A front separation control roof and side protection type digging-anchor integrated machine and a tunneling method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of advanced separation control top protection type excavating anchor integrated machine and excavation method, integrated machine includes excavator, supporting frame, high-strength circular saw, help anchor rod machine, top anchor rod machine, supporting frame is arranged along the trend of roadway, including trend beam, stand, crossbeam, telescopic oil cylinder is arranged in stand, telescopic oil cylinder is arranged in crossbeam.Supporting frame is driven under the sliding mechanism, and moves along the trend of roadway before and after, three high-strength circular saws are installed in the most front end of supporting frame.Help anchor rod machine is located between the two stands of supporting frame left and right sides;Top anchor rod machine is located at the top of supporting frame, between two crossbeams, the present application is provided with advanced cutting zone in advance, isolates the disturbance to formal cutting, and can realize digging and supporting simultaneously, effectively guarantees the safety of construction personnel and equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mining and support technology, specifically to an advanced separation roof control and sidewall support type integrated tunneling and anchoring machine and tunneling method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's economy, the mechanization and automation of the coal industry are increasing, and integrated mechanized coal mining equipment is widely used in coal production under various geological conditions. In the tunneling stage, the quality of the tunneling machines themselves has improved significantly, especially with the widespread application of large-scale integrated roadheader-anchor machines in various mining areas. However, in practical applications, integrated roadheader-anchor machines can only be used in simple mine roadway excavation. When encountering roadways affected by strong mining or fragile rock masses, it is difficult to fully utilize the equipment's efficiency. Tunneling is a complex, multi-stage process consisting of three main steps: rock breaking, loading, and support. To achieve rapid and efficient tunneling, each step must be coordinated and connected efficiently. However, current rapid tunneling equipment for complex geological conditions is not yet fully developed. The main reason is that the fragile roof of the cut coal roadway needs timely support to prevent collapse, especially in tunnels affected by strong mining. The allowable gap between the roof and the tunneling head is very small. Furthermore, the currently used anchor bolt support equipment is simple, has a low level of automation, and is inefficient. The relative positions of the tunneling and anchor bolting devices of various existing tunneling and anchoring machines are fixed, which leads to interference between the two during the actual tunneling process, thus affecting the normal tunneling project. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an advanced separation and control roof support type tunneling and anchoring integrated machine and tunneling method, which can weaken the cutting disturbance and ensure that the tunnel under strong dynamic pressure can achieve low disturbance tunneling. During the tunneling process, the high-strength saw blade support can control the deformation of the surrounding rock in advance and prevent the tunnel from experiencing side and roof subsidence due to untimely support.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this invention discloses an advanced separation and control roof and side support integrated tunneling and anchoring machine, comprising a tunneling machine, a support frame, a high-strength circular saw, a side anchoring machine, and a roof anchoring machine. The support frame is arranged along the tunnel direction and includes a directional beam, columns, and crossbeams. Two directional beams are located on either side of the tunnel top and are arranged parallel to the tunnel direction. The columns are located on both sides of the tunnel, with the same number on each side. The bottom of each column contacts the ground via a sliding shoe, and its top is perpendicularly connected to the bottom surface of the directional beam. Multiple crossbeams connect the two directional beams from the top. Each column is equipped with a telescopic hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the height of the support frame, and each crossbeam is equipped with a telescopic hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the width of the support frame. The tunneling machine body is equipped with a sliding mechanism, and the support frame... The columns on both sides are fixedly connected to the sliding mechanism; the support frame moves back and forth along the roadway direction under the drive of the sliding mechanism; there are three high-strength circular saws, one installed vertically on the front face of the leftmost column of the support frame; one installed vertically on the front face of the rightmost column of the support frame; and one installed horizontally on the front face of the frontmost beam of the support frame; the side bolting machine is located between the two columns on the left and right sides of the support frame and is installed on one of the columns through a rotating telescopic mechanism; the top bolting machine is located at the top of the support frame, between the two beams, and is installed on one of the beams through a rotating telescopic mechanism; an anchor cable drilling rig is provided at the rear end of the tunneling machine.

[0005] Furthermore, the high-strength circular saw includes a circular saw blade, a protective cover, and a fixing frame. The protective cover is installed behind the circular saw blade, the remote controller is installed at the center of the circular saw blade, the circular saw blade is installed on the fixing frame, and one end of the fixing frame is fixedly connected to the support frame.

[0006] Furthermore, the tunneling machine body is located inside the support frame.

[0007] Furthermore, on both sides of the support frame, two side anchor bolt machines are arranged along the direction of the roadway; on the top of the support frame, two top anchor bolt machines are arranged along the direction of the roadway.

[0008] Furthermore, the sliding mechanism includes a support plate, a sliding cylinder, and a connecting rod. The machine body of the tunneling machine is provided with a slide rail along the tunneling direction. The support plate is located above the slide rail and is slidably connected to the slide rail. One end of the sliding cylinder is fixed to the machine body, and the other end is fixedly connected to the rear end of the support plate to provide power for the sliding of the support plate. The connecting rod is located on both sides of the support plate. One end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to one side of the support plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner side of the column.

[0009] On the other hand, the present invention also discloses an advanced separation control roof and sidewall tunneling method, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step S1: Three high-strength circular saws are pushed forward by the support frame to cut the coal body to the set depth. The circular saw blades remain in the coal body to form a rectangular cutting area, and the inside of the rectangular cutting area is the coal body to be cut.

[0011] Step S2: The cutting drum cuts the coal body to be cut to a depth equal to the advance of one tunneling cycle. After the cutting is completed, the tunneling machine body remains stationary and the cutting drum retracts into the support frame.

[0012] Step S3: The support frame retracts radially into the roadway to form a certain gap with the coal wall. After inserting the wire mesh into the gap, the support frame is radially supported and reset outward.

[0013] Step S4: The anchor bolt drilling rig and the top anchor bolt drilling rig construct the cut roadway according to the support parameters, and the anchor cable drilling rig constructs the roadway behind the support frame according to the support parameters.

[0014] Step S5: After the support is completed, the sliding mechanism on the tunneling machine pushes the support frame forward to a cycle depth to start the next cycle.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0016] First, by pre-cutting grooves, disturbance to the rock mass during the actual cutting was prevented, thus ensuring the strength of the rock mass;

[0017] Second, the tunneling and anchoring machine can achieve simultaneous excavation and support, combining excavation and support into one, accurately excavating the tunnel outline, and controlling the shaping well;

[0018] 3. The circular saw blade penetrates into the coal body in front, using the uncut coal body as a fulcrum, and the high strength of the circular saw blade itself and the strength of the coal body as support to provide lateral restraint to the surrounding rock mass of the outer contour in advance, preventing side collapse and roof fall.

[0019] Fourth, the cutting groove formed by the circular saw blade can weaken the connection between the middle coal body and the surrounding rock, thereby reducing the disturbance and damage to the surrounding rock caused by the cutting vibration of the tunneling machine drum, realizing the separation of the middle coal body from the surrounding rock, and achieving the purpose of protecting the surrounding rock of the roadway.

[0020] Fifth, it can realize timely lateral constraint compensation of the surrounding rock of the roadway, and carry out tunneling operations without empty roof distance, preventing the roadway from experiencing sidewall and roof subsidence due to untimely support, isolating the disturbance and damage to the preserved surrounding rock mass caused by the central cutting and breaking of the rock, preventing large pieces of coal and rock mass from falling off at the tunneling face, and thus ensuring the safe and efficient tunneling.

[0021] VI. Immediate excavation and support can realize tunnel excavation without gaps between the tunnel roof and the tunnel ceiling, ensuring the safety of construction personnel and providing a strong equipment and technical foundation for rapid tunnel excavation under high dynamic pressure. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the tunneling and anchoring integrated machine of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the advanced drilling of the tunneling and anchoring integrated machine of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Sectional view in the middle II direction;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding mechanism;

[0026] In the diagram, 1-tunneling machine, 100-body, 2-support frame, 21-traverse beam, 22-column, 23-crossbeam, 3-high-strength circular saw, 31-circular saw blade, 32-protective cover, 33-remote controller, 4-side bolting machine, 5-top bolting machine, 6-rotational telescopic mechanism, 7-sliding mechanism, 71-support plate, 72-sliding cylinder, 73-connecting rod, 8-anchor cable drill, 9-cutting drum, 10-mesh. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, an advanced separation control top support and sidewall bolting integrated machine includes a tunneling machine 1, a support frame 2, a high-strength circular saw 3, a sidewall bolting machine 4, and a top bolting machine 5. The support frame 2 is arranged along the tunnel direction and includes a directional beam 21, columns 22, and crossbeams 23. There are two directional beams 21 located on both sides of the tunnel top, arranged parallel to the tunnel direction. The columns 22 are located on both sides of the tunnel, with the same number on each side. The bottom of the columns 22 contacts the ground through slippers, and the top is perpendicularly connected to the bottom surface of the directional beams 21. Multiple crossbeams 23 connect the two directional beams 21 from the top. The columns 22 are equipped with telescopic cylinders for adjusting the height of the support frame 2, and the crossbeams 23 are equipped with telescopic cylinders for adjusting the width of the support frame. The bottom of the support frame 2 has no connecting parts, which is equivalent to a large protective cover used for temporary support of the tunnel and protection of the tunneling machine 1 inside. Furthermore, the retractable crossbeam 23 and retractable columns 22 allow the support frame 2 to extend and retract in both width and height directions. A sliding mechanism 7 is provided on the body of the tunneling machine 1, and some of the columns 22 on both sides of the support frame 2 are fixedly connected to the sliding mechanism 7. Driven by the sliding mechanism 7, the support frame 2 moves back and forth along the tunnel direction.

[0029] Three high-strength circular saws 3 are used. One is installed vertically on the front face of the leftmost column 22 at the front of the support frame 2. One is installed vertically on the front face of the rightmost column 22 at the front of the support frame 2. One is installed horizontally on the front face of the crossbeam 23 at the front of the support frame 2. The anchor bolt machine 4 is located between two columns 22 on the left and right sides of the support frame 2 and is installed on one of the columns 22 via a rotating telescopic mechanism 6. Specifically, the high-strength circular saw 3 includes a circular saw blade 31, a protective cover 32, a remote controller 33, and a fixing frame. The protective cover 32 is installed behind the circular saw blade 31, the remote controller 33 is installed at the center of the circular saw blade, and the circular saw blade 31 is installed on the fixing frame, one end of which is fixedly connected to the support frame 2. The thickness of the circular saw blade 31 is approximately 5 cm. Figure 3 As shown, the top anchor bolt machine 5 is located at the top of the support frame 2, between two crossbeams 23, and is installed on one of the crossbeams 23 via a rotating telescopic mechanism 6. The tunneling machine 1 is located inside the support frame 2. An anchor cable drill 8 is located at the rear end of the tunneling machine 1.

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, the circular saw blades 31 of the three high-strength circular saws 3 remain inside the coal body after cutting, forming a rectangular cutting zone (without cutting at the bottom), with a thickness of 5 cm. The interior of the cutting zone is the coal and rock mass to be cut, which is the coal body to be cut.

[0031] In the above structure, the circular saw blade 31 penetrates deep into the coal seam ahead, using the uncut coal seam as a fulcrum. The high strength of the circular saw blade itself and the strength of the coal seam provide lateral restraint to the surrounding rock mass ahead of the cut contour, preventing sidewall and roof collapse. The sidewall and roof rock bolting machines 4 and 5 provide timely support for the roadway generated after cutting, preventing roof collapse and sidewall.

[0032] In addition, two side bolting machines 4 are installed on both sides of the support frame 2, arranged along the roadway direction. At the top of the support frame 2, two top bolting machines 5 are installed, arranged along the roadway direction, which can improve the efficiency of on-site support.

[0033] like Figure 4As shown, the sliding mechanism 7 includes a support plate 71, sliding cylinders 72, and connecting rods 73. A slide rail is provided on the body 100 of the tunneling machine 1 along the tunneling direction. The support plate 71 is located above the slide rail and is slidably connected to it. The slide rail is a long strip of steel plate welded to both sides of the body 100. The two ends of the support plate 71 are rolled downwards to wrap around the slide rail, thus forming a sliding relationship. Two sliding cylinders 72 are provided. One end of each cylinder is fixed to the body 100, and the other end is fixedly connected to the rear end of the support plate 71, providing power for the sliding of the support plate 71. The connecting rods 73 are located on both sides of the support plate 71. One end of each connecting rod is fixedly connected to one side of the support plate 71, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner side of the column 22, thereby driving the entire support frame 2 to move back and forth.

[0034] This invention also discloses an advanced separation control and support tunneling method, comprising the following steps:

[0035] Step S1: Three high-strength circular saws 3 are pushed forward by the support frame to cut the coal body to the set depth. The circular saw blades 31 remain in the coal body, forming a rectangular cutting area. The inside of the rectangular cutting area is the coal body to be cut.

[0036] Step S2: The cutting drum 9 cuts the coal body to be cut, and its cutting depth is equal to the advance of one tunneling cycle. After the cutting is completed, the tunneling machine 1 remains stationary, and the cutting drum 9 retracts into the support frame 2 to protect the cutting drum 9 in a timely manner.

[0037] Step S3: The support frame 2 retracts radially into the roadway to form a certain gap with the coal wall. After inserting the mesh 10 into the gap, the support frame 2 is radially supported and reset outward.

[0038] Step S4: The side anchor bolting machine 4 and the top anchor bolting machine 5 construct the cut roadway according to the support parameters, and the anchor cable drilling machine 8 constructs the roadway behind the support frame 2 according to the support parameters.

[0039] Step S5: After the support is completed, the sliding mechanism 7 on the tunneling machine 1 pushes the support frame 2 forward to a cycle depth to start the next cycle.

[0040] This tunneling method enables simultaneous excavation and support, integrating excavation and support into a single process. It pioneers a new approach to underground coal mining, effectively protecting on-site machinery and personnel, and significantly improving tunneling efficiency.

[0041] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes that can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention are all within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for advanced separation and roof control tunneling, characterized in that, The advanced separation control roof and side support type tunneling and anchoring integrated machine is used. The advanced separation control roof and side support type tunneling and anchoring integrated machine includes a tunneling machine (1), a support frame (2), a high-strength circular saw (3), a side anchor bolting machine (4), and a roof anchor bolting machine (5). The support frame (2) is arranged along the direction of the roadway and includes a directional beam (21), columns (22), and crossbeams (23). There are two directional beams (21), located on both sides of the top of the roadway and arranged parallel to the direction of the roadway. The columns (22) are located on both sides of the roadway, with the same number on each side. The bottom of the columns (22) contacts the ground through a slipper, and the top is vertically connected to the bottom surface of the directional beams (21). Multiple crossbeams (23) connect the two directional beams (21) from the top. The columns (22) are equipped with telescopic hydraulic cylinders for adjustment. The support frame (2) is height-adjustable, and the crossbeam (23) is equipped with a telescopic cylinder for adjusting the width of the support frame; the tunneling machine (1) is equipped with a sliding mechanism (7), and the columns (22) on both sides of the support frame (2) are fixedly connected to the sliding mechanism (7); the support frame (2) moves back and forth along the roadway under the drive of the sliding mechanism (7); there are three high-strength circular saws (3), one installed on the front end face of the leftmost column (22) of the support frame (2) and set vertically; one installed on the front end face of the rightmost column (22) of the support frame (2) and set vertically; and one installed on the front end face of the crossbeam (23) of the support frame (2) and set horizontally. The side anchor bolt machine (4) is located between the two columns (22) on the left and right sides of the support frame (2), and is installed on one of the columns (22) through a rotating telescopic mechanism (6); the top anchor bolt machine (5) is located at the top of the support frame (2), between the two crossbeams (23), and is installed on one of the crossbeams (23) through the rotating telescopic mechanism (6); an anchor cable drill (8) is provided at the rear end of the tunneling machine (1). The method includes the following steps: Step S1: Three high-strength circular saws (3) are pushed forward by the support frame (2) to cut the coal body to the set depth. The circular saw blades (31) of the high-strength circular saws (3) remain in the coal body to form a rectangular cutting area. The inside of the rectangular cutting area is the coal body to be cut. Step S2, the cutting drum (9) cuts the coal body to be cut, and its cutting depth is equal to the advance of one tunneling cycle. After the cutting is completed, the tunneling machine (1) remains stationary, and the cutting drum (9) retreats into the support frame (2). Step S3: The support frame (2) retracts radially into the roadway to form a certain gap with the coal wall. After inserting the mesh (10) into the gap, the support frame (2) is radially supported and reset outward. Step S4: The anchor bolting machine (4) and the top anchor bolting machine (5) carry out construction on the cut roadway according to the support parameters, and the anchor cable drilling machine (8) carries out construction on the roadway behind the support frame (2) according to the support parameters. Step S5: After the support is completed, the sliding mechanism (7) on the tunneling machine (1) pushes the support frame (2) forward to a cycle depth and proceeds to the next cycle.

2. The method for advanced separation and roof control tunneling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-strength circular saw (3) includes a circular saw blade (31), a protective cover (32), a remote controller (33), and a fixing frame. The protective cover (32) is installed behind the circular saw blade (31), the remote controller (33) is installed at the center of the circular saw blade, the circular saw blade (31) is installed on the fixing frame, and one end of the fixing frame is fixedly connected to the support frame (2).

3. The method for advanced separation and roof control tunneling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tunneling machine (1) is located inside the support frame (2).

4. The method for advanced separation and roof control tunneling according to claim 1, characterized in that, On both sides of the support frame (2), there are two side anchor bolt machines (4) arranged along the direction of the roadway; on the top of the support frame (2), there are two top anchor bolt machines (5) arranged along the direction of the roadway.

5. The method for advanced separation and roof control tunneling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding mechanism (7) includes a support plate (71), a sliding cylinder (72), and a connecting rod (73). The body (100) of the tunneling machine (1) is provided with a slide rail along the tunneling direction. The support plate (71) is located above the slide rail and is slidably connected to the slide rail. One end of the sliding cylinder (72) is fixed on the body (100), and the other end is fixedly connected to the rear end of the support plate (71) to provide power for the sliding of the support plate (71). The connecting rod (73) is located on both sides of the support plate (71). One end of the connecting rod (73) is fixedly connected to one side of the support plate (71), and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner side of the column (22).

Images