A control system and a neutral cold atom quantum system

Abstract

The present application discloses a control system and a neutral cold atom quantum system, which are applied to the control field. The system can count the number of pulses of the pulse signal to be measured and sample the working parameters of the control module to obtain the pulse signal to be measured currently output by the photomultiplier tube and the current working state of the control module, and then the host computer generates a working instruction based on the counting result and the sampling parameter, and performs closed-loop control on the control module to stabilize the working parameters of the control module at the target parameter. In addition, the various modules included in the control system in the present application are integrated on the same PCB board, and do not exist separately, which can improve the speed of signal transmission between the modules, and can avoid the delay of signal transmission to a certain extent. When this control system is applied to the neutral cold atom quantum system, experimental data can be extracted more accurately.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of control, and in particular to a control system and a neutral cold atom quantum system. Background Art

[0002] Neutral cold atom quantum experiments typically involve the preparation of cold atom clusters and arrays, as well as the preparation and manipulation of single-atom internal states. To achieve this, magneto-optical traps and micro-optical dipole traps are required. Finely controlling the cold atoms requires microsecond-scale laser on-off timing, while simultaneously reading out the quantum state through laser excitation and photon counting.

[0003] Therefore, it is very necessary to provide a high-integration, low-latency and high-precision control system for the neutral cold atom quantum system to achieve reliable control of the neutral cold atom quantum system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a control system and a neutral cold atom quantum system, wherein the modules are integrated on a single PCB board rather than existing separately. This increases the speed of signal transmission between the modules and, to a certain extent, avoids signal transmission delays. When the control system is applied to a neutral cold atom quantum system, experimental data can be extracted more accurately.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a control system applied to a neutral cold atom quantum system, wherein the neutral cold atom quantum system includes a photomultiplier tube for outputting a pulse signal to be measured, and a control module for controlling an external system of the neutral cold atom quantum system; the control system includes a central control module, a counter function module, a control signal function module, and a feedback control function module integrated on the same PCB board;

[0006] The central control module is configured to feed back the sampling parameters output by the feedback control function module and the counting result output by the counter function module to the host computer, so that the host computer generates a work instruction based on the feedback data and the counting result, and sends the work instruction output by the host computer to the control signal function module;

[0007] The counter function module is used to count the number of pulses of the pulse signal to be measured output by the photomultiplier tube to obtain the counting result;

[0008] The control signal function module is used to generate a corresponding preset waveform according to the working instruction to control the control module in the neutral cold atom quantum system;

[0009] The feedback control function module is used to sample the working parameters of the control module to obtain sampling parameters, and perform closed-loop control on the control module based on the difference between the target parameters corresponding to the working instructions and the working parameters, so as to stabilize the working parameters of the control module at the target parameters.

[0010] Preferably, the counter function module includes a discriminator and a counter;

[0011] The discriminator is used to process the amplitude and width of the pulse signal exceeding the preset level in the pulse signal to be tested so that the amplitude and width meet the preset standard;

[0012] The counter is used to receive the pulse signal output by the discriminator and count the rising edge or falling edge of the pulse signal to obtain the counting result.

[0013] Preferably, the feedback control function module includes a feedback controller module and a feedback controller peripheral circuit, and the feedback controller peripheral circuit includes a first analog-to-digital converter and a first digital-to-analog converter;

[0014] The analog-to-digital converter is used to convert the sampling parameters from analog quantities to digital quantities to obtain the sampling parameters of the digital quantities;

[0015] The feedback controller module is configured to perform a proportional-integral-differential operation on the difference between the sampling parameter of the digital quantity and the target parameter to generate a control signal;

[0016] The first digital-to-analog converter is used to convert the control signal from a digital quantity to an analog quantity to obtain an analog control signal, so as to control the control module so that the working parameters of the control module are stabilized at the target parameters.

[0017] Preferably, the control module includes a laser and a coil, and the control signal function module includes an arbitrary waveform generator, a direct digital synthesizer, and a pulse sequence generator;

[0018] Sending the work instruction output by the host computer to the control signal function module includes:

[0019] Sending the waveform data to the arbitrary waveform generator function module, sending the frequency, amplitude and phase of the waveform to the direct digital synthesizer, and sending the pulse data to the pulse train generator;

[0020] The arbitrary waveform generator function module is used to output a corresponding preset waveform according to the waveform data configured by the central control module;

[0021] The direct digital synthesizer is used to generate a radio frequency signal based on the frequency, phase and amplitude of the waveform configured by the central control module to control the frequency, amplitude and phase of the laser;

[0022] The pulse sequence generator is used to generate a timing pulse signal according to the pulse data configured by the central control module to provide a working timing for the laser and the coil.

[0023] Preferably, the arbitrary waveform generator includes an arbitrary waveform generator module and an arbitrary waveform generator output circuit; the arbitrary waveform generator includes a data distribution module, a plurality of different data processing modules and a data buffer module, and the arbitrary waveform generator output circuit includes a second digital-to-analog converter and an output conditioning circuit;

[0024] The data distribution module is used to classify the types of the received waveform data and send the classified waveform data to the data processing module corresponding to the data type;

[0025] The data processing module is used to process the received waveform data to generate a corresponding waveform;

[0026] The data buffer module is used to convert the high-bit-width and low-speed data in the waveform output by the data processing module into low-bit-width and high-speed data;

[0027] The second digital-to-analog converter is used to convert the digital waveform output by the data buffer module into an analog waveform and output the analog waveform;

[0028] The output conditioning circuit is used to perform filtering and / or gain adjustment and / or bias processing on the analog waveform.

[0029] Preferably, the direct digital synthesizer functional module includes a direct digital synthesizer control module, a direct digital synthesizer, a third digital-to-analog converter and a gain amplifier circuit;

[0030] The direct digital synthesizer control module is used to configure the frequency and phase of the direct digital synthesizer according to the frequency and phase of the received waveform;

[0031] The direct digital synthesizer is used to generate a radio frequency signal according to a configured frequency and phase.

[0032] The third digital-to-analog converter is used to convert the amplitude information output by the direct digital synthesizer control module from a digital quantity to an analog quantity;

[0033] The gain amplifier circuit is used to amplify the amplitude of the radio frequency signal according to the amplitude information of the analog quantity.

[0034] Preferably, the pulse sequence generator functional module includes a pulse generator module and a pulse generator output circuit.

[0035] The pulse generator module is used to analyze the pulse data to output a pulse waveform with a preset level and a preset pulse width corresponding to the pulse information;

[0036] The pulse generator output circuit is used to perform bias processing on the waveform generated by the pulse generator module to provide the above-mentioned working timing for the laser and the coil.

[0037] Preferably, the central control module is further configured to configure the counter function module, the control signal function module and the feedback control function module according to initialization parameters sent by the host computer.

[0038] Preferably, it further comprises a storage module integrated on the same PCB board, for storing the working instructions sent by the host computer, the initialization parameters, the sampling parameters and the counting results.

[0039] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application also provides a neutral cold atom quantum system, including a photomultiplier tube for outputting a pulse signal to be measured, a control module and the control system described above.

[0040] The present application provides a control system for use in the field of control. The system includes a central control module, a counter function module, a control signal function module, and a feedback control function module. The system can count the number of pulses of the pulse signal to be measured and sample the working parameters of the control module to obtain the pulse signal to be measured currently output by the photomultiplier tube and the current working state of the control module. Then, the host computer generates a work instruction based on the counting result, the sampling parameters, and the target pulse signal to be measured, and performs closed-loop control on the control module and the photomultiplier tube to stabilize the output pulse signal at the expected pulse signal. In addition, the various modules included in the control system in the present application are integrated on the same PCB board and do not exist separately. This can increase the speed of signal transmission between the modules and avoid the delay of signal transmission to a certain extent. When this control system is applied to a neutral cold atom quantum system, experimental data can be extracted more accurately.

[0041] The present application also provides a neutral cold atom quantum system, which has the same beneficial effects as the control system described above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the prior art and the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0043] Figure 1 A structural block diagram of a control system provided in this application;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a feedback control function module provided by this application;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of a control signal function module provided by this application;

[0046] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the control system operation flow provided for this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The core of the present invention is to provide a control system and a neutral cold atom quantum system. The modules included are integrated on the same PCB board, rather than existing separately. This can increase the speed of signal transmission between the modules and, to a certain extent, avoid signal transmission delays. When this control system is applied to the neutral cold atom quantum system, experimental data can be extracted more accurately.

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a control system provided in the present application, which is applied to a neutral cold atom quantum system. The neutral cold atom quantum system includes a photomultiplier tube for outputting a pulse signal to be measured, and a control module for controlling an external system of the neutral cold atom quantum system. The control system includes a central control module 11, a counter function module 12, a control signal function module 13, and a feedback control function module 14, all integrated on the same PCB (Printed Circuit Board).

[0050] The central control module 11 is used to feed back the sampling parameters output by the feedback control function module and the counting results output by the counter function module to the host computer, so that the host computer generates a work instruction based on the feedback data, the counting results and the target parameters of the control module, and sends the work instruction output by the host computer to the control signal function module 13;

[0051] The counter function module 12 is used to count the number of pulses of the pulse signal to be measured output by the photomultiplier tube to obtain a counting result;

[0052] A control signal function module 13 is used to generate a corresponding preset waveform according to the working instruction to control the control module in the neutral cold atom quantum system;

[0053] The feedback control function module 14 is used to sample the working parameters of the control module to obtain sampling parameters, and perform closed-loop control on the control module based on the difference between the target parameters corresponding to the working instructions and the working parameters, so that the working parameters of the control module are stabilized at the target parameters.

[0054] Specifically, the neutral cold atom quantum system includes a control module and a photomultiplier tube, by controlling the control module, so that the control module outputs a control signal to control the external system (such as an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) etc.) in the neutral cold atom quantum system to operate in a target state, and the mode of obtaining the state of the external system in the present application is: by outputting and analyzing the photomultiplier tube, so as to indirectly obtain the current state of the external system. Due to the various reasons present in the system, the operating state of the external system may not be the target state. Therefore, the present application provides a kind of reliable control system, in which a central control module 11, a counter function module 12, a control signal function module 13 and a feedback control function module 14 are provided, wherein the central control module 11 is the effect of signal transmission, for transmitting data and signals etc. between a host computer and each module. Specifically, the counter function module 12 is used to count the number of pulses of the pulse signal to be measured output by the photomultiplier tube to obtain a counting result. The feedback control function module 14 is used to sample the working parameters of the control module to obtain sampling parameters. The central control module 11 transmits the counting result and sampling parameters to the host computer. The host computer calculates based on the target parameter of the control signal, the counting result and the sampling parameter, and outputs the corresponding working instruction. The central control module 11 outputs the working instruction output by the host computer to the control signal function module 13, so that the control signal function module 13 outputs a preset waveform corresponding to the working instruction to control the control module. In addition, the feedback control module performs closed-loop adjustment on the working parameters of the control module so that the working parameters of the control module are stabilized at the target parameters corresponding to the working instruction, thereby realizing closed-loop adjustment of the control module. Since the control module controls the external system (such as the acousto-optic modulator, etc.) in the neutral cold atom quantum system, closed-loop adjustment of the external system is also realized, so that the external system remains stable, thereby improving the reliability of the operation of the neutral cold atom quantum system.

[0055] Furthermore, all functional modules in the present application are integrated on the same PCB board, that is, the above-mentioned central control module 11, control signal function module 13, feedback control function module 14 and counting module are integrated on the same PCB board. At this time, when the data and signals between the modules need to interact, there is no need to use other physical connections (such as data lines, etc.), and data and signals can be transmitted directly, thereby improving the speed and efficiency of data and signal transmission, and to a certain extent, avoiding problems such as delay and asynchrony caused by physical connections, thereby improving the working performance of each module.

[0056] It should be noted that the control module for controlling the photomultiplier tube in this application may include but is not limited to a laser and a coil. In this case, the specific output preset waveform is used to control the frequency, phase, amplitude and working timing of the laser, as well as the working timing of the coil.

[0057] In summary, the control system in this application can perform closed-loop control of the operating parameters of the control module, and each module is integrated on the same PCB board, which can increase the speed of signal transmission between each module and avoid signal transmission delay to a certain extent. When this control system is applied to a neutral cold atom quantum system, experimental data can be extracted more accurately.

[0058] Based on the above embodiment:

[0059] As a preferred embodiment, the central control module 11 is further configured to configure the counter function module 12 , the control signal function module 13 and the feedback control function module 14 according to the initialization parameters sent by the host computer.

[0060] Furthermore, the central control module 11 in the present application is also used to receive initialization parameters or configuration parameters sent by the host computer to initialize or configure the back-end counter function module 12, control signal function module 13 and feedback control function module 14.

[0061] As a preferred embodiment, it also includes a communication module integrated on the same PCB board and arranged between the central control module 11 and the host computer, which is used to receive work instructions and initialization parameters sent from the host computer, and transmit the counting results and sampling parameters transmitted by the central control module 11 to the host computer.

[0062] As a preferred embodiment, it also includes a storage module integrated on the same PCB board, which is used to store the working instructions, initialization parameters, sampling parameters and counting results sent by the host computer.

[0063] Furthermore, the storage module can also store waveform data or other experimental data generated by the neutral cold atom quantum system during the experiment, so that these data can be queried or called later.

[0064] In addition, the storage module in the present application supports simultaneous access to multi-channel data, and each channel is independent of each other.

[0065] As a preferred embodiment, the counter function module 12 includes a discriminator and a counter;

[0066] A discriminator is used to process the amplitude and width of the pulse signal exceeding the preset level in the pulse signal to be tested so that the amplitude and width meet the preset standards;

[0067] The counter is used to receive the pulse signal output by the discriminator and count the rising edge or falling edge of the pulse signal to obtain a counting result.

[0068] Specifically, generally, the light pulse signals generated in the experiment are converted into electrical signals via photomultiplier tubes, and these electrical signals are important components of the pulse signals to be measured. There are usually some signals whose voltages are not within the preset range in the pulse signals to be measured. Such signals are determined to be noise interference signals, so such models need to be eliminated. Therefore, a discriminator is also provided in this application to process the amplitude and width of the pulse signals that exceed the preset level so that they meet the preset standards, thereby eliminating the noise interference in the pulse signals to be measured. The specific way in which the counter counts the number of pulse signals to be measured output by the photomultiplier tube is as follows: the rising edge or falling edge of the pulse signal is counted to obtain a counting result. In a specific embodiment, the counter counts the rising edge of the pulse signal to obtain a counting result.

[0069] The counter typically needs to be triggered by the edge of a pulse signal generated by the internal pulse train generator module to start or stop counting. Furthermore, during the experiment, the data generated by the counter function module 12 (e.g., the count results) will be temporarily stored in the storage module by the central control module 11. After the experiment is completed, the relevant data in the stored data will be read as needed.

[0070] It can be seen that the method in this embodiment can count the number of pulses in the pulse signal to be tested, and can also adjust the amplitude and width of the pulse signal to be tested that does not meet the preset standard, thereby filtering out interference and clutter signals in the pulse signal to be tested.

[0071] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a feedback control function module provided in this application.

[0072] As a preferred embodiment, the feedback control function module 14 includes a feedback controller module 22 and a feedback controller peripheral circuit 21, and the feedback controller peripheral circuit 21 includes a first analog-to-digital converter and a first digital-to-analog converter;

[0073] An analog-to-digital converter is used to convert the sampling parameters from analog quantities to digital quantities to obtain the sampling parameters of the digital quantities;

[0074] The feedback controller module 22 is used to perform proportional-integral-differential operation on the difference between the sampling parameter of the digital quantity and the target parameter to generate a control signal;

[0075] The first digital-to-analog converter is used to convert the control signal from a digital quantity to an analog quantity to obtain an analog control signal, so as to control the control module so that the working parameters of the control module are stabilized at the target parameters.

[0076] Specifically, in order to ensure the stability of various parameters in the neutral cold atom quantum system, a feedback control function module 14 is also provided in the present application, which specifically includes two parts: a feedback controller peripheral circuit 21 and a feedback controller module 22. Among them, the feedback controller peripheral circuit 21 mainly converts the sampling parameters (feedback input) into digital sampling parameters by the first analog-to-digital converter (ADC); at the same time, the control signal from the feedback controller module 22 will also be converted into an analog control signal as a feedback output through the first digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The feedback controller module 22 is used to perform proportional, integral, and differential operations on the digital sampling parameters and the pre-set values ​​(that is, the target parameters). Specifically, the sampling parameters and the target parameters are compared and the difference is obtained to obtain the error term e, which will be combined with K in the proportional-integral-differential control module. P (proportional parameter), K I (integral parameter), K D The three weights (differential parameters) are respectively subjected to proportional amplification, integration, and differential operations, and the obtained results are finally summed up to serve as a digital waveform for feedback output.

[0077] Specifically, during the working process, the feedback input and feedback output can be returned to the host computer through the central control module 11 in real time, so as to realize real-time monitoring of the system. At the same time, the feedback input and feedback output will also be transmitted to the storage module via the central control module 11 for subsequent inspection.

[0078] Furthermore, in the neutral cold atom quantum system experimental project, the central control module 11 transmits the set value to the feedback control function module 14 and sets K P , K I , K D The error value e will be processed through the above proportional-integral-differential operation to obtain a feedback output close to the set value, thereby stabilizing the working parameters of the control module (specifically, the laser frequency, power and other parameters of the laser).

[0079] As a preferred embodiment, the feedback control function module 14 further includes an input conditioning circuit and an output conditioning circuit;

[0080] The input conditioning circuit is used to perform one or more combinations of filtering, gain adjustment, and bias processing on the sampling parameters;

[0081] The output conditioning circuit is used to perform one or more combinations of filtering, gain adjustment and bias processing on the analog control signal.

[0082] Furthermore, the present application also provides an input conditioning circuit and an output conditioning circuit to filter and / or gain adjust and / or bias the feedback input and feedback output to ensure the reliability of the sampling parameters of the input analog quantity and the output analog control signal.

[0083] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of a control signal function module provided in this application.

[0084] As a preferred embodiment, the control module includes a laser and a coil, and the control signal function module 13 includes an arbitrary waveform generator, a direct digital synthesizer, and a pulse sequence generator;

[0085] The work instruction output by the host computer is sent to the control signal function module 13, including:

[0086] Sending waveform data to the arbitrary waveform generator function module 31, sending the frequency, amplitude and phase of the waveform to the direct digital synthesizer, and sending the pulse data to the pulse train generator;

[0087] The arbitrary waveform generator function module 31 is used to output a corresponding preset waveform according to the waveform data configured by the central control module 11;

[0088] A direct digital synthesizer for generating a radio frequency signal based on the frequency, phase, and amplitude of the waveform configured by the central control module 11 to control the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the laser;

[0089] The pulse sequence generator is used to generate a timing pulse signal according to the pulse data configured by the central control module 11 to provide a working timing for the laser and the coil.

[0090] Specifically, when the control signal function module 13 is divided into three parts: an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) module, a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) module, and a pulse-series generator (PSG) module, the operating instructions output by the host computer include waveform data, waveform frequency, amplitude, phase, and pulse data. In this case, when the central control module 11 distributes different data to each part, the data processing unit from the central control module 11 can distribute the waveform information (waveform data, waveform parameters, or coefficients of the waveform polynomial, etc.) to the three functional modules of the control signal generation module, so that the arbitrary waveform generator function module 31 outputs the corresponding preset waveform according to the waveform data configured by the central control module 11; the direct digital synthesizer generates a radio frequency signal according to the frequency, phase, and amplitude of the waveform configured by the central control module 11 to control the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the laser; and the pulse-series generator generates a timing pulse signal according to the pulse data configured by the central control module 11 to provide the operating timing for the laser and coil.

[0091] The following will introduce these three functional modules respectively:

[0092] As a preferred embodiment, the arbitrary waveform generator includes an arbitrary waveform generator module and an arbitrary waveform generator output circuit; the arbitrary waveform generator includes a data distribution module, a plurality of different data processing modules and a data buffer module, and the arbitrary waveform generator output circuit includes a second digital-to-analog converter and an output conditioning circuit;

[0093] The data distribution module is used to classify the types of the received waveform data and send the classified waveform data to the data processing module corresponding to the data type;

[0094] The data processing module is used to process the received waveform data to generate a corresponding waveform;

[0095] The data buffer module is used to convert the high-bit-width and low-speed data in the waveform output by the data processing module into low-bit-width and high-speed data;

[0096] The second digital-to-analog converter is used to convert the digital waveform output by the data buffer module into an analog waveform and output the analog waveform;

[0097] The output conditioning circuit is used to perform filtering and / or gain adjustment and / or offset processing on the analog waveform.

[0098] Specifically, the arbitrary waveform generator functional module 31 includes an arbitrary waveform generator module and an arbitrary waveform generator output circuit.

[0099] The arbitrary waveform generator module includes a data distribution unit, several data processing modules and a data cache module. The data distribution module distributes the waveform information to different data processing modules according to the type or mode selection of the waveform data. The data cache module can convert the high-bitwidth, low-speed data provided by the above-mentioned several data processing modules into low-bitwidth, high-speed data and output it to the second digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to achieve high sampling rate output. The second digital-to-analog converter (DAC) converts the input digital waveform into an output analog waveform. The output conditioning circuit includes a gain adjustment circuit and a filtering circuit to achieve gain adjustment and filtering of the output waveform, thereby improving the reliability of the output analog waveform.

[0100] Furthermore, when the types of waveform data include three types, the data processing modules in this application also include three types. One is a data transmission module, which is used to process waveform data that meets the preset standards. After the data distribution unit inputs this data into the data transmission module, the data transmission module directly transmits this data to generate the corresponding waveform (for example, such data is square wave data that meets the requirements, or data corresponding to a waveform that needs to be directly output that is actively input by the experimenter, etc., which is not limited in this application). The second is a data generation module, which is used to process data whose waveform data is polynomial data to generate a waveform corresponding to the polynomial data (for example, the polynomial data is y=ax 2 +bx+c or other polynomials), the data generation module here is to calculate the polynomial data to generate the corresponding waveform. The third is the data calculation module, which is used to calculate according to the input waveform parameters to generate the corresponding waveform (for example, the waveform parameters are the amplitude, frequency and initial phase corresponding to the sine waveform, etc., in this case the data calculation unit outputs the corresponding sine waveform according to the input sine parameters, of course, it is not limited to this, and this application is not limited here).

[0101] Furthermore, the above-mentioned waveform information can be, but is not limited to, stored in the above-mentioned storage module. In this case, when the arbitrary waveform generator module is working, the central control module 11 can derive the corresponding waveform information from the storage module according to the host computer instruction, and then the waveform data corresponding to the waveform information is transmitted to the arbitrary waveform generator module. The data distribution unit in the module receives the waveform information and transmits the data to the data processing module of the corresponding working mode according to the working mode configured by the central control module 11 (equivalent to the type of waveform data output by the central control module 11). Next, the output digital waveform is converted into an analog waveform by a second digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and the analog waveform is filtered, gain-adjusted, and signal-biased by the output conditioning circuit to obtain an arbitrary waveform output. The arbitrary waveform generator output circuit can be expanded to 2 or even more channels according to actual needs, and this application is no longer limited here.

[0102] In neutral cold atom quantum experiments, this functional module receives waveform data and control signals from the central control module 11 and outputs waveform signals. For example, it can output a set arbitrary waveform signal to adjust an external acousto-optic modulator (AOM), thereby precisely controlling parameters such as laser power and polarization state in the control module, achieving the goal of preparing and manipulating arbitrary superposition states of single quantum bits.

[0103] As a preferred embodiment, the direct digital synthesizer function module 32 includes a direct digital synthesizer control module, a direct digital synthesizer, a third digital-to-analog converter and a gain amplifier circuit;

[0104] The direct digital synthesizer control module is used to configure the frequency and phase of the direct digital synthesizer according to the frequency and phase of the received waveform;

[0105] A direct digital synthesizer is used to generate RF signals with a configured frequency and phase.

[0106] The third digital-to-analog converter is used to convert the amplitude information output by the direct digital synthesizer control module from a digital quantity to an analog quantity;

[0107] The gain amplifier circuit is used to amplify the amplitude of the radio frequency signal according to the amplitude information of the analog quantity.

[0108] Specifically, the DDS functional module 32 includes a DDS control module and a DDS output circuit inside the FPGA. The DDS output circuit includes a DDS, a third digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a variable gain amplifier, and an output conditioning circuit.

[0109] The DDS control module configures the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the DDS segment by segment and periodically based on the received waveform information (specifically, the waveform's frequency, phase, and amplitude). It then distributes this amplitude information to a third digital-to-analog converter (DAC), which generates a control voltage for a gain amplifier circuit to regulate the amplitude of the output RF signal (the gain of the gain amplifier circuit is adjustable). The DDS generates an RF signal based on the configured waveform frequency and phase. This signal is amplified by the gain amplifier circuit and then filtered and biased by the output conditioning circuit before being output externally.

[0110] Furthermore, the present application supports 16 independent RF signal output channels, and the number of output channels can be expanded as needed.

[0111] In experiments with neutral cold atom quantum systems, the generated RF signal can be used to control an acousto-optic modulator, thereby controlling the absolute value of the laser frequency and amplitude output by the laser.

[0112] As a preferred embodiment, the pulse sequence generator functional module 33 includes a pulse generator module and a pulse generator output circuit.

[0113] The pulse generator module is used to analyze the pulse data to output a pulse waveform with a preset level and preset pulse width corresponding to the pulse information;

[0114] The pulse generator output circuit is used to bias the waveform generated by the pulse generator module to provide the above-mentioned working timing for the laser and the coil.

[0115] Specifically, the pulse generator functional module includes a pulse generator module and a pulse generator output circuit. The pulse data from the pulse generator module is distributed to the pulse generator module after data exchange between the central control module 11 and the storage module. The pulse generator module analyzes this pulse data segment by segment and outputs a pulse waveform with the corresponding level and pulse width according to the level and pulse width specified in the pulse data. The pulse generator output circuit primarily performs level conversion and output drive functions. Level conversion can be either fixed-value level conversion or configurable level conversion, which increases the flexibility of system use.

[0116] Furthermore, the present application can realize 12-channel pulse sequence output, and the number of channels for outputting pulse sequences can also be expanded according to actual needs.

[0117] In experiments on neutral cold atom quantum systems, the pulse waveforms generated by the pulse generator module are mainly used to implement various timing controls, such as the switching timing control of lasers and the switching timing control of coil currents.

[0118] Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the control system operation flow provided for this application.

[0119] In a specific embodiment, the workflow of the control system is described in detail as follows:

[0120] (1) Turn on the power and perform initialization. The configuration contents include: configuring the feedback controller parameters, configuring the parameters of each input / output circuit, and configuring the arbitrary waveform generator working mode, etc.

[0121] (2) Receive control signals and data from the host computer and download the data to the storage module according to the storage address, including arbitrary waveform data, pulse sequence data, and frequency, amplitude and phase data of the direct digital synthesizer.

[0122] (3) Configure the pulse sequence generator function module 33 and the direct digital synthesizer function module 32 to output control signals.

[0123] (4) Configure the arbitrary waveform generator function module 31 to generate waveform signals according to instructions.

[0124] (5) The data generated by the counter function module 12 during the detection process will be transmitted to the storage module via the central control module 11. The feedback control function module 14 returns the feedback input and feedback output during the experiment to the host computer and the storage module in real time through the central control module 11.

[0125] (6) The host computer reads the data returned by the feedback control function module 14 to realize dynamic monitoring of the experimental system. After the experiment is completed, the experimental data in the storage module is read.

[0126] To address the above technical issues, the present application further provides a neutral cold atom quantum system, comprising a photomultiplier tube for outputting a pulse signal to be measured, a control module, and the aforementioned control system. For a detailed description of the neutral cold atom quantum system, please refer to the above embodiments, and this application will not elaborate further here.

[0127] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. Reference can be made to the common and similar parts between the various embodiments. For the devices disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method description.

[0128] It should also be noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus comprising the element.

[0129] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A control system, characterized in that: Applicable to a neutral cold atom quantum system, the neutral cold atom quantum system includes a photomultiplier tube for outputting a pulse signal to be measured, and a control module for controlling an external system of the neutral cold atom quantum system; the control system includes a central control module, a counter function module, a control signal function module and a feedback control function module integrated on the same PCB board; The central control module is used to feed back the sampling parameters output by the feedback control function module and the counting results output by the counter function module to the host computer, so that the host computer generates a work instruction based on the sampling parameters, the counting results and the target parameters of the control module, and sends the work instruction output by the host computer to the control signal function module; The counter function module is used to count the number of pulses of the pulse signal to be measured output by the photomultiplier tube to obtain the counting result; The control signal function module is used to generate a corresponding preset waveform according to the working instruction to control the control module in the neutral cold atom quantum system; The feedback control function module is used to sample the working parameters of the control module to obtain sampling parameters, and perform closed-loop control on the control module based on the difference between the target parameters corresponding to the working instructions and the working parameters, so as to stabilize the working parameters of the control module at the target parameters.

2. The control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counter function module includes a discriminator and a counter; The discriminator is used to process the amplitude and width of the pulse signal exceeding the preset level in the pulse signal to be tested so that the amplitude and width meet the preset standard; The counter is used to receive the pulse signal output by the discriminator and count the rising edge or falling edge of the pulse signal to obtain the counting result.

3. The control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feedback control function module includes a feedback controller module and a feedback controller peripheral circuit, and the feedback controller peripheral circuit includes a first analog-to-digital converter and a first digital-to-analog converter; The analog-to-digital converter is used to convert the sampling parameters from analog quantities to digital quantities to obtain the sampling parameters of the digital quantities; The feedback controller module is used to perform a proportional-integral-differential operation on the difference between the sampling parameter of the digital quantity and the target parameter to generate a control signal; The first digital-to-analog converter is used to convert the control signal from a digital quantity to an analog quantity to obtain an analog control signal, so as to control the control module so that the working parameters of the control module are stabilized at the target parameters.

4. The control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module includes a laser and a coil, and the control signal function module includes an arbitrary waveform generator, a direct digital synthesizer, and a pulse sequence generator; Sending the work instruction output by the host computer to the control signal function module includes: Sending the waveform data to the arbitrary waveform generator function module, sending the frequency, amplitude and phase of the waveform to the direct digital synthesizer, and sending the pulse data to the pulse sequence generator; The arbitrary waveform generator function module is used to output a corresponding preset waveform according to the waveform data configured by the central control module; The direct digital synthesizer is used to generate a radio frequency signal according to the frequency, phase and amplitude of the waveform configured by the central control module to control the frequency, amplitude and phase of the laser; The pulse sequence generator is used to generate a timing pulse signal according to the pulse data configured by the central control module to provide a working timing for the laser and the coil.

5. The control system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The arbitrary waveform generator includes an arbitrary waveform generator module and an arbitrary waveform generator output circuit; the arbitrary waveform generator includes a data distribution module, a plurality of different data processing modules and a data buffer module, and the arbitrary waveform generator output circuit includes a second digital-to-analog converter and an output conditioning circuit; The data distribution module is used to classify the types of the received waveform data and send the classified waveform data to the data processing module corresponding to the data type; The data processing module is used to process the received waveform data to generate a corresponding waveform; The data buffer module is used for converting the high-bitwidth and low-speed data in the waveform output by the data processing module into low-bitwidth and high-speed data; The second digital-to-analog converter is used to convert the digital waveform output by the data buffer module into an analog waveform and output it; The output conditioning circuit is used to perform filtering and / or gain adjustment and / or bias processing on the analog waveform.

6. The control system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The direct digital synthesizer function module includes a direct digital synthesizer control module, a direct digital synthesizer, a third digital-to-analog converter and a gain amplifier circuit; The direct digital synthesizer control module is used to configure the frequency and phase of the direct digital synthesizer according to the frequency and phase of the received waveform; The direct digital synthesizer is used to generate a radio frequency signal according to the configured frequency and phase; The third digital-to-analog converter is used to convert the amplitude information output by the direct digital synthesizer control module from a digital quantity to an analog quantity; The gain amplifier circuit is used to amplify the amplitude of the radio frequency signal according to the amplitude information of the analog quantity.

7. The control system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pulse train generator functional module includes a pulse generator module and a pulse generator output circuit; The pulse generator module is used to analyze the pulse data to output a pulse waveform with a preset level and a preset pulse width corresponding to the pulse information; The pulse generator output circuit is used to bias the waveform generated by the pulse generator module to provide the above-mentioned working timing for the laser and the coil.

8. The control system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The central control module is also used to configure the counter function module, the control signal function module and the feedback control function module according to the initialization parameters sent by the host computer.

9. The control system according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a storage module integrated on the same PCB board, which is used to store the working instructions sent by the host computer, the initialization parameters, the sampling parameters and the counting results.

10. A neutral cold atom quantum system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a photomultiplier tube for outputting a pulse signal to be measured, a control module and a control system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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