A composite deep hole machining device and its machining method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of deep hole machining, and discloses a composite deep hole machining device and a machining method thereof, including a drill bit; the drill bit includes a tool body, and a connecting thread is provided at the rear of the tool body; radially distributed and staggered mounting parts are arranged at the front end of the tool body, and cutting blades are mounted on the mounting parts; the cutting blades include outer cutting blades and center cutting blades; the outer cutting blades are used for deep hole drilling, flat bottom and chamfering machining; the center cutting blades are used for deep hole drilling machining; the outer cutting blades are hexagonal indexable cutting blades; chip breaking grooves are provided on the cutting blades; a chip removal groove is provided inside the tool body, and the inside of the connecting part is hollow and communicated with the chip removal groove; several guide blocks are arranged on the outer side surface of the tool body along the axis of the tool body. The present invention can complete the machining of composite deep holes with a single tool, has high machining efficiency, low machining cost, and can ensure better machining quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of deep hole machining, and particularly relates to a composite deep hole machining device and a machining method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the machining of mechanical parts, drilling accounts for 30%-40% of the total machining volume. Moreover, with the development of aerospace technology, large mechanical equipment, and special high-end equipment, the machining quality and requirements for holes in high-end mechanical parts have also been further improved. In mechanical parts, the machining of holes itself is a major difficulty, and deep holes have become the most challenging technology in hole machining due to their extremely large length-to-diameter ratio and the fact that the machining process is in a closed or semi-closed state.

[0003] Furthermore, currently, most of the tools for deep hole machining are single-function deep hole drills, boring tools, rolling tools, etc. In machining, for some special deep hole blind hole parts, not only deep hole drilling is required, but also the bottom shape of the hole often has special shape machining requirements such as flat bottom, arc, and chamfer, which cannot be achieved by single-function tools. For the machining of such parts, the usual machining process is to first use a common deep hole drilling tool for deep hole drilling, and then use special deep hole drilling tools with flat bottom and chamfer or arc to machine the bottom of the hole respectively. However, using this machining method, the shape and position errors are relatively large, and the machining efficiency is relatively low. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a composite deep hole machining device and a machining method thereof, which can complete the machining of composite deep holes with a single tool, have high machining efficiency, low machining cost, and can ensure good machining quality.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] Solution 1

[0007] A composite deep hole machining device includes a drill bit; the drill bit includes a tool body, and a connecting thread is provided at the rear of the tool body; radially distributed and staggered mounting parts are arranged at the front end of the tool body, and cutting blades are mounted on the mounting parts; the cutting blades include outer cutting blades and a center cutting blade; the outer cutting blades are used for deep hole drilling, flat bottom and chamfer machining; the center cutting blade is used for deep hole drilling; the outer cutting blades are hexagonal indexable cutting blades; the three cutting edges of the outer cutting blades are respectively located on the top surface of the mounting part, the front section of the outer side surface of the mounting part, and the rear section of the outer side surface of the mounting part, and the cutting edge located on the top surface of the mounting part and the cutting edge located on the front section of the outer side surface of the mounting part are respectively used for participating in cutting to form a flat bottom and a chamfer, and the cutting edge located on the rear section of the outer side surface of the mounting part is used to ensure sizing.

[0008] Chip breaking grooves are provided on all the blades; a chip removal groove is provided inside the tool body, and the inside of the connecting part is hollow and communicated with the chip removal groove; several guiding blocks are provided on the outer side surface of the tool body along the axis of the tool body.

[0009] Solution Two

[0010] A composite deep hole machining method uses a composite deep hole machining device as described in Solution One for drilling.

[0011] The working principle and advantages of the present invention are as follows: An outer blade and a center blade are respectively installed on the installation part at the front end of the tool body. The two types of blades can respectively process different features. The center blade undertakes the deep hole drilling work, and the outer blade completes the processing of special composite features such as flat bottom and chamfer. It can simultaneously complete the processing of multiple machining features, with relatively high processing efficiency. Moreover, the outer blade can also assist the center blade in drilling, ensuring better drilling quality.

[0012] This solution uses a combination installation of two blades, which can effectively reduce the number of tools, improve processing efficiency, and reduce processing costs. And since there is no need to repeatedly replace and adjust the tools, the machining errors and positioning errors caused during adjustment are reduced, ensuring the machining quality of the workpiece. In particular, the positions of the blades in this solution are special, which can keep the three cutting edges of the outer blade respectively undertake the processing of the composite features of flat bottom and chamfer and the maintenance of diameter sizing, and the cutting edge of the center blade undertakes the drilling of the hole. Although the number of tools is reduced, the feature processing is still directional and precise machining, with a high degree of feature processing fineness, and a relatively high machining accuracy can be achieved.

[0013] The guiding blocks are arranged on the outer side surface of the tool body along the axis of the tool body, which can play a role in supporting the hole wall and ensuring the accuracy of deep hole drilling; the setting of the chip breaking groove can effectively control the chip breaking shape and chip removal direction, and the chip removal groove communicated with the hollow part of the connecting part enables the drill chips to be timely discharged outside the machining hole of the part through the cutting fluid when machining a composite deep hole. In this way, the problem of difficult chip removal can be fundamentally solved, and the surface accuracy of composite deep hole machining can be effectively improved. Description of the Drawings

[0014] Figure 1 It is the three-view drawing of the overall structure of the device of Embodiment One of a composite deep hole machining device and its machining method of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 It is the first schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of Embodiment One of a composite deep hole machining device and its machining method of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 It is the second schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of Embodiment One of a composite deep hole machining device and its machining method of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4Schematic diagram of the outer blade structure of the first embodiment of a composite deep hole machining device and its machining method according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the center blade structure of the first embodiment of a composite deep hole machining device and its machining method according to the present invention;

[0019] Figure 6 Three - view drawings of the tool body structure of the first embodiment of a composite deep hole machining device and its machining method according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 7 First schematic diagram of the tool body structure of the first embodiment of a composite deep hole machining device and its machining method according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 8 Second schematic diagram of the tool body structure of the first embodiment of a composite deep hole machining device and its machining method according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the guide block structure of the first embodiment of a composite deep hole machining device and its machining method according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the corresponding positions of the three cutting edges of the outer blade of the first embodiment of a composite deep hole machining device and its machining method according to the present invention. Detailed implementation mode

[0024] The following is a further detailed description through specific implementation modes:

[0025] The marks in the attached drawings of the specification include: tool body 1, first installation part 2, first blade groove 21, outer blade 22, second installation part 3, second blade groove 31, center blade 32, installation hole 33, chip - breaking groove 34, chip - discharging groove 4, guide installation groove 5, guide block 6, connection thread 7, positioning table 71.

[0026] Embodiment 1

[0027] The embodiment is basically as shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown: A composite deep - hole machining device includes a drill bit; the drill bit includes a tool body 1, and a connection thread 7 is provided at the rear of the tool body 1. Specifically, double positioning tables 71 are also provided on the tool body 1, which can better assist in positioning the overall position of the tool and ensure the connection accuracy. In this embodiment, the connection thread 7 adopts a square thread.

[0028] In addition, the compound deep hole pre-processed in this embodiment refers to a hole whose bottom surface includes one or more features such as a flat bottom, a chamfer, an arc, etc., and the ratio of the hole depth to the hole diameter L / d≥5. Such holes are prone to having the surface roughness of the hole not meeting the processing requirements due to poor chip evacuation; and due to the large hole depth, they are prone to drilling obliquely; the processing features of the hole bottom surface are complex and difficult to process.

[0029] A radially distributed and staggered mounting portion is provided at the end of the tool body 1, and a cutting blade is mounted on the mounting portion; the cutting blade includes an outer cutting blade 22 and a center cutting blade 32. Specifically, the mounting portion includes a first mounting portion 2 and a second mounting portion 3; the first mounting portion 2 and the second mounting portion 3 approximately divide the end of the tool body 1 into four parts. And a first blade groove 21 for mounting the outer cutting blade 22 is provided on the first mounting portion 2, and a second blade groove 31 for mounting the center cutting blade 32 is provided on the second mounting portion 3. The first blade groove 21 is a groove with openings on both the top surface and one side surface, and the openings are on the top and the outer side surface of the first mounting portion 2; the second blade groove 31 is a groove with an opening on the top surface, and the opening is located at the top of the second mounting portion 3. The shape and size of the first blade groove 21 and the second blade groove 31 are respectively adapted to the outer cutting blade 22 and the center cutting blade 32.

[0030] As shown in the attached Figure 4 figure, the outer cutting blade 22 is used for deep hole drilling, flat bottom and chamfer processing. As shown in the attached Figure 5 figure, the center cutting blade 32 is used for deep hole drilling; the three cutting edges of the outer cutting blade 22 are respectively located on the top surface of the first mounting portion 2, the front section of the outer side surface of the first mounting portion 2, and the rear section of the outer side surface of the first mounting portion 2, and the cutting edge located on the top surface of the first mounting portion 2 and the cutting edge located on the front section of the outer side surface of the first mounting portion 2 are respectively used for participating in cutting to form a flat bottom and a chamfer, and the cutting edge located on the rear section of the outer side surface of the first mounting portion 2 is used to ensure sizing; the corresponding positions of the three cutting edges are as shown in the attached Figure 10 figure.

[0031] The center cutting blade 32 is a positive triangular indexable cutting blade with a deflection angle, and one cutting edge of the center cutting blade 32 is located on the top surface of the second mounting portion 3 and is used for participating in drilling.

[0032] Chip breakage grooves 34 are provided on all the cutting blades; the groove width of the chip breakage groove 34 on the outer cutting blade 22 is 1.5 - 2.8 mm, and the groove depth of the chip breakage groove 34 on the outer cutting blade 22 is 0.5 - 0.8 mm. The groove width of the chip breakage groove 34 on the center cutting blade 32 is 1.5 - 2.8 mm, and the groove depth of the chip breakage groove 34 on the center cutting blade 32 is 0.4 - 0.6 mm. With such a setting, the size of the chip breakage groove 34 is set appropriately, which can finely guide and control the chip breakage shape and chip breakage direction, achieve a better chip evacuation effect, and improve the usability of the internal chip evacuation type tool.

[0033] A chip removal groove 4 is provided inside the tool body 1. The inside of the tool body 1 is hollow and communicates with the chip removal groove 4. A plurality of guide blocks 6 arranged along the axis of the tool body 1 are provided on the outer side surface of the tool body 1. A connection hole is provided at the center of the guide block 6, and the connection hole is a screw hole, and the guide block 6 can be locked in the guide installation groove 5 by screws or the like.

[0034] A plurality of guide installation grooves 5 for installing the guide blocks 6 are provided on the tool body 1; the guide installation groove 5 includes a rectangular groove and key grooves communicating with both ends of the rectangular groove. Specifically, the guide blocks 6 include three groups, and the three groups of guide blocks 6 are evenly distributed around the axis of the tool body 1.

[0035] Mounting holes 33 are provided at the centers of the blades; different threaded holes matching the mounting holes 33 are provided on the first blade groove 21 and the second blade groove 31. Specifically, through the mounting holes 33 and the threaded holes, the outer blades 22 and the center blades 32 can be firmly fixed in the first blade groove 21 and the second blade groove 31 by screws or the like to ensure reliable blade installation.

[0036] This embodiment also provides a composite deep hole machining method, which uses a composite deep hole machining device as described above for drilling. When using this device, the tool body 1 (i.e., the drill bit) is connected to the drill pipe through the connecting thread 7, and the length of the drill pipe corresponds to the hole depth to facilitate the completion of deep hole machining. High-pressure cutting fluid is injected through the gap between the outer circle of the drill pipe and the hole wall, and then the chips generated during the drilling of this device will be discharged together with the cutting fluid through the chip removal hole and the central hole of the drill pipe, which can effectively ensure smooth chip removal. At the same time, during the machining process, the plurality of guide blocks 6 on the tool body 1 can accurately guide, thereby assisting in achieving a higher machining accuracy.

[0037] The composite deep hole machining device and its machining method provided in this embodiment fully consider the requirements of high quality and high efficiency in composite deep hole machining, and can effectively solve the problems in existing composite deep hole machining, such as a large number of tools, the need to repeatedly replace tools, low machining efficiency, high machining cost, and it is not easy to ensure the machining quality of workpieces. Using a single drill bit can complete the machining of composite deep holes without repeatedly replacing tools, and there is no machining error caused by tool replacement.

[0038] Moreover, in this solution, the external blade 22 and the center blade 32 are used for combined machining. The center blade 32 undertakes the deep hole drilling work, and the external blade 22 completes the machining of special composite features such as flat bottom and chamfer. Moreover, the three cutting edges of the external blade 22 are respectively used for machining the flat bottom and chamfer and maintaining the constant diameter. It can complete the machining of multiple machining features synchronously. While achieving a high machining efficiency, it can naturally ensure that the overall hole diameter and the overall machining size meet the standards through the external blade 22, with high machining quality. In addition, the external blade 22 can also assist the center blade 32 in drilling and can ensure good drilling quality. In addition, several guiding blocks 6 are provided in this solution. The installation positions of each guiding block 6 are specially limited, which can effectively prevent the deviation of the hole, ensure the drilling accuracy and surface finish, and help improve the tool life.

[0039] Embodiment 2

[0040] A composite deep hole machining device, which is different from Embodiment 1 in that: in this embodiment, the groove width of the chip breaker groove 34 on the external blade 22 is 2.1 mm, and the groove depth of the chip breaker groove 34 on the external blade 22 is 0.65 mm. The groove width of the chip breaker groove 34 on the center blade 32 is 2.2 mm, and the groove depth of the chip breaker groove 34 on the center blade 32 is 0.5 mm.

[0041] In this embodiment, the size and shape of the chip breaker groove 34 are more appropriate, and the chip breaking performance and chip evacuation performance are better. The chips generated during drilling can be broken into shorter chips that are easier to evacuate through the chip breaker groove 34. Moreover, the chip breaker groove 34 can more accurately guide the chip direction and chip shape, making the chip shape meet the machining requirements and effectively guiding the chips to evacuate to avoid poor chip evacuation.

[0042] Embodiment 3

[0043] A composite deep hole machining device, which is different from Embodiment 1 in that: in this embodiment, there is a certain distance between the two guiding blocks 6 in the first group of guiding blocks and the second group of guiding blocks. And in the first group of guiding blocks and the second group of guiding blocks, the guiding block 6 close to the connecting thread 7, and the third group of guiding blocks are approximately located at the 1 / 2 position of the whole tool body 1 and the connecting thread 7 (based on the axis of the connecting hole at the center of the guiding block 6).

[0044] In this embodiment, the position arrangement of each guiding block 6 is more appropriate. Through the cooperation of the three groups of guiding blocks 6, a comprehensive and accurate guiding effect can be achieved, which helps to further improve the guiding accuracy and thus improve the machining accuracy.

[0045] The above are only embodiments of the present invention. Common knowledge such as specific structures and characteristics known in the art has not been described in detail herein. Those of ordinary skill in the art know all the common general technical knowledge in the technical field to which the invention pertains before the filing date or the priority date, are able to learn all the existing technologies in this field, and have the ability to apply the conventional experimental means before this date. Those of ordinary skill in the art can, under the inspiration given in this application, complete and implement this solution in combination with their own abilities. Some typical well-known structures or well-known methods should not become obstacles for those of ordinary skill in the art to implement this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the implementation effect of the present invention and the practicality of the patent.

Claims

1. A composite deep hole machining device, comprising a drill bit; the drill bit includes a tool body, and a connecting thread is provided at the rear of the tool body; characterized in that, The front end of the tool body is provided with radially distributed and staggered mounting parts, and blades are mounted on the mounting parts; the blades include outer blades and center blades; the outer blades are used for deep hole drilling, flat bottom and chamfering; the center blades are used for deep hole drilling; the outer blades are hexagonal indexable blades; the three cutting edges of the outer blades are respectively located on the top surface of the mounting part, the front section of the outer side surface of the mounting part and the rear section of the outer side surface of the mounting part, and the cutting edges located on the top surface of the mounting part and the front section of the outer side surface of the mounting part are respectively used for participating in cutting to form a flat bottom and a chamfer, and the cutting edge located on the rear section of the outer side surface of the mounting part is used to ensure the sizing. Chip-breaking grooves are provided on the blades; a chip evacuation groove is provided inside the tool body, and the inside of the tool body is hollow and communicates with the chip evacuation groove; several guiding blocks are provided on the outer side surface of the tool body along the axis of the tool body. The mounting parts include a first mounting part and a second mounting part; a first blade groove for mounting the outer blade is provided on the first mounting part, and a second blade groove for mounting the center blade is provided on the second mounting part; the first blade groove is a groove with openings on both the top surface and one side surface, and the openings are at the top and the outer side surface of the first mounting part; the second blade groove is a groove with an opening on the top surface, and the opening is at the top of the second mounting part. The guiding blocks include three groups, and the three groups of guiding blocks are evenly distributed around the axis of the tool body; and one group of guiding blocks is aligned with the second blade groove; there is a certain distance between the two guiding blocks in the first group of guiding blocks and the second group of guiding blocks; and based on the axis of the connecting hole at the center of the guiding block, among the first group of guiding blocks and the second group of guiding blocks, the guiding block close to the connecting thread, and the third group of guiding blocks are all located at the 1 / 2 position of the whole tool body and the connecting thread.

2. The composite deep hole machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The groove width of the chip-breaking groove on the outer blade is 1.5 - 2.8 mm, and the groove depth of the chip-breaking groove on the outer blade is 0.5 - 0.8 mm.

3. A composite deep hole machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The groove width of the chip-breaking groove on the center blade is 1.5 - 2.8 mm, and the groove depth of the chip-breaking groove on the center blade is 0.4 - 0.6 mm.

4. A composite deep hole machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several guiding installation grooves for installing the guiding blocks are provided on the tool body; the guiding installation groove includes a rectangular groove and key grooves communicating with both ends of the rectangular groove.

5. The composite deep hole machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Mounting holes are provided at the centers of the blades; different threaded holes matching the mounting holes are provided on the first blade groove and the second blade groove.

6. The composite deep hole machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Double positioning platforms are also provided on the connecting thread part of the tool body.

7. A composite deep hole machining method, characterized in that, Drilling is carried out by using a composite deep hole processing device as described in any one of claims 1 - 6.

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