Laser cladding equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application discloses a laser cladding equipment, including a laser generator, a collimation assembly and a shaping focusing lens. The shaping focusing lens is arranged on the light-emitting side of the collimation assembly, and has a first convex lens, a double convex cylindrical lens and a second convex lens connected as one body, the first convex lens and the second convex lens are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the double convex cylindrical lens, the double convex cylindrical lens is used to converge the middle part of the laser beam to form a long strip of first light spot, the first convex lens is used to converge the upper part of the laser beam to form a second light spot connected to the first light spot and having an arc-shaped outer contour, and the second convex lens is used to converge the lower part of the laser beam to form a third light spot connected to the first light spot and having an arc-shaped outer contour. In the light spot generated by the laser cladding equipment, the sharp corners are replaced by arc segments, which reduces the phenomenon of stress concentration in the cladding layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of metal surface processing, and in particular to a laser cladding device. Background Art

[0002] Laser cladding is a process of adding cladding materials to the surface of the substrate and using a high-density laser beam to melt and solidify it together with the substrate surface to form a metallurgically bonded cladding layer on the surface, thereby significantly improving the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance and electrical properties of the substrate surface, thereby achieving the purpose of surface modification or repair.

[0003] At present, the light spot produced by laser cladding equipment is generally rectangular and long. The cladding layer is prone to stress concentration at the sharp corners of the light spot (the angle between the long side and the short side). Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a laser cladding device to reduce the stress concentration phenomenon in the cladding layer.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present application disclose the following technical solutions:

[0006] On the one hand, a laser cladding device is provided, comprising a laser generator, a collimation assembly and a shaping focusing lens. The laser generator is used to generate a laser beam; the collimation assembly is arranged on the light-emitting side of the laser generator, and is used to collimate the laser beam emitted by the laser generator; the shaping focusing lens is arranged on the light-emitting side of the collimation assembly, and has a first convex lens, a double convex cylindrical lens and a second convex lens connected as one body, the first convex lens and the second convex lens are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the double convex cylindrical lens, the double convex cylindrical lens is used to converge the middle part of the laser beam collimated by the collimation assembly, so as to form a long strip of first light spot on the surface of the workpiece to be processed, the first convex lens is used to converge the upper end part of the laser beam collimated by the collimation assembly, so as to form a second light spot connected to the first light spot and having an arc-shaped outer contour on the surface of the workpiece to be processed, and the second convex lens is used to converge the lower end part of the laser beam collimated by the collimation assembly, so as to form a third light spot connected to the first light spot and having an arc-shaped outer contour on the surface of the workpiece to be processed.

[0007] In addition to or as an alternative to one or more features disclosed above, the outer contour of the first light spot is a rectangle.

[0008] In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the features disclosed above, the outer contour of the second light spot is a semicircular arc.

[0009] In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the features disclosed above, the outer contour of the third light spot is a semicircular arc.

[0010] In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the features disclosed above, the double convex cylindrical mirror has a first surface and a second surface which are arranged opposite to each other in the incident direction of the laser beam after collimation by the collimation assembly, the first surface and the second surface are both cylindrical surfaces protruding outward, and the axes of the cylindrical surfaces are perpendicular to the incident direction, and the first surface and the second surface are used to converge the middle part of the laser beam; the first convex lens has a third surface and a fourth surface, the third surface is connected to the upper end of the first surface and extends along the first arc path toward the second surface, the fourth surface is connected to the upper end of the second surface and extends along the second arc path toward the first surface, and the third surface and the fourth surface are used to converge the upper part of the laser beam; the second convex lens has a fifth surface and a sixth surface, the fifth surface is connected to the lower end of the first surface and extends along the third arc path toward the second surface, the sixth surface is connected to the lower end of the second surface and extends along the fourth arc path toward the first surface, and the fifth surface and the sixth surface are used to converge the lower part of the laser beam.

[0011] In addition to or instead of one or more features disclosed above, the first surface and the second surface are arranged in mirror symmetry with the reference plane as the center; the third surface and the fourth surface are arranged in mirror symmetry with the reference plane as the center; the fifth surface and the sixth surface are arranged in mirror symmetry with the reference plane as the center.

[0012] In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the features disclosed above, the collimation assembly includes a first collimator, a concave lens, and a second collimator. The first collimator is arranged on the light-emitting side of the laser generator, and is used to collimate the laser beam emitted by the laser generator; the concave lens is arranged on the light-emitting side of the first collimator, and is used to diverge the laser beam collimated by the first collimator; the second collimator is arranged on the light-emitting side of the concave lens, and is used to collimate the laser beam diverged by the concave lens; wherein the shaping focusing lens is used to converge the laser beam collimated by the second collimator.

[0013] In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the features disclosed above, the laser cladding equipment includes a frequency doubling plate, which is arranged on the light output side of the shaping and focusing mirror to adjust the wavelength of the laser beam converged by the shaping and focusing mirror to a predetermined range.

[0014] In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the features disclosed above, the shaping and focusing mirror can be rotated about a reference axis, and the reference axis is parallel to the laser beam collimated by the collimation assembly.

[0015] In addition to or as an alternative to one or more of the features disclosed above, the laser cladding equipment includes a mounting seat and a slide rail. The slide rail is arranged on the mounting seat. The collimation assembly and the shaping focusing lens are both clamped on the slide rail, and the position in the length direction of the slide rail is adjustable.

[0016] One of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0017] In the technical solution, in the light spot generated by the laser cladding equipment, the sharp corners are replaced by arc segments, thereby reducing the stress concentration phenomenon in the cladding layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The technical solution and other beneficial effects of the present application will be made apparent by describing in detail the specific implementation methods of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the laser cladding equipment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the laser cladding equipment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 AA section view in.

[0022] In the figure, 1 is a mounting base, 2 is a slide rail, 3 is a laser generator, 4 is a first collimating mirror, 5 is a concave lens, 6 is a collimating assembly, 7 is a shaping focusing mirror, 711 is a double convex cylindrical mirror, 712 is a first convex lens, 713 is a second convex lens, 701 is a first surface, 702 is a second surface, 703 is a third surface, 704 is a fourth surface, 705 is a fifth surface, 706 is a sixth surface, 8 is a frequency doubling plate, 9 is a combined light spot, 901 is a first light spot, 902 is a second light spot, 903 is a third light spot, 10 is a workpiece to be processed, 11 is a second collimating mirror, 12 is a bracket, 13 is an incident direction, L is a reference axis, and S is a reference plane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and beneficial effects of this application more clear, the following further describes this application in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. It should be understood that the specific implementation methods described in this specification are only for explaining this application, not for limiting this application.

[0024] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" refers to two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0025] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0026] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0027] See also Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the laser cladding equipment of this application. Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the laser cladding equipment of this application.

[0028] The laser cladding equipment includes a laser generator 3 , a collimating component 6 and a shaping focusing lens 7 .

[0029] The laser generator 3 is used to generate a laser beam. Specifically, the laser generator 3 emits a Gaussian distribution laser beam. The laser generator 3 can be a commercially available laser generator.

[0030] The collimation component 6 is arranged on the light-emitting side of the laser generator 3, and is used to collimate the laser beam emitted by the laser generator 3. The direction of the laser beam emitted by the laser generator 3 is irregular, and after being processed by the collimation component 6, a collimated beam with a divergence angle of almost 0 is obtained.

[0031] The shaping and focusing mirror 7 is arranged on the light-emitting side of the collimating assembly 6. The shaping and focusing mirror 7 is used to converge the laser beam collimated by the collimating assembly 6 to form a combined light spot 9 on the surface of the workpiece 10 to be processed.

[0032] The shaping and focusing lens 7 has a first convex lens 712, a biconvex cylindrical lens 711 and a second convex lens 713 which are connected as one body. The first convex lens 712 and the second convex lens 713 are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the biconvex cylindrical lens 711. The "upper" and "lower" in this article can refer to the upper and lower marks in the drawings.

[0033] The laser beam collimated by the collimating assembly 6 includes an upper portion, a middle portion and a lower portion from top to bottom.

[0034] The double convex cylindrical mirror 711 is used to converge the middle part of the laser beam collimated by the collimating assembly 6 to form a long first light spot 901 on the surface of the workpiece 10 to be processed. Specifically, in some embodiments, the outer contour of the first light spot 901 is a rectangle.

[0035] The first convex lens 712 is used to converge the upper end portion of the laser beam collimated by the collimating assembly 6 to form a second light spot 902 which is connected to the first light spot 901 and has an arc-shaped outer contour on the surface of the workpiece 10 to be processed. Specifically, in some embodiments, the outer contour of the second light spot 902 is a semicircular arc.

[0036] The second convex lens 713 is used to converge the lower end portion of the laser beam collimated by the collimating assembly 6 to form a third light spot 903 which is connected to the first light spot 901 and has an arc-shaped outer contour on the surface of the workpiece 10 to be processed. Specifically, in some embodiments, the outer contour of the third light spot 903 is a semicircular arc.

[0037] The bottom of the second light spot 902 is connected to the top of the first light spot 901, and the top of the third light spot 903 is connected to the bottom of the first light spot 901. Finally, the first light spot 901, the second light spot 902 and the third light spot 903 form a combined light spot 9, and the upper and lower ends of the combined light spot 9 are arc-shaped transitions without sharp corners.

[0038] The combined light spot 9 is a long strip light spot with arc transitions at the upper and lower ends. The outer contour of the combined light spot 9 has no sharp corners, thereby reducing the stress concentration phenomenon of the cladding layer.

[0039] The specific structure of the shaping and focusing lens 7 is described in detail below.

[0040] Please also read Figure 3 , Figure 3 yes Figure 2 AA section view in.

[0041] In some embodiments, the double convex cylindrical mirror 711 has a first surface 701 and a second surface 702 that are arranged opposite to each other in the incident direction 13 of the laser beam after being collimated by the collimating assembly 6. The first surface 701 and the second surface 702 are both cylindrical surfaces convex outward, and the axis of the cylindrical surface is perpendicular to the incident direction 13. The first surface 701 and the second surface 702 are used to converge the middle part of the laser beam. When the collimated laser beam enters from the first surface 701 and exits from the second surface 702, and is projected onto the surface of the workpiece 10 to be processed, a first light spot 901 is formed.

[0042] The first convex lens 712 has a third surface 703 and a fourth surface 704. The third surface 703 is connected to the upper end of the first surface 701 and extends along the first arc path toward the second surface 702. The fourth surface 704 is connected to the upper end of the second surface 702 and extends along the second arc path toward the first surface 701. The third surface 703 and the fourth surface 704 are used to converge the upper end portion of the laser beam. When the collimated laser beam is injected from the third surface 703 and emitted from the fourth surface 704, and is projected onto the surface of the workpiece 10 to be processed, a second light spot 902 is formed.

[0043] The second convex lens 713 has a fifth surface 705 and a sixth surface 706. The fifth surface 705 is connected to the lower end of the first surface 701 and extends along the third arc path toward the second surface 702. The sixth surface 706 is connected to the lower end of the second surface 702 and extends along the fourth arc path toward the first surface 701. The fifth surface 705 and the sixth surface 706 are used to converge the lower end portion of the laser beam. When the collimated laser beam enters from the fifth surface 705 and exits from the sixth surface 706, and is projected onto the surface of the workpiece 10 to be processed, a third light spot 903 is formed.

[0044] In some embodiments, the first surface 701 and the second surface 702 are arranged in mirror symmetry with reference plane S as the center. The third surface 703 and the fourth surface 704 are arranged in mirror symmetry with reference plane S as the center. The fifth surface 705 and the sixth surface 706 are arranged in mirror symmetry with reference plane S as the center.

[0045] The specific structure of the collimating assembly 6 is described in detail below.

[0046] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0047] In some embodiments, the collimating assembly 6 includes a first collimating lens 4 , a concave lens 5 and a second collimating lens 11 .

[0048] The first collimator 4 is disposed on the light-emitting side of the laser generator 3 and is used to collimate the laser beam emitted by the laser generator 3 .

[0049] The concave lens 5 is disposed on the light-emitting side of the first collimating lens 4 , and is used to diverge the laser beam collimated by the first collimating lens 4 .

[0050] The second collimator 11 is disposed on the light-emitting side of the concave lens 5, and is used to collimate the laser beam diverged by the concave lens 5. The shaping and focusing lens 7 is used to converge the laser beam collimated by the second collimator 11.

[0051] The Gaussian distributed laser beam emitted by the laser generator 3 enters the first collimator 4. After the first collimator 4 performs collimation correction on the laser beam, the laser beam passes through the concave lens 5 whose curvature gradually increases from the edge to the center and then enters the second collimator 11. After passing through the first collimator 4, the laser beam enters the shaping focusing lens 7.

[0052] The laser beam with Gaussian distribution enters the first collimator 4. The laser beam coming out of the first collimator 4 has low energy density at the edge and high energy density in the middle. The laser beam enters the concave lens 5. Since the edge curvature of the concave lens 5 is small and the center curvature is large, a uniform divergent beam is formed, and then passes through the second collimator 11 to form a uniform parallel light.

[0053] In some embodiments, the laser cladding equipment includes a frequency doubling plate 8. The frequency doubling plate 8 is disposed on the light-emitting side of the shaping and focusing mirror 7, and is used to adjust the wavelength of the laser beam converged by the shaping and focusing mirror 7 to a predetermined range.

[0054] The function of the frequency doubling plate 8 is to appropriately reduce the wavelength of the laser beam to be suitable for cladding different alloys, for example, it can be reduced to about 900nm to clad ferrous metals. The wavelength of the laser beam can be adjusted to a predetermined range to adapt to the cladding material (for example, green light can clad copper alloy and other high reflectivity alloys) through frequency doubling plates 8 of different specifications.

[0055] In some embodiments, the shaping and focusing mirror 7 can rotate around a reference axis L, and the reference axis L is parallel to the laser beam collimated by the collimation assembly 6 .

[0056] Specifically, the shaping and focusing lens 7 is rotatably disposed around the reference axis L on the bracket 12 .

[0057] By rotating the shaping and focusing mirror 7 , the curvature of the shaping and focusing mirror 7 relative to the laser beam can be changed, thereby adjusting the length or width of the combined light spot 9 .

[0058] In some embodiments, the laser cladding equipment includes a mounting seat 1 and a slide rail 2. The slide rail 2 is disposed on the mounting seat 1. The collimating assembly 6 and the shaping focusing lens 7 are both clamped on the slide rail 2, and the lengthwise position of the slide rail 2 is adjustable.

[0059] Specifically, the collimator assembly 6 can be fixed to the mounting base 1 by a fastener. When adjusting the position of the collimator assembly 6, the fastener is unscrewed, and the position of the collimator assembly 6 is adjusted along the slide rail 2. After the adjustment is completed, the collimator assembly 6 is fixed by the fastener. This arrangement prevents the collimator assembly 6 from being offset on the transmission path of the laser beam after the position is adjusted. Similarly, the shaping focusing lens 7 can also be fixed to the mounting base 1 by a similar structure.

[0060] In an embodiment in which the laser cladding equipment includes a frequency doubling plate 8 , the frequency doubling plate 8 is clamped on the slide rail 2 , and its position in the length direction of the slide rail 2 is adjustable.

[0061] In the embodiment where the collimating assembly 6 includes the first collimating lens 4 , the concave lens 5 and the second collimating lens 11 , the first collimating lens 4 , the concave lens 5 and the second collimating lens 11 are all mounted on the slide rail 2 , and their positions in the length direction of the slide rail 2 are adjustable.

[0062] In summary, in the technical solution, in the light spot generated by the laser cladding equipment, the sharp corners are replaced by arc segments, thereby reducing the stress concentration phenomenon in the cladding layer.

[0063] The introduction provided in the above steps is only used to help understand the method, structure and core idea of ​​the present application. For ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present application, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A laser cladding equipment, It is characterized in that include: A laser generator, wherein the laser generator is used to generate a laser beam; A collimation component, which is arranged on the light-emitting side of the laser generator and is used to collimate the laser beam emitted by the laser generator; A shaping focusing lens, the shaping focusing lens is arranged on the light-emitting side of the collimating assembly, and has a first convex lens, a double convex cylindrical lens and a second convex lens which are connected as one body, the first convex lens and the second convex lens are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the double convex cylindrical lens, the double convex cylindrical lens is used to converge the middle part of the laser beam after collimation by the collimating assembly, so as to form a long strip of first light spot on the surface of the workpiece to be processed, the first convex lens is used to converge the upper end part of the laser beam after collimation by the collimating assembly, so as to form a second light spot which is connected as one body with the first light spot and has an arc-shaped outer contour on the surface of the workpiece to be processed, and the second convex lens is used to converge the lower end part of the laser beam after collimation by the collimating assembly, so as to form a third light spot which is connected as one body with the first light spot and has an arc-shaped outer contour on the surface of the workpiece to be processed; Wherein, the collimation assembly comprises: A first collimator lens, which is arranged at the light-emitting side of the laser generator and is used to collimate the laser beam emitted by the laser generator; A concave lens, which is arranged on the light-emitting side of the first collimator and is used to diverge the laser beam collimated by the first collimator; A second collimator, which is disposed on the light-emitting side of the concave lens and is used to collimate the laser beam diverged by the concave lens; Wherein, the shaping and focusing lens is used to converge the laser beam collimated by the second collimating lens.

2. The laser cladding equipment according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The outer contour of the first light spot is a rectangle.

3. The laser cladding equipment according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The outer contour of the second light spot is a semicircular arc.

4. The laser cladding equipment according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The outer contour of the third light spot is a semicircular arc.

5. The laser cladding equipment according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The double convex cylindrical mirror comprises a first surface and a second surface which are arranged opposite to each other in the incident direction of the laser beam after being collimated by the collimating assembly, the first surface and the second surface are both cylindrical surfaces convex outwards, and the axis of the cylindrical surface is perpendicular to the incident direction, and the first surface and the second surface are used to converge the middle part of the laser beam; The first convex lens has a third surface and a fourth surface, the third surface is connected to the upper end of the first surface and extends along a first arc path toward one side of the second surface, the fourth surface is connected to the upper end of the second surface and extends along a second arc path toward one side of the first surface, and the third surface and the fourth surface are used to converge the upper end portion of the laser beam; The second convex lens has a fifth surface and a sixth surface, the fifth surface is connected to the lower end of the first surface and extends along a third arc path toward one side of the second surface, the sixth surface is connected to the lower end of the second surface and extends along a fourth arc path toward one side of the first surface, and the fifth surface and the sixth surface are used to converge the lower end portion of the laser beam.

6. The laser cladding equipment according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The first surface and the second surface are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner with the reference plane as the center; The third surface and the fourth surface are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner with the reference plane as the center; The fifth surface and the sixth surface are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner with the reference plane as the center.

7. The laser cladding equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 6, It is characterized in that include: A frequency doubling plate is arranged on the light-emitting side of the shaping and focusing mirror, and is used to adjust the wavelength of the laser beam converged by the shaping and focusing mirror to a predetermined range.

8. The laser cladding equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 6, It is characterized in that The shaping and focusing mirror can rotate around a reference axis, and the reference axis is parallel to the laser beam collimated by the collimation assembly.

9. The laser cladding equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 6, It is characterized in that include: Mounting seat; A slide rail, the slide rail being arranged on the mounting seat; Wherein, the collimating assembly and the shaping and focusing lens are both clamped on the slide rail, and their positions in the length direction of the slide rail are adjustable.

Images