A construction method for open-pit mine spoil heaps that contributes to safer end-slope mining.

Abstract

This invention provides a construction method for an internal spoil heap in an open-pit mine that contributes to safety during end-side mining. When the working face I of the mining area advances to a certain position, and an internal spoil heap II can be constructed, the initial working area III and the initial safe working area IV for end-side mining are determined. When the internal spoil heap is constructed to the bottom plate V of the coal seam being mined from the end-side, construction stops along the side of the end-side VI being mined. Construction continues in the area outside area IV towards the side of the unmined end-side VII, increasing the height of the internal spoil heap according to the spoil heap design parameters. After the end-side mining has progressed a certain distance towards the working face of the mining area, the normal working area VIII and the normal safe working area IX for end-side mining are determined. Construction of the internal spoil heap then begins along the side of the end-side being mined, with the construction direction towards both the working face and the unmined end-side. This invention fully utilizes the pressure effect of the internal spoil heap to improve the stability of open-pit coal mine slopes under end-side mining conditions, effectively avoiding the occurrence of geological disasters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of open-pit mining technology, specifically relating to a construction method for an open-pit mine spoil heap that helps ensure the safety of end-face mining. Background Technology

[0002] Open-pit mining at the end face leads to the migration of overburden and the manifestation of mine pressure, which can easily induce slope deformation, damage, and instability. However, the stability of the end face slope can be improved and landslides can be avoided by constructing internal spoil heaps to stabilize the end face. Domestic and international patent scholars have achieved fruitful results in the research on end face mining and internal spoil heap construction. Patents CN113236254B and CN111364998A respectively disclose a method for backfilling coal seams at the end face of an open-pit mine and a method for single-sided backfilling and excavation mining at the end face of an open-pit mine, which can realize the recovery of coal resources and reduce surface subsidence. Patent CN112855162A discloses a method for mining the upper coal seam of the end face in a composite coal seam open-pit mine, which establishes criteria for segmented recovery of the upper coal seam of the end face and determines the feasibility and mining method of segmented recovery through calculation. Patent CN115391897A discloses a method for determining the step distance for parallel development of internal spoil heaps in adjacent open-pit mines. This method compares the stability coefficients and safety reserve coefficients corresponding to each level of the composite slope spoil heap to calculate the parallel development step distance of the internal spoil heap. Patent CN110348645A discloses a method for maximizing the utilization of internal spoil space in open-pit coal mines to arrange spoil lines. This method derives the working line of the spoil heap by establishing a calculation model and drawing spatial geometry. Patent CN111894593A discloses a method for achieving rapid internal spoil heap in metal open-pit mine slope mining. This method uses the method of controlling the height difference between the post-mining area and the first mining area to create internal spoil heap conditions for the post-mining area, the first mining area, and the auxiliary mining area. Some of these patents studied the filling technology and mining methods during end-slope mining, but did not involve the construction of internal spoil heaps; others only studied the rational construction of internal spoil heaps in open-pit mines, but did not consider the construction of internal spoil heaps under end-slope mining conditions. Using end-slope mining to recover residual coal easily leads to a decrease in slope stability, and the lack of timely internal spoil heap results in large production transportation distances and poor economic benefits. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a construction method for open-pit mine spoil heaps that can help ensure the safety of end-slope mining operations and provide technical support for safe end-slope mining operations. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of the existing technology, this invention provides a construction method for open-pit mine spoil heaps that facilitates safe end-slope mining, comprising:

[0004] Step 1: When the working face I of the mining area advances to a certain position and can be used to construct the inner spoil heap II, the bottom line of the inner spoil heap slope needs to maintain a safe distance from the bottom line of the working face slope of the mining area.

[0005] Step 2: Determine the initial working area III for end-side mining, i.e., the length and width of the initial working area, according to the needs of the end-side mining machine operation;

[0006] Step 3: According to the design specifications for open-pit coal mines, determine the initial safe working zone IV for end-side mining, which is the sum of the length and width of the initial working zone and the safe distance.

[0007] Step 4: When the internal spoil heap is constructed up to the bottom plate of the end-side coal seam V, construction shall be stopped along the side of the end-side VI where mining is being carried out;

[0008] Step 5: Continue to raise the inner spoil heap construction to the side of the unmined end VII, outside the initial safe zone IV, according to the spoil heap design parameters;

[0009] Step 6: After the end-side mining has progressed a certain distance towards the working side of the mining area, determine the normal operating area VIII and the normal operating safety area IX of the end-side mining.

[0010] Step 7: Begin constructing the internal spoil heap along the side of the mining end, with the construction direction being towards the working side of the mining area and the side of the unmined end.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0012] 1. The method proposed in this invention makes full use of the pressure effect of the internal spoil heap to improve the stability of open-pit coal mine slopes under end-side mining conditions, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of slope landslide geological disasters induced by end-side mining; at the same time, it reduces the stripping and transportation distance of open-pit coal mine production during end-side mining, thereby improving economic benefits.

[0013] 2. The method proposed in this invention can effectively guide the construction of internal spoil heaps under open-pit mine end-side mining conditions, providing technical support for safe and efficient open-pit mining. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the current status of the stripping and drainage project in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the current state of the stripping and drainage project in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the initial working area for end-slope mining in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the initial working area for end-slope mining in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the initial safe working area for end-slope mining in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the construction of the raised internal spoil heap in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the formation of a normal working area and a normal working safety area in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the construction direction of the internal spoil heap in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the construction process of the internal spoil heap in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] In the diagram: Ⅰ. Working side of the mining area, Ⅱ. Internal spoil heap, Ⅲ. Initial working area for end-side mining, Ⅳ. Initial safe working area for end-side mining, Ⅴ. Bottom of the coal seam being mined from the end-side, Ⅵ. End-side being mined, Ⅶ. End-side not being mined, Ⅷ. Normal working area for end-side mining, Ⅸ. Normal safe working area for end-side mining. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0025] A construction method for an open-pit mine spoil heap that contributes to safety during end-face mining includes the following steps:

[0026] Step 1: When the working face I of the mining area advances to a certain position and the inner spoil heap II can be constructed, the bottom line of the inner spoil heap slope needs to maintain a safe distance from the bottom line of the working face slope of the mining area.

[0027] In this embodiment, when the working face I of the mining area advances to a certain position and can construct the inner spoil heap II, the bottom line of the inner spoil heap slope needs to maintain a safe distance of 50m from the bottom line of the working face slope of the mining area. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown.

[0028] Step 2: Determine the initial working area III for end-side mining, i.e., the length and width of the initial working area, according to the needs of the end-side mining machine operation.

[0029] In this embodiment, based on the needs of the end-side coal mining machine operation, the initial working area III for end-side mining is determined, that is, the length of the initial working area is 50m and the width is 50m, as follows: Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown.

[0030] Step 3: According to the design specifications for open-pit coal mines, determine the initial safe working area IV for end-face mining, which is the sum of the length and width of the initial working area and the safety distance. Initial working area length + safety distance = initial safe working area length; initial working area width + safety distance = initial safe working area width.

[0031] In this embodiment, in accordance with the design specifications for open-pit coal mines, the initial safe working area IV for end-side mining is determined, which is the sum of the length (50m) and width (50m) of the initial working area and the safe distance (50m), respectively. Figure 5 As shown.

[0032] Step 4: When the internal spoil heap is constructed up to the bottom plate of the end-side coal seam V, construction shall be stopped along the side of the end-side VI where mining is being carried out.

[0033] In this embodiment, when the internal spoil heap is constructed up to the bottom plate of the end-side coal seam (V), construction stops along the side of the end-side (VI) where mining is taking place. Figure 1 As shown.

[0034] Step 5: Continue to raise the inner spoil heap construction to the side of the unmined end VII, outside the initial safe zone IV, according to the spoil heap design parameters.

[0035] In this embodiment, outside the initial safe working zone IV, the construction of the inner spoil heap continues to extend towards the unmined end VII side, according to the spoil heap design parameters, such as... Figure 6 As shown.

[0036] Step 6: After the end-side mining has progressed a certain distance towards the working side of the mining area, determine the normal operating area VIII and the normal operating safety area IX of the end-side mining.

[0037] In this embodiment, after the end-side mining has progressed a certain distance of 100m towards the working side of the mining area, the normal operating area VIII and the normal operating safety area IX of the end-side mining are determined, such as... Figure 7 As shown.

[0038] Step 7: Begin constructing the internal spoil heap along one side of the end face where mining is taking place, with the construction direction being towards both the working side of the mining area and the unmined end face.

[0039] In this embodiment, outside the normal operating area VIII and the normal operating safety area IX, construction of an internal spoil heap begins along one side of the end face being mined. The construction direction is towards both sides of the working side of the mining area and the unmined end face. Figure 8 As shown.

[0040] Step 8: As the end-side mining and working face advance, the inner spoil heap is constructed in step 7. Once the inner spoil heap on the mining side of end-side VII is connected to the inner spoil heap on the unmined side of end-side VII, the inner spoil heap is constructed towards the working face of the mining area according to the spoil heap parameters.

[0041] In this embodiment, as the end-side mining and working face advance, once the inner spoil heap on the mining side of end-side VII is connected to the inner spoil heap on the unmined side of end-side VII, the inner spoil heap is constructed towards the working face of the mining area according to the spoil heap parameters, such as... Figure 9 As shown.

Claims

1. A method for construction of a dump in an open pit mine to facilitate safe benching mining, characterized in that, Comprising: Step 1: When the stope working bank I advances to a certain position, the internal dump II can be built, and the safety distance between the slope bottom line of the internal dump and the slope bottom line of the stope working bank needs to be maintained; Step 2: According to the needs of the end-bank coal mining machine operation, the initial operation area III of the end-bank mining is determined, that is, the length and width of the initial operation area; Step 3: According to the coal industry open-pit mine design specification, the initial operation safety area IV of the end-bank mining is determined, that is, the length and width of the initial operation area are summed with the safety distance respectively; Step 4: When the internal dump is built to the end-bank mining coal seam floor V, the construction along the side of the end-bank VI being mined is stopped; Step 5: Continue to increase the internal dump construction according to the dump design parameters in the area outside the initial operation safety area IV to the side of the end-bank VII not being mined; Step 6: After the end-bank mining mines a certain distance to the side of the stope working bank, the normal operation area VIII and the normal operation safety area IX of the end-bank mining are determined; Step 7: Start the internal dump construction along the side of the end-bank being mined, and the construction direction is to the side of the stope working bank and the end-bank not being mined.

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