of the characteristics that the friction between the contact surface of the lower wall boundary of the ore body and the floor surrounding rock is relatively small, the ore has good fluidity, and the ore's lower wall movement angle is above 30°, the drilling roadway (drilling roadway 1 in the VII-VII section) close to the lower wall roadway in each sublevel is designed at the position of the lower wall boundary of the ore body. When the lower wall side holes of the drilling roadway are blasted for slotting, the angle of the side holes at the lower wall of the ore body is designed to be basically the same as the dip angle of the ore body, reducing the ore dilution while fully recovering the ore;

[0031] The stoping units in the first part of the ore room on the lower wall side (serial number ① in the VII-VII section) are arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The distance between the side wall of the cut-off raise in the second sublevel and the side wall of the drilling roadway 1 in the first sublevel is 2.5 - 3.0 meters, preventing the drilling roadway 1 in the first sublevel from being damaged during the slotting blasting in the second sublevel, creating conditions for the electric shovel or remote control vehicle to safely extract ore from the drilling roadway 1 in the first sublevel into the mined-out area, and fully recovering the ore blasted in the stoping unit.

[0032] In the second to sixth ore rooms (serial numbers ② - ⑥ in the VII - VII cross - section), the mining units are arranged with drifts along the strike of the ore body. The bottom structure is arranged in the third level. Each mining unit is equipped with sublevel drifts and panel ore - drawing headings, which facilitates the later - stage loaders to draw ore from multiple points of each panel ore - drawing heading and drift, improving the ore - drawing efficiency, shortening the exposure time of the goaf roof, and achieving the purpose of fast mining and fast backfilling; the distance between the centerlines of adjacent panel ore - drawing headings within the same mining unit is 8 - 9 meters, reducing spine loss and increasing the ore recovery rate.

[0033] 5. The present invention can overcome the defects of the sublevel drilling and subsequent filling mining method in the ore - drawing stage, such as being only applicable to the cases where both the ore body and the roof of the ore body are stable, the occurrence state of the ore body is steeply inclined, with high loss rate and low ore - drawing efficiency. It provides a mining method with a safe and reliable mining environment, no surface subsidence, prevention of high - pressure water in the overlying strata from flowing into the mine, and at the same time, it can achieve high - efficiency and low - cost mining, with low ore loss and dilution; it achieves the purposes of safe and efficient mining, protecting the high - pressure aquifer overlying the ore body, and controlling surface settlement and subsidence. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic process flow diagram of the optimized scheme of the mining method of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the cross - section view along the I - I line of

[0036] Figure 3 is Figure 1 the cross - section view along the II - II line of

[0037] Figure 4 is Figure 1 the cross - section view along the III - III line of

[0038] Figure 5 is Figure 1 the cross - section view along the IV - IV line of

[0039] Figure 6 is Figure 1 the cross - section view along the V - V line of

[0040] Figure 7 is Figure 1 the cross - section view along the VI - VI line of

[0041] In the figure: 1 - Upper panel drift for haulage; 2 - Lower panel drift for haulage; 3 - Sub-level sediment drift; 4 - Ramp; 5 - Upper panel cross drift in sub-level panel; 6 - Rock movement angle; 7 - Drifting roadway; 8 - Cut-through drift for raise; 9 - Cut-through raise; 10 - Filling drift; 11 - Panel filling cross drift; 12 - Upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes; 13 - Sub-level panel filling drift; 14 - Sub-level panel cross drift; 15 - Upper middle-level in-vein haulage drift; 16 - Crown pillar; 17 - Sill pillar; 18 - Ore pass; 19 - Ore pass connecting drift; 20 - Panel filling access shaft connecting drift; 21 - Panel filling access shaft; 22 - Fan-shaped deep holes for extracting panel intermediate pillar; 23 - Panel drifting roadway for drilling; 24 - Panel ore-drawing drift; 25 - Panel cutting drift; 26 - Ore body boundary line; 27 - Filling body; 28 - Panel distribution box chamber; 29 - Cross-cut in haulage level; 30 - Panel intermediate pillar; 31 - Ore-drawing drift; 32 - Upper middle-level haulage cross-cut; 33 - Long cable bolt of mortar for roof protection; 34 - Lower panel drift for haulage in upper middle-level; 35 - Stoping boundary of stope unit; 36 - Ramp connecting drift; 37 - First and second part stoping demarcation line during extraction of panel intermediate pillar; 38 - Drifting roadway constructed during later extraction of panel intermediate pillar. Detailed implementation manners

[0042] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0043] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that those of ordinary skill in the art can implement them. When the combination of technical solutions results in contradictions or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the protection scope required by the present invention.

[0044] Refer to Figures 1 to 7 , in which Figure 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the optimized mining method of the present invention (mainly reflecting the mutual relationship of the ore-hauling and filling levels, as well as the engineering of the first sub-level, the second sub-level, and the third sub-level along the vertical plane perpendicular to the ore body strike, and the occurrence state of the ore body, the positions of the hanging wall and the footwall, the division of the six ore rooms on both sides of the panel intermediate pillar in the sectional view, and the layout schematic diagram of the long cable bolts of mortar for roof protection of each stope unit).

[0045] Figure 2 is Figure 1Cross-sectional view along line Ⅰ-Ⅰ (mainly reflecting the mutual relationship of engineering arrangements within the first sectional plane, the mutual relationship of each ore pass within the cross-cut of the ore-drawing and transportation level, as well as the layout relationship between the panel interval pillars and the ore rooms on both sides, the mining sequence, and the layout of upward fan-shaped long holes on the plan);

[0046] Figure 3 For Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along line Ⅱ-Ⅱ (mainly reflecting the mutual relationship of engineering arrangements within the second sectional plane, the mutual relationship of each ore pass within the cross-cut of the ore-drawing and transportation level, as well as the layout relationship between the panel interval pillars and the ore rooms on both sides, the mining sequence, and the layout of upward fan-shaped medium-length holes on the plan);

[0047] Figure 4 For Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along line Ⅲ-Ⅲ (mainly reflecting the mutual relationship of engineering arrangements within the third sectional plane, the mutual relationship of each ore pass within the cross-cut of the ore-drawing and transportation level, as well as the layout relationship between the panel interval pillars and the ore rooms on both sides, the mining sequence, and the layout of upward fan-shaped medium-length holes on the plan);

[0048] Figure 5 For Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along line Ⅳ-Ⅳ (mainly reflecting the mutual relationship of engineering arrangements within the upper ore-drawing and transportation level and the mutual relationship of each ore pass within the cross-cut of the ore-drawing and transportation level, as well as the positional relationship of the filling roadway, panel filling access roadway, upper wall vein haulage roadway, lower wall vein haulage roadway, and panel interval pillar);

[0049] Figure 5 For Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along line Ⅳ-Ⅳ (mainly reflecting the mutual relationship of the mining units arranged perpendicular to the ore body strike with the cross-cut of the ore-drawing and transportation level, filling level, and panel interval pillar along the ore body strike on the vertical plane, including the designed shape of the goaf roof, filling ash-sand ratio, and layout plan of upward fan-shaped medium-length blast holes);

[0050] Figure 6 For Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along line Ⅴ-Ⅴ (mainly reflecting the mutual relationship of each mining unit within the first part of the ore room arranged along the ore body strike with the cross-cut of the ore-drawing and transportation level, filling level, and panel interval pillar along the ore body strike on the vertical plane, including the designed shape of the goaf roof, filling ash-sand ratio, and layout plan of upward fan-shaped long blast holes).

[0051] Figure 7 For Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along line Ⅶ-Ⅶ (mainly reflecting the mutual relationship of each mining unit within the third part of the ore room arranged along the ore body strike with the cross-cut of the ore-drawing and transportation level, filling level, and panel interval pillar along the ore body strike on the vertical plane, including the designed shape of the goaf roof, filling ash-sand ratio, and layout plan of upward fan-shaped long blast holes).

[0052] The present invention is applicable to the mining of steeply inclined and inclined ore bodies. The surrounding rock of the ore body roof is stable, while the surrounding rock of the ore body floor is unstable. The ore body is moderately stable, with developed joint fissures and an obvious bedded structure, resulting in significant differences in the mechanical strength of the ore body, intercalated rock, and the surrounding rock of the roof and floor. The ore and rock show obvious branching and compounding; it is applicable to the mining of extremely thick ore bodies with a horizontal thickness of the ore body greater than 30 m, steeply inclined ore bodies with an inclination angle greater than 55°, and inclined ore bodies with an inclination angle of 30 - 55° where the friction force between the contact surface of the lower wall boundary of the ore body and the surrounding rock of the floor is relatively small, the ore has good fluidity, and the movement angle of the ore in the lower wall is above 30°.

[0053] Figures 1 to 7 This is a schematic process flow diagram of the mining method solution of the present invention. First, numerical simulation calculations of the ore body mining model are carried out through the mechanical properties of the ore and rock to determine the width, length, height of the mining unit in the mined stope, and the maximum allowable exposed area of the goaf roof. According to the occurrence state of the ore body, the mining panels, panel pillars, and the positions of each part of the stope and mining unit on both sides of the panel pillar are divided, the positions of the cross-cuts and ore passes for ore drawing and transportation in the middle section are determined, and the development workings are arranged in the panel.

[0054] The height of the middle section is 45 - 60 m. The panel is arranged along the strike of the ore body, with a length of 120 - 145 m. Among them, the length of the panel pillar is 23 - 25 m, and the length of the stopes on both sides is 97 - 120 m. The width of the panel is the horizontal thickness of the ore body. Three sublevels and two middle sections are set between every 45 - 60 m of vertical height of the ore body: from top to bottom, they are the upper ore drawing and transportation middle section, the first sublevel, the second sublevel, the third sublevel, and the lower ore drawing and transportation middle section; ( Figure 1 )。

[0055] The heights of the upper ore drawing and transportation middle section and the lower ore drawing and transportation middle section of the ore body are 45 - 60 m. The heights of the three sublevels are 12 - 14 m. The ore body between the third sublevel and the ore drawing and transportation middle section is reserved as the sill pillar, and the height of the sill pillar 17 is 7 - 8 m; the sill pillar 17 becomes the top pillar 16 during the mining of the lower middle section.

[0056] The length of the cut-through drift 8 in the first sublevel is 10 - 12 m; the length of the cut-through drift 8 in the second sublevel is 12 - 14 m; the length of the cut-through drift 8 in the third sublevel is 8 - 10 m.

[0057] The upper ore-drawing and transportation level is located at the top of the ore chamber. After all the ore chambers at this level have been mined out and the mining is transferred to the next level, the upper ore-drawing and transportation level is converted into a backfill level. In the upper ore-drawing and transportation level, a backfill roadway 10, a panel backfill connection roadway 11, a panel backfill pedestrian shaft connecting roadway 20, and a panel backfill pedestrian shaft 21 are arranged. The crown pillar 16 of the ore chamber is reserved in the upper ore-drawing and transportation level and is not mined temporarily. The backfill roadway 10 of this level and the long cable bolts 33 of the roof-protecting mortar are constructed. The upper-level transportation cross-cut 32 in the intermediate pillar of the backfill level is connected to each backfill roadway 10 to facilitate the layout of the backfill pipeline and the transportation of backfill materials. The panel backfill connection roadway 11 is arranged on the hanging wall side to facilitate the layout of the backfill pipeline and the transportation of backfill materials when mining the panel intermediate pillar 30. The upper-level hanging wall along-strike transportation roadway 15 serves as the backfill roadway for each mining unit of the fourth part of the ore chamber.

[0058] Three sublevels are arranged between the upper ore-drawing and transportation level and the lower ore-drawing and transportation level, namely the first sublevel, the second sublevel, and the third sublevel. In these three sublevels, mining preparatory works such as the panel hanging wall connection roadway 5, the drilling roadway 7, the cut-off shaft ear roadway 8, the cut-off shaft 9, the panel sublevel backfill roadway 13, the sublevel panel connection roadway 14, and the ore pass connection roadway 19 are arranged. When mining the ore chamber, upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes 12 are constructed in the drilling roadway 7 and the first sublevel panel drilling drift 23. The upper ore-drawing and transportation level and the lower ore-drawing and transportation level are connected to the sublevels by ramps 4 and ramp connection roadways 36. The ramps 4 and the panel hanging wall connection roadways 5 are arranged outside the rock movement angle 6. At a stable position of the ore and rock near the hanging wall side of the ore body, a panel backfill pedestrian shaft 21 is designed in the panel intermediate pillar 30 of the panel. The panel backfill pedestrian shaft 21 is connected to the sublevel panel connection roadways 14 of the three sublevels and the panel backfill connection roadway 11 of the level. The function of the panel backfill pedestrian shaft 21 is for personnel access, serving as a safety exit to meet the requirements of the regulations, laying backfill pipelines to meet the backfill requirements. Additionally, it is used for ventilation during the mining preparatory works and later mining of the ore block. Fresh air flows into the intermediate-level cross-heading, and then enters each sublevel tunneling face or stope through the ramp 4. The polluted air flows along the panel hanging wall connection roadway 5, enters the panel backfill connection roadway 11 of the upper ore-drawing and transportation level through the panel backfill pedestrian shaft 21, and then enters the main return airway through the end return airway of the upper ore-drawing and transportation level, and finally is discharged to the surface. Figure 1)。On the hanging wall of each sectional ore body, the sectional panel hanging wall access drift 5 is arranged along the ore body strike. The sectional panel hanging wall access drift 5 is arranged outside the rock movement angle 6 of the last stope on the hanging wall side (serial number ⑥ in the VII-VII section). The sectional sedimentation drift 3, panel distribution chamber 28, air and water pipelines and power supply facilities are arranged in the sectional panel hanging wall access drift 5 to provide air, water and electricity for the mining and cutting works, longhole drilling, secondary fragmentation and ore drawing. The sectional panel access drift 14 is arranged in the panel pillar 30. The sectional panel access drift 14 is connected with the sectional drilling drift 7, panel sectional backfill drift 13, ore pass 18 and panel backfill and pedestrian shaft 21 to meet the requirements of ventilation, pedestrian access, ore drawing and backfilling in the panel ( Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 ). Among them, the first and second sectional drilling drifts 7 of the 8 stoping units in stope ① (serial number ① in the VII-VII section) are arranged at the hanging wall boundary of the ore body. Among them, the distance between the first sectional drilling drift 7 of each stoping unit arranged along the ore body strike in stopes ②-⑥ (serial numbers ②-⑥ in the VII-VII section) and the stoping boundary 35 of the adjacent stoping unit is 8.5 m; the distance between the second sectional drilling drift 7 and the stoping boundary of the adjacent stoping unit is 7.5 m; the distance between the third sectional drilling drift 7 and the stoping boundary of the adjacent stoping unit is 4.5 m.

[0059] The lower ore drawing and haulage level is located below the third section, with a vertical distance of 7-8 m. The ore pass 18 is constructed from the lower ore drawing and haulage level to the first, second and third sections. After laying tracks and overhead lines on the hanging wall crosscut haulage drift 1, footwall crosscut haulage drift 2 and crosscut 29 in the lower ore drawing and haulage level, the ore cars are towed by the electric locomotive from the ore pass and fed with ore through the ore discharging machine; the ore body between the floor of the lower ore drawing and haulage level and the floor of the third section is used as the panel sill 17. The hanging wall crosscut haulage drift 1, footwall crosscut haulage drift 2, crosscut of the haulage level 29 and ore pass chamber are arranged in the lower ore drawing and haulage level. Six ore passes 18 are arranged in each crosscut of the haulage level 29, and one vibrating ore discharging machine is installed at the lower part of each ore pass for use in mucking during the construction of the mining and cutting works and ore drawing in the stope. The ore drawing and haulage level is connected with the first, second and third sections and the backfill level by the ramp 4, which is convenient for the access and dispatching of equipment and personnel and also serves as a safety exit ( Figure 1 ). And there is a first and second part stoping demarcation line 37 during the panel pillar stoping.

[0060] The panel is arranged along the strike of the ore body. Each panel is 120 - 145 m long. The stoping units and the panel pillar 30 are arranged along the strike of the ore body. The panel pillar is 23 - 25 m long. The ore rooms on both sides of the panel pillar are 97 - 120 m long. The ore rooms on both sides of the panel pillar are divided into 6 ore rooms from the footwall to the hanging wall of the ore body (serial numbers ① - ⑥ in the VII - VII section). The stoping units arranged in the ore rooms ① - ⑥ are mined from both sides of the panel towards the middle of the panel pillar, and mined from the footwall to the hanging wall direction. The ore rooms on both sides of the panel pillar are planned to be divided into 28 stoping units in total. The stoping units adopt the method of sublevel drilling and blasting with stage ore drawing; the width of the stoping unit is 13 - 15 m, and the length is 25 - 32 m. After ore drawing, cemented filling is carried out. After the filling is completed, the construction of upward fan-shaped long holes for the adjacent stoping unit is arranged. After the filling body is cured for 28 days and the strength reaches the design requirements, blasting and stoping are carried out. In the panel pillar 30, sublevel panel access drifts 14, ore passes 18, panel filling and pedestrian shafts 21, and the lower - level footwall drift 34 in the upper level are arranged, which are mainly used for the forklift to enter each drilling drift 7 from the panel access drift 14 to draw ore from the side of each stoping unit, increasing the ore - drawing points and improving the ore - drawing efficiency; the first - part ore room in the footwall (serial number ① in the VII - VII section) is divided into 8 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. Each stoping unit arranges the panel drilling heading 23 perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. 4 stoping units are arranged on each side of the panel pillar. The serial numbers from the far end of the panel pillar to the panel pillar direction are 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively. The serial number of the stoping unit is named as panel number - ore room number - east 1 (or west 1) stoping unit; the second to sixth - part ore rooms (serial numbers ② - ⑥ in the VII - VII section) are each divided into 4 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. Each stoping unit arranges the drilling drift 7 along the strike of the ore body, 2 on each side of the panel pillar. The serial numbers from the far end of the panel pillar to the panel pillar direction are 1, 2 respectively. The serial number of the stoping unit is named as panel number - ore room number - east 1 (or west 1) stoping unit; the stoping units arranged in the ore rooms ① - ⑥ are mined from both sides of the panel towards the middle of the panel pillar, and mined from the footwall to the hanging wall direction. The ore rooms on both sides of the panel pillar are planned to be divided into 28 stoping units in total. The stoping units adopt the method of sublevel drilling and blasting with stage ore drawing; cutting shafts and panel cutting headings are arranged at the ends of each sublevel stoping unit. After forming a free face, step - by - step blasting and stoping are carried out towards the panel pillar direction ( Figure 5 , Figure 6 ).

[0061] In the panel area, ore rooms are arranged on both sides of the panel intermediate pillars. The ore body is divided into six parts of ore rooms from the footwall to the hanging wall. The first part of the ore room (serial number ① in the VII-VII section) is further divided into 8 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. In each stoping unit, a panel drilling drift 23 is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The first and second slices are involved in stoping. The height of the stoping unit is 26 m, the length is 28 - 35 m, and the width is 11 - 13 m. The second to fourth parts of the ore rooms (serial numbers ② - ④ in the VII-VII section) are each further divided into 4 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. In each stoping unit, a drilling drift 7 is arranged along the strike of the ore body. The first, second, and third slices are all involved in stoping. The height of the stoping unit is 38 m, the length is 23 - 25 m, and the width is 13 - 15 m. The fifth part of the ore room (serial number ⑤ in the VII-VII section) is further divided into 4 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. In each stoping unit, a drilling drift 7 is arranged along the strike of the ore body. The second and third slices are involved in stoping. The height of the stoping unit is 24 m, the length is 23 - 25 m, and the width is 13 - 15 m. The sixth part of the ore room (serial number ⑥ in the VII-VII section) is further divided into 4 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. In each stoping unit, a drilling drift 7 is arranged along the strike of the ore body. Only the third slice is involved in stoping. The height of the stoping unit is 15 - 17 m, the length is 23 - 25 m, and the width is 13 - 15 m.

[0062] The ore rooms on both sides of the panel intermediate pillars are divided into 6 ore rooms (serial numbers ① - ⑥ in the VII-VII section) from the footwall of the ore body to the hanging wall. The first part of the ore room on the footwall side (ore room No. ① in the VII-VII section) is further divided into 8 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. In each stoping unit, a panel drilling drift 23 is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. 4 stoping units are arranged on each side of the panel intermediate pillar. The serial numbers from the far end of the panel intermediate pillar to the panel intermediate pillar are 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively. The serial number of the stoping unit is named as panel number - ore room number - east 1 (or west 1) stoping unit. The second to sixth parts of the ore rooms (serial numbers ② - ⑥ in the VII-VII section) are each further divided into 4 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. In each stoping unit, a drilling drift 7 is arranged along the strike of the ore body. 2 stoping units are arranged on each side of the panel intermediate pillar. The serial numbers from the far end of the panel intermediate pillar to the panel intermediate pillar are 1, 2 respectively. The serial number of the stoping unit is named as panel number - ore room number - east 1 (or west 1) stoping unit. The stoping units arranged in the ore rooms ① - ⑥ are all mined from both sides of the panel to the middle of the panel intermediate pillar, and from the footwall to the hanging wall. A total of 28 stoping units are planned for the ore rooms on both sides of the panel intermediate pillar. After all the stoping units on both sides of the panel intermediate pillar are mined out, the panel intermediate pillar is recovered. The panel intermediate pillar is divided into 7 stoping units (serial numbers Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ in the I-I section, Ⅵ, Ⅶ in the III-III section) from the footwall to the hanging wall in sequence. In each stoping unit, a drilling drift 7 is arranged along the strike of the ore body. A total of 7 stoping units are arranged for the panel intermediate pillar 30. Each panel is planned to be divided into 35 stoping units in total.

[0063] The bottom sectional drilling roadway 7 of each stoping unit is connected by multiple panel ore-drawing accesses 24. The distance between the centerlines of adjacent panel ore-drawing accesses 24 within the same stoping unit is 8 - 9 meters, which facilitates the later multi-point ore drawing by loaders from each panel ore-drawing access 24 and the drilling roadway 7, and improves the ore recovery rate.

[0064] For long-hole caving, upward fan-shaped long holes 12 are arranged. Upward fan-shaped long holes 12 are constructed in each section, and the height between sections is 12 - 14m. The drilling and blasting roadways are distributed in the first section, the second section, the third section, the sectional drilling roadway 7, the cut-through shaft roadway 8, the panel drilling access 23, the panel ore-drawing access 24, the panel cutting access 25, and the orebody boundary line 26. The shape of the roof of the goaf of each stoping unit is designed as a trapezoid in the long-axis direction, making full use of the flow range and fluid gradient of the filling slurry, which is convenient for improving the filling capping rate during later filling. The short-axis direction is designed as an arch, taking advantage of the good stress structure of the arched roadway, and mortar long cable bolt support measures are taken to ensure the safety and stability of the goaf roof after stoping.( Figure 1 、 Figure 6 )。

[0065] The sectional drilling and blasting stage ore-drawing method is adopted. In each stoping unit in the first part of the ore chamber (serial number ① in the VII-VII section), the sectional drilling and blasting stage ore-drawing method is used. In the first section, auxiliary drilling and blasting are carried out, and the ore-drawing ratio is 30% - 40%. The remaining part is left to the second section, and centralized ore-drawing is carried out from the drilling roadway 1 in the second section. In each stoping unit in the second to sixth parts of the ore chamber (serial numbers ② - ⑥ in the VII-VII section), the sectional drilling and blasting stage ore-drawing method is used. In the first section and the second section, auxiliary drilling and blasting are carried out, and the ore-drawing ratio is 30% - 40%. A bottom ore-drawing structure is arranged in the third section for centralized ore-drawing, and most of the remaining ore is left to the third section. When each stoping unit is mined, in the first, second, and third sections, the cut-through shaft 9 is formed by successive blasting using the one-pass raise boring blasting technology. Then, taking the cut-through shaft 9 as the blasting free face, presplitting blasting is carried out. When the presplitting reaches the mining width of the stoping unit, the positive row of upward fan-shaped long holes 12 are blasted step by step. After the upper section is 2 steps ahead of the lower section, on the premise that the one-pass raise boring blasting in the lower section does not affect the mining of the upper section, the one-pass raise boring blasting and subsequent presplitting blasting can be arranged in the lower section. When the positive row of upward fan-shaped long holes 12 are blasted step by step, the upper section should be 2 steps ahead of the lower section( Figure 7 )。

[0066] In the ore chambers ② - ⑥ (serial numbers ② - ⑥ in the VII-VII section), the third-section drilling roadway 7 of each stoping unit is connected by multiple panel ore-drawing accesses 24. The distance between the centerlines of adjacent panel ore-drawing accesses 24 is 8 - 9 meters, which facilitates the later multi-point ore drawing by loaders from each panel ore-drawing access 24 and the drilling roadway 7, recovering the ore in the ore chamber completely, and improving the ore recovery rate( Figure 2) After all the ore in the stoping unit has been mined, the goaf is filled by laying a filling pipeline using the filling roadway 10 and the in-vein haulage roadway 15 in the upper level. Figure 4 ) Considering that the lengths of the 8 stoping units on both sides of the stope pillar between the ore rooms in the lower wall roadway are relatively long, in order to improve the capping rate, two filling roadways are arranged along the strike of the ore body.

[0067] After each blasting in the stoping unit, according to the size of the goaf and the amount of blasted ore, the ore is drawn out at a certain ratio to prevent over-drawing and ensure that the caved ore can form a squeeze blast, reduce large pieces in the stope, and reduce the disturbance to the roof and side walls of the goaf. After all the upward fan-shaped longholes 12 in each section of a stoping unit have been blasted, for each stoping unit in the first part of the ore room (serial number ① in the VII-VII section), the ore-drawing sequence should be well controlled. After the residual ore in the first-section drifts has been recovered, the ore is then drawn out from the second-section drifts 7 and the panel cut-through drifts 24. For each stoping unit in the second to sixth parts of the ore room (serial numbers ②-⑥ in the VII-VII section), the ore can be drawn out from the third-section drifts 7 and the panel ore-drawing drifts 24 until all the caved ore has been drawn out.

[0068] After all the ore in the stoping unit has been completely recovered, the last step of the stoping operation, filling, begins: a filling dam is constructed at the positions where the drifts 7 in the first, second, and third sections, the panel drilling drifts 23, the panel ore-drawing drifts 24, the panel cut-through drifts 25 in the panel and the goaf are connected, to enclose the entire goaf and conduct tailings cemented filling. When filling, the filling pipeline is laid using the filling roadway 10 arranged on the roof of the stoping unit. The filling ash-sand ratio is 1:8, and the filling height is up to 2 meters above the floor of the filling roadway 10. After filling, the filling body is cured for 28 days, and the strength of the filling body is required to be not less than 2.5 Mpa. Then, the adjacent stoping unit can be mined to enter the next stoping and filling cycle.

[0069] After all the mining units on both sides of the inter-panel pillar 30 have been mined out, the top pillar 16 is mined according to the drift method. The remaining inter-panel pillar 30 is then arranged with mining units along the strike of the ore body. It is divided into 7 mining units from the footwall to the hanging wall. A drifting roadway is arranged along the strike of the ore body in each mining unit. The drifting roadway 38 constructed during the later recovery of the inter-panel pillar in the I-I section and the ore-drawing drift 31 constructed for the recovery of the inter-panel pillar in the III-III section need to be constructed again during the recovery of the inter-panel pillar to prevent the roadway from being idle for too long in advance, which may cause the roadway to deform and collapse. Fan-shaped long holes 22 for recovering the inter-panel pillar are arranged in the drifting roadway 38. During mining, the cut shaft 9 and the cut shaft ear roadway 8 are used for slotting blasting. After forming a free face, blasting mining is carried out step by step. Ore is drawn from multiple points of the sectional panel access roadway and the ore-drawing drift 31 constructed for the recovery of the inter-panel pillar to improve the ore-drawing efficiency and the recovery rate. The 7 mining units in the inter-panel pillar are recovered one by one from the footwall to the hanging wall until the inter-panel pillar 30 is completely recovered. The remaining bottom pillar 17 is used as the top pillar 16 for the next mining section, and the next mining section is entered.

[0070] The mining method of the present invention adopts the mining sequence of mining from the footwall of the ore body to the hanging wall of the ore body, that is, the reverse mining sequence, to mine the ore body. All the development engineering is arranged in the ore body, in the stable II-1 ore body on the hanging wall of the ore body, or at the boundary between the ore body and the footwall. The main advantages are as follows:

[0071] (1) The rock in the driving construction part of the development and cutting engineering is stable, ensuring the safety of construction and saving the maintenance cost of the roadway; the construction part is mineralized surrounding rock and by-products, reducing the waste rock output and improving the economic benefit;

[0072] (2) It is designed to start mining from the first part of the ore room where the footwall floor surrounding rock of the ore body is unstable, and gradually mine towards the direction where the hanging wall roof of the ore body is stable, ensuring that the roadway in the unstable surrounding rock section can be mined in time, avoiding the secondary maintenance cost of the roadway and improving the safety of mining;

[0073] (3) All the permanent engineering such as the upper panel roadway access roadway, ramp, panel filling and pedestrian shaft in each sectional panel are arranged on the upper panel, outside the moving angle of the ore on the hanging wall of the last ore room (serial number ⑥ in the VII-VII section), ensuring that the permanent engineering is not affected by mining.

[0074] (4) The shape of the roof of the mined-out area of the mining unit is designed as a trapezoid, making use of the good stress structure of the arched roadway, and adopting the measure of long mortar cable bolts for roof support to ensure the safety and stability of the roof of the mined-out area after mining.

[0075] (5) A total of 6 ore rooms and 28 mining units are arranged on both sides of the inter-panel pillar. Multiple mining units in the panel can be mined simultaneously, improving the production efficiency of the panel. After the mining units on both sides of the inter-panel pillar are mined out, the inter-panel pillar is mined, improving the safety of mining, the ore-drawing efficiency and the recovery rate.

[0076] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be equally included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A panel-type sublevel caving with subsequent filling mining method, characterized in that, the level height is 45 - 60 m, the panel is arranged along the strike of the ore body, with a length of 120 - 145 m. Among them, the panel intermediate pillar is 23 - 25 m long, and the ore rooms on both sides are 97 - 120 m long. The panel width is the horizontal thickness of the ore body. Three sublevels and two levels are set between the ore bodies at every vertical height interval of 45 - 60 m: from top to bottom are the upper ore drawing and transportation level, the first sublevel, the second sublevel, the third sublevel, and the lower ore drawing and transportation level; wherein the upper ore drawing and transportation level is located at the top of the ore room. After all the ore rooms in the level are mined out and transferred to the next level for mining, the upper ore drawing and transportation level is converted into a filling level. A filling roadway (10), a panel filling connection roadway (11), a panel filling pedestrian well connection roadway (20), and a panel filling pedestrian well (21) are arranged in the upper ore drawing and transportation level. A top pillar (16) of the ore room is reserved in the upper ore drawing and transportation level and is not mined temporarily. The filling roadway (10) of this level, the long cable bolt with protective roof mortar (33), and the upper level transportation crosscut (32) in the intermediate pillar of the filling level are constructed to connect each filling roadway (10) to facilitate the layout of the filling pipeline and the transportation of the filling material; a panel filling connection roadway (11) is arranged on the hanging wall side to facilitate the layout of the filling pipeline and the transportation of the filling material when mining the panel intermediate pillar (30); Three sublevels are arranged between the upper ore drawing and transportation level and the lower ore drawing and transportation level, namely the first sublevel, the second sublevel, and the third sublevel. A sublevel panel hanging wall connection roadway (5), a drilling roadway (7), a cut shaft ear roadway (8), a cut shaft (9), a sublevel panel filling roadway (13), a sublevel panel connection roadway (14), and a raise connection roadway (19) are arranged in the sublevel. When mining the ore room, upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes (12) are constructed in the drilling roadway (7) and the first sublevel panel drilling heading (23). The upper ore drawing and transportation level and the lower ore drawing and transportation level are connected to the sublevel by ramps (4). The ramps (4) and the sublevel panel hanging wall connection roadway (5) are arranged outside the rock movement angle (6) at a position close to the stable hanging wall side ore rock of the ore body; The lower ore drawing and transportation level is located 7 - 8 m below the third sublevel. A raise (18) is constructed from the lower ore drawing and transportation level to the first sublevel, the second sublevel, and the third sublevel. Rails and overhead lines are laid in the hanging wall longitudinal haulage roadway (1), the footwall longitudinal haulage roadway (2), and the crosscut (29) of the lower ore drawing and transportation level. Then, the ore cars are towed by a locomotive and fed through a ore pass machine from the raise to transport the ore; the ore body between the floor of the lower ore drawing and transportation level and the floor of the third sublevel serves as the panel sill pillar (17).

2. The panel-type sublevel caving with subsequent filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the strike of the ore body, the cross-heading on the hanging wall of the sublevel panel (5) is arranged on the hanging wall of the ore body in the first, second, and third sublevels, outside the rock movement angle (6) of the last stoping unit on the hanging wall side; in the cross-heading on the hanging wall of the sublevel panel (5), the sublevel sediment drift (3), the panel distribution chamber (28), the air and water pipelines, and the power supply facilities are arranged. The cross-heading connecting the sublevel panels (14) is arranged in the panel interval pillar (30). The cross-heading connecting the sublevel panels (14) is connected to the sublevel drilling drift (7), the panel sublevel backfill drift (13), the ore pass (18), and the panel backfill and personnel shaft (21). A panel backfill and personnel shaft (21) is designed in the panel interval pillar (30) of the panel. The panel backfill and personnel shaft (21) is connected to the cross-heading connecting the sublevel panels (14) of the three sublevels. The panel backfill and personnel shaft (21) is connected to the panel backfill connecting drift (11) in the upper ore drawing and transportation level through the panel backfill and personnel shaft connecting drift (20). Fresh air flows into the sublevel tunneling face or stope through the ramp (4). The polluted air enters the panel backfill connecting drift (11) in the upper ore drawing and transportation level through the panel backfill and personnel shaft (21) along the cross-heading on the hanging wall of the sublevel panel (5), and then enters the main return airway through the end return airway in the upper ore drawing and transportation level, and finally is discharged to the surface.

3. The panel sublevel drilling and stage ore drawing and subsequent filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The panel is arranged along the strike of the ore body. Each panel is 120 - 145 m in length. Among them, the panel pillar is 23 - 25 m long, and the ore rooms on both sides of the panel pillar are 97 - 120 m long. The ore rooms on both sides of the panel pillar are divided into 6 ore rooms from the footwall to the hanging wall of the ore body. The first part of the ore room on the footwall side is further divided into 8 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. In each stoping unit, a panel drilling drift (23) is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. There are 4 stoping units arranged on each side of the panel pillar. The serial numbers from the far end of the panel pillar to the panel pillar direction are 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. The serial number of the stoping unit is named as panel number - ore room number - east 1 or west 1 stoping unit; Each of the second to sixth parts of the ore room is further divided into 4 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. In each stoping unit, a drilling drift (7) is arranged along the strike of the ore body. There are 2 on each side of the panel pillar. The serial numbers from the far end of the panel pillar to the panel pillar direction are 1 and 2 respectively. The serial number of the stoping unit is named as panel number - ore room number - east 1 or west 1 stoping unit; The stoping units arranged in the 6 ore rooms are mined from both sides of the panel to the middle of the panel pillar, and mined from the footwall to the hanging wall direction. The ore rooms on both sides of the panel pillar are planned to be divided into 28 stoping units in total. The stoping unit adopts the method of sectional drilling and blasting with staged ore drawing; The width of the stoping unit is 13 - 15 m, and the length is 25 - 32 m. After ore drawing, cemented filling is carried out. After the filling is completed, the construction of upward fan-shaped long holes (12) in the adjacent stoping unit is arranged. After the filling body is cured for 28 days and the strength reaches the design requirements, blasting and stoping are carried out. The stoping units on both sides of the panel pillar (30) are continuously mined. In the panel pillar (30), sectional panel connecting roads (14), ore passes (18), and panel filling and pedestrian shafts (21) are arranged, which are mainly used for the forklift to enter each drilling drift (7) from the panel connecting road (14) to draw ore from the side of each stoping unit, increasing the ore drawing points and improving the ore drawing efficiency; The first part of the ore room on the footwall side is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. A cut - through raise (9) and a cut - through raise ear drift (8) are arranged at the footwall of the first and second sections of the ore body. When the stoping unit is mined, cut - through raise (9) and cut - through raise ear drift (8) are used for slotting blasting from the footwall direction of the ore body. After forming a free face, blasting and stoping are carried out step - by - step towards the hanging wall direction; The second to sixth parts of the ore room are arranged along the strike of the ore body. A cut - through raise (9) and a panel cut - through drift (25) are arranged at the end of each sectional stoping unit. When mining, cut - through raise (9) and panel cut - through drift (25) are used for slotting blasting. After forming a free face, blasting and stoping are carried out step - by - step towards the panel pillar (30). For the longhole ore drawing, upward fan-shaped longholes (12) are arranged. The rock drilling and blasting roadways are distributed in the first, second, and third bench rock drilling headings (7), cut shaft side headings (8), panel rock drilling headings (23), panel ore drawing headings (24), and panel cutting headings (25). In each mining unit of the first part of the ore room, the bench rock drilling and blasting method with stage ore drawing is adopted. In the first bench, auxiliary rock drilling and blasting are carried out, and the ore drawing ratio is 30%-40%. The remaining part is left until the second bench, and the ore is drawn centrally from the first rock drilling heading of the second bench. In each mining unit of the second to sixth parts of the ore room, the bench rock drilling and blasting method with stage ore drawing is adopted, and a bottom ore drawing structure is arranged in the third bench for centralized ore drawing. The third bench rock drilling headings (7) of the mining units of the second to sixth parts of the ore room are connected through multiple panel ore drawing headings (24). The distance between the centerlines of adjacent panel ore drawing headings (24) is 8-9 m, which is convenient for the later forklift to draw ore from multiple points of each panel ore drawing heading (24) and rock drilling heading (7), so as to recover all the ore in the ore room and improve the ore recovery rate. After all the ore in the mining unit is mined, the goaf is filled by laying filling pipelines using the filling roadway (10) arranged at the top of the mining unit and the in-vein haulage roadway (15) in the upper middle section. Considering that the 8 mining units on both sides of the panel pillar in the first part of the ore room in the footwall roadway are relatively long, in order to improve the capping rate, two filling roadways are arranged along the strike of the ore body.

4. The panel bench rock drilling stage ore drawing subsequent filling mining method according to claim 3, characterized in that when each mining unit is mined, first, the cut shaft (9) is formed by blasting section by section using the one-pass raise boring blasting technology in the first, second, and third benches, and then the cut is blasted with the cut shaft (9) as the blasting free face. When the cut reaches the mining width, the positive row upward fan-shaped longholes (12) are blasted step by step. After the upper bench is 2 steps ahead of the lower bench, on the premise that the one-pass raise boring blasting in the lower bench does not affect the mining of the upper bench, the one-pass raise boring blasting and subsequent cut blasting can be arranged in the lower bench. When the positive row upward fan-shaped longholes (12) are blasted step by step, the upper bench should be 2 steps ahead of the lower bench; after each step of blasting in the mining unit is completed, according to the size of the goaf and the ore amount caved in each step, the ore is drawn at a certain ratio to prevent over-drawing and ensure that the caved ore can form an extrusion blast, reduce large lumps in the stope, and reduce the disturbance to the goaf roof and side walls. After all the upward fan-shaped longholes (12) in each bench of a mining unit are blasted, for the mining units in the first part of the ore room on the lower side of the footwall, the ore drawing sequence should be well controlled. After the residual ore in the first bench rock drilling heading (7) is recovered, the ore drawing from the second bench rock drilling heading (7) and the panel ore drawing heading (24) is arranged. Since the mining units of the second to sixth parts of the ore room are arranged along the strike of the ore body, the ore can be drawn from the third bench rock drilling heading (7) and the panel ore drawing heading (24) until all the caved ore is drawn out. After all the ore in the equal stoping units is completely recovered, the last step of stoping, namely the filling operation, begins: Construct a filling retaining wall at the position where the drilling headings (7), panel drilling headings (23), panel ore-drawing headings (24), panel cutting headings (25) in the first, second, and third sublevels are connected to the goaf, enclose the entire goaf, and conduct tailings cemented filling. When filling, use the filling roadway (10) arranged on the roof of the stoping unit to lay the filling pipeline. The filling ash-sand ratio is 1:8, and the filling height is up to 2 meters above the bottom plate of the filling roadway (10). After the filling is completed, cure the filling body for 28 days. It is required that the strength of the filling body is not less than 2.5 Mpa, then the adjacent stoping unit can be mined, and the next mining and filling cycle can be entered; After all the ore rooms on both sides of the panel interval pillar (30) are completely mined, start mining the top pillar (16) according to the heading method. After the top pillar is mined, divide the reserved panel interval pillar (30) into 7 stoping units in sequence from the footwall to the hanging wall. Each stoping unit arranges a drilling heading along the strike of the ore body. The drilling heading (38) constructed during the later recovery of the panel interval pillar and the ore-drawing heading (31) required for recovering the panel interval pillar need to be constructed during the recovery of the panel interval pillar to prevent the roadway from being idle for too long in advance, resulting in roadway deformation and collapse. Arrange fan-shaped long holes (22) for recovering the panel interval pillar in the drilling heading (38). During stoping, use the cutting shaft (9) and the cut-off shaft ear heading (8) for presplitting blasting. After forming a free face, conduct blasting stoping step by step. Draw ore from multiple points at the sublevel panel connection roadway and the ore-drawing heading (31) constructed for recovering the panel interval pillar to improve the ore-drawing efficiency and stoping rate. The 7 stoping units in the panel interval pillar are recovered one by one from the footwall to the hanging wall direction until the entire panel interval pillar (30) is mined. The remaining bottom pillar (17) serves as the top pillar (16) for the next sublevel mining, and enter the next mining sublevel.

5. The panel sublevel drilling and stage ore-drawing subsequent filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the height of the upper ore-drawing and haulage sublevel and the lower ore-drawing and haulage sublevel of the ore body is 45 - 60 m, the height of the 3 sublevels is 12 - 14 m, the ore body between the third sublevel and the ore-drawing and haulage sublevel is reserved as the bottom pillar, and the height of the bottom pillar (17) is 7 - 8 m; the bottom pillar (17) becomes the top pillar (16) during the mining of the next sublevel.

6. The panel sublevel drilling and stage ore-drawing subsequent filling mining method according to claim 4, characterized in that, the length of the cut-off shaft ear heading (8) in the first sublevel is 10 - 12 m; the length of the cut-off shaft ear heading (8) in the second sublevel is 12 - 14 m; the length of the cut-off shaft ear heading (8) in the third sublevel is 8 - 10 m.

7. The panel sublevel drilling and stage ore-drawing subsequent filling mining method according to claim 6, characterized in that, For the first section of the stope, the first and second sub - level drifts (7) of the 8 stoping units are arranged at the footwall boundary of the ore body; for the second to sixth sections of the stope, the first sub - level drift (7) of each stoping unit arranged along the strike of the ore body is 8.5 m away from the stoping boundary of the adjacent stoping unit; the second sub - level drift (7) is 7.5 m away from the stoping boundary of the adjacent stoping unit; and the third sub - level drift (7) is 4.5 m away from the stoping boundary of the adjacent stoping unit.

8. The panel - type sublevel drilling and stage ore drawing with subsequent backfilling mining method according to claim 7, characterized in that, in the panel, stopes are arranged on both sides of the panel - pillar. The ore body is divided into six sections of stopes from the footwall to the hanging wall. The first section of the stope is further divided into 8 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. For each stoping unit, a panel - type drilling drift (23) is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The first and second sub - levels participate in stoping. The height of the stoping unit is 26 m, the length is 28 - 35 m, and the width is 11 - 13 m; the second to fourth sections of the stope are each further divided into 4 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. For each stoping unit, a drift (7) is arranged along the strike of the ore body. The first, second, and third sub - levels all participate in stoping. The height of the stoping unit is 38 m, the length is 23 - 25 m, and the width is 13 - 15 m; the fifth section of the stope is further divided into 4 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. For each stoping unit, a drift (7) is arranged along the strike of the ore body. The second and third sub - levels participate in stoping. The height of the stoping unit is 24 m, the length is 23 - 25 m, and the width is 13 - 15 m; the sixth section of the stope is further divided into 4 stoping units along the strike of the ore body. For each stoping unit, a drift (7) is arranged along the strike of the ore body. Only the third sub - level participates in stoping. The height of the stoping unit is 15 - 17 m, the length is 23 - 25 m, and the width is 13 - 15 m.

9. The panel - type sublevel drilling and stage ore drawing with subsequent backfilling mining method according to claim 8, characterized in that, after all the stoping units on both sides of the panel - pillar are stoped, the panel - pillar is recovered. The panel - pillar is divided into 7 stoping units from the footwall to the hanging wall in sequence. For each stoping unit, a drift (7) is arranged along the strike of the ore body. There are 7 stoping units in total for the panel - pillar (30), and each panel is divided into 35 stoping units in total.

10. The panel - type sublevel drilling and stage ore drawing with subsequent backfilling mining method according to claim 9, characterized in that, the bottom - level drifts (7) of each stoping unit are connected by multiple panel - type ore - drawing drifts (24). The distance between the centerlines of adjacent panel - type ore - drawing drifts (24) within the same stoping unit is 8 - 9 m, which is convenient for the later - stage forklift to draw ore from multiple points of each panel - type ore - drawing drift (24) and drift (7), improving the ore recovery rate.

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