Design method and apparatus for power amplifiers

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a design method and device for a power amplifier. The method comprises: obtaining an actual impedance of a transistor of the power amplifier; performing impedance extraction on the transistor to determine an extracted impedance of the power amplifier; determining a loss function of the power amplifier according to the actual impedance and the extracted impedance; adjusting a function value of the loss function to determine a target frequency at which the actual impedance and the extracted impedance are matched with each other; determining a preset termination condition of a derivative particle swarm optimization algorithm according to the target frequency; in a case where a search number of the derivative particle swarm optimization algorithm meets a preset derivative condition but information of a matching network does not meet the preset termination condition, deriving a new matching network and re-determining the information of the matching network according to the preset termination condition through the derivative particle swarm optimization algorithm; and in a case where the information of the matching network meets the preset termination condition, designing the power amplifier according to the information of the matching network that meets the preset termination condition.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of power amplifiers, and in particular to a design method and device for a power amplifier. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, due to the rapid iteration in the field of wireless communication, the indicators such as bandwidth, output power and efficiency of the power amplifier need to meet more complex requirements. Due to the increasing design requirements of the power amplifier, in the prior art, a designer with rich experience usually repeatedly debugs the power amplifier according to different indicators, and then completes the design of the power amplifier.

[0003] In the process of implementing the concept of the present disclosure, the inventors found that the process of debugging the indicators of the power amplifier is complicated in the related art, which leads to the problem of low design efficiency of the power amplifier. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present disclosure provides a design method, device, equipment, medium and program product for a power amplifier.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a design method for a power amplifier is provided, comprising: obtaining an actual impedance of a transistor of the power amplifier; performing impedance dragging on the transistor to determine a dragged impedance of the power amplifier, wherein the dragged impedance represents an optimal impedance that enables the power amplifier to achieve optimal output matching and optimal efficiency matching; determining a loss function of the power amplifier according to the actual impedance and the dragged impedance, wherein the loss function represents the difference between the actual impedance and the dragged impedance; adjusting the function value of the loss function to achieve the adjustment of the frequency parameters in the actual impedance and the dragged impedance, so as to determine a target frequency that enables the actual impedance and the dragged impedance to match each other; determining a preset termination condition of a derived particle swarm algorithm according to the target frequency, wherein the derived particle swarm algorithm is used to determine the information of a matching network of the power amplifier by searching, the matching network comprises at least one matching section, the matching section comprises a capacitor and an inductor, and the preset termination condition represents the information of the matching network that achieves the target frequency; in the case that the search number of the derived particle swarm algorithm meets a preset derivation condition, but the information of the matching network does not meet the preset termination condition, deriving a new matching section, and re-determining the information of the matching network according to the preset termination condition through the derived particle swarm algorithm, wherein the preset derivation condition represents a preset threshold of the search number that needs to be met for deriving the new matching section; and in the case that the information of the matching network meets the preset termination condition, designing the power amplifier according to the information of the matching network that meets the preset termination condition.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the case that the search number of the above-mentioned derivative particle swarm algorithm satisfies the preset derivative condition, but the information of the above-mentioned matching network does not satisfy the above-mentioned preset termination condition, a new matching section is derived, and the information of the matching network is determined again by the above-mentioned preset termination condition through the above-mentioned derivative particle swarm algorithm, comprising: in the case that the search number of the above-mentioned derivative particle swarm algorithm satisfies the preset derivative condition, and the parameters of the above-mentioned capacitors, the parameters of the above-mentioned inductors and the number of the above-mentioned matching sections in the above-mentioned matching network do not satisfy the preset termination condition, a new matching section is derived; after deriving the new matching section, the parameters of the capacitors and the parameters of the inductors of the above-mentioned matching network are searched again through the above-mentioned derivative particle swarm algorithm to obtain the parameters of the capacitors, the parameters of the inductors and the number of the matching sections that satisfy the above-mentioned preset termination condition.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the actual impedance includes the impedance of the input end and the impedance of the output end of the power amplifier, and the traction impedance includes the traction impedance of the input end and the traction impedance of the output end; the loss function of the power amplifier is determined according to the actual impedance and the traction impedance, comprising: the loss function of the input end is determined according to the impedance of the input end and the traction impedance of the input end, wherein the loss function of the input end represents the difference between the actual impedance and the traction impedance of the input end; and the loss function of the output end is determined according to the impedance of the output end and the traction impedance of the output end, wherein the loss function of the output end represents the difference between the actual impedance and the traction impedance of the output end.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the function value of the loss function is adjusted to realize the adjustment of the frequency parameter in the actual impedance, so as to determine the target frequency that matches the actual impedance and the traction impedance with each other, comprising: the function value of the loss function of the input end is adjusted to realize the adjustment of the frequency parameter in the impedance of the input end, so as to determine the target input end frequency that matches the impedance of the input end and the traction impedance of the input end with each other; the function value of the loss function of the output end is adjusted to realize the adjustment of the frequency parameter in the impedance of the output end, so as to determine the target output end frequency that matches the impedance of the output end and the traction impedance of the output end with each other; the target frequency that matches the input end impedance and the output end impedance with each other is determined according to the target input end frequency and the target output end frequency.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the loss function of the input end is determined according to the impedance of the input end and the traction impedance of the input end, comprising: the loss function of the input end is as follows:

[0010]

[0011] wherein, the C ΓS (ω) represents a loss function of the input end, ω represents a frequency parameter, and Z S (ω) represents an impedance of the input end, and represents a pulling impedance of the input end, and Z optS (ω) represents a loss function of the output end, ω represents a frequency parameter, and Z represents a conjugate of the

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the determining the loss function of the output end according to the impedance of the output end and the pulling impedance of the output end comprises: the loss function of the output end is as follows:

[0013]

[0014] wherein, the C ΓL (ω) represents a loss function of the output end, ω represents a frequency parameter, and Z L (ω) represents an impedance of the output end, and represents a pulling impedance of the output end, and Z optL (ω) represents a loss function of the output end, ω represents a frequency parameter, and Z represents a conjugate of the

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the design method for the power amplifier further comprises: adjusting the target frequency to reduce the difference between the actual impedance and the standard impedance, wherein the standard impedance represents a target impedance to be met by the actual impedance.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the determining the information of the matching network of the power amplifier through the search comprises: initializing parameters of the capacitance and parameters of the inductance in the matching network; updating the parameters of the capacitance and the parameters of the inductance according to a function value of the loss function, to obtain updated parameters of the capacitance and updated parameters of the inductance, wherein the updated parameters of the capacitance and the updated parameters of the inductance are the parameters of the capacitance and the parameters of the inductance that make the function value between the actual impedance and the pulling impedance minimum in the search; updating the actual impedance according to the updated parameters of the capacitance and the updated parameters of the inductance, to obtain an updated actual impedance, wherein the updated actual impedance is the actual impedance that makes the function value between the actual impedance and the pulling impedance minimum in the search; and completing the search process when the updated parameters of the capacitance, the updated parameters of the inductance and the updated actual impedance are obtained.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method for power amplifier design further comprises: re-determining the function value of the loss function in a case that the search number of the derivative particle swarm algorithm does not satisfy the preset derivative condition and the information of the matching network does not satisfy the preset termination condition; and re-performing the search process according to the re-determined function value of the loss function.

[0018] A second aspect of the present disclosure provides a design device for a power amplifier, comprising: an acquisition module configured to acquire an actual impedance of a transistor of the power amplifier; a first determination module configured to perform impedance pulling on the transistor to determine a pulled impedance of the power amplifier, wherein the pulled impedance represents an optimal impedance for the power amplifier to achieve optimal output matching and optimal efficiency matching; a second determination module configured to determine a loss function of the power amplifier according to the actual impedance and the pulled impedance, wherein the loss function represents a difference between the actual impedance and the pulled impedance; a first adjustment module configured to adjust a function value of the loss function to achieve adjustment of frequency parameters in the actual impedance and the pulled impedance, thereby determining a target frequency for matching the actual impedance and the pulled impedance with each other; a third determination module configured to determine a preset termination condition of a derivative particle swarm algorithm according to the target frequency, wherein the derivative particle swarm algorithm is used to determine information of a matching network of the power amplifier by searching, the matching network comprises at least one matching section, the matching section comprises a capacitor and an inductor, and the preset termination condition represents information of the matching network for achieving the target frequency; a derivation module configured to derive a new matching section in a case that the search number of the derivative particle swarm algorithm satisfies a preset derivative condition but the information of the matching network does not satisfy the preset termination condition, and re-determine the information of the matching network according to the preset termination condition by using the derivative particle swarm algorithm, wherein the preset derivative condition represents a preset threshold of the search number required for deriving the new matching section; and a design module configured to design the power amplifier according to the information of the matching network satisfying the preset termination condition.

[0019] According to the design method for the power amplifier provided by the present disclosure, the actual impedance of the transistor of the power amplifier is obtained, the impedance of the transistor is pulled, the pulled impedance of the power amplifier is determined, the loss function of the power amplifier is determined according to the actual impedance and the pulled impedance, the function value of the loss function is adjusted to realize the adjustment of the frequency parameters in the actual impedance and the pulled impedance, so as to determine the target frequency that matches the actual impedance and the pulled impedance with each other, the preset termination condition of the derived particle swarm algorithm is determined according to the target frequency, in the case that the search number of the derived particle swarm algorithm meets the preset derivation condition, but the information of the matching network does not meet the preset termination condition, a new matching section is derived, and the information of the matching network is determined again by the derived particle swarm algorithm according to the preset termination condition, and in the case that the information of the matching network meets the preset termination condition, the power amplifier is designed according to the information of the matching network that meets the preset termination condition. Since the loss function is determined according to the actual impedance and the pulled impedance, the function value of the loss function can be controlled to realize the control of the frequency parameters in the actual impedance and the pulled impedance, and the improved derived particle swarm algorithm is used to automatically derive a new matching section in the case that the information of the matching network does not meet the preset termination condition, the structure of the matching network is adjusted, the parameters of the capacitor and the parameters of the inductor in the matching network are determined again according to the preset termination condition, and then the power amplifier is designed according to the information of the matching network in the case that the information of the matching network meets the preset termination condition. Therefore, at least part of the technical problem that the power amplifier is designed by manually adjusting the matching network according to the frequency parameters is solved, the structure of the matching network and the parameters of the devices in the matching network are automatically adjusted, and then the power amplifier can be designed according to the matching network, so that the design efficiency is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments of the present disclosure, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0021] Figure 1 A flowchart of the design method for the power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0022] Fig. 2(a) schematically shows a source pulling diagram according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0023] Fig. 2(b) schematically shows a load pulling diagram according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the matching network architecture of the input end and the output end according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0025] Figure 4A schematic diagram of a power amplifier architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown schematically;

[0026] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a practical power amplifier architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown schematically;

[0027] Figure 6 A flowchart of a derivative particle swarm optimization algorithm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown schematically;

[0028] FIG. 7(a) shows a schematic diagram of simulated output power and efficiency of a power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] FIG. 7(b) shows a schematic diagram of tested output power and efficiency of a power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a correspondence between loss function and bandwidth according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown schematically;

[0031] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of simulated and tested small signal S-parameters of a power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown schematically;

[0032] Figure 10 A block diagram of a design apparatus for a power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown schematically. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood, however, the description is merely exemplary of the present disclosure, and therefore is not to be taken in a limiting sense. In the following detailed description of the embodiments, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present disclosure can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and functions have not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the present disclosure.

[0034] The terms used herein are merely used to describe specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. The terms "include" and "have" and the like used herein indicate the presence of the features, steps, operations and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations or components.

[0035] All terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with the context of the present description, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or excessively formal manner.

[0036] In the case of using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C", it will be understood that the meaning is that "only A", "only B", "only C", "at least one of A and B", "at least one of A and C", "at least one of B and C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "at least one of A, B, and C, and the like are included.

[0037] In the process of implementing the technical solutions of the present disclosure, the inventors found that the related art has the problem of low design efficiency of the power amplifier due to the complicated process of debugging the power amplifier. On this basis, the inventors found that designing a loss function of the power amplifier based on the conjugate idea can make the loss function represent the difference between the actual impedance and the pulled impedance, and then the difference between the actual impedance and the pulled impedance can be controlled by controlling the function value of the loss function, and the bandwidth between the pulled impedance and the actual impedance can be controlled, and the relationship between the pulled impedance and the actual impedance can be explicitly represented.

[0038] After the control of the bandwidth is implemented, the PSO algorithm (particle swarm optimization algorithm) can be improved to obtain the DPSO algorithm (derivative particle swarm optimization algorithm) that can derive the matching section in the matching network, and then the information of the matching network can be determined according to the target bandwidth through the derivative particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the parameters of the matching section and the parameters of the capacitor and the inductor in the matching section of the matching network can be automatically determined, and thus the efficiency of designing the power amplifier can be improved.

[0039] Therefore, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a design method for a power amplifier.

[0040] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present disclosure clearer, further detailed descriptions will be made to the present disclosure with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0041] Figure 1 A flowchart of the design method for a power amplifier according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0042] As Figure 1 shown, the design method for a power amplifier of the embodiments includes operation S110 to operation S170.

[0043] In operation S110, the actual impedance of a transistor for a power amplifier is acquired.

[0044] In operation S120, the impedance of the transistor is pulled, and the pulled impedance of the power amplifier is determined, wherein the pulled impedance represents the optimal impedance for the power amplifier to achieve the optimal output matching and the optimal efficiency matching.

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the case that the conjugate of the pull-up impedance is equal to the actual impedance in value, it can be considered that the best match is achieved between the pull-up impedance and the actual impedance. In the case that the best match is achieved between the pull-up impedance and the actual impedance, it can be considered that the output power and the efficiency of the power amplifier are optimal.

[0046] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, for example, if the pull-up impedance is represented as the conjugate of the pull-up impedance can be correspondingly represented as opt (ω)=R-jω.

[0047] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the impedance pulling of the transistor can be performed by a dedicated transistor pulling device or by an EDA tool, and then the pull-up impedance of the power amplifier to which the transistor is applied can be determined.

[0048] In operation S130, a loss function of the power amplifier is determined according to the actual impedance and the pull-up impedance, wherein the loss function represents the difference between the actual impedance and the pull-up impedance.

[0049] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the loss function representing the difference between the pull-up impedance and the actual impedance can be established according to the conjugate of the pull-up impedance, the pull-up impedance and the actual impedance.

[0050] In operation S140, the function value of the loss function is adjusted to achieve the adjustment of the frequency parameter in the actual impedance and the pull-up impedance, so as to determine the target frequency at which the actual impedance and the pull-up impedance match each other.

[0051] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the target frequency can be the bandwidth to be achieved by the power amplifier. Therefore, the bandwidth of the power amplifier can be controlled by adjusting the function value.

[0052] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, since the actual impedance and the pull-up impedance change with the change of the frequency parameter, the actual impedance and the pull-up impedance can be controlled by adjusting the function value of the loss function, and then the frequency parameter in the actual impedance and the pull-up impedance can be controlled. However, due to the existence of objective errors, the conjugate of the pull-up impedance cannot be equal to the actual impedance in value, and therefore the standard at which the actual impedance and the pull-up impedance match each other can be determined as the target frequency, that is, in the case that the bandwidth of the power amplifier is the target frequency, it can be considered that the actual impedance and the pull-up impedance match each other.

[0053] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, since the parasitic parameters such as parasitic capacitance change with the change of the frequency, and then the change also affects the pull-up impedance and the actual impedance. Therefore, the control of the pull-up impedance and the actual impedance by the loss function can reduce the influence.

[0054] In operation S150, a preset termination condition of the derived particle swarm algorithm is determined according to the target frequency, where the derived particle swarm algorithm is used to determine the information of the matching network of the power amplifier by searching, the matching network includes at least one matching section, the matching section includes a capacitor and an inductor, and the preset termination condition represents the information of the matching network that achieves the target frequency.

[0055] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the derived particle swarm algorithm can be to determine the capacitor and the inductor as particles, and then search the parameters of the particles that can meet the target bandwidth, derive the matching section containing the matching network under the condition that the number of searches meets the preset derivation condition, and then re-search until the parameters of the particles that can meet the target bandwidth are searched. By determining the information of the matching network after the search is completed, that is, the number of matching sections in the matching network and the parameters of the capacitor and the inductor in the matching section, the power amplifier that can meet the target bandwidth can be designed according to the information of the matching network. Therefore, based on the derived particle swarm algorithm, the information of the matching network can be automatically determined, and then the power amplifier that meets the target bandwidth can be designed according to the automatically determined information of the matching network.

[0056] In operation S160, in the case that the number of searches of the derived particle swarm algorithm meets the preset derivation condition, but the information of the matching network does not meet the preset termination condition, a new matching section is derived, and the information of the matching network is determined again by the derived particle swarm algorithm according to the preset termination condition, where the preset derivation condition represents a preset threshold of the number of searches that needs to be met by the derived new matching section.

[0057] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, for example, the original matching network contains one matching section, after deriving a new matching section, the matching network contains two matching sections, and then the information of the matching network based on the two contained matching sections can be determined again by the derived particle swarm algorithm according to the preset termination condition.

[0058] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, for example, after deriving a new matching section, the parameters of all capacitors and inductors in the matching network containing the new matching section can be initialized, and then the information of the matching network is determined again according to the initialized capacitor and inductor.

[0059] In operation S170, in the case that the information of the matching network meets the preset termination condition, the power amplifier is designed according to the information of the matching network that meets the preset termination condition.

[0060] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, since the loss function is determined according to the actual impedance and the pulling impedance, and then the frequency parameters in the actual impedance and the pulling impedance can be controlled by controlling the function value of the loss function, and the structure of the matching network is adjusted by using the improved derivative particle swarm algorithm to automatically derive a new matching section in the case that the information of the matching network does not meet the preset termination condition, and the parameters of the capacitor and the parameters of the inductor in the matching network are determined again according to the preset termination condition, and then the power amplifier is designed according to the information of the matching network in the case that the information of the matching network meets the preset termination condition, therefore, at least part of the technical problem that it is too cumbersome and inefficient to design the power amplifier by manually debugging the matching network according to the frequency parameters is solved, and the technical effect that the structure of the matching network and the device parameters in the matching network are automatically adjusted is realized, and then the power amplifier can be designed according to the matching network, and the design efficiency is improved.

[0061] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, since the transistor is a nonlinear device, the change of the drain bias voltage VDS and the gate bias voltage VGS will affect the actual impedance, therefore, the actual impedance is determined after the drain bias voltage VDS and the gate bias voltage VGS are determined, and the drain bias voltage VDS and the gate bias voltage VGS determine the linearity and the output power of the designed power amplifier. Therefore, before designing the power amplifier, the drain bias voltage VDS and the gate bias voltage VGS can be determined according to the transistor characteristics and the application specification.

[0062] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, in the above matching network, the transmission line can be used to replace the inductor, and the reasons are as follows: ① Since the area of the transmission line is smaller, it is beneficial to reduce the area of the power amplifier; ② The quality factor of the transmission line is smaller than that of the inductor, which is more beneficial to the broadbandization of the power amplifier than setting the inductor in the power amplifier; ③ Directly using the transmission line to replace the inductor can make the simulation result of the power amplifier more accurate; ④ The inductance value of the inductor in the matching network is not very large, and using the transmission line to replace the inductor will not bring other problems.

[0063] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the derivative position of the above matching section in the matching network can be determined according to the derivative particle swarm algorithm, so that the matching network after the derivative matching section can meet the preset termination condition.

[0064] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the actual impedance includes the impedance of the input end and the impedance of the output end of the power amplifier, and the pulling impedance includes the pulling impedance of the input end and the pulling impedance of the output end;

[0065] The loss function of the power amplifier is determined according to the actual impedance and the pulling impedance, comprising:

[0066] determine a loss function of the input end according to the impedance of the input end and the pull impedance of the input end, wherein the loss function of the input end represents a difference between the actual impedance and the pull impedance of the input end; and

[0067] determine a loss function of the output end according to the impedance of the output end and the pull impedance of the output end, wherein the loss function of the output end represents a difference between the actual impedance and the pull impedance of the output end.

[0068] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the input end can be a source end of a power amplifier, and thus the impedance of the input end can be a source end impedance; the output end can be a load end of the power amplifier, and thus the output end impedance can be a load impedance. Further, the pull impedance of the input end can be a source end pull impedance, and the pull impedance of the output end can be a load pull impedance.

[0069] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the loss function representing the difference between the pull impedance and the actual impedance can be established according to the conjugate of the pull impedance, the pull impedance and the actual impedance of the input end.

[0070] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the loss function representing the difference between the pull impedance and the actual impedance can be established according to the conjugate of the pull impedance, the pull impedance and the actual impedance of the output end.

[0071] FIG. 2(a) schematically shows a source pull according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0072] As shown in FIG. 2(a), the intersection of the two circles in the Smith chart is a Z opts point, which can represent the source end pull impedance that enables the designed power amplifier to achieve the best output power matching and the best efficiency matching. optS

[0073] FIG. 2(b) schematically shows a load pull according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0074] As shown in FIG. 2(b), the Z optL point in the Smith chart can represent the load pull impedance that enables the designed power amplifier to achieve the best output power matching and the best efficiency matching, i.e., the Z optL .

[0075] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the case that the actual impedance is close to the edge of the Smith circle, it can be considered that a derivative matching section is needed, and thus a preset derivative condition can be set based thereon.

[0076] ​According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the loss function of the input end is determined according to the impedance of the input end and the pull impedance of the input end, and the loss function of the output end is determined according to the impedance of the output end and the pull impedance of the output end. Since the loss functions of the input end and the output end are respectively established based on the relationship between the actual impedance and the pull impedance of the input end and the output end, the relationship between the actual impedance and the pull impedance can be more clearly characterized based on the loss functions of the input end and the output end, and then the frequency parameter in the actual impedance and the pull impedance can be controlled by the functions of the input end and the output end, so as to control the frequency parameter, and then the structure of the matching network and the device parameters in the matching network can be automatically adjusted, and then the power amplifier can be designed according to the matching network, thereby improving the design efficiency.

[0077] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the matching network can include a source-pulled matching network, a load-pulled matching network, and an inter-stage matching network. The source-pulled matching network is mainly used to match the actual impedance and the pull impedance of the input end, the load-pulled matching network is mainly used to match the actual impedance and the pull impedance of the output end, and the inter-stage matching network is mainly used to generate bandwidth. The above matching network is mainly derived in the inter-stage matching network.

[0078] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the function value of the loss function is adjusted to realize the adjustment of the frequency parameter in the actual impedance, so as to determine the target frequency that matches the actual impedance and the pull impedance with each other.

[0079] The function value of the loss function of the input end is adjusted to realize the adjustment of the frequency parameter in the impedance of the input end, so as to determine the target input end frequency that matches the impedance of the input end and the pull impedance of the input end with each other.

[0080] The function value of the loss function of the output end is adjusted to realize the adjustment of the frequency parameter in the impedance of the output end, so as to determine the target output end frequency that matches the impedance of the output end and the pull impedance of the output end with each other.

[0081] According to the target input end frequency and the target output end frequency, the target frequency that matches the impedance of the input end and the impedance of the output end with each other is determined.

[0082] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, since the impedance of the input end, the impedance of the output end, the pull impedance of the input end, and the pull impedance of the output end are all affected by the frequency parameter, the target frequency can be determined under the condition that the impedance of the input end, the impedance of the output end, the pull impedance of the input end, and the pull impedance of the output end are matched.

[0083] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the function value of the loss function of the input end is adjusted to determine a target input end frequency that matches the input end impedance and the input end pulling impedance with each other; the function value of the loss function of the output end is adjusted to determine a target output end frequency that matches the output end impedance and the output end pulling impedance with each other; and the target frequency that matches the input end impedance and the output end impedance with each other is determined according to the target input end frequency and the target output end frequency. As the function value of the loss function of the input end and the output end is adjusted respectively, the target frequency of the matching network can be adjusted based on the relationship between the loss function and the frequency parameter, and the preset termination condition can be set based on the target frequency of the matching network, so that the information of the matching network is determined automatically, the structure of the matching network and the device parameters in the matching network are adjusted automatically, and the power amplifier is designed according to the matching network, thereby improving the design efficiency.

[0084] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the design method for the power amplifier further includes:

[0085] The target frequency is adjusted to reduce the difference between the actual impedance and the standard impedance, wherein the standard impedance represents the target impedance to be met by the actual impedance.

[0086] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the source end impedance can be matched with the standard impedance by reducing the difference between the source end impedance and the standard impedance through the matching network after the source end impedance is pulled, and the load impedance can be matched with the standard impedance by reducing the difference between the load impedance and the standard impedance through the matching network after the load impedance is pulled.

[0087] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, for example, the standard impedance can be determined according to the properties of the transistor, and the value of the standard impedance can be 50Ω. The standard impedance to be met by the input end impedance and the output end impedance can also be different.

[0088] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the matching network architecture of the input end and the output end according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0089] As Figure 3 shown, Z0 can be a standard impedance, Z S may be a source end impedance, Z optS may be a conjugate of the source end pulling impedance, Z L may be a load impedance, Z optLThe conjugate of the source-side pull-in impedance can be obtained by matching the source-side impedance and the source-side pull-in impedance through the source-side pull-in matching network, and the conjugate of the source-side pull-in impedance can be matched with the standard impedance at the input end, so that the above-mentioned optimal matching at the input end can be realized. The conjugate of the load-side pull-in impedance can be obtained by matching the load-side impedance and the load-side pull-in impedance through the load-side pull-in matching network, and the conjugate of the load-side pull-in impedance can be matched with the standard impedance at the output end, so that the above-mentioned optimal matching at the output end can be realized.

[0090] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, by adjusting the target frequency to reduce the difference between the actual impedance and the standard impedance, the actual impedance of the transistor can be made to conform to the standard.

[0091] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the input end conventional loss function can be:

[0092] C L (ω)=Z L (ω)-Z optL (ω) (3)

[0093] The input end conventional loss function can be:

[0094] C S (ω)=Z S (ω)-Z optS (ω) (4)

[0095] The conventional reflection coefficient is shown in equation (5):

[0096]

[0097] The reflection coefficient shown in equation (5) represents the relationship between the incident voltage and the reflected voltage at the load end, where Z s represents the impedance at the input end, Z L represents the impedance at the output end.

[0098] Further, the conjugate impedance can be introduced into equation (5) to obtain equation (6), which is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] In equation (6), represents Z sBy incorporating equation (6) into the reflection coefficient, a loss function containing the conjugate impedance can be established based on the conjugate relationship of impedance matching in the power amplifier and equation (6). This loss function can then provide a more explicit characterization of the conjugate relationship in the power amplifier. Furthermore, due to the physical characteristic that the reflected wave in the reflection coefficient is no greater than the incident wave, the range of the function value of this loss function can be limited to [0, 1]. Therefore, the frequency parameter in the impedance can be adjusted by adjusting the function value of this loss function. Based on the control of this frequency parameter, a more accurate control of the bandwidth of the designed power amplifier can be achieved.

[0101] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the loss function of the input terminal is determined based on the input terminal's impedance and the input terminal's pulling impedance, including:

[0102] The loss function at the input is as follows:

[0103]

[0104] In the formula, C ΓS (ω) represents the loss function at the input, ω represents the frequency parameter, and Z S (ω) represents the impedance at the input terminal. Z represents the traction impedance at the input terminal. optS (ω) characterization . conjugate.

[0105] According to embodiments of this disclosure, in Z S (ω) and Z optS When (ω) are numerically equal, Z can be considered as S (ω) and The best match between them, therefore, Z optS (ω) can be considered as Z S The optimal value that (ω) needs to achieve, and thus Z optS (ω) can be the optimal impedance at the source.

[0106] According to embodiments of this disclosure, since the matching degree between the traction impedance and the actual impedance at the input terminal can be converted into the relationship between the conjugate of the traction impedance and the numerical value of the actual impedance, it is possible to base the analysis on the difference between the conjugate of the traction impedance and the actual impedance at the input terminal, i.e., Z. S (ω)-Z optS (ω) is used to determine the matching difference between the traction impedance at the input end and the actual impedance. After characterizing this matching difference using equation (1), the frequency parameter can be controlled by controlling the value of equation (1).

[0107] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the loss function of the input end is established based on the matching relationship between the actual impedance and the pulling impedance of the input end, and then the actual impedance and the pulling impedance of the input end can be controlled through the loss function of the input end, and then the structure of the matching network and the parameters of the devices in the matching network can be automatically adjusted, and then the power amplifier can be designed according to the matching network, thereby improving the technical effect of design efficiency.

[0108] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the loss function of the output end is determined according to the impedance of the output end and the pulling impedance of the output end, and the loss function of the output end comprises:

[0109] The loss function of the output end is as follows:

[0110]

[0111] In the formula, C ΓL (ω) represents the loss function of the output end, ω represents the frequency parameter, Z L (ω) represents the impedance of the output end, represents the pulling impedance of the output end, Z optL (ω) represents the conjugate of Z

[0112] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, in the case that Z L (ω) and Z optL 9ω) are equal in value, Z L (ω) and Z are considered to be best matched with each other, and therefore Z optL 9ω) can be considered as the best value required by Z L (ω), and therefore Z optL (ω) can be the best impedance of the load.

[0113] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, since the matching degree between the pulling impedance and the actual impedance of the output end can be converted into the relationship between the value of the conjugate of the pulling impedance and the actual impedance, and then the matching difference between the pulling impedance and the actual impedance of the output end can be determined based on the difference between the conjugate of the pulling impedance and the actual impedance, i.e., Z L (ω)-Z optL (ω), and then the frequency parameter can be controlled by controlling the value of formula (2) after the matching difference is represented by formula (2).

[0114] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a loss function for the output terminal is established based on the matching relationship between the traction impedance and the actual impedance at the output terminal. This loss function can then be used to control the actual impedance and traction impedance at the output terminal, thereby enabling automatic adjustment of the structure of the matching network and the device parameters within it. This allows for the design of a power amplifier based on the matching network, thus improving design efficiency.

[0115] According to embodiments of this disclosure, since signal transmission is performed under conjugate conditions, considering the conjugate relationship between the actual impedance and the traction impedance is beneficial for achieving optimal output power matching.

[0116] According to embodiments of this disclosure, since the range of values ​​for a traditional loss function is uncertain, it is necessary to limit the range of function values ​​for the loss function to avoid increasing the complexity of power amplifier design.

[0117] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a power amplifier architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0118] like Figure 4 As shown, the architecture of a power amplifier designed using the method of embodiments of this disclosure may include IMN, ISMN1, ISMN2, and OMN, where IMN represents a source-pulled matching network, ISMN1 represents a first-stage inter-stage matching network, ISMN2 represents a second-stage inter-stage matching network, OMN represents a load-pulled matching network, Vg represents the gate voltage, Vd represents the drain voltage, and symmetry in this figure represents a mirror circuit of ISMN1, ISMN2, and OMN, indicating that the symmetry has the same circuitry as ISMN1, ISMN2, and OMN at its location.

[0119] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a practical power amplifier architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0120] like Figure 5 As shown, the actual power amplifier has a symmetrical top and bottom structure. It contains capacitors and inductors, where L is an inductor and C is a capacitor.

[0121] According to embodiments of this disclosure, if the number of searches performed by the derived particle swarm optimization algorithm meets a preset derivation condition, but the information of the matching network does not meet a preset termination condition, a new matching section is derived, and the information of the matching network is re-determined using the derived particle swarm optimization algorithm according to the preset termination condition, including:

[0122] In a case that the search number of the derived particle swarm algorithm satisfies the preset derivation condition, and the parameters of the capacitors, the parameters of the inductors, and the number of the matching sections in the matching network do not satisfy the preset termination condition, a new matching section is derived;

[0123] After the new matching section is derived, the parameters of the capacitors and the parameters of the inductors of the matching network are searched again by the derived particle swarm algorithm to obtain the parameters of the capacitors, the parameters of the inductors, and the number of the matching sections that satisfy the preset termination condition.

[0124] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the parameters of the capacitors, the parameters of the inductors, and the number of the matching sections that satisfy the preset termination condition can be the parameters of the capacitors, the parameters of the inductors, and the number of the matching sections that achieve the target bandwidth.

[0125] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, by means of deriving a new matching section in a case that the search number of the derived particle swarm algorithm satisfies the preset derivation condition, and the parameters of the capacitors, the parameters of the inductors, and the number of the matching sections in the matching network do not satisfy the preset termination condition, and by means of searching the parameters of the capacitors and the parameters of the inductors of the matching network again by the derived particle swarm algorithm after the new matching section is derived, the parameters of the capacitors, the parameters of the inductors, and the number of the matching sections that satisfy the preset termination condition are obtained. Since the matching sections are derived according to the preset derivation condition by the derived particle swarm algorithm, and the number of the matching sections and the parameters of the capacitors and the inductors in the matching sections in the matching network are searched again after the matching sections are derived, the number of the matching sections contained in the matching network and the parameters of the capacitors and the inductors in the matching sections can be automatically determined according to the derived particle swarm algorithm, the information of the matching network that satisfies the preset termination condition is obtained, and the structure of the matching network and the device parameters in the matching network can be automatically adjusted, and then the power amplifier can be designed according to the matching network, thereby achieving the technical effect of improving the design efficiency.

[0126] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, by searching to determine the information of the matching network of the power amplifier, the following steps are included:

[0127] The parameters of the capacitors and the parameters of the inductors in the matching network are initialized.

[0128] The parameters of the capacitors and the parameters of the inductors are updated according to the function value of the loss function to obtain updated parameters of the capacitors and updated parameters of the inductors, wherein the updated parameters of the capacitors and the updated parameters of the inductors are the parameters of the capacitors and the parameters of the inductors that make the function value between the actual impedance and the target impedance minimum in the search.

[0129] The actual impedance is updated according to the updated parameters of the capacitors and the updated parameters of the inductors to obtain updated actual impedance, wherein the updated actual impedance is the actual impedance that makes the function value between the actual impedance and the target impedance minimum in the search.

[0130] In the case that the updated parameters of the capacitance and the inductance and the updated actual impedance are obtained, the search process is completed.

[0131] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the updating of the parameters of the capacitance and the inductance according to the function value of the loss function can be that the parameters of the capacitance and the inductance are updated according to the frequency parameter corresponding to the function value of the loss function, so as to narrow the gap between the frequency generated by the updated capacitance and inductance and the frequency parameter.

[0132] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the updating of the actual impedance according to the updated parameters of the capacitance and the inductance can be that the actual impedance is updated according to the frequency generated by the updated capacitance and inductance in the matching network, and the actual impedance determined by the frequency is determined.

[0133] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the case that the updated actual impedance is obtained, it can be determined whether there is a difference between the updated actual impedance and the actual impedance corresponding to the function value, and in the case that there is a difference, it can be considered that the updated actual impedance does not meet the matching requirement, and then the search process can be performed again to update the parameters of the capacitance and the inductance, so that the updated actual impedance and the actual impedance corresponding to the function value are equal in value.

[0134] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the technical means of the search process includes initializing the parameters of the capacitance and the parameters of the inductance in the matching network, updating the parameters of the capacitance and the parameters of the inductance according to the function value of the loss function to obtain updated parameters of the capacitance and the inductance, updating the actual impedance according to the updated parameters of the capacitance and the inductance to obtain an updated actual impedance, and completing the search process in the case that the updated parameters of the capacitance and the inductance and the updated actual impedance are obtained. Since the parameters of the capacitance and the parameters of the inductance in the matching network are updated according to the function value of the loss function, and then the actual impedance is updated, the search of the information of the matching network and the actual impedance corresponding to the information is realized, and then the structure of the matching network and the parameters of the devices in the matching network can be automatically adjusted, and then the power amplifier can be designed according to the matching network, thereby improving the technical effect of design efficiency.

[0135] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned design method for a power amplifier further includes:

[0136] In the case that the number of searches of the derived particle swarm algorithm does not satisfy the preset derivation condition, and the information of the matching network does not satisfy the preset termination condition, the function value of the loss function is determined again;

[0137] The search process is performed again according to the function value of the loss function determined again.

[0138] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the function value of the loss function is re-determined in the case that the search number of the derived particle swarm optimization algorithm does not satisfy the preset derivation condition, and the information of the matching network does not satisfy the preset termination condition; and the search process is re-performed according to the re-determined function value of the loss function. Since the function value of the loss function is re-determined in the case that the search number of the derived particle swarm optimization algorithm does not satisfy the preset derivation condition, and the information of the matching network does not satisfy the preset termination condition, the information of the matching network is re-searched, the design efficiency of the power amplifier is improved, the structure of the matching network and the device parameters in the matching network can be automatically adjusted, and the power amplifier can be designed according to the matching network.

[0139] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the DPSO algorithm is an improvement of the PSO algorithm. The PSO algorithm is a global optimization algorithm based on random swarm intelligence. It is usually insensitive to the initial value, easy to implement, and fast in convergence. The process of the particle swarm optimization algorithm is similar to the process of birds searching for food. In a certain space, particles constantly search and update their positions and velocities, and finally all particles are attracted to the vicinity of the optimal solution. For example, in a d-dimensional space, there are n given particles. i represents the i-th step, the position vector of each particle is X, and the velocity vector is V. The historical optimal solution corresponding to the position of each particle is P_best, and the overall optimal solution reached by all particles is G_best. The updates of the velocity V and the position X can be represented as:

[0140] X(i) = (x1(i), x2(i), x3(i), …, x D (i)) (8)

[0141] V(i) = (v1(i), v2(i), v3(i), …, v D (i)) (9)

[0142] P best (i) = (p1(i), p2(i), p3(i), …, p D (i)) (10)

[0143] G best (i) = (g1(i), g2(i), g3(i), …, g D (i)) (11)

[0144] v j (i+1) = wv j (i) + c1r1(p j (i) - x j (i)) + c2r2(g j (i) - x j (i)) (12)

[0145] x j (i+1)=x j (i)+v j (k+1) (13)

[0146] Figure 6 A flowchart of a derivative particle swarm algorithm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0147] As Figure 6 shown, the derivative particle swarm algorithm of this embodiment includes operation S610 to operation S680.

[0148] In operation S610, the velocity vector and the position vector of the particle are initialized.

[0149] The particle can represent the capacitance and the inductance in the matching network, the position vector can represent the parameters of the capacitance and the parameters of the inductance, and the velocity vector can represent the amplitude values of the parameters of the capacitance and the parameters of the inductance in the search.

[0150] In operation S620, the fitness of the particle is determined.

[0151] The fitness of the particle can represent the difference value between the actual impedance and the traction impedance, and the fitness of the particle can be determined according to the function value of the loss function.

[0152] In operation S630, the optimal position of the individual particle is updated according to the fitness.

[0153] The optimal position of the individual particle can represent the parameters of the capacitance and the parameters of the inductance corresponding to the frequency that minimizes the difference value between the actual impedance and the traction impedance in the search.

[0154] In operation S640, the optimal position of the particle swarm is updated according to the optimal position of the individual particle.

[0155] The optimal position of the particle swarm can represent the actual impedance that has the minimum difference with the traction impedance in the search.

[0156] In operation S650, after updating the optimal position of the particle swarm, the velocity vector and the position vector of the particle are updated to obtain the updated velocity vector and the updated position vector of the particle.

[0157] In operation S660, it is determined whether a preset termination condition is met. If the determination is yes, operation S680 is performed; if the determination is no, operation S670 is performed.

[0158] In operation S670, it is determined whether a preset derivative condition is met. If the determination is yes, operation S610 is performed; if the determination is no, operation S620 is performed.

[0159] The search was terminated while operating the S680.

[0160] Figure 7(a) schematically illustrates a simulation of the output power and efficiency of a power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0161] As shown in Figure 7(a), the circle and arrow point to the vertical axis coordinate corresponding to the curve, PAE (Power Added Benefit) and Psat (Saturated Output Power). Furthermore, the line closer to the top represents the relationship between frequency and saturated output power, while the line closer to the bottom represents the relationship between frequency and power added benefit.

[0162] Figure 7(b) schematically illustrates a test of the output power and efficiency of a power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0163] As shown in Figure 7(b), the circle and arrow point to the vertical axis coordinate corresponding to the curve, PAE (Power Added Benefit) and Psat (Saturated Output Power). Furthermore, the line closer to the top represents the relationship between frequency and saturated output power, while the line closer to the bottom represents the relationship between frequency and power added benefit.

[0164] Figure 8 A schematic diagram illustrating the correspondence between the loss function and bandwidth according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is provided.

[0165] like Figure 8 As shown, the vertical axis S11 represents the input return loss. C can be evaluated using -20dB as a standard. Γ (ω) represents the bandwidth corresponding to different values. As shown in the figure, the larger the value of the loss function, the wider the bandwidth. For example, the function value of the loss function is determined by C. Γ (ω)=0.25 successively becomes C Γ (ω)=0.3、C Γ (ω)=0.35 and C Γ (ω) = 0.5, and the bandwidth gradually increases. In C Γ With (ω) = 0.25, the input return loss can reach below -40dB, at C Γ When (ω)=0.25, the range of input return loss is approximately 20~30dB.

[0166] Figure 9 The diagram illustrates a schematic representation of the small-signal S-parameters of a power amplifier simulation and testing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0167] like Figure 9As shown in the figure, wherein S-Parameters is S parameter, the S parameter represents return loss, S11 represents input return loss, S22 represents output return loss, S21 represents loss transmission coefficient. Sim represents simulation, and meas represents test. The gain of the designed power amplifier can be determined by S21, and the higher the value of S21 is, the higher the gain is. The return loss S11 and S22 are negative values, and the lower the values of S11 and S22 are, the less the return loss is. The value of the bandwidth can be determined by the input return loss S11. And it can be seen whether the simulated parameter curve and the tested parameter curve are close. S11 and S22 are related to the bandwidth, while the gain and power are determined by the transistor.

[0168] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, for example, the design of the board-level power amplifier and the chip design of the MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) power amplifier can be realized by applying the above method.

[0169] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, for example, the amplifier designed by the method of the embodiments of the present disclosure can be a 0.25μm KU band GaAs power amplifier design, wherein 0.25μm is the gate length.

[0170] Based on the above design method for the power amplifier, the present disclosure further provides a design device for the power amplifier. The following will be described in detail Figure 10 The device will be described in detail.

[0171] Figure 10 The structure block diagram of the design device for the power amplifier according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0172] As Figure 10 shown, the design device 1000 for the power amplifier of the embodiments includes an acquisition module 1010, a first determination module 1020, a second determination module 1030, a first adjustment module 1040, a third determination module 1050, a derivation module 1060 and a design module 1070.

[0173] The acquisition module 1010 is used to acquire the actual impedance of the transistor used for the power amplifier. In an embodiment, the acquisition module 1010 can be used to perform the operation S110 described above, which will not be described here again.

[0174] The first determination module 1020 is used to perform impedance pulling on the transistor, and determine the pulled impedance of the power amplifier, wherein the pulled impedance represents the optimal impedance for the power amplifier to achieve the optimal output matching and the optimal efficiency matching. In an embodiment, the first determination module 1020 can be used to perform the operation S120 described above, which will not be described here again.

[0175] The second determining module 1030 is configured to determine a loss function of the power amplifier according to the actual impedance and the pulling impedance, where the loss function represents a difference between the actual impedance and the pulling impedance. In an embodiment, the second determining module 1030 can be configured to perform the operation S130 described above, and details are not repeated here.

[0176] The first adjusting module 1040 is configured to adjust a function value of the loss function to achieve adjustment of the frequency parameter in the actual impedance and the pulling impedance, so as to determine a target frequency that matches the actual impedance and the pulling impedance. In an embodiment, the first adjusting module 1040 can be configured to perform the operation S140 described above, and details are not repeated here.

[0177] The third determining module 1050 is configured to determine a preset termination condition of a derived particle swarm algorithm according to the target frequency, where the derived particle swarm algorithm is used to determine information of a matching network of the power amplifier by searching, the matching network includes at least one matching section, the matching section includes a capacitor and an inductor, and the preset termination condition represents information of the matching network that achieves the target frequency. In an embodiment, the third determining module 1050 can be configured to perform the operation S150 described above, and details are not repeated here.

[0178] The deriving module 1060 is configured to derive a new matching section, and re-determine the information of the matching network according to the preset termination condition by using the derived particle swarm algorithm, in a case where a search number of the derived particle swarm algorithm satisfies a preset derivation condition, but the information of the matching network does not satisfy the preset termination condition, where the preset derivation condition represents a preset threshold of the search number that needs to be satisfied by the derived new matching section. In an embodiment, the deriving module 1060 can be configured to perform the operation S160 described above, and details are not repeated here.

[0179] The designing module 1070 is configured to design the power amplifier according to the information of the matching network that satisfies the preset termination condition, in a case where the information of the matching network satisfies the preset termination condition. In an embodiment, the designing module 1070 can be configured to perform the operation S170 described above, and details are not repeated here.

[0180] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, any of the modules of the acquisition module 1010, the first determination module 1020, the second determination module 1030, the first adjustment module 1040, the third determination module 1050, the derivation module 1060, and the design module 1070 can be combined in one module, or any of the modules can be split into multiple modules. Alternatively, at least part of the functions of one or more of the modules can be combined with at least part of the functions of other modules and implemented in one module. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, at least one of the acquisition module 1010, the first determination module 1020, the second determination module 1030, the first adjustment module 1040, the third determination module 1050, the derivation module 1060, and the design module 1070 can be at least partially implemented as a hardware circuit, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic array (PLA), a system on chip, a system on board, a system on package, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or any other reasonable manner of hardware or firmware that can be integrated or packaged with a circuit, or implemented in any one of software, hardware, and firmware or in a proper combination of any of them. Alternatively, at least one of the acquisition module 1010, the first determination module 1020, the second determination module 1030, the first adjustment module 1040, the third determination module 1050, the derivation module 1060, and the design module 1070 can be at least partially implemented as a computer program module that can perform the corresponding functions when the computer program module is run.

[0181] It should be noted that the above-described design device for a power amplifier corresponds to the above-described design method for a power amplifier, and the design device for a power amplifier can include modules, units, sub-units, etc. for implementing all functions of the design method for a power amplifier involved in the above-described flowchart. For brevity of description, no further description is given herein, and the specific description can be referred to the description of the design method for a power amplifier.

[0182] Unless otherwise known as the contrary, the numerical parameters in the specification and the appended claims are approximations that can vary depending on the desired properties obtained from the content of the present disclosure. Specifically, all the numbers used in the specification and the claims to express the content, reaction conditions, and the like are understood to be modified by the term "about" in all cases. Generally, the meaning expressed by the term "about" is to include a variation of ±10% in some embodiments, ±5% in some embodiments, ±1% in some embodiments, and ±0.5% in some embodiments from the specified number.

[0183] Furthermore, the use of the term "including" as well as other forms for example "comprising" or "having" is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that for a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises several steps, features, compositions, etc. it covers any such process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the listed steps, features, compositions, etc. as well as those extraneous steps, features, compositions, etc.

[0184] The use of the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like in the description does not embody an obligation to sequence, but rather that there can be one or more items named, and if they are to be ordered, the terms might as well be used to specify such ordering.

[0185] Furthermore, the order of the steps of the above-described methods is not limited to the order presented above, and the steps can be rearranged or re-ordered according to design or reliability considerations. Also, the above-described embodiments can be used in combination with each other or with other embodiments, and the features of the various embodiments can be freely combined in order to form further embodiments.

[0186] The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer, virtual system, or other apparatus. Various general purpose systems can be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or it can prove convenient to construct more specialized apparatus to perform the required method steps. The required structure for a variety of these systems will be apparent from the description above. In addition, the present disclosure is not described with reference to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages can be used to implement the teachings of the disclosure as described herein, and any references below to specific languages are provided for disclosure of enablement of the best mode of the disclosure.

[0187] The present disclosure can be realized in hardware, or a combination of hardware and software, thus the disclosure can be embodied in a number of different forms. For example, the various embodiments of the disclosure can be implemented on a number of different types of hardware, including hardware that includes a number of different elements. The various component embodiments of the disclosure can be implemented in hardware, or in software modules running on one or more processors, or in a combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will recognize that some or all of the functions of some or all of the components in the relevant devices according to embodiments of the disclosure can be implemented using a microprocessor or a digital signal processor (DSP) in practice. The disclosure can also be implemented as a device or apparatus program (e.g., a computer program and a computer program product) for performing some or all of the methods described herein. Such a program implementing the disclosure can be stored on a computer readable medium or can be in the form of one or more signals. Such signals can be downloaded from an Internet website, or provided on a carrier signal, or in any other form.

[0188] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules in the apparatuses in the embodiments can be adapted and placed in one or more apparatuses other than the embodiments. The modules or units or components in the embodiments can be combined into one module or unit or component, and further can be divided into multiple sub-modules or sub-units or sub-components. Except that at least some of such features and / or processes or units are mutually exclusive, all combinations of all features disclosed in this specification (including accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) and all processes or units of any methods or apparatuses disclosed herein can be adopted. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed in this specification (including accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) can be replaced by an alternative feature providing the same, equivalent or similar function. Moreover, in unit claims that include several devices, several of those devices can be embodied by one and the same hardware item.

[0189] Similarly, it is to be understood that the embodiments of the disclosure described above and illustrated in the drawings are presented by way of example only and are not intended to limit the various aspects of the disclosure. Rather, the various aspects of the disclosure are limited only by the claims and equivalents thereof. Moreover, the words "comprise," "comprising," "include," "including," and "contains," "containing," are to be construed as being open-ended and inclusive, and do not exclude the presence of other elements or additional steps. Similarly, the words "comprise," "comprising," "include," "including," and "contains," "containing," are to be construed as being inclusive of the presence of one or more elements or additional steps, and are not limited to the presence of the elements or additional steps recited in the specification. Additionally, the words "a" and "an" are defined as one or more unless explicitly stated otherwise.

[0190] The specific embodiments described above are further intended to be illustrative of the broader aspects of the disclosure and the present disclosure may be adapted and modified as are of ordinary skill in the art, and can be practiced, without undue experimentation, in accordance with the following claims.

Claims

1. A design method for a power amplifier, comprising: Obtain the actual impedance of the transistors used in the power amplifier; The transistor is impedance-driven to determine the pulling impedance of the power amplifier, wherein the pulling impedance characterizes the optimal impedance that enables the power amplifier to achieve optimal output matching and optimal efficiency matching. The loss function of the power amplifier is determined based on the actual impedance and the traction impedance, wherein the loss function characterizes the difference between the actual impedance and the traction impedance; The function value of the loss function is adjusted to adjust the frequency parameters in the actual impedance and the traction impedance, thereby determining the target frequency that makes the actual impedance and the traction impedance match each other. Based on the target frequency, a preset termination condition for the derived particle swarm optimization algorithm is determined, wherein the derived particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to determine the information of the matching network of the power amplifier by searching, the matching network includes at least one matching section, the matching section includes a capacitor and an inductor, and the preset termination condition characterizes the information of the matching network that achieves the target frequency; If the search count of the derived particle swarm optimization algorithm meets a preset derivation condition, but the information of the matching network does not meet the preset termination condition, a new matching section is derived, and the information of the matching network is re-determined using the derived particle swarm optimization algorithm according to the preset termination condition. The preset derivation condition represents a threshold of the preset search count required to derive the new matching section. If the information of the matching network satisfies the preset termination condition, the power amplifier is designed according to the information of the matching network that satisfies the preset termination condition. Wherein, if the number of searches in the derived particle swarm optimization algorithm meets a preset derivation condition, but the information of the matching network does not meet the preset termination condition, a new matching section is derived, and the information of the matching network is re-determined using the derived particle swarm optimization algorithm according to the preset termination condition, including: If the number of searches in the derived particle swarm optimization algorithm meets the preset derivation conditions, and the parameters of the capacitor, the parameters of the inductor, and the number of matching nodes in the matching network do not meet the preset termination conditions, a new matching node is derived. After deriving new matching nodes, the parameters of the capacitor and the inductor of the matching network are searched again using the derived particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain the parameters of the capacitor, the parameters of the inductor, and the number of matching nodes that satisfy the preset termination condition.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The actual impedance includes the impedance at the input terminal and the impedance at the output terminal of the power amplifier, and the traction impedance includes the traction impedance at the input terminal and the traction impedance at the output terminal. Determining the loss function of the power amplifier based on the actual impedance and the traction impedance includes: Based on the impedance and traction impedance of the input terminal, a loss function is determined for the input terminal, wherein the loss function characterizes the difference between the actual impedance and the traction impedance of the input terminal; and The loss function of the output terminal is determined based on the impedance of the output terminal and the traction impedance of the output terminal, wherein the loss function of the output terminal characterizes the difference between the actual impedance and the traction impedance of the output terminal.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, Adjusting the value of the loss function to adjust the frequency parameter in the actual impedance, thereby determining the target frequency that matches the actual impedance with the traction impedance, includes: The function value of the loss function at the input terminal is adjusted to adjust the frequency parameter in the impedance of the input terminal, thereby determining the target input terminal frequency that matches the impedance of the input terminal and the traction impedance of the input terminal. The function value of the loss function at the output terminal is adjusted to adjust the frequency parameter in the impedance of the output terminal, thereby determining the target output terminal frequency that matches the output terminal impedance and the output terminal traction impedance. Based on the target input frequency and the target output frequency, determine the target frequency that will match the input impedance and the output impedance.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, Determining the loss function of the input terminal based on the impedance of the input terminal and the pulling impedance of the input terminal includes: The loss function at the input is as follows: （1） In the formula, the The loss function characterizing the input terminal, ω characterizing the frequency parameter, and the... Characterizing the impedance of the input terminal, the Characterizing the traction impedance of the input terminal, the Characterizing the . conjugate.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, Determining the loss function of the output terminal based on the impedance of the output terminal and the pulling impedance of the output terminal includes: The loss function at the output is as follows: （2） In the formula, the The loss function characterizing the output terminal, ω characterizing the frequency parameter, and the... Characterizing the impedance of the output terminal, the Characterizing the pulling impedance of the output terminal, the Characterizing the . conjugate.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The target frequency is adjusted to reduce the difference between the actual impedance and the standard impedance, wherein the standard impedance represents the target impedance that the actual impedance is to meet.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The information for determining the matching network of the power amplifier through searching includes: Initialize the parameters of the capacitor and the inductor in the matching network; Based on the function value of the loss function, update the parameters of the capacitor and the inductor to obtain the updated parameters of the capacitor and the inductor, wherein the updated parameters of the capacitor and the inductor are the parameters of the capacitor and the inductor that minimize the function value between the actual impedance and the traction impedance in the search. Based on the updated parameters of the capacitor and the inductor, the actual impedance is updated to obtain the updated actual impedance, wherein the updated actual impedance is the actual impedance that has the smallest function value between the capacitor and the traction impedance in the search. The search process is completed once the updated parameters of the capacitor and the inductor, as well as the updated actual impedance, are obtained.

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: If the number of searches in the derived particle swarm optimization algorithm does not meet the preset derivation condition, and the information of the matching network does not meet the preset termination condition, the function value of the loss function is re-determined; The search process is repeated based on the newly determined value of the loss function.

9. A design apparatus for a power amplifier, used to implement the design method for a power amplifier as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, the design apparatus comprising: The acquisition module is used to acquire the actual impedance of the transistors used in the power amplifier; The first determining module is used to perform impedance pulling on the transistor to determine the pulling impedance of the power amplifier, wherein the pulling impedance represents the optimal impedance that enables the power amplifier to achieve optimal output matching and optimal efficiency matching. The second determining module is used to determine the loss function of the power amplifier based on the actual impedance and the traction impedance, wherein the loss function characterizes the difference between the actual impedance and the traction impedance; The first adjustment module is used to adjust the function value of the loss function to adjust the frequency parameters in the actual impedance and the traction impedance, thereby determining the target frequency that makes the actual impedance and the traction impedance match each other. The third determining module is used to determine a preset termination condition for the derived particle swarm algorithm based on the target frequency. The derived particle swarm algorithm is used to determine the information of the matching network of the power amplifier by searching. The matching network includes at least one matching section, and the matching section includes a capacitor and an inductor. The preset termination condition represents the information of the matching network that achieves the target frequency. A derivation module is used to derive a new matching segment when the search count of the derivation particle swarm optimization algorithm meets a preset derivation condition, but the information of the matching network does not meet the preset termination condition. The module then re-determines the information of the matching network using the derivation particle swarm optimization algorithm according to the preset termination condition. The preset derivation condition represents a threshold of the preset search count required to derive the new matching segment. The design module is used to design the power amplifier according to the information of the matching network that satisfies the preset termination condition, provided that the information of the matching network satisfies the preset termination condition.

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